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Crop and Stored Grain Pest and Their Management. (ENTO-4311)

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Lec. 1(p.1 – 2): Introduction of Economic Entomology and Economic Classification of Insect Pests Lec. 2-5 (p.3- 15) Rice: Yellow stem borer, gallmidge, brown planthopper, green leafhopper, hispa, leaf folder, ear head bug, grasshoppers, root weevil, swarming caterpillar, climbing cutworm, case worm, whorl maggot, leaf mite, panicle mite, IPM practices in rice. Lec. 6-8 (p.16- 25) Sorghum and other millets: Sorghum shoot fly, stem borer, pink borer, sorghum midge, ear head bug, red hairy caterpillar, deccan wingless grasshopper, aphids, maize shoot bug, flea beetle, blister beetles, ragi cutworm, ragi root aphid, army worm. Wheat: Ghujia weevil, ragi pink borer, termites. Lec. 9-11 (p. 26- 33) Sugarcane: Early shoot borer, internodal borer, top shoot borer, scales, leafhoppers, white grub, mealy bugs, termites, whiteflies, woolly aphid, yellow mite. Lec 12- 14 (p.34- 47) Cotton: Spotted bollworm, american bollworm, pink bollworm, tobacco caterpillar, leafhopper, whiteflies, aphid, mites , thrips, red cotton bug, dusky cotton bug, leaf roller, stem weevil, grasshoppers, mealybug, IPM in cotton. Lec. 15 (p.48 - 51) Jute: jute semilooper, jute stem weevil, jute stem girdler, Bihar hairy caterpillar Mesta: Hairy caterpillars, stem weevil, mealy bugs, leafhopper, aphid. Sunhemp: Hairy caterpillars, stem borer, flea beetle. Lec. 16-17 (p.52- 59) Pulses: Gram caterpillar, plume moth, pod fly, stem fly, spotted pod borer, cowpea aphid, cow bug, pod bug, leafhopper, stink bug, green pod boring caterpillar, blue butterflies, redgram mite. Pea: pea leaf miner and pea stem fly Soyabean: Stem fly, ragi cutworm, leaf miner, whitefly. Lec. 18 (p.60- 63) Castor: Semilooper, shoot and capsule borer, tobacco caterpillar, leafhopper, butterfly, whitefly, thrips, castor slug, mite. Lec 19 (p.64- 68) Ground nut: White grub, leaf miner, red hairy caterpillar, tobacco caterpillar, leafhopper, thrips, aphid, pod bug, jewel beetle. Lec. 20 (p.69- 71) Sesamum: Leaf and pod borer, gall fly, sphinx caterpillar. Safflower: Aphids, leaf eating caterpillars. Lec. 21(p.72- 75) Mustard: Aphid, saw fly, diamond back moth, painted bug. Sunflower: Helicoverpa and Spodoptera, leafhopper, Bihar hairy caterpillar, thrips. Lec. 22 (p.76- 80) Brinjal: Epilachna beetle, shoot and fruit borer, stem borer, mealy bug, aphid, leafhopper, lacewing bug, leaf webber and red spider mite. Lec. 23 (p.81- 83) Bhendi: Shoot and fruit borer, leafhopper and whitefl y, spider mite Tomato: Serpentine leaf miner, fruit borer, whitefly Lec. 24 (p.84- 87) Cucurbits: Fruitflies, pumpkin beetles, semilooper, serpentine leaf miner, pumpkin leaf eating caterpillar, Coccinia: Coccinia gall fly and aphids. Lec. 25 (p.88- 91) Crucifers: Diamond back moth, cabbage hea d borer, leaf webber, aphid, painted bug, tobacco caterpillar, cabbage butterfly, IPM practices Lec. 26 (p.92- 95) Potato: Tuber moth. Sweet potato: Sweet potato weevil, hairy caterpillar, tortoise beetle. Moringa: Hairy caterpillar, budworm. Lec. 27 (p.96- 99) Chillies: Thrips, pod borers, aphid, mites, blossom midge Amaranthus: Leaf eating caterpillar, stem weevil. Lec. 28 – 29 (p.100- 106) Mango: Leafhoppers, stem borer, nut weevil, fruitfly, shoot borer, fruit borer, mealy bug, aphids, leaf webber, termites, thrips, red tree ant, leaf gallmidges, red spider mite. Lec. 30 (p.107- 111) Citrus: Butterfly, fruit sucking moths, leaf miner, psylla , rust mite, bark eating caterpillar, blackfly, leaf mite. Lec. 31 (p.112- 115) Grapevine: Flea beetle, thrips, mealy bug, stem girdler, stem borer, leaf eating caterpillars, root grub. Lec. 32(p.116- 118) Cashew: Tree borer, shoot and blossom webber, tea mosquito bug, thrips, leaf miner Lec. 33(P.119- 122) Pomegranate: Butterfly, thrips, fruit sucking moths. Guava: Tea mosquito bug, mealy bug, fruitflies, spiraling whitefly. Lec. 34(P.123- 125) Sapota: Leaf webber, parijatha hairy caterpillar, mealy bugs. Ber: Fruitfly, fruit borer, fruit weevil Lec. 35(P.126- 129) Banana: Rhizome weevil, skipper, aphid, pseudostem weevil, Apple: Woolly aphid, Codling moth Custard apple: Mealy bug Lec. 36(P.130- 135) Coconut: Black headed caterpillar , rhinoceros beetle, red palm