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Seasonal Incidence of Major Insect and Mite Pests of Jasmine

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Seasonal Incidence of Major Insect and Mite Pests of Jasmine Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 5060-5070 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 5060-5070 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.610.480 Seasonal Incidence of Major Insect and Mite Pests of Jasmine C. M. Kiran1, Jayalaxmi Narayan Hegde2*, A. K. Chakravarthy3, D. Thippesha2 and C. M. Kalleshwarswamy2 1Department of Agricultural Entomology, UAHS, Shivamogga 2University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Navile, Shivamogga, Karnataka, India 3Indian Institute of Horticultural Research Station, Hessaraghatta, Bangalore, Karnataka, India *Corresponding author ABSTRACT Investigation on Seasonal incidence of major insect and mite pests of jasmine was K e yw or ds carried out at College of Agriculture, Navile, UAHS, Shivamogga during 2016-17. Jasmine, insect and mite pest, Elasmopalpus During the study, thirteen species of insect and mite pests were found damaging jasminophagus, the jasmine crop. Among them, bud borers, Elasmopalpus jasminophagus Hendecasis (Hampson) and Hendecasis duplifascialis (Hampson), leaf web worm, Nausinoe duplifascialis, Nausinoe geometrialis, Thrips, geometrialis (Guenee) was found to feed on leaves. Red spider mite, Tetanychus Tetranychus sp., sp. and thrips were found to suck the sap from jasmine leaves. Out of these insect seasonal incidence and mite pests, banana flower thrips, Thrips florum is the first report infesting Article Info jasmine from India. Bud borer, E. jasminophagus was predominant pest with a Accepted: maximum incidence of 38.85 per cent affected buds during first fortnight of 30 August 2017 January. Incidence of bud borer, E. jasminophagus was significant and negatively Available Online: correlated with minimum temperature, while maximum temperature was non- 10 October 2017 significant and positively correlated. Introduction Jasmine is considered as the "Queen of jasmine flower in 6,600 ha (Anon., 2014). fragrance" which belongs to the family India exports jasmine flowers to the Oleaceae. The genus Jasminum comprises of neighbouring countries like Sri Lanka, more than 200 species and is mostly tropical Singapore, Malaysia and Gulf. In South India, in distribution (Abdul Khader and Kumar, large quantities of jasmine flowers are used 1995). It is exquisitely scented to soothe and by women folk for adorning their hairs. The refresh, and is one of the oldest fragrant flowers are also used for the production of flowers cultivated by man. Jasmine flower is perfumes and attars (Arumugam et al., 2002). native to India cultivated in 12,250 ha with a production of 65,230 tonnes of loose flowers Jasmine is affected by various insects, mites, and 1,700 tonnes of cut flowers. Karnataka is diseases, and nematodes which pose serious the highest producer of jasmine flowers and threat to jasmine cultivation. Among the during the year 2014 produced 43,600 MT of insect pests, bud borer, Hendecasis 5060 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 5060-5070 duplifascialis (Hampson) (Crambidae; Bud borer, Elasmopalpus jasminophagus Lepidoptera); bud borer/ gallery worm (Hampson) Elasmopalpus jasminophagus (Hampson); (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera); and leaf web-worm, Total number of buds and number of buds Nausinoe geometralis (Guenee), (Crambidae; affected were recorded in 5 randomly selected Lepidoptera), thrips, Isoneurothrips orientalis shoots. The extent of damage was expressed (Bagn.) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae); and mites in per cent affected buds. (Tetranychidae: Acarina) cause major damage (David, 1958). Number of buds affected Per cent affected buds = ------------------ x 100 The mean number of population of gallery Total number of buds worm, Elasmopalpus jasminophagus on jasmine was 21.58 larvae per 25 clusters Bud borer, Hendecasis duplifascialis (Roopini, 2016). The incidence of bud borer, (Hampson) H. dulifascilalis was maximum during second fortnight of February with 31.94 per cent bud Total number of buds and number of bored damage (Neelima, 2005). Gunasekaran (1989) buds were recorded in 5 randomly selected reported that the incidence of leaf web worm, shoots. The extent of damage was expressed N. geometralis was maximum during in per cent bored buds. November with 12.70 per cent. Sudhir (2002) noticed that the population of Tetranychus Number of buds with bore holes urticae Koch. ranged from 8.19 to 16.86 per Per cent bored buds = --------------------- x 100 leaf on J. sambac. Neelima (2005) reported Total number of buds that maximum population of thrips, Isothrips orientalis noticed during second fortnight of Leaf web worm, Nausinoe geometrialis April with an incidence of 196 