DOCSLIB.ORG

Marine Turtle Resources

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Marine Turtle Resources FI xSF'/f;lOP/RID(l 102/6 1 Miu•oh 19'/2 EJOUT:H PACHIC :rnI.ANDS ~ EU!RINID TURTLE IU!JSOURCES A :i."epo:r.'t IJ:rop&,::rect for the South PMific Iolanda JJ1 i1me:i.~1e~ D.!Jv®lopm*'nt Agenc..'Y by ,J oRo :mu1driolwo11 i\im•i:uo Biology ( 1l'ul'Uaa) Con<!ttltaxri; Rom", 1972 WS/07567 1 • IN'l'RODUG'rION 2. U .s. TRUS'l' TERRI'l'OHY OF ~1'I1JIJ PACIFIC ISLANDS 2.1 SynopBiB of Act:ivi'!;y 2. 2 FincLings 2 2.3 Recormnanda/Gions 5 3. GUAM 6 3.1 Synopsis of Activities 6 3.2 Findingfl 6 3.3 Racomrnenda:tions 6 PAPUA-NEW GUINEA 4.1 Synop.iia of Activitio111 7 4. 2 Finding•~ 7 4.3 Recommendations 9 CONSOLIDATED llEOOMM:filNDA'I'IONS 10 ITHIERARY 12 PIIRSONS INTERVIlll'IIilD 13 covering work in ·~he Uo(1o •1:r1.ucs1; of ·th€c' PiM~if:tc Ial!'!,nM and in iB 1J&o~3<!3d. upon itr!;®;:vi•~W3 uH;h [f~':MV®rnrn<iJn·~ and. fish~n:y o:fficilil,18~ marine 'r.urtl121 fi11h0rmoen EJXH'I. ancl loe~J. :inht",11:l.'l;E:l..n't!'! i;,1 itn1 t;o ce>rrh~i1nrte llSeful ini'orm.1J;tio:n. a:ml 'eh@ consulta:!'rt to ti1rtle nesting heach~rn ~u1cl feeding H foUowa I:nfo:r"!llal report FI~Sl;y'SOP/REG 'i02/2 by In 19689 M a :reimH; of dit!m1eRl!iom1 wit;h South J?a,cific C<i~1tmi&uJion ( SPC) officers, ·the consultant B. T1:irtl<';l whioh waa !!@mt out by the South Pacific Ielands .Fisheries Develo1Jment SPIF'DA) 'rn fiiJhe:riem of'fioo:t'u tind oth1:1r potential info~ll! in the. South Pacifico A copy of thi:t1 qlws·tion11air'<) i.13 bwlude<l in Dr. Hirth 1B Informal report and da'Ga from 'Gh® :t'<>SpOMim aJ.~® inolu.ded b1 his (in most cas<>s9 following dinct verification 1)y him in comreri:J~/~ionl'3 with the reapondent1t1). In like fa.shim19 the two retolponae£1 rv.:1ceiwd in the con!1lults,nt 1 1I! ares, of assignm<llnt (Guam aml Bm.lgai:nville) in this albeit wi'Ghout dir€lct relll,ffirmation0 The Te:t"!llS of Re feremce of ·thi;i cmmultl'.mt were g 1w110 s,:nd :report on the 1:1ea turtle farm on Ch·and Cayman Il!llandw British West Indies; to supplement ·~he Project's previoui review of the stocks of me,dne tu:r-tlei;; in ,Ghe fllouth and southW""..,st Pacific; where feaBible 9 to design with d11Jtaileci iMt:rnct:l.ou..!ll fo1• this e>ll!tablbhment o:f' ·ttu:-tle farmlll and give training ·i;o local porso:l'lMl in the impleme:n:t&,ticm of ·the1>1ll The bibliog-caphy of marine tur'Ue publioationB ghnm eJ:3 Appendix 5 in Dr. Hir·th 1s repor1 is co1wide:red adiilqua:i;e withom~ additiona by ·the oormul'tan,i;; no bibliography is appended to this report. 2. 2.1 Approxir11r2.bly half of the 60 1;1e,r:1 allocated for work in the rr:r'1J~f;t Terr:i. Biloauf:I® of :i.~mot®nnrn!"I baaohe!'J <'!nd predictable tranEJpo:Pta:tion di:t'ficuJ:t i<1~1 in ·the Ma:t'IIlh!!,11 ·the oo:rumlta:rrt !'Hibocluled. to visit Majuro with the i!:rten·tfon of o·~h.E:ir following the !lnd. finii:ihing ai; ];l':l.!'Ah®r:b~lli! Rei~e!U'ch s·t11:tion exi111ta. Unfortm1a:tdy9 i.ve 1~_ncl ~• to·tal abf'ltimco of cable 9 radio and pofB·te,l ooummnir,i;i/~ion rl1l10 in J~he Trust Territory ciulminated. w:l:th to re&i,oh Palau (\11 s'Gand.- by sta;tus from ·th® Gurun During 14 in M~iju:ro befo:t'e oha.J:'ior oouJ.d ha ·to Bila!.r Atoll, /!'!, large numOOI' of l~:l.'!'10nEJ w1:u3 ot:m!'