weevil, slug, termites, scale, mite. Lec. 37(P.136- 138) Tobacco: Tobacco caterpillar, aphid, whitefly, stem borer. Lec. 38(P.139- 141) Coffee: White borer, red borer, green scale Tea: Tea mosquito bug, thrips, red spider mite, pink mite, purple mite and scarlet mite Lec. 39 (P.142) Turmeric and ginger: Rhizome fly, Lace wing bug. Lec. 40 (P.143) Betelvine: Shoot bug, tobacco caterpillar Lec. 41 (P.144- 145) Onion: Thrips, Spodoptera exigua Coriander: Aphids, leaf eating caterpillar. Lec. 42 (P.146- 147) Rose: Thrips, scales, leaf eating caterpillars, chafer beetles. Jasmine: Stink bug, bud worm , gall mite. Chrysanthemum: Aphid. Lec. 43-44 (p.148 - 156): Stored grain: Rice weevil, lesser grain borer, khapra beetle, pulse beetle, groundnut bruchid, flour beetles, saw-toothed beetle, cigarette beetle, angoumois grain moth, rice moth , preventive and curative methods of management Lec. 45 (p.157- 159) Locusts: Locust and their management Lec. 46 (p. 160 - 161) Mites: Economically important phytophagous mites and their management. Lec. 47(p.162- 165) Nematodes: Rice (white tip), wheat (cyst and gall) vegetables (root knot) fruit crops (citrus and banana) and their management. Lec. 48 (p.166 - 172) Rodents: Rodents damaging crops in field and stores , key for identification of rodents, ma nagement of rodents in field and storage, coconut rodents and their management. Birds: Various birds infesting crops and their management. References Atwal, A.S. 1976. Agricultural Pests of India and South East Asia. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. Butani, D.K. and Jotwani, M.G. 1984. Insects in Vegetables. Periodical Export Book Agency, New Delhi. Butani, D. K. 1984. Insects and Fruits. Periodical Export Book Agency, New Delhi. Dennis S Hill 1987 Agricultural Insect Pests of tropics and their control, Cambridge Universtiy Press , New York Khare, S.P. 1993. Stored Grain Pests and Their Management. Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana. Nair MRGK. 1986. Insects and Mites of crops in India. Indian Council of Agricultural Research New Delhi. Ramakrishna Ayyar, T.V. 1963. Handbook of Economic Entomology for South India. Government Press, Madras. Upadhyaya K.P. and Kusum Dwivedi. 1996. A Text Book of Plant Nematology. Aman Publishing House, Meerut. Vasantharaj David, B. 2003. Elements of Economic Entomology. Popular Book Depot, Coimbatore. Vasantharaj David, B and Aanathakrishnan, T.N.. 2006. General and Applied Entomology. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing House, New Delhi. INTRODUCTION OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY AND ECONOMIC CLASSIFICATION OF INSECT PESTS We live in a world teeming with insects. The number of individual species of insects so far known is over a million and each of these species numbers into millions even billions of individuals. Doubtless, insects are harmful to us in one way or another but the benefits they offer in so many visible and invisible ways are also great that they cannot be assessed in terms of money. One radical quote on insects reads “If all mankind were to disappear, the world would regenerate back to rich state of equilibrium that existed ten thousand years ago; if insects were to vanish, the environment would collapse into chaos” – Edward O. Wilson. Man’s future on this earth may very well depend on how well we understand the insect world – how well we fight our insect enemies and protect ourselves against them- how well we protect our insect friends. A study of the insects which are variously related to the welfare of mankind is referred to as economic entomology. Such studies are usually made with reference to the habits and habitats of the insect species. Insects are generally classified into three convenient groups from the point of view of the economic nature, namely harmless, harmful and beneficial insects. This classification, however, is not a rigid one and is often subject to alterations depending on conditions. Certain insects which are considered not harmful may under some other favourable conditions become serious pests and vice versa. The scope of the present course is not the study on how many ways insects are beneficial to us but on how many ways they are harmful to us particularly as pests of crops and stored grain. In this section, different ways in which insect pests are harmful to us are classified. 