DOCSLIB.ORG

PUBLISHING ADDICTION SCIENCE a Guide for the Perplexed

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
PUBLISHING ADDICTION SCIENCE a Guide for the Perplexed PUBLISHING 3RD EDITION ADDICTION SCIENCE A Guide for the Perplexed EDITED BY Thomas F. Babor, Kerstin Stenius, Richard Pates, Michal Miovský, Jean O’Reilly, and Paul Candon Publishing Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed Third Edition Edited by Thomas F. Babor, Kerstin Stenius, Richard Pates, Michal Miovský, Jean O’Reilly and Paul Candon Published by Ubiquity Press Ltd. 6 Windmill Street London W1T 2JB www.ubiquitypress.com Text © The Authors 2017 First published 2017 Cover design by Amber MacKay, developed from 2nd Edition cover by Matthew West of Vasco Graphics. Images used in the cover design were sourced from Pixabay and are licensed under CC0 Public Domain. Reproductions of journal covers and logos used with permission. Printed in the UK by Lightning Source Ltd. Print and digital versions typeset by Siliconchips Services Ltd. ISBN (Paperback): 978-1-911529-08-8 ISBN (PDF): 978-1-911529-09-5 ISBN (EPUB): 978-1-911529-10-1 ISBN (Mobi): 978-1-911529-11-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbd This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Interna- tional License (unless stated otherwise within the content of the work). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This license allows for copying any part of the work for personal and commercial use, providing author attribution is clearly stated. The full text of this book has been peer-reviewed to ensure high academic standards. For full review policies, see http://www.ubiquitypress.com/ Suggested citation: Babor, T F, Stenius, K, Pates, R, Miovský, M, O’Reilly, J and Candon, P (eds.) 2017 Publishing Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Ubiquity Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbd. License: CC-BY 4.0 To read the free, open access version of this book online, visit https://doi.org/10.5334/bbd or scan this QR code with your mobile device: We dedicate this book to two people who changed addiction science for the better: Lenka Čablová (1986–2016) and Griffith Edwards (1928–2012) Contents Foreword ix Preface xi About the Authors xvii Supporting Institutions xxi Section 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 1: A Guide for the Perplexed (Thomas F. Babor, Kerstin Stenius and Jean O’Reilly) 3 Chapter 2: Infrastructure and Career Opportunities in Addiction Science: The Emergence of an Interdisciplinary Field (Thomas F. Babor, Dominique Morisano, Jonathan Noel, Katherine Robaina, Judit H. Ward and Andrea L. Mitchell) 9 Section 2: How and Where to Publish 35 Chapter 3: How to Choose a Journal: Scientific and Practical Considerations (Thomas F. Babor, Dominique Morisano, Kerstin Stenius and Judit H. Ward) 37 Chapter 4: Beyond the Anglo-American World: Advice for Researchers from Developing and Non–English-Speaking Countries (Kerstin Stenius, Florence Kerr-Corrêa, Isidore Obot, Erikson F. Furtado, Maria Cristina Pereira Lima and Thomas F. Babor) 71 Chapter 5: Getting Started: Publication Issues for Graduate Students, Postdoctoral Fellows, and other Aspiring Addiction Scientists (Dominique Morisano, Erin L. Winstanley, Neo Morojele and Thomas F. Babor) 89 vi Contents Chapter 6: Addiction Science for Professionals Working in Clinical Settings (Richard Pates and Roman Gabrhelík) 119 Section 3: The Practical Side of Addiction Publishing 133 Chapter 7: How to Write a Scientific Article for a Peer-Reviewed Journal (Phil Lange, Richard Pates, Jean O’Reilly and Judit H. Ward) 135 Chapter 8: How to Write Publishable Qualitative Research (Kerstin Stenius, Klaus Mäkelä, Michal Miovský and Roman Gabrhelík) 155 Chapter 9: How to Write a Systematic Review Article and Meta-Analysis (Lenka Čablová, Richard Pates, Michal Miovský and Jonathan Noel) 173 Chapter 10: Use and Abuse of Citations (Robert West, Kerstin Stenius and Tom Kettunen) 191 Chapter 11: Coin of the Realm: Practical Procedures for Determining Authorship (Thomas F. Babor, Dominique Morisano and Jonathan Noel) 207 Chapter 12: Preparing Manuscripts and Responding to Reviewers’ Reports: Inside the Editorial Black Box (Ian Stolerman and Richard Pates) 229 Chapter 13: Reviewing Manuscripts for Scientific Journals (Robert L. Balster) 245 Section 4: Ethics Matter 265 Chapter 14: Dante’s Inferno: Seven Deadly Sins in Scientific Publishing and How to Avoid Them (Thomas F. Babor, Thomas McGovern and Katherine Robaina) 267 Chapter 15: The Road to Paradise: Moral Reasoning in Addiction Publishing (Thomas McGovern, Thomas F. Babor and Kerstin Stenius) 299 Contents vii Chapter 16: Relationships with the Alcoholic-Beverage Industry, Pharmaceutical Companies, and Other Funding Agencies: Holy Grail or Poisoned Chalice? (Peter Miller, Thomas F. Babor, Thomas McGovern, Isidore Obot and Gerhard Bühringer) 323 