Mount Everest

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What Is a Mountain? Have you ever climbed a really steep hill? A mountain is a very large, high and steep hill. As they are cold at the top, lots of mountains are covered in snow. The top of a mountain is called a ‘summit’ or a ‘peak’. There are mountains all around the world. Some well-known mountains are Ben Nevis in Scotland, Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and Mount Fuji in Japan. Today, we are going to find out about a famous mountain called Mount Everest. Where Is Mount Everest? Mount Everest is in Asia. The Himalayas Mount Everest is part of a group of mountains called the Himalayas. The Himalayas run through many countries, including India, Pakistan, China, Bhutan and Nepal. The three highest mountains in the world are all in the Himalayas. These mountains are called Mount Everest, K2 and Kanchenjunga. Wildlife There are lots of animals that live in the Himalayas although most of them live low down because it gets colder high up in the mountains. Some animals that can be found there are the snow leopard, the Bengal tiger and the one-horned rhino. Snow Leopard Yak Bengal Tiger Plants called lichen and moss grow higher up the mountains. Mount Everest Mount Everest is 8848 metres high. That's as high as 643 double-decker buses standing on top of each other! It is the highest mountain in the world. The Climate on Mount Everest Mountains are colder at their summits. The temperature on the summit of Mount Everest never goes above 0°C (32F). 0°C (32F) is so cold that water turns to ice at this temperature! Have you ever been somewhere really cold? What did you wear to try to keep warm? Climbing Mount Everest As the summit of Mount Everest is so high, it is difficult to breathe. This and the cold and snow make it a dangerous mountain to climb. However, every year many people still try to reach the top of the mountain. The first people to climb Mount Everest did so nearly 70 years ago. They were Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay from Nepal. Climbing Records • Junko Tabei from Japan was the first woman to reach the top of Mount Everest. • The youngest person to climb Mount Everest was Jordan Romero from the USA. He was 13 years old at the time. • In 2004, Moni Mulepati and Pem Dorjeee Sherpa from Nepal got married on Mount Everest. Talk Why do you think so many people want to climb About It Mount Everest when it is so dangerous? The Impact of Tourism Hundreds of people climb Mount Everest every year. Some of them leave rubbish like food wrappers, empty oxygen tanks and other climbing gear. Rubbish from many years ago is still on the mountain. One person called it ‘the world’s highest garbage dump’. There is a new law which says that each climber has to bring back at least 8kg of rubbish with them. It is weighed when the climber gets back down the mountain to make sure they have obeyed the law. Did You Know...? • People in Nepal call Mount Everest ‘Sagarmatha’, which means ‘goddess of the sky’. • Due to different sections of the Earth moving, scientists believe that Mount Everest is growing up to 6 centimetres each year! • It takes at least 40 days to climb Mount Everest. • It is difficult to breathe at the top of Mount Everest so climbers use oxygen tanks. .

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10 Interesting Facts About Mount Kilimanjaro

10 Interesting Facts About Mount Kilimanjaro 1) Mount Kilimanjaro is the tallest mountain in Africa, making it one of the seven summits. It very popular with both experienced hikers and first time adventurers because it is considered to be the easiest of the seven summits. Scaling the mountain requires no technical skills or equipment, such as rope, harness, crampons or ice axe. It is a hiking peak, not mountaineering. 2) Kilimanjaro is not only Africa’s tallest peak, but also the world’s tallest free standing mountain. The summit, named Uhuru Point, is 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) above sea level. While most high mountains are part of ranges, such as Mount Everest’s Himalayan Mountain Range, free standing mountains like Kilimanjaro are usually a result of volcanic activity. 3) Kilimanjaro lies just 205 miles from the equator, in the country of Tanzania. The equator is an imaginary line that divides the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere. When early explorers reported seeing glaciers on the top of Kilimanjaro, people did not believe them as they thought it was impossible for ice to form so close to the hot, equatorial sun. Scientists now believe that the glaciers shrink and then regrow during the planet’s ice ages. 4) The origin of the name Kilimanjaro is not certain. The most popular answer is that the name comes from the Swahili word “Kilima” (mountain) and the Chagga word “Njaro” (whiteness). Another possibility is that Kilimanjaro is the European pronunciation of a KiChagga phrase meaning “we failed to climb it.” 5) Now approximately 30,000 people climb Kilimanjaro every year.
Mount Kenya Kenya