!idor!l.blo ion by l!ll,Yl1l'!ln on many portioM of the Trufft p1",rtiouJ.ll!,:rly 'Ghoills of Dr. Jack Tobin9 aleo provid!i!!d detail®d info:rniation of oonBide:&'a'ble v·alu.e. di!!lousaions on the potential for turtle fa.r·mi:ng in thc:i ~fu.rahall If:llsz.:ndl'l helfl wi'th brt®~lllted pe:t"!'lon!'!, and the consultant wal'il Eloblo to fo:t'lmlllat® l!l.nd ht1:vo confiru1od a r1.ui11bor of economic and. social milieu in which ar;y M,:u:•fi!!}ll::!,11€11\10 turth1 fa,1'mlll would ha"V"e The con1t1u.Hant g<1.ve OJJ£ diMttHi.0~1i=l®<rtl"Lre, illu!'!tre,tiflci wi'th colour group of about 20 persons in:t®rostecl in turtlo 2.2 With the exception of dB;t10, which r11JY41 avedlable from ·th'3 Marin® Resources Lttboratocy in Kororw Palauw wid. would 'be conOOl"'ned wi'!;h tho irllfnediate a,rea of the western- most Carolinas, th®re i!Fl oJ()icnt i:l:'ic ·ty on ·!;he !'lea turtll'l popula- tio:ns of the Trwilt Territory. d!:~ta on population si~s; there are no catch or f!lt~tia1dcs; ;~o "'i!£!i',"l{!) prcigrrunme•~ no local fir:!heries officers exist, and there aril no local science on which programmes of atm:W might b!'l based. which ili'j start :from zero and must oo bMed llpon PelilLoo interested lilm1!l.i:[1nr•lfll meaningful survey of the three million scp~ 00noe~ned would be a formidable task. Altho1J8h the consultant lmdlirstood that U1<11 circn1lat®d in 1968 had brought some respon1:1es from the Tru!!lt Te:t'ritory, hEI he,s neJt been able to locate such data at SPIFDA headquarters in Noumea. The most oommon ·turtles in "~he Trus·b are Green tu:r'tlea 9 with Haw1mbilb distributed rather eparaely in the xwrthe:rn ~•ml l'.:!Mtern portiorui of the area and oocooiing more common in the southe:m aud western aectforui. ImmadiaJGdy around Pala:u9 HawkBbills are apparently morl'l common than ar1<1 Gree:i:u1. Ridleye a,11d LoathorbackB appear to occm' only sporadically aw:l. r~rely; no substantial records of Loggerheads liU.'e available and (in the Marshalls, at least), no appropriate name for <1uch a ttll'·l;ll'l o::dsts. The principal known and e1u1pacted Green tur'cle neating ar®as are all on low islands and bars with lHtl® o:r' no htu111ui activity beyoncl via:l:l;t'.! for the pw;poee of collecting fish, 'Gurtles, and sea birrus0 So far as the oo:ruiultant ce~ determine 9 theN are no exteruiive beds of' turtle gras1:1 l:1€le...r these m-rnting localitioi:J9 f!luoh oods being more cooimon in the vicinity of the ( i:rihabited) high idands where there is more 1~rle11eive rainwater :r•un-offo Thus, the best potential feed.ing areiY:oJ and 'che arilal:l arl'l uau.ally sep!!!,rated by oonside:i:•a.ble distanoos. In the Trust 'l'errHory i1alandt"l, there 1\1,ppee..:r to be no nxed cuetoois of holding oaptured turtles for ®rlem1ed periocls in or of 1:'®1,\ring 1!1ma11er individuals to larger size. There ex-a a few &,ccounti:< of chi®fo who turtl~rn placed in th<il royal fish ponds for fut~ co:rummption e,x1d @, few paopl® ·tried Hat4kl'Jbills durhig ·this century (l!!l,11 failed as bMim'lH v~mtUN!<l )o There :i.13 a cl;:i.~ar'lition ha.tchling~ as pets ooa:r the homes, and ·tethering Bmaller individ:ualEJ in the lagoon, b\it n.JO :r·eal culture practioo ia evident In recent yearsu hatche1'y r~chemes have operated on Oroluk Atoll in the Dii~'Grict and in Palau. Individual ,ia:ir'tles a_re 'brought in oVGr moll'lt of th® Te:FL•itory, and are eaten within da;yB of oopt1xre0 A BUIJlffitu:·y of and customs relating ·to turtl®1!3 iB given in 11 Note<1 on the regulations 1u1d. pl'aotfoef:! of ha:F.resUng sea turUe and eJea turtle eggs in the rrruat Te:F.dto:i:•y of the PaoHio Islimda", Antlu.'opological Working Papers, Trust Territory of the Pacific IBlands, April~ 1957. There is an existing sta:tute {Truat Territory Code, TiUe 45~ Ohaptl'll' 1) gOV®rning the taking of sea tur'i; liH10 This prohibi tlil the taking of all !