Section 5: Conclusion 353 Chapter 17: Addiction Publishing and the Meaning of [Scientific] Life (Thomas F. Babor, Kerstin Stenius and Jean O’Reilly) 355 Index 365 Foreword to the Third Edition The health and social burden attributable to psychoactive substance use is enormous. Alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use taken together are by far the most important preventable risk factors to a population’s health. Accord- ing to the latest WHO estimates, the harmful use of alcohol alone results in around 3.3 million deaths every year. With rapid social and cultural changes taking place in many countries, alcohol and drug use are becoming increas- ingly embedded in social matrices, often with strong commercial forces playing a role in promoting the use of legal intoxicating and dependence-producing substances. A number of jurisdictions have undertaken major changes in the regulation of psychoactive substances controlled under international drug trea- ties. New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), with their health effects and distri- bution channels, present new challenges for public health authorities. Debates around alcohol and drugs are at the forefront of social policy processes in many countries, with significant variations in societal responses. Unfortunately, these debates are often not based on solid data or research evidence, and in many cases the relevant data simply does not exist. Significant caveats exist in the evaluation of existing policy responses and policy changes made in different jurisdictions. There is an urgent need to strengthen the evidence base for the development of adequate program and policy responses to substance use and substance use disorders at different levels. It is difficult to overestimate the role of research and scientific data in shap- ing policy and program responses at all scales, from local communities to the x Foreword to the Third Edition international level. A consistent and common issue is the lack of sufficient resources for research on substance use and substance use disorders, and very often even those resources available are not utilized to their maximum poten- tial. One of the biggest problems is when investment in research does not result in the publication and dissemination of results, preferably in peer-reviewed journals. This is a particularly prevalent issue in less-resourced countries where opportunities for publishing results of research on substance use and substance use disorders are limited, and where no specialized journals on addiction exist. The third edition ofPublishing Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed is an important resource for researchers around the world, especially for those who work in low and middle-income countries. It is hoped that this resource will facilitate the dissemination of new data and knowledge in this area, given that research remains very much skewed towards a limited number of high- income countries with well-developed research and publishing infrastructures. The International Society of Addiction Journal Editors (ISAJE) continues to work towards increasing the publishing competence of researchers from all over the world, with this work often being implemented in consultation with our program in the World Health Organization. Such efforts make a significant and much needed contribution to capacity building in research on substance use and substance use disorders, particularly in less-resourced countries, and the WHO Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse welcomes the third edition. We look forward to continued collaboration with ISAJE in this area. Dr Shekhar Saxena Director Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse World Health Organization Preface An Idea Whose Time Has Come The development of this book had many complex motives but a single pur- pose. The motives include improving scientific integrity in the field of addic- tion studies, sharing information with junior investigators, and strengthening addiction specialty journals. The single purpose of this volume, however, is to provide a practical guide to scientific publishing in the addiction field that is used often enough to affect personal decisions, individual careers, institutional policies, and the progress of science. The time is ripe for such an ambitious undertaking: The field of addiction research has grown tremendously in recent years and has spread to new parts of the world. With that growth has come a concomitant increase in competition among researchers, new bureaucratic regulations, and a growing interest in addiction research by health agencies, policy-makers, treatment and prevention specialists, and the alcohol industry. New professional societies, research centers, and university programs have taken root,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Is Scholarly Publishing Like Rock and Roll?
