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Floods of December 1955-January 1956 in Far-Western States

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Floods of December 1955-January 1956 in Far-Western States UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fred A. Seaton, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 380 FLOODS OF DECEMBER 1955-JANUARY 1956 IN FAR-WESTERN STATES PEAK DISCHARGES Prepared by Water Resources Division Surface Water Branch Washington, D. C,, 1956 Free on application to the Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C. FLOODS OF DECEMBER 1955-JANUARY 1956 IN FAR-WESTERN STATES PEAK DISCHARGES Prepared by Water Resources Division Surface Water Branch Record-breaking floods occurred in California, the western parts of Nevada, Oregon, and Idaho, and scattered basins in southern Washington during the last part of December 1955 and in January 1956. Areas experiencing major flooding are shown on the map, page 2. Flood descriptions, by States, are briefly as follows: California. An area extending from the southern end of the Central Valley northward along the coast and inland to Nevada was flooded between December 18 and 26, following a succession of severe rainstorms. Rain extending into areas of unusually high elevation caused melting of snow in areas of low elevation. Flood volumes as well as peak discharges were high. Moderate floods occurred during the period January 14-16 in the northern part of the State and about January 2,5 in the southern part. A few flood psaks exceeded those of December, but at most places the floods were not excessive. Nevada. Floods in the Sierra Nevada region occurred about December 23, owing to heavy rains extending into areas of high altitude. High discharges were experienced in the Carson, Truckee, and Walker River basins. January storms extended into the Humboldt and other basins, but flood peaks were not record breaking. Oregon. Heavy rains and warm weather caused severe floods between December 21-23 and again on December 26. Floods were most severe in southwestern Oregon, where discharges were record high, and northwestern Oregon, where discharges were of record or near-record magnitude. Other floods occurred about January 4, 15, and 22, some of which were in eastern Oregon in areas which had largely escaped the floods of December. Washington. Flooding was general in the southern and southeastern parts of the State December 21-26 but was not record breaking although the runoff was very high. Little flooding occurred during January. Idaho. Unusual floods in western-central Idaho occurred on December 22-23 owing to havy rains which followed snow and were accompanied by unseasonably high temperatures. Highest floods occurred in Payette and Weiser River basins. During January, streams in southern Idaho were at high levels. Peak discharges that occurred in the flood areas are presented in the following table. The Geological Survey will publish a comprehensive report of the floods at a later date. Information presented in the following table is (l) a location number, for use with map on page 2; (2) name of stream and place of determination of discharge; (3) drainage area, where known; (4) period during which a systematic and continuous record of stage and discharge has been kept; (5) the maximum discharge previously recorded; and (6) for the December 1955-January 1956 floods, the day of the peak, the peak stage, and the peak discharge and peak discharge per square mile. Maximum discharges were determined by means of current-meter measurements, by an extension of stage-discharge rating curves, or by slope-area, contracted-opening, flow over dam, or other indirect methods. Indirect measure­ ments, based on field surveys made after the floods, were made by personnel of the Geological Survey assisted by employees of the States, the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, and the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation. This tabulation of maximum discharges of the floods of Dscember 1955-January 1956 was prepared by the staff of the Surface Water Branch, Water Resources Division, U. S. Geological Survey, under the general direction of Tate Dalrymple, chief, Technical Standards Section. Most of the basic data were collected