Florida Historical Uarterly

The Florida Historical uarterly APRIL 1970 PUBLISHED BY THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY FRONT COVER “A View of Pensacola in West Florida” is a black and white engraving published and dedicated by George Gauld to Sir William Burnaby, rear admiral and commander of the British fleet at Jamaica. From the British ensigns on the vessels and the flag flying from the flagstaff, this is obviously a picture of Pensacola during the British period. Since Gauld’s name is not mentioned in any reference sources as an engraver, and since such a skill is not mentioned in his book, it is unlikely that he was the engraver of this picture, but he probably drew the sketch of the scene from which it was made. The engraving is in the Prints and Photographs Division, Library of Congress. Gauld, surveyor of the coasts of Florida, was born in 1732 at Ardbrack, Bamffshire, and he was educated at King’s College, Aberdeen. In 1763 he was appointed to make a survey of all newly acquired English territory in the West Indies, and in March of the following year he sailed aboard the Tartar for Jamaica to join Burnaby’s fleet. In August 1764 he accompanied Sir John Lindsay to Pensacola and he may have made a sketch of the harbor at that time. He was a friend of Philip Pittman, author of The Present State of the European Settlements on the Mississippi . (1770), and Thomas Hutchins whose An Historical Narrative and Topogaphical Description of Louisiana, and West-Florida was published in 1784. They helped him draft charts and plans of West Florida. Gauld’s unpublished “General Description of the Sea-Coast, Harbours, Lakes, Rivers, &ca. of The Province of West Florida, 1769,” is in the American Philosophical Society Archives, Philadel- phia. His charts appeared in the Atlantic Neptune (1780), and his surveys of the Caribbean and Florida coasts were published in London by William Faden in 1790 and 1796. Gauld was a volunteer during the seige of Pensacola in 1781. He was taken as a prisoner, first to Havana and then to New York; he died in London, June 8, 1782, at the age of fifty, a few months after his return to England. He is buried in the cemetery of the Tottenham Court Road Chapel. The Florida Historical Quarterly THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL SOCIETY Volume XLVIII, Number 4 April 1970 THE FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY SAMUEL PROCTOR, Editor PETER D. KLINGMAN, Editorial Assistant EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD LUIS R. ARANA CASTILLO DE SAN MARCOS, ST. AUGUSTINE HERBERT J. DOHERTY, JR. U NIVERSITY OF F LORIDA J OHN K. M AHON UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA WILLIAM W. ROGERS FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY JERRELL H. SHOFNER FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY C HARLTON W. T EBEAU UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI Correspondence concerning contributions, books for review, and all editorial matters should be addressed to the Editor, Florida Historical Quarterly, Box 14045, University Station, Gainesville, Florida 32601. The Quarterly is interested in articles and documents pertaining to the history of Florida. Sources, style, footnote form, original- ity of material and interpretation, clarity of thought, and interest of readers are considered. All copy, including footnotes, should be double-spaced. Footnotes should be numbered consecutively in the text and assembled at the end. Particular attention should be given to following the footnote style of the Quarterly. The author should submit an original and retain a carbon for security. The Florida Historical Society and editor of the Florida Historical Quarterly accept no responsibility for statements made by contributors. ii CONTENTS VAN BRUNT’S STORE, IAMONIA, FLORIDA, 1902-1911 Clifton L. Paisley 353 C ALOOSAHATCHEE M ASSACRE : I TS S IGNIFICANCE IN THE SECOND SEMINOLE WAR .......................... George R. Adams 368 PLANT’S LIEUTENANTS ......................... Dudley S. Johnson 381 N OTES AND D OCUMENTS : S ANIBEL I SLAND AND I TS V ICINITY , 1833, A DOCUMENT .............................. E. A. Hammond 392 A NOTE ON GOVERNOR GEORGE F. DREW Jerrell H. Shofner 412 FLORIDA MANUSCRIPT AQUISITIONS AND ACCESSIONS ..... 415 B OOK REVIEWS ........................................................................... 420 BOOK NOTES .................................................................................... 444 H ISTORY N EWS ................................................................. 452 DIRECTORS’ MEETING, DECEMBER 13, 1969 ........................ 463 COPYRIGHT 1970 by the Florida Historical Society, Tampa, Florida. Second class postage paid at Tampa, Florida, and at additional mailing offices. Printed by E. O. Painter Printing Co., DeLand, Florida. iii BOOK REVIEWS Jahoda, The Road to Samarkand: Frederick Delius and His Music, by Evelyn Harris ............................................................. 