MOUNT KENYA KENYA Mount Kenya (Kenya) 65 WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION - IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION MOUNT KENYA (KENYA) 1. DOCUMENTATION (i) IUCN/WCMC Data Sheet(9 references) (ii) Additional Literature Consulted: Kingdon, J. 1990. Island Africa. Collins; Ojany, F.F. et. al. 1991. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Ecology and Socio-Economy of Mount Kenya Area. 204p.; Bussmann, R.W. 1994. The Forests of Mount Kenya. PhD Dissertation. Bayreuth; Bussmann, R.W. 1996. Destruction and Management Kenya’s Forests. Ambio 25(5); Davis, S.D. et. al. 1994. Centres of Plant Diversity. Vol I. IUCN; Young, T. 1984. Kenya’s Indigenous Forests. WWF/IUCN. 41p.; Allan, I. ed. 1991. Guide to Mount Kenya. Mt. Club Kenya; Boy, G. and I. Allan. 1988. Snowcaps on the Equator Bodley Head; Amin, M. et. al. 1991. On God’s Mountain. Carnerapix; Coe, M. 1967. The Ecology of the Alpine Zone on Mount Kenya. Junk; Thorsell, J. 1997. Africa’s Mountain Parks and Reserves. h African Mountain Association Meeting Proceedings UNU. In Press; Hastenrath, S. 1984. The Glaciers of Equatorial East Africa. Reidel. 353p.; Wass, P. ed. 1995. Kenya’s Indigenous Forests. IUCN; Rheker, J.R. et. al. Bibliography of East African Mountains. 1989. Laikipia Report 13. University of Bern; Ojany, F. 1993. Mt. Kenya and its Environs: A Review of Interaction between Mountain and People in an Equatorial Setting. Mt. Res. and Devel. 13(3). (iii) Consultations: 5 external reviewers, Kenya Wildlife Service Officials, Forestry Department, University of Nairobi scientists. (iv) Field Visit: J. Thorsell, January, 1997 2. SUMMARY OF NATURAL VALUES Mount Kenya, 5,199m is the second highest peak in Africa.
5Th GRADE WEEKLY SCHEDULE

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Instructional Packet

5th5th GradeGrade Instructional Packet 7KLVERRNEHORQJVWR BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 7KLVSDFNHWLVFRPSOLPHQWVRI *HQHVHH,QWHUPHGLDWH6FKRRO'LVWULFW WRVXSSRUW\RXUOHDUQLQJDWKRPH %RDUGRI(GXFDWLRQ -HUU\*5DJVGDOH3UHVLGHQW 5LFKDUG(+LOO9LFH3UHVLGHQW -DPHV'$YHU\6HFUHWDU\ /DZUHQFH3)RUG7UHDVXUHU 7KH+RQRUDEOH-RKQ/&RQRYHU7UXVWHH 'U/LVD$+DJHO6XSHULQWHQGHQW :HVW0DSOH$YHQXH )OLQW0LFKLJDQ www.geneseeisd.org WK*UDGH :HHN 0DUFK 3OHDVHZRUNZLWK\RXUFKLOGWRFRPSOHWH WKHDFWLYLWLHVLQWKHSDFNHW <RXUFKLOGPD\GRWKHVHRQWKHLURZQRU \RXPD\VXSSRUWWKHPDVQHHGHG Going Up a Mountain Going Up a Mountain by ReadWorks Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world. It is located in the country of Nepal. It is 8,848 meters tall. This means it is just over five-and-a-half miles in height. Until 1953, nobody had successfully climbed Mount Everest, though many had tried. Mount Everest has steep slopes. Many climbers have slipped and fallen to their deaths. The mountain is very windy. Parts of it are covered with snow. Many mountaineers would get caught in snowstorms and be unable to climb. The mountain is rocky. Sometimes, during snowstorms, rocks would tumble down the slopes of the mountain. Any climbers trying to go up the mountain might be risking their lives. There is also very little oxygen atop Mount Everest. This is because the oxygen in the air reduces as we go higher. This means that it is difficult for climbers to breathe. The climbers usually take oxygen in cylinders to breathe. If they do take oxygen tanks, they have to carry extra weight on their backs. This slows them down. In 1953, a New Zealand-based climber, Edmund Hillary, and a Nepalese climber, Tenzing Norgay, climbed Mount Everest for the first time. They both took photographs on the peak.
Final Report