\ll'la tw:'tlea while on Bllorl'l and forbide the taking of ai:zy- eggs. It sets a lower size limit of 24 in carapace le1-igth on all sea turtles tak<1m ill the W<J/Ger, i:md Htablishes olo!!ed seaaonl!I ( 1 J\!11e ·to 31 All8Ust and 1 Daoorn~r to 31 Je,nuary) for HawkBbillso Ma.ximwn pa11altias of au montha or USS 100, or both, are stipulatl!ld0 The oonsultl).nt oould find no evidsnoe thll\t the law had ever ~en employE>d in a prosecution; most infornum:~s were not awru:>o of itl!I exi.i·tl!lnoo; it was openly and ooom'lonly violated in eveey locality '\l'ii!jit®d. It is understood that an effort to educate the populaoo and enforCMil the llll,'W is b!!!ing made in Palau. In the absen04!ll of ~ firm iv.for-rimtion oo?W<'ll':rling the f<liHB of the turtle popula·tions of the Trwit Tl!lrritory~ ll!.n attempt W!iUJ made to dr&w together in the most meaningful form po1ulible all th• intom~'l!.ticm (!Jf ~ sor·t which could be and to produce at leyt an initial Htimate of r•laUve r!li~!!! and lo1Jaticms !lf populations of Green t\irtlee.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ground-Water Resources of the Laura Area, Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands
    GROUND-WATER RESOURCES OF THE LAURA AREA, MAJURO ATOLL, MARSHALL ISLANDS By Scott N. Hamlin and Stephen S. Anthony U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4047 Prepared in cooperation with the REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS Honolulu, Hawaii 1987 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director For additional information Copies of this report write to: can be purchased from: District Chief, Hawaii District U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey, WRD Books and Open-File Reports Section 300 Ala Moana Blvd., Rm. 6110 Federal Center, Bldg. 41 Honolulu, Hawai 96850 Box 25425 Denver, Colorado 80225 CONTENTS Page Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------ 1 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------- 2 Purpose and scope ---------------------------------------------- 5 Setting -------------------------------------------------------- 5 Previous investigations ---------------------------------------- 6 Acknowledgments ------------------------------------------------ 8 Methods of study ---------------------------------------------------- 8 Surface geophysical survey ------------------------------------- 8 Installation of driven-well network ---------------------------- 8 Test holes and collection of lithologic samples ---------------- 11 Collection of water samples ------------------------------------ 11 Measurements of water levels ----------------------------------- 13 Geohydrologic framework ---------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • Atoll Research Bulletin No. 330 a Review of The
    ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 330 A REVIEW OF THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS BY F. RAYMOND FOSBERG ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. January 1990 A REVIEW OF THE NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS F. RAYMOND FOSBERG This review was prepared on very short notice, to provide a summary of what is known to the reviewer at the time, June 1988, about the natural phenomena of the Marshall Islands. This was for the use of the members of the survay team sent to the Marshalls by the Environmentand Policy Institute of the East-West Center, Honolulu. Their mission was to investigate the remaining relatively natural areas and the extent of biodiversity in the new Republic of the Marshall Islands. The Marshall Archipelago has been the habitat of Aboriginal man for many hundreds, perhaps even thousands, of years. Hence there is very little, if any, undisturbed land remaining. Since the coming of the Europeans, in the 19th Century, and especially in the years 1940 to the present, the disturbance and change have been greatly intensified. On four of the Atolls, namely, Eniwetok, Bikini, Kwajalein, and Majuro, the alteration has been catastrophic. Change is so rapid that even a superficial account of what was observed during the early and mid 1950's seems worth placing on permanent record. This account is definitely not the results of a systematic literature search, but merely what is stores in the reviewer's head and in his notebooks, with such additions as are acknowkedged in the text.
    [Show full text]
  • Coastal Management Profiles : a Directory of Pacific Island Governments and Non-Government Agencies with Coastal Management Related Responsibilities
    A Directory of COASTAL Pacific Island MANAGEMENT Governments and non Government PROFILES Agencies with Coastal Management related Responsibilities henfeld ac W vid Da Photo: SPREP South Pacific Regional Environment Programme SPREP Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Coastal Management Profiles : A Directory of Pacific Island Governments and non-Government Agencies with Coastal Management Related Responsibilities. – Apia, Samoa : SPREP, 1999. vi, 205 p. ; 29 cm ISBN: 982-04-0198-4 1. Coastal zone management – Oceania – Directories. 2. Coastal engineering - Oceania – Directories. I. South Pacific Regional Environment Programme. 025.1641 Published in June 1999 by the South Pacific Regional Environment Programme PO Box 240 Apia, Samoa Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.sprep.org.ws/ Produced by SPREP Edited by Carole Hunter Layout and design by Andreas Wagner (WWd, Australia) email: [email protected] Cover photo: David Wachenfeld (Triggerfish Images, Australia) email: [email protected] Typeset in 9.5/12 (New Century Schoolbook) Printed on recycled paper 90gsm Savannah Matt Art (60%) by Quality Print Ltd, Fiji © South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 1999. The South Pacific Regional Environment Programme authorises the reproduction of this material, whole or in part, in any form provided appropriate acknowledgement is given. Original Text: English SPREP’s Climate Change and Integrated Coastal Management Programme COASTAL MANAGEMENT PROFILES A DIRECTORY OF PACIFIC ISLAND GOVERNMENTS AND NON GOVERNMENT AGENCIES WITH COASTAL MANAGEMENT RELATED RESPONSIBILITIES South Pacific Regional Environment Programme FOREWORD hese Coastal Management Profiles are a direct response to country requests for a directory containing guidance on who is doing what Tin coastal management within the Pacific islands region.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Islands