420 Dunn, Re-Discover Florida, by Margaret L. Chapman ...................... 421 Stoddard, Memoirs of a Naturalist, by Elizabeth S. Austin .................... 422 Willison, Patrick Henry and His World, by Aubrey C. Land .......... 423 Herndon, William Tatham and the Culture of Tobacco, by Clifton L. Paisley ........................................................ 425 Hemphill (ed.), The Papers of John C. Calhoun: Volume IV, 1819-1820, by Thomas P. Govan .......................................................... 427 Wooster, The People in Power: Courthouse and State House in the Lower South, 1850-1860, by Thomas D. Clark .......................... 428 Hyman (ed.), Heard Round The World, by Ben Procter ...................... 429 Goff, Confederate Supply, by James I. Robertson, Jr. .............................. 431 Belz, Reconstructing the Union: Theory and Policy During the Civil War, by T. Harry Williams ........................................................... 432 Trefousse, The Radical Republicans: Lincoln’s Vanguard for Racial Justice, by Phillip S. Paludan ........................................ 433 Current (ed.), Reconstruction in Retrospect: Views from the Turn of the Century, by Howard H. Quint ....................................................... 435 Hamilton (ed.), Three American Frontiers: Writings of Thomas D. Clark, by Kenneth Coleman .................................................... 437 Hackney, Populism To Progressivism In Alabama, by William Warren Rogers ............................................................................................... 430 Fagen, Brody, and O’Leary, Cubans in Exile: Disaffection and the Revolution, by Frederick E. Kidder .......................................................... 441 Clark, The Lady and the Sharks, by Marian Murray ....................... 442 VAN BRUNT’S STORE, IAMONIA, FLORIDA, 1902-1911 by CLIFTON L. PAISLEY* OT UNTIL JUST before World War II did Leon become an N urban county. Tallahassee always had been the only real town in the county, and for more than a century it had been a fairly small community. The 1940 census showed that for the first time more than half the county’s population, 16,240 of the 31,646 persons, lived in Tallahassee. The city’s growth since World War II has turned Leon into one of Florida’s most urban counties. Before that time it shared with its four neighboring counties-Jackson, Gadsden, Jefferson, and Madison-the char- acteristics of being rural, agricultural, and, for the most part, black. Even in 1940 Leon was part of the “black belt” of nearly 200 counties extending from Virginia to Texas, with a population of 16,106 blacks and 15,540 whites. 1 At the turn of the twentieth century, Leon County was almost totally rural, agricultural, and Negro; the 1900 census listed 3,886 whites and 15,999 blacks. There were 2,981 persons living in Tallahassee, an increase of forty-seven in ten years, out of a total county population of 19,887. The county seat and state capital shared with several crossroads communities- Miccosukee, Chaires, Woodville, and other smaller ones-the trade of a large rural, and overwhelmingly black, population of farmers. Iamonia, eighteen miles north of Tallahassee on the Thomas- ville Road, and a mile south of the Georgia line, was such a crossroads community when R. F. Van Brunt opened his country store there in 1902. At the junction of Thomasville and Merid- ian roads, 2 the community took its name from nearby Lake * Mr. Paisley is research editor, Office of the Graduate Dean and Director of Research, Florida State University. 1. Arthur F. Raper, Preface To Peasantry: A Tale of Two Black Belt Counties (Chapel Hill, 1936), 3-7. 2. Interview with Mrs. Jack Gregory, Quincy, July 5, 1969. Mrs. Gregory, Bessie Van Brunt, was the daughter of R. F. Van Brunt. Meridian Road is not to be confused with the Meridian Road leading northward [ 353 ] 354 FLORIDA HISTORICAL QUARTERLY Iamonia. Called Hiamonee by the Indians, the lake gained a reputation among early white settlers for being a good place to hunt wood duck. 3 John Lee Williams, one of the two com- missioners who selected Tallahassee as the site for the territorial capital, reported in 1827 that the lake contained “a great number of fish,” a reputation which has continued until recent times. 4 Between 1902 and -1911, when Van Brunt’s store was in operation, the open water portion near the eastern end of the lake was a favorite picnic spot, and every Fourth of July people from Tallahassee and Thomasville flocked to what they called “The Basin.” 5 The area around Lake Iamonia was predominantly agricultural. These rolling uplands were much favored for cotton growing by antebellum planters who used the lake margins to graze cattle. Leon, by 1860, was the largest county in Florida and the

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