1. Destroying crops and valuable plants: Insects destroy all kinds of growing crops and other valuable plants by feeding on leaves, stem, bark, roots, buds, flowers and fruits. They also bore or tunnel into shoots, stems, roots and fruits feeding on internal contents. Insects are known to cause cancerous growth/ galls within which they live and feed. They cut and carry parts of plants for construction of nests or shelters. Many species of insects are reported as vectors disseminating microorganisms of plant diseases, namely, viruses, bacteria, fungi etc. 2. Annoying and injuring man and animals: There are several ways in which insects annoy and injure man and animals, both domesticated and wild. Droning, humming and buzzing they produce is annoying to everyone. The foul odour they emit, offensive taste of their secretions/excretions they leave on fruits, food and dishes cause suffering. Pinching and causing painful disfiguring blisters on any part of the body, they may come in contact with. Accidental entry into the eyes, ears, nostrils or alimentary canal causes myiasis, a painful muscle damage. 3. Injecting venoms:
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    EU project number 613678 Strategies to develop effective, innovative and practical approaches to protect major European fruit crops from pests and pathogens Work package 1. Pathways of introduction of fruit pests and pathogens Deliverable 1.3. PART 5 - REPORT on APPLES – Fruit pathway and Alert List Partners involved: EPPO (Grousset F, Petter F, Suffert M) and JKI (Steffen K, Wilstermann A, Schrader G). This document should be cited as ‘Wistermann A, Steffen K, Grousset F, Petter F, Schrader G, Suffert M (2016) DROPSA Deliverable 1.3 Report for Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List’. An Excel file containing supporting information is available at https://upload.eppo.int/download/107o25ccc1b2c DROPSA is funded by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration (grant agreement no. 613678). www.dropsaproject.eu [email protected] DROPSA DELIVERABLE REPORT on Apples – Fruit pathway and Alert List 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 Background on apple .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Data on production and trade of apple fruit ................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Pathway ‘apple fruit’ .....................................................................................................................................
  • Invasive Plants Established in the United States That Are Found In

    Invasive Plants Established in the United States That Are Found In

    Rosa multiflora Multiflora rose Introduction There are 200 members of the genus Rosa distributed widely in subtropical to cold temperate regions of Asia, Europe, North Africa and North America. In China, 95 species have been recorded[60]. Taxonomy Order: Rosales Suborder: Rosineae Family: Rosaceae Subfamily: Rosoideae Focke alternate, and composed of 3-9 sharp- Genus: Rosa L. toothed leaflets, 5-10 cm long including Subgenus: Rosa leafstalk. The leaflets are obovate, Section: Synthylae DC. oblong or ovate, 1.5-5 cm in length Series: Multiflorae Yü et Ku and 0.8-2.8 cm in width, acute or Species: Rosa multiflora obtuse apex, suborbicular or cuneate Thunb. base, with simple serrate or biserrate margins. A pair of stipules are adnate to Description the base of the leafstalk. The upper leaf Rosa multiflora is a climbing, perennial surface is glabrous and the underside is shrub. The branchlets are glabrous and pubescent. Flowers appear from May cylindrical with short curved prickles. through June, as clusters in a corymb The leaf axil, petiole and pedicel are inflorescence, 1.5-2 cm in diameter. glabrous or covered with glandular Each has white, broad-obovate petals hairs. The leaves are imparipinnate, that are glabrous outside and pubescent inside. The lanceolate calyx has a retuse apex and a cuneate base. Fruits are red, glabrous, subglobular hips, with a diameter of 6-8 mm, developing from July to August[59]. Habitat Related Species R. multiflora habitats include thickets, Three varieties of R. multiflora are forest margins, and along road sides and commonly cultivated in China: streams in mountainous areas[9, 88].