thrips per (Guenee) twenty leaves. The present investigation was carried out to study the diffident insect and Total number of webbings made by the larvae mite pests damaging the jasmine crop in were counted and expressed as number of Shivamogga, and their seasonal incidence. webs per plant. Materials and Methods Red spider mite, Tetranychus sp. Field study was carried out in jasmine plots of Total number of mites present on apical three the Department of Horticulture, College of leaves of plant were counted under Agriculture, Navile, UAHS, Shivamogga. All microscope and expressed as number of mites recommended cultivation practices as per the per leaf. package of practices were followed except plant protection measures. Thrips To study the seasonal incidence, ten jasmine Three flower clusters one from the bottom, plants were selected randomly and tagged. one from middle and one from the top canopy From such tagged plants fortnightly were selected and beaten against white observations were taken from February 2016 cardboard sheet and the thrips collected were to January 2017. The methodologies followed counted. The incidence of thrips was to record the incidence of different pests of expressed as number of thrips per flower jasmine are given below (Sudhir, 2002). cluster. 5061 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 5060-5070 Statistical analysis banana flower thrips, Thrips florum is the first report infesting jasmine from India (Table 1). Results obtained during the study of seasonal incidence of insect and mite pests of jasmine Among them bud borer, Elasmopalpus were correlated and regressed with various jasminophagus (Hampson) and bud borer, weather parameters. The weather conditions Hendecasis duplifascialis (Hampson) leaf recorded at the experimental site were web worm, Nausinoe geometrialis (Guenee), obtained from meteorological observatory of sucking pests include red spider mite, College of Agriculture, Navile, UAHS, Tetanychus sp., and thrips, banana flower Shivamogga. thrips, Thrips florum Schmutz, star jasmine thrips, Thrips orientalis (Bagnall), jamine leaf Results and Discussion thrips, Bathrips jasminae Ananthakrishnan, panicle thrips, Haplothrips ganglbaueri During the study period, thirteen species of Schmutz were found to be major pests insect and mite pests were recorded to be infesting jasmine. infesting jasmine crop. Bud borer, Elasmopalpus jasminophagus (Hampson) and The mean of fortnightly observations on bud borer, Hendecasis duplifascialis seasonal incidence of these five major pests of (Hampson) both were found to feed on flower jasmine are presented in the Table 2 and buds. Leaf web worm, Nausinoe geometrialis graphically represented in Fig 1. The (Guenee) and Nausinoe perspectata incidence major insect and mite pests of (Fabricius) were found to feed on leaves by jasmine was correlated with weather webbing the leaves. Sucking pests include red parameters like maximum temperature, spider mite, Tetanychus sp. sucked the sap minimum temperature, morning relative from leaves, banana flower thrips, Thrips humidity, evening relative humidity and florum Schmutz, star jasmine thrips, Thrips rainfall during February 2016 to January 2017 orientalis (Bagnall) sucked the sap from (Table 3). flower buds and leaves, jamine leaf thrips, Bathrips jasminae Ananthakrishnan sucked Bud borer/ Gallery worm, Elasmopalpus the sap from the leaves, panicle thrips, jasminophagus Haplothrips ganglbaueri Schmutz, sucked the sap from bud and leaves, jasmine whitefly, The prevalence of bud borer, E. Kanakarajiella vulgaris (Singh) and jasminophagus was there throughout the year. Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) were found Peak occurrence of this bud borer was found to suck the sap from the under surface of the during the first fortnight of January (38.85 % leaves, brown spotted stink bug, Antestiopsis affected buds). Minimum occurrence was cruciate (Fabricius) sucked the sap from buds found during the second fortnight of April and leaves, tinged bug Corythanma ayyari (7.54 % affected buds) (Table 1). Drake sucked sap from leaves. Thrips species B. jasminae, T. orientalis and H. ganglbaueri Minimum temperature (r= - 0.461) was were recorded on Jasminum sambac whereas significant and negatively correlated with the B. jasminae and T. florum were recorded to be occurrence of bud borer while maximum infesting Jasminum multiflorum. Jasmine temperature (r= 0.176) was non-significant whitefly, Kanakarajiella vulgaris (Singh) and and positively correlated. All the other Aleuroclava jasmini (Takahashi) were found weather parameters viz., evening relative to infest J. sambac. Among these pests, humidity (r= - 0.372), morning relative 5062 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2017) 6(10): 5060-5070 humidity (r= - 0.350) and rainfall (r= -0.327) Minimum temperature (r = -0.461) was were
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