WORLD METEOROLOGICAL ORGANIZATION GLOBAL CRYOSPHERE WATCH REPORT No. 17 FINAL REPORT Tropical Regions Cryosphere Workshop Arusha, United Republic of Tanzania 4-6 July 2017 GCW Technical Report #17 (2017) © World Meteorological Organization, 2017 The right of publication in print, electronic and any other form and in any language is reserved by WMO. Short extracts from WMO publications may be reproduced without authorization, provided that the complete source is clearly indicated. Editorial correspondence and requests to publish, reproduce, or translate this publication in part or in whole should be addressed to: Chair, Publications Board World Meteorological Organization (WMO) 7 bis, avenue de la Paix Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 8403 P.O. Box 2300 Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 8040 CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] NOTE The designations employed in WMO publications and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WMO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WMO in preference to others of a similar nature which are not mentioned or advertised. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in WMO publications with named authors are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect those of WMO or its Members. - 1 - GROUP PHOTO Figure 1: Mount Kilimanjaro - 2 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The first session of the Global Cryosphere Watch (GCW) Tropical Regions Cryosphere Workshop opened at 09:00 hours on Tuesday, 04 July 2017.
Volcano Above Clouds

® Original broadcast: November 25, 2003 BEFORE WATCHING Volcano Above the Clouds 1Define the word “ecosystem” for your students. (An ecosystem comprises the interactions among PROGRAM OVERVIEW populations in a community and their physical surroundings.) Ask NOVA joins climbers scaling Mount students to provide examples of Kilimanjaro as they travel through local ecosystems. ecosystems ranging from a cloud 2 Have students locate Mount forest to a glaciated mountaintop. Kilimanjaro on a map. Ask students what they think the climate would The program: be like there. Do students think that • chronicles the quest of ecosystems would be different naturalist Robin Buxton, who between the base of the mountain and its peak? Assign students to was disabled by polio in take notes on the areas listed in the childhood, to reach the top of “Climbing Kilimanjaro” activity on Africa’s highest mountain. page 2. • features specially adapted plants that grow in cold and high altitudes. • describes the danger that Mount Kilimanjaro could suffer a AFTER WATCHING landslide, like Mount St. Helens in Washington, that triggers a 1 Group dynamics play an important catastrophic eruption. role in research expeditions. Ask • shows how scientists take temperature readings in the volcano’s students to give examples from the crater to help them predict how far below the surface the magma program of times when the group’s lies. ability to work together was impor- tant to reach its goal or to ensure • follows scientists as they search for the source of fresh water found the survival of group members. at the mountain’s base. (Examples may include times when • reveals how warm air from the volcano and global warming may the porters disagreed about how to be contributing to the evaporation of Mount Kilimanjaro’s glaciers, put up the tent, when the porters which could disappear within 20 years.
O Records of Sugar Biomarker and Diatoms

Quaternary Research (2021), 1–14 doi:10.1017/qua.2021.26 Research Article The Holocene lake-evaporation history of the afro-alpine Lake Garba Guracha in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, based on δ18O records of sugar biomarker and diatoms Lucas Bittnera,b* , Graciela Gil-Romerac,d, Dai Gradye, Henry F. Lambe,f, Eva Lorenza, Mikaela Weinerg, Hanno Meyerg, Tobias Brommb, Bruno Glaserb and Michael Zecha aHeisenberg Chair of Physical Geography with focus on paleoenvironmental research, Institute of Geography, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany; bInstitute of Agronomy and Nutritional Sciences, Soil Biogeochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06108 Halle (Saale), Germany; cDepartment of Ecology, Philipps-Marburg University, 35037 Marburg, Germany; dDepartment of Geo-environmental Processes and Global Change, Pyrenean Institute of Ecology, CSIC, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; eDepartment of Geography and Earth Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DB, UK; fDepartment of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland and gAlfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Polar Terrestrial Environmental Systems, TelegrafenbergA45, 14473 Potsdam, Germany Abstract In eastern Africa, there are few long, high-quality records of environmental change at high altitudes, inhibiting a broader understanding of regional climate change. We investigated a Holocene lacustrine sediment archive from Lake Garba Guracha, Bale Mountains, Ethiopia, (3,950 m asl), and reconstructed high-altitude lake evaporation history using δ18O records derived from the analysis of compound-specific δ18 δ18 ‰ ‰ sugar biomarkers and diatoms. The Odiatom and Ofuc records are clearly correlated and reveal similar ranges (7.9 and 7.1 , respec- tively). The lowest δ18O values occurred between 10–7 cal ka BP and were followed by a continuous shift towards more positive δ18O values.
Let's Go on Safari Amboseli Kenya