    Is Scholarly Publishing Like Rock and Roll? David W. Lewis Dean Emeritus, IUPUI University Library [email protected] https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9711-5565 August 2019 © 2019 David W. Lewis. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Abstract This article uses Alan B. Krueger’s analysis of the music industry in his book Rockonomics: A Backstage Tour of What the Music Industry Can Teach Us About Economics and Life as a lens to consider the structure of scholarly publishing and what could happen to scholarly publishing going forward. Both the music industry and scholarly publishing are facing disruption as their products become digital. Digital content provides opportunities to a create a better product at lower prices and in the music industry this has happened. Scholarly publishing has not yet done so. Similarities and differences between the music industry and scholarly publishing will be considered. Like music, scholarly publishing appears to be a superstar industry. Both music and scholarly publishing are subject to piracy, which threatens revenue, though Napster was a greater disrupter than Sci-Hub seems to be. It also appears that for a variety of reasons market forces are not effective in driving changes in business models and practices in scholarly publishing, at least not at the rate we would expect given the changes in technology. After reviewing similarities and differences, the prospects for the future of scholarly publishing will be considered. David W. Lewis — Is Scholarly Publishing Like Rock and Roll? 1 Introduction In his 2019 book, Rockonomics: A Backstage Tour of What the Music Industry Can Teach Us About Economics and Life, Alan B.
    [Show full text]
  • Editor's Introduction
    Editor’s Introduction Samuel A. Moore Panton Fellow, Open Knowledge Foundation & Dept. Digital Humanities Ph.D Programme, King’s College London, London, UK Panton Fellowships This book is the result of a year-long Panton Fellowship with the Open Knowledge Foundation and made possible by the Com- puter and Communications Industry Association. This is the sec- ond year that the fellowships have taken place, so far funding five early-career researchers across Europe. Throughout the year, fellows are expected to advocate for the adoption of open data, centred on promotion of the Panton Principles for Open Data in Science (see below). Projects have ranged from monitoring air quality in local primary schools, to How to cite this book chapter: Moore, S. A. Editor’s Introduction. In: Moore, S. A. (ed.) Issues in Open Research Data. Pp. 1–9. London: Ubiquity Press. DOI: http://dx.doi. org/10.5334/ban.a 2 Issues in Open Research Data transparent and reproducible altmetrics, to the Open Science Training Initiative and now this volume on open research data. In addition to the funding and training fellows receive, the Open Knowledge Foundation is a great network of supportive, like-minded individuals who are committed to the broad mis- sion of increasing openness throughout academia, government and society at large. I strongly encourage anyone eligible to con- sider applying for a future Panton Fellowship—it has been a very rewarding year. Panton Principles Science is based on building on, reusing and openly crit- icising the published body of scientific knowledge. (Murray-Rust et al. 2010) In 2009, a group of scientists met at the Panton Arms pub in Cambridge, UK, to try to articulate their idea of what best prac- tice should be for sharing scientific data.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrastructure and Career Opportunities in Addiction Science: the Emergence of an Interdisciplinary Field Thomas F
