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Milestones & Waymarkers MILESTONES & WAYMARKERS The Journal of the Milestone Society incorporating On the Ground Volume Seven 2014 ISSN. 1479-5167 FREE TO MEMBERS OF THE MILESTONE SOCIETY MILESTONES & WAYMARKERS incorporating On the Ground Volume Seven 2014 MILESTONES & WAYMARKERS The Journal of the Milestone Society incorporating On the Ground Volume Seven 2014 The Milestone Society—Registered Charity No 1105688 ISSN 1479-5167 PRODUCTION TEAM John V Nicholls, 220 Woodland Avenue, Hutton, BRENTWOOD, Essex, CM13 1DA Email: [email protected] Supported by the Editorial Panel of Carol Haines, Mike Hallett, Keith Lawrence and David Viner MAIN CONTENTS INTRODUCTION This latest issue of one of the Society’s two principal Emergency Powers and the Milestones 3 publications in print marks ten years of publishing this A Cheshire milepost 6 Journal, now firmly established as an annual publication It happened at the milestone 7 and permanent place of record, especially as since 2011 The A34 – A Tribute to Ogilby? 11 it has incorporated the valuable On The Ground section, From the Archives previously published separately. Lost mileposts of the Middx & Essex Turnpike 12 Its seven issues between 2004 and 2010 together On the Ground 13 with seven issues of Milestones & Waymarkers since Scotland 2004 represents a significant archive, especially when 20 taken together with the Society’s six-monthly Newslet- ‘Crossing the Pennines’ Heritage Trail 21 ter, which by the turn of 2014/15 will have published 28 Milestones from Overseas issues since the very early days of the Society in 2001. Sri Lanka, Malta, New Zealand 22 Much has changed over that period, not least the Book Review: Moving Miles 26 growing use of the website to share new information and The Roehampton Mounting Block and ‘Milestone’ 27 increasingly to record activities. The Editorial Panel Modelling the Roehampton mounting block 33 endeavours to encourage all these forms of publication A new milestone for Bucklebury, West Berkshire and is always looking for good-quality reports and 34 articles as well as short write-ups, and appeals again for The history and restoration of Desborough Cross 35 contributions. A good flow of material has been very One Hundred Years On... welcome in recent years, which we hope will encourage Waymarkers with World War One Connections 37 others to join in. Support and advice is all part of the Wayside Stones at Alderley Edge, Cheshire 39 offer! Marking the Bounds Looking back it is interesting how wide a range of Brighton and Hove - A Boundary Stone Tour 48 material has appeared in these pages, testament to the A new Boundary Stone for Penzance Society’s own growing confidence and interpretation of 49 waymarkers in all their forms, as well as its core com- Presentation of the 2014 Terry Keegan Award 50 mitment to the physical evidence of the turnpike age. From the Archives: A First World War postcard 50 Articles in this issue reflect that, such as the research The Story of Beyond Graffiti 51 study at Alderley Edge and the Roehampton stone, a Feedback and Updates 53 significant survivor. More is always welcome, such as studies of individu- al routes, short as well as long (the A34 is currently a topic in focus), good old-fashioned accounts of runs of milestones and posts, especially where there is current Cover Picture: This milestone, located in Victoria Park, preservation activity, and analyses of the success or Widnes, Lancs was damaged by a bomb dropped from otherwise of individual routes (perhaps local to you) as Zeppelin L61 on 12 April 1916. 2014 commemorates part of the highways network. Feedback on what has the 100th anniversary of the outbreak of The Great War gone before is always welcome too, an indicator of a and there are a number of waymarkers showing various healthy dialogue. JVN & DV ways of memorialising the war. Pages 37-38 in this issue show three examples. MILESTONES & WAYMARKERS is produced by the Milestone Society for its members and for all supporters of its Aims & Objectives . Opinions and state- ments expressed in this publication are those of the editors and contributing individuals and are not necessarily those of the Milestone Society, its executive committee or general membership. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, by any means, without the prior permis- sion of the author and copyright holder. Any information subsequently used must credit both the author and MILESTONES & WAY MARKERS. MILESTONES & WAYMARKERS incorporating On the Ground 2 Volume Seven 2014 Emergency Powers and the Milestones Keith Lawrence he Emergency Powers (Defence) Act of the 23rd been done in certain parts of Switzerland, a neutral T August 1939 enabled the government to control country. There was a concern for motorists, especially many aspects of the country by creating a series of after dark, but there was also a more pointed comment Defence Regulations and Orders. This Act was similar in that no one should be undertaking pleasure trips. It was a intent to the Defence of the Realm Act (DORA) intro- general consensus that business drivers probably trav- duced on the 8th August 1914, at the beginning of the elled along routes that they knew very well. Anyone who Great War. DORA had given the government a taste for did get lost could always ask the way – “this would be control which they had applied during National Emer- barred to an enemy who had seized a car, unless he gencies. DORA was never used against milestones and spoke perfect English. Otherwise his foreign accent guideposts but it gave birth to the 1939 Act that subse- would arouse suspicion.” The immediate target of the quently caused much destruction and loss of stones proposed actions was German parachutists, as “even under the Removal of Direction Signs Order (30th May with a map they would still need the signposts to find 1940). This article tells the story of the Order from the their way.” There was a marked similarity in the newspa- announcement in the National Press to the reports in the per articles from places as far apart as Hull and Glouces- Regional and Local Press. There is editorial comment ter with the same phrases being used just in a different about the need to remove guideposts in the weeks lead- order. Indeed the Gloucester Echo and the Gloucester ing up to the announcement of the Order, a consideration Citizen ran word identical articles, one as a news story of the reasons behind the timing of the Order and com- the other an editorial comment. These articles were part ment from around the country. of a softening up of the population to make them aware of the possibility of invasion as a consequence of the The Removal of Direction Signs Order 1940, made way the War had been going in Europe. under Defence Regulation 4B, required the removal or obliteration of all direction signs which could be seen Figure 1. Sir John Reith. Minister of Transport. and understood from a highway, except such as are Ex Director General of the BBC. exempted from the Order by a chief officer of police. It The Ministry of Transport ordered the removal of all is for chief officers of police to decide whether proceed- direction signs starting on Wednesday 29th May 1940. ings should be taken in any particular case where a sign However the order cannot have come as a surprise to the is displayed in contravention of the Order, and in addi- local authorities as it was reported that the work in tion to taking proceedings the police may themselves obliterate, remove, or conceal any such sign. The maxi- mum fine for contravention of the Order is £100 on summary conviction and £500 on conviction on indict- ment. This Order was to prevent the signs from being of value to an invading army. The date of the Order has to be seen against an histor- ic backdrop. The Dunkirk evacuation (Operation Dyna- mo) started on the 27th May through until the 4th June 1940. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) had been defeated in France and the survivors had retreated to Dunkirk to be evacuated. The BEF lost nearly 70,000 men with some 330,000 repatriated over the nine day period. However it was the soldiers who came home; their equipment, over 2,000 field guns and half a million tonnes of supplies, remained behind in enemy hands. The danger of invasion of England by Germany was very real in the mind of the politicians and military planners, even though the British navy and air force were still potent entities. It is no surprise that the Removal of Direction Sign Order was announced on the 30th May - especially as during the first few days of the evacuation relatively few men had been returned to Blighty. Indeed the Daily Express headline for Friday 31st May 1940 was Oxfordshire had been completed by the next day. This TENS OF THOUSANDS SAFELY HOME ALREADY was the day that Sir John Reith, Transport Minister, had with subheadings Many more coming by day and night officially announced the signpost removal on the floor of and SHIPS OF ALL SIZES DARE THE GERMAN the House of Commons – see Figure 1. In an answer to a GUNS. The other story sharing the front page was question by Mr Hammersley as to “whether he will give entitled ‘Signposts to be removed.’ instructions for the removal of sign-posts and direction indications”, Sir John just stated that the instructions had The removal of signposts was being discussed in been given and the work was put in hand on the 29th th local papers from as early as the 25 May as had already May.
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