LET’S GO ON SAFARI AMBOSELI KENYA WITH MARINA CANO & MIKE FISHER April 2020 Amboseli National Park lies in the North West of Mt. Kilimanjaro, on the border with Tanzania, in Kenya. Crowned by Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest peak, the Amboseli National Parks is one of Kenya's most popular parks. The name "Amboseli" comes from a Maasai word meaning "salty dust", and it is one of the best places in Africa to view large herds of elephants up close. Nature lovers can explore five different habitats here ranging from the dried-up bed of Lake Amboseli, wetlands with Sulphur springs, the savannah and woodlands. ITINERARY On arrival you will be transferred to your Hotel Tamarind tree or to Wilson airport or your flight to Amboseli. www.tamarindtree-hotels.com Your trip starts in Nairobi. After breakfast you will be transferred to Wilson Airport 10 minutes’ drive from tamarind tree Hotel, your vehicle will leave early with luggage by road to Amboseli. Your safari vehicle will be waiting for you at the airstrip on arrival, which is located inside the park, you will do game drive on your way to the camp. You will have unlimited game drives, every day will be open for discussion in order to achieve our target. All meals included in the package, you will also have enough water all through, and there will be a cooler box/fridge which will keep water cold all day long. The camp’s food is international standard. Amboseli National Park lies in the North West of Mt. Kilimanjaro, on the border with Tanzania.
Climbing Mount Everest by Catherine Bevard

TABLTABLEE OFOF CCOONNTETENNtsts About Finish Line English Language Arts – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 5 UNIT 1: Key Ideas and Details in Literary Text 7 Lesson 1 RL.4.2 Determining the Theme of a Story or Play – – – – – – – – – 8 Lesson 2 RL.4.2 Determining the Theme of a Poem – – – – – – – – – – – – 16 Lesson 3 RL.4.3 Describing Characters in a Play – – – – – – – – – – – 23– – – Lesson 4 RL.4.3 Describing Settings and Events in a Story – – – – – – – 33– Lesson 5 RL.4.1 Drawing Inferences from Literary Texts – – – – – – – – – –40 Lesson 6 RL.4.2 Summarizing Literary Texts – – – – – – – – – – – – – 48– – UNIT 1 REVieW – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 56– – – UNIT 2: Key Ideas and Details in Informational Text 62 Lesson 7 RI.4.2 Determining Main Ideas and Details – – – – – – – – – – – – 63 Lesson 8 RI.4.3 Explaining Events and Concepts in Historical Texts – – – – 70 Lesson 9 RI.4.3 Explaining Events and Concepts in Scientific Texts – – – – 77 Lesson 10 RI.4.3 Explaining Events and Concepts in Technical Texts – – – – 87 Lesson 11 RI.4.1 Drawing Inferences in Informational Texts – – – – – – – – 95 Lesson 12 RI.4.2 Summarizing Informational Texts – – – – – – – – – – – – 103 UNIT 2 REVieW – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 111– – – UNIT 3: Craft and Structure in Literary Text 117 Lesson 13 RL.4.4 Determining the Meaning of Words and Phrases in Literary Texts – – – – – – – – – – – – – –118 – – Lesson 14 RL.4.5 Explaining Structural Elements of Poems – – – – – – – – – 127 Lesson 15 RL.4.5 Explaining Structural Elements of Plays –
4Th Grade AMI Work #8 Your Child Will Have 5 Days to Complete and Return This to His/Her Teacher to Get Credit for the Day