in financial cooperation with public agencies, under the direction of the following Survey district engineers: California, R» C. Briggs; Nevada, M. T. Wilson; Oregon, K. N. Phillips; Washington, F. M. Veatch; and Idaho, T. R. Newell. Fieldwork and processing of data were supervised by Walter Hofmann, area staff engineer. During the floods, hydraulic engineers from all sections of the country were detailed to the flooded area to assist in gathering data. 1 12CT 45 40" - EXPLANATION Approximate limit of savors flooding Map of the area of severe flooding December 1955-January 1956, showing general location of peak stage and discharge sites. Maximum stages and discharges on streams in far-Western States Maximum Maximum December 1955 -January 1956 Drainage area Discharge No. Period of record previously Day Stage Stream and place of determination (square recorded (feet) miles) Cfs per (cfs) Cfs sq mi Walker Lake Basin 1 13.6 1953-68 Dec. 23 5.95 691 54.8 3 Swager Creek near Bridgeport, Calif 53.0 1953-56 Dec. 23 6.24 585 11.0 3 1,400 Dec. 23\ 6.87 1,640 4 63 660 Dec. 23 2.80 *765 12.1 5 182 6,220 Dec. 23 7.41 5,180 28.5 6 964 2,530 7.42 2,450 2.54 Humboldt-Carson Sink Basin 7 MarklerarUle Creek above Grover Hot Springs, near Markleeville, Calif - 14 1946-56- 1,740 7.36 900 64.3 8 344 1890-93; 1900-06; 1908- 12,100 Dec. 23 11.88 17,600 51.2 10; 1917; 1924-29; 1935-37; 1939-56 9 West Fork Carson River at Woodfords, Calif 66 1900-07; 1910-11; 1938- 4,730 Dec. 23 8.86 4,810 72.9 56 10 876 15,500 Dec. 23 15.0 30,000 34.2 Pyramid and Winnemucca Lakes Basin 11 b565 6,480 Dec. 23 7.92 a7,010 15.2 66 " ' 12 b940 °17,500 Dec. 23 14,400 1S.3 13 b1.070 19,900 Dec. 23 13.63 20,800 19.5 Black Rock Desert Basin 14 940 Jan. 15 8.52 1,380 Honey Lake Basin 15 192 1917-21; 1950-56 ,2,590'. Dec. 23 6.58 3,540 18.4 16 Willow Creek near Susanville, Calif 92.5 1950-56 626 Dec. 23 5.36 712 7.70 17 22.6 154 Dec. 23 3.96 169 7.48 Earner Lakes Basin 18 d!94 3,000 Dec. 23 14.8 ^,320 17.1 44; 1945-55 19 63 1912-14; 1944-56 - 660 Dec. 22 5.15 ai,630 25.9 20 47 1915; 1922-23; 1944-56- 866 Dec. 23 3.93 1,100 23.4 21 249 1922-23; 1929-56 - 5,030 Dec. 23 7.2 a4,540 18.2 Abert Lake Basin 22 Chewaucan River above Conn ditch, near Paisley, Oreg 275 1912-21; 1924-56 \.000 Dec. 22 7.8 a3,260 11.9 Silver Lake Basin a970 23 221 1,800 Dec. 22 7.4 4.39 Arroyo De La Cruz Basin 24 Arroyo de la Cruz near San Simeon, Calif 41.4 11,600 Dec. 23 12.40 17,700 428 25 46.9 7,000 Dec. 23 11,05 5,220 111 Carmel River Basin 26 188 Dec. 23 6,930 36.9 Salinas River Basin 27 72.5 Jan. 25 10.65 4,090 56.4 28 Salinas River above Pilitas Creek, near Santa Margarita, Calif 112 1942-56- e2,200 Jan. 27 2.90 6625 5.58 29 25.4 Jan. 25 9.56 5,040 198 30 S14,200 Jan. 25 16.73 S12,000 30.8 31 Jan. 25 3.92 1,310 32 140 24.63 30,300 216 33 Naclraiento River near San Miguel, Calif 354 53,100 Dec. 23 13.15 58,600 166 34 Dec. 23 5.84 14,500 51.4 35 Dec. 24 12.01 625,000 9.91 36 3,100 11.8 37 f Dec. 23 14.30 27,700 115 38 Dec. 25 24.52 S23,600 5.58 Pa^aro River Basin 39 Dec. 23 18.6 S12,600 86.3 40 Dec. 23 3.39 363 18.5 41 Dec. 23 14.3 10,300 341 42 San Benito River below MaCoy Creek near Hernandez, Calif 108 Dec. 24 3,140 29.1 43 San Benito Xiver near Willow Creek School, Calif 250 1939-56 6,200 Dec. 23 6.00 3,790 15.2 44 Tres Pinos Greek near Tres Pinos, Calif 209 1940-56 8,060 Dec. 23 6.90 4,750 22.7 SeeBfootnotes at end of table, page 15, Maximum stages and discharges on streams in far-Western States Continued Drainage Maximum Maximum December 1955-January 1956 area Discharge ( square Period of record previously Day Stage No. Stream and place 'of determination recorded (feet) miles) Cfs Cfs per (cfs) oq mi Pajaro River Basin Continued 45 586 5,490 Dec. 24 12.55 7,460 12.7 46 1,188 11,100 Dec. 24 32.46 24,000 20.2 47 3,820 134 Soquel Crsek Basin 48 4,910 Dec. 23 22.33 15,800 391 San Lorenzo River Basin 49 110 24,000 Dec. 23 22.55 30,400 276 50 115 f9,400 Dec. 23 23.10 30,400 264 51 18.5 1940-43; 1952-56 3,910 Dec. 22 22.04 8,100 438 Scott Creek Basin 52 13.6 Dec. 23 6,430 473 Pescadero Creek Basin 53 Pescadero Creek near Pescadero, Calif 46.2 1951-56 0,440 Dec. 23 21.27 9,420 204 Purisima Creek Basin 54 683 112 San Francisquito Creek Basin 55 35.7 e3,650 Dec.
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