    CHAPTER 2 Infrastructure and Career Opportunities in Addiction Science : The Emergence of an Interdisciplinary Field Thomas F. Babor, Dominique Morisano, Jonathan Noel, Katherine Robaina, Judit H. Ward and Andrea L. Mitchell Introduction During the latter part of the 20th century, there was rapid growth in the number of people employed in the societal management of social and medical problems associated with the use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs (Edwards & Babor, 2012). At the same time, similar growth occurred in the number of institutions and individuals engaged in addiction science. The current worldwide infra- structure of addiction science includes numerous research funding sources, more than 90 specialized scholarly journals, scores of professional societies, over 200 research centers, more than 80 specialty training programs, and thou- sands of scientists. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the global infrastructure support- ing addiction science and the career opportunities available to addiction sci- entists. The current global infrastructure is evaluated from two perspectives: (a) its ability to produce basic knowledge about the causes of addiction and the mechanisms by which psychoactive substances affect health and well-being and (b) its ability to address substance-related problems throughout the world at both the individual and the population levels. The first perspective speaks How to cite this book chapter: Babor, T F, Morisano, D, Noel, J, Robaina, K, Ward, J H and Mitchell, A L. 2017. Infrastructure and Career Opportunities in Addiction Science : The Emergence of an Interdisciplinary Field. In: Babor, T F, Stenius, K, Pates, R, Miovský, M, O’Reilly, J and Candon, P.
    [Show full text]
  • Innovation in Research, Editing, and Publishing
    Panel 819. The New Open-Access Environment: Innovation in Research, Editing, and Publishing Special Panel at the Modern Languages Association, Austin, TX, Sunday 10th January 2016: https://apps.mla.org/program_details?prog_id=819&year=2016 Subject: The Profession Sub-subject: General, Publishing & Editing Keywords: open access, editing, journals, technology, innovation Dr Caroline Edwards (presider) Lecturer in Modern & Contemporary Literature, Birkbeck Editorial Director, Open Library of Humanities [email protected] @the_blochian Introduction to the Panel Discussion This special session will take the form of a roundtable discussion with four panelists and a presider. The roundtable will consider the ways in which open access (OA) publications are transforming the kind of research that is possible, as well as necessitating new editorial practices. Page 1 of 18 The case for making scholarship available open access is gathering pace. The combination of the open access movement and the crisis in library budgets to meet the soaring costs of commercially-published academic journals has led to the rise of national-level, institutional and funding-council mandates for open access in the UK (High Education Funding Council for England, Research Councils UK), the EU (Horizon 2020) and Australia (Australian Research Council), as well as throughout many US institutions. Over the past 5 years, debates concerning open access publishing have moved away from discussing whether or not this may be possible (or desirable) within the humanities. In 2016, we have reached a position in which various different stakeholders (including publishers, scholarly societies, editorial networks, and university libraries) are co-ordinating their efforts to transition towards publishing that removes permission and price barriers to accessing academic research.