Name:______________________________________________________ Date:_____________ 4th Grade AMI Work #8 Your child will have 5 days to complete and return this to his/her teacher to get credit for the day. If you need more time, please let the teacher know. THEME: Extreme Settings Going Up a Mountain Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world. It is located in the country of Nepal. It is 8,848 meters tall. This means it is just over five-and-a-half miles in height. Until 1953, nobody had successfully climbed Mount Everest, though many had tried. Mount Everest has steep slopes. Many climbers have slipped and fallen to their deaths. The mountain is very windy. Parts of it are covered with snow. Many mountaineers would get caught in snowstorms and be unable to climb. The mountain is rocky. Sometimes, during snowstorms, rocks would tumble down the slopes of the mountain. Any climbers trying to go up the mountain might be risking their lives. There is also very little oxygen atop Mount Everest. This is because the oxygen in the air reduces as we go higher. This means that it is difficult for climbers to breathe. The climbers usually take oxygen in cylinders to breathe. If they do take oxygen tanks, they have to carry extra weight on their backs. This slows them down. In 1953, a New Zealand-based climber, Edmund Hillary, and a Nepalese climber, Tenzing Norgay, climbed Mount Everest for the first time. They both took photographs on the peak. They then buried some sweets on the peak, as a gesture to celebrate their climb.
Altitude Illness

Altitude Illness Traveler Summary Key Points Altitude illness occurs after rapid ascent to altitudes above 3,000 m (9,800 ft; due to decreased oxygen), such as flying from sea level to a high-altitude destination. Acclimatization generally occurs by itself, but the time required can be affected by speed of ascent, level of exertion, genetic predisposition, and underlying lung and heart function. Acclimatization rates in first-timers is unpredictable but previous altitude sickness is predictive of repeat problems. Altitude sickness comprises 3 syndromes: Acute mountain sickness (AMS; headache, loss of appetite/nausea/vomiting, fatigue) is most common. High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE; AMS symptoms plus more severe headache and changes in coordination and consciousness) High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE; AMS symptoms plus progressively worsening breathlessness on exertion and cough) Any suspected symptoms of HACE or HAPE require immediate descent until symptoms resolve because progression to death within hours is possible. Climb high, sleep low. No person exhibiting any symptoms should ascend to sleep at a higher altitude; aim instead to sleep at least 300 m (1,000 ft) below highest altitude achieved during the day. Persons who may benefit from acetazolamide include those who will ascend to over 2,800 m (9,200 ft) rapidly, those who will ascend to over 500 m (1,600 ft) per day when above 3,000 m, and those with altitude illness. Introduction The most serious disorder resulting from travel to high elevations is altitude illness. Minor disorders include periodic breathing, limb swelling, or high-altitude retina damage. Additionally, high altitude/elevation may have adverse effects on travelers with certain preexisting medical conditions, notably, heart, lung, nerve, blood, or hormone conditions.
CHARLES DOWNIE Dept. Geology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England

CHARLES DOWNIE Dept. Geology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England Glaciations of Mount Kilimanjaro, Northeast Tanganyika Abstract: On Kilimanjaro six glacial episodes are glacial features belong to the Fourth Glaciation recognized. At the principal volcanic center of which covered about 150 sq mi. The Little and Kibo these were interrupted by volcanic activity. Recent Glaciations are smaller in extent and post- The smaller volcanic center of Mavvenzi has been Pleistocene. The climatic pattern was probably extinct longer, and the glaciations have been super- similar at all times to that of today, and the thick- imposed. Shira, the lowest of the three volcanoes est and longest glaciers were generally always on in the group, has been only slightly affected by the south and west slopes. Comparison with other glaciation. The successive glacial episodes are glaciated regions in East Africa shows some sim- named the First, Second, Third, Fourth (Main), ilarities, and a similar sequence has been suggested Little, and Recent, of which the Third was the for the East African pluvial periods. most extensive; however, most of the obvious CONTENTS Introduction and acknowledgments 1 2. Details of the section in the Bastionsbach, south- Previous investigations 2 west of Kibo Peak, Mount Kilimanjaro, at Erosional features produced by the glaciers ... 3 13,100 feet showing the moraine of the Depositional features produced by the glaciers . 4 Second Glaciation ........... 8 Relationships between volcanic activity and ice cover 5 Plate Facing Sequence of glaciations on Kibo 6 1. Kibo Peak, Mount Kilimanjaro from the north- Sequence of glaciations on Mawenzi 10 west ................ 6 Sequence of glaciations on Shira 11 2.