    PUB. 126 SAILING DIRECTIONS (ENROUTE) ★ PACIFIC ISLANDS ★ Prepared and published by the NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Springfield, Virginia © COPYRIGHT 2014 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C. 2014 ELEVENTH EDITION For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: http://bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001 III Preface 0.0 Pub. 126, Sailing Directions (Enroute) for Pacific Islands, 0.0 New editions of Sailing Directions are corrected through the Eleventh Edition, 2014, is issued for use in conjunction with date of the publication shown above. Important information to Pub. 120, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) Pacific Ocean amend material in the publication is available as a Publication and Southeast Asia. Companion volumes are Pubs. 125 and Data Update (PDU) from the NGA Maritime Domain web site. 127. 0.0 Digital Nautical Charts 6, 12, and 13 provide electronic chart 0.0NGA Maritime Domain Website coverage for the area covered by this publication. http://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal 0.0 This publication has been corrected to 19 July 2014, including Notice to Mariners No. 29 of 2014. 0.0 0.0 Courses.—Courses are true, and are expressed in the same Explanatory Remarks manner as bearings. The directives “steer” and “make good” a course mean, without exception, to proceed from a point of 0.0 Sailing Directions are published by the National Geospatial- origin along a track having the identical meridianal angle as the Intelligence Agency (NGA), under the authority of Department designated course.
    [Show full text]
  • Atoll Research Bulletin No
    ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 419 ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN LNSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. AUGUST 1994 DESCRIPTION OF REEFS AND CORALS FOR THE 1988 PROTECTED AREA SURVEY OF THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS JAMES E. MARAGOS Abstract The Republic of the Marshall Islands requested a natural and cultural biodiversity survey of 6 northern atolls (Bok-ak, Pikaar, Toke, Wotto, Roiidik, Adkup) and one reef island (Jenq) which was accomplished over 17 days in September 1988. This report covers the results of the survey of the reefs and corals during the expedition. Ninety-five marine sites were snorkeled and the shorelines of all island were surveyed during the expedition. A total of 168 species and 55 genera and subgenera of stony corals were reported including several new species and one new genus recorded (Polyphyllia) for the Marshalls. Bok-ak Atoll, the northernmost atoll, supports large giant clam populations, a completely native flora, and the largest seabird populations in the Marshalls. Pikaar Atoll also supports large giant clam populations and the largest sea turtle nesting populations in the Marshalls. Both Bok-ak and Pikaar are isolated from other atolls and have shallow lagoons elevated slightly above sea level due to their geomorphological configuration. Toke Atoll is located about 10 km from inhabited Utrok Atoll, and supports healthy coral reef habitats and giant clams. Jemq Island supports large seabird populations and is the second most important sea turtle nesting site in the Marshalls. Boat access to Jemy, Pikaar and Bok-ak is hazardous due to wave exposure or strong currents.
    [Show full text]
  • Marshall Islands Chronology 1944
    DRAFT Marshall Islands Chronology 1944 to 1990 January 11,1991 .’, Prepared by Am C. I)eines David L Cm@pap Ruth !+?LHa~+. ‘:: ‘ ‘--- Laura J. Kens. .“ HISTORY ASSOCIAms INCORPOti~D The Histotic Montmse~S&ool 5721 Randolph Road Rockvillq MaryIand 20852 Pre~amd far the U.S. I)epmcnt of Energy Under Contract No. DE-ACOS.S7,WI0594 DRAFT MARSHALL ISLANDSCHRONOLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . ...ii HISTORIG4L ’BACKGROUND.. ~ CHRONOLOGY . ...1 APPENDIX A- SECTIONS OF THE COCA . ..lK APPENDIX B-ABBREVIATIONS. ...110 APPENDIX C- LIST OF CROUPS INVOLVED WITH MARSHALL ISIANDS DEVELOPMENT . 114 ENDNOTES . .. ..7?6 LIST OF MAPS . ..155 DRAFT ii MARSHALL ISLANDS CHRONOLOGY INTRODUCTION This draft chronology presents the historical record of events relating to the Department of Energy/Energy Research and Development Administration/Atomic Energy Commission (DOE/ERDA/AEC) medical, environmental, and radiological safety activities in the Marshall Islands from 1946 to 1990. Among the milestones included are agreements between the Marshake and the United States, particularly those invokg the DOE and its predecessorrs; relocation and resettlement efforts; legal responsibilities assumed by the AEC, the ERD& and the DOE; administration of U.S. government activities in the islandq medical findings; environmental studies; radiation safety criteria applied in the Marshalls and in the U.S.; and U.S. nuclear testing activities in the region. In order to facilitate use of the chronology by those interested in a particular aspect of developments in the Marshall Islands, we have assigned each entry one or more topical headings from the following list ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT CLAIMS CONGRESSIONAL REIATIONSI-IIP CONTRACTOR LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY MEDICAL POLICY PLUTONIUM RADIATION RELOCATION WEAPON TESTING By selecting only those entries under a specific headin~ one can follow more directly the story of any area of particular interes$ such as the DOE medical program, government policy, or legal responsibility.
    [Show full text]
  • Rongelap Atoll Jodi Stevens Releford and Will C
    Survivor Rongelap: Health issues and use of traditional medicine among the women of Rongelap atoll Jodi Stevens Releford and Will C. McClatchey Research Abstract The people of Rongelap atoll have always been survivors. For the atolls that now make up the Marshall Islands (Fig- For centuries they survived in one of the most extreme ure 1) to be habitable, the earliest Pacific explorers would environments in the world by making the most of the re- have had to introduce useful plant species to the natural sources available to them. Life was further complicated vegetation, which is sparse and simple (Figure 2). Atoll when they were exposed to fallout from nuclear testing by life for these early Marshall Islanders could not have been the U.S. Consequently they have suffered horrible medi- easy; and the fact that humans not only survived, but also cal ailments and exile from their island home. With plans flourished is a testament to their tenacity and resourceful- now in the works for repatriation to Rongelap atoll, safety ness. Unfortunately, in the modern era the lives of some is the first concern. We believe that the risk of consum- Marshall Islanders, such as those from Rongelap atoll ing traditional plant-based remedies on Rongelap has have been further complicated by numerous health prob- been underestimated. Women and infants are particularly lems as a result of radiation exposure. The United States at risk because they utilize far more traditional remedies began testing nuclear weapons in the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands following the end of World War II.
    [Show full text]
  • GMD Extended Test Range Staffing Draft
    Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD) Extended Test Range (ETR) Draft Environmental Impact Statement Volume 2 of 2: Chapters 4-Appendices January 2003 U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command P.O. Box 1500 Huntsville, Alabama 35807-3801 Ground-Based Midcourse Defense (GMD) Extended Test Range (ETR) Draft Environmental Impact Statement Volume 2 of 2 January 2003 Missile Defense Agency COVER SHEET DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT GROUND-BASED MIDCOURSE DEFENSE (GMD) EXTENDED TEST RANGE (ETR) a. Lead Agency: Missile Defense Organization b. Preparing Agency: U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command c. Cooperating Agencies: Federal Aviation Administration, Office of the Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation d. Proposed Action: Provide operationally realistic testing for GMD ETR. e. Affected Jurisdictions: Kodiak Launch Complex, Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska; Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, California; Reagan Test Site, United States Army Kwajalein Atoll; Pacific Missile Range Facility, Barking Sands, Kauai, Hawaii; Eareckson Air Station, Shemya Island, Alaska; Midway Atoll; King Salmon, Bristol Bay Borough, Alaska; Cordova, Valdez-Cordova Census Area, Alaska; Pillar Mountain, Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska; Pashagshak Point, Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska; Homer, Kenai Peninsula Borough, Alaska; Adak, Adak Island, Alaska; Pillar Point, San Mateo County, California; Wake Island, Oceania Atoll; Bremerton, Kitsap County, Washington; Pearl Harbor, Honolulu County, Hawaii; Port Hueneme/San Nicolas Island, Ventura County, California; Naval Station Everett, Snohomish County, Washington; Valdez, Valdez-Cordova Census Area, Alaska; Beale Air Force Base, Yuba County, California; Clear Air Force Station, Denali Borough, Alaska; f. Inquiries on this document may be directed to: U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command, ATTN: SMDC-EN-V (Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • Marshall Islands
    REPORT OF THE NORTHERN MARSHALL ISLANDS NATURAL DIVERSITY AND PROTECTED AREAS SURVEY 7-24 SEPTEMBER 1988 Lead Author and Compiler P.E.J. Thomas Contributors : F.R. Fosberg L.S. Hamilton D.R. Herbst J.O. Juvik J.E. Maragos J.J. Naughton C.F. Streck SPC 32384 Bibliotheque CPS South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, Noumea, New Caledonia East West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii March 1989. © Copyright South Pacific Commission, 1989 The South Pacific Commission authorises the reproduction of this material, whole or in part, in any form, provided appropriate acknowledgement is given. Original text: English South Pacific Commission Cataloguing-in-publication data Thomas, P.E.J. Report of the Northern Marshall Islands natural diversity and protected areas survey 7-24 September 1988 / lead author and compiler P.E.J. Thomas ... [et al.] 1. Conservation of natural resources - Marshall Islands 2. Natural areas - Marshall Islands 3. Endangered species - Marshall Islands I. Thomas, P.E.J. 639.9509683 AACR2 ISBN 982-203-036-3 Prepared for publication at South Pacific Commission Headquarters, Noumea, New Caledonia and Printed by Quality Print, Suva, Fiji (i) CONTENTS Page Executive Summary (v) Introduction 1 Acknowledgements 4 Part I Survey Results and Protected Area Recommendations 5 1. Survey Objectives, Personnel and Methodology 5 2. The Physical Geography and Natural History of the 8 Marshall Islands 2.1 Geography 8 2.2 Climate 10 2.3 Soils 11 2.4 Hydrology 12 2.5 Vegetation 12 2.6 Fauna 17 3. A Protected Area System for the Marshall Islands 18 3.1 General 18 3.2 Categories of Protected Areas 20 3.2.1 National Preservation Areas (Strict Reserves) 20 3.2.2 National Parks 20 3.2.3 Nature Reserves, Marine Reserves and Wildlife 21 Sanctuaries 3.2.4 Resource Conservation Area 21 3.2.5 Historic / Archaeological Reserves 21 3.3 Management Plans 21 3.4 Land Tenure and Protected Areas 22 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Marshall Islands Chronology 1944
    407787 DRAFT o Marshall Islands Chronology I 1944 to 1990 January 11, 1991 PWIFW HfM Prepared by: Ann C. Deines Dwid I. Goldman Ruth R Harris Laura J. Kens HISTORY ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED The Historic Montrose School 5721 Randolph Road Rockviile, Maryland 20852 Prepared for the U.S. Department of Eneqg Under Contract No. DE-AC(M -S7NW0594 DRAFT MARSHALL ISLANDS CHRONOLOGY TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION . HISTORICAL BACKGROUND . CHRONOLOGY . APPENDIX A- SECTIONS OF THE COFA . APPENDIX B-ABBREVIATIONS., . APPENDIX C- LISTOF GROUPS INVOLVED WITH MARSHALL ISIANDS DEVELOPMENT . ENDNOTES . LIST OF MAPS . DRAFT MARSHALL ISIANDS CHRONOLOGY INTRODUCTION This draft chronology presents the historid record of even relating to the Department of Energy/Energy Research and Development Admi istration/Atomic Energy Commission (DOE/ERDA/AEC) medical, environmental, and biological safety acttilties in the Marshall Islands from 1946 to 1990. Among the mi ones included are agreements between the Marshalkse and the United States, articularly those invotving the DOE and its predecessorrs; relocation and resettlem nt efforts; legal responsibilities assumed by the AEC, the ERDA and the DOE; admi istration of U.S. government activities in the islands; medid findings; environmental tudies; radiation safety criteria applied in the Marshalls and in the U.S.; and U. nuclear testing activities in the region. In order to facilitate use of the chronology by those interesl d in a particular aspect of developments in the Marshall Islands, we have assigned I~ ~ch entry one or more topical headings from the following Iisv ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT CIAIMS CONGRESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP CONTRACTOR LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY MEDICAL POLICY PLUTONIUM RADIATION RELOCATION WEAPON TESTING By selecting only those entries under a specific heading on{ follow more directly the story of any area of particular inter- such as the DOE Cal program, government policy, or legal responsibility.
    [Show full text]
  • Japanese Economic Exploitation of Central Pacific Seabird Populations, 1898–1915
    SPENNE1 Page 1 Wednesday, June 12, 2002 7:09 AM PACIFIC STUDIES Vol. 21, Nos. 1/2 March/June 1998 JAPANESE ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION OF CENTRAL PACIFIC SEABIRD POPULATIONS, 1898–1915 Dirk H. R. Spennemann The Johnstone Centre, Charles Sturt University Albury, Australia At the turn of the century, Japanese feather and plumage hunters visited most of the isolated, uninhabited atolls of the central Pacific Ocean. The seabird popu- lations of these atolls were decimated to supply exotic feathers for the millinery market to meet an increasing demand created by the European fashion industry. Drawing on scattered archival records, this article reviews the history and dimen- sions of the feather trade in the Central Pacific and describes the responses of the affected nations. The reduction of seabird populations is the subject of much discus- sion at present. The declines are caused by the destruction of breeding habitats on the one hand and the impact of longline fishing on the other (especially on albatrosses; see Brothers 1991; Alexander, Robertson, and Gales 1997). Resource exploitation and urban as well as recreational devel- opment have a corollary impact caused by careless and shortsighted resource management techniques. Yet, at the turn of the century the single most serious threat to the survival of these birds took the form of fashion. All through Europe, and later in the United States and Australia, women’s hats were adorned with exotic feathers. To satisfy demand for such feathers, plumage hunters increased the range of their activities and several Central Pacific islands were almost stripped bare of their bird populations.
    [Show full text]
  • No. 19 Check List of Atolls Issued by the PACIFIC SCIBJCE BOARD
    No. 19 Check List of Atolls Issued by THE PACIFIC SCIBJCE BOARD National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council Washington, I). C. CHECK LIST OF ATOLLS Com9iled for the Pacific Science Board by E. H. Bryan, Jr. The foll.ov~ingis a list of islands which are believed to qualify as "a:tolls," as defined at the Coral Atoll Symposium, held in Honolulu, T.H., in February 1951. ---.Included are non-elevated limestone structures with dry land, with or without a lagoon, and not associated olosely with high land. Excluded are elevated atolls (height more than about 25 feet above the sea), ~u~~n~atolls(without dry land), b~rrierreefs surrounding high islands (such as be Trulc group), and reef structures on fringing shelves or plat- forms adjacent to land masses (such as those on the Great Barrier Reef or to the north of western Java.) This list is believed to contain most of the reef structures vhich qualify as "atollsw in Pclpesia an6 Micronesia. The compiler is'less fa- mili.er vnth the reefs of other regions, and it is not unlikely that some "atolls" have been overlooked. Auditions and corrections are desired, and your help is solicited to make a future edition cf this list as complete as possible. A number of sugges-tions have been received from Dr. F.R.Fosberg, and his help is gratefully acltnowledged. Please send any data you may have to the vwiter at Bernice P. Bishop ~Jusewn, lIonclulu 17, I-Iawaii. Please in- clude the geographical coordinates of the reef, or reference to some chart or publication, from which its qualifications as an "atoll" may be verified.
    [Show full text]