    [Show full text]
  • Blogs and Tweets, Texting and Friending Blogs and Tweets, Texting and Friending Social Media and Online Professionalism in Health Care
    Blogs and Tweets, Texting and Friending Blogs and Tweets, Texting and Friending Social Media and Online Professionalism in Health Care Sandra M. DeJong, MD Harvard Medical School and Cambridge Health Alliance AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON NEW YORK • OXFORD • PARIS • SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Academic Press is an Imprint of Elsevier Academic Press is an imprint of Elsevier 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, CA 92101 4495, USA 32 Jamestown Road, London NW1 7BY, UK 225 Wyman Street, Waltham, MA 02451, USA Copyright © 2014 Sandra M. DeJong. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (+44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (+44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected]. Alternatively, visit the Science and Technology Books website at www.elsevierdirect.com/rights for further information. Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, in particular, independent verification of diagnoses
    [Show full text]
  • Science Is Fundamentally a Peer-To-Peer Process and Online Communities Will Shape the Evolution of Scholarly Publishing
    Science is fundamentally a peer-to-peer process and online communities will shape the evolution of scholarly publishing blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2013/07/03/publishing-evolution-disruption-and-the-future/ 7/3/2013 The transformation of publishing models and platforms remains a recurrent issue for the scholarly community to grapple with given new technologies. Graham Steel provides an overview of a recent conference on the role and evolution of scholarly publishing offering an expansive look at how digital technology will continue to support the advancement of science for the widest possible audience. Publishing: Evolution, Disruption & the Future was a one day Conference at the Edinburgh University Business School earlier this month. The event looked at how the publishing industry is changing and how it will continue to evolve given new platforms and digital tools. This post looks at the first session titled Open Information, Innovation & Communication: Making Publicly Funded Information Free, which featured talks from Cameron Neylon (PLOS), Tom Pollard (Ubiquity Press), Matt McKay (STM) and Mark Lester (Open University) to discuss the key trends shaping scholarly publishing and open information. This session explored how open data, open access and digital communications can help to make cutting edge research more efficient and engaging for the widest possible audience. Warts and all, the full 2:26 hours worth of the recording of Session One is below. Spin forward (link) to skip out the intro. section if you wish to go direct to the first talk by Cameron Neylon. Publicly funded research in the sciences, medicine, the arts and the humanities is often hidden behind paywalls and access is limited to those organisations who can afford to pay substantial subscription fees.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Content Mining Peter Murray-Rust,* Jennifer C
    Open Content Mining Peter Murray-Rust,* Jennifer C. Molloy† and Diane Cabell‡ *University of Cambridge and OKFN, Cambridge, UK †University of Oxford and Open Knowledge Foundation, Oxford, UK ‡Oxford e-Research Centre, Creative Commons and iCommons Ltd, Oxford, UK Introduction As scientists and scholars, we are both creators and users of infor- mation. Our work, however, only achieves its full value when it is shared with other researchers so as to forward the progress of science. One’s data becomes exponentially more useful when combined with the data of others. Today’s technology provides an unprecedented capacity for such data combination. Researchers can now find and read papers online, rather than having to manually track down print copies. Machines (computers) can index the papers and extract the details (titles, keywords etc.) in order to alert scientists to relevant material. In addition, How to cite this book chapter: Murray-Rust, P., Molloy, J. C. and Cabell, D. 2014. Open Content Mining. In: Moore, S. A. (ed.) Issues in Open Research Data. Pp. 11–30. London: Ubiquity Press. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ban.b 12 Issues in Open Research Data computers can extract factual data and meaning by “mining” the content. We illustrate the technology and importance of content-mining with 3 graphical examples which represent the state of the art today (Figure 1–3). These are all highly scalable (i.e. can be applied to thousands or even millions of target papers without human inter- vention. There are unavoidable errors for unusual documents and content and there is a trade-off between precision (“accuracy”) and recall (“amount retrieved”) but in many cases we and others have achieved 95% precision.
    [Show full text]
  • Working Together to Maximize Efficiency During the COVID-19 Pandemic
    Working together to maximize efficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic A cross-publisher initiative #C19RapidReview Last updated: May 2020 This cross-publisher collaboration endorsed by the Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) aims to ensure research related to COVID-19 is reviewed and published as quickly as possible. We have come together across the open publishing industry to support academics; peer reviewers, editors and authors, and to ensure the widest and quickest dissemination of relevant quality content. To this end, we encourage academics to sign up to a reviewer database. ​Please, consider signing up as a rapid reviewer by filling in this ​form​. We also encourage authors to use preprint servers and call on other publishers to action with a focus on open data. Read the ​formal Letter of Intent​ ​for more information and help us spread the word on social media using ​#C19RapidReview.​ List of organizations and journal titles participating in the​ ​#C19RapidReview​ ​initiative Royal Society Proceedings A Proceedings B Open Biology Biology Letters Interface Royal Society Open Science Hindawi Advances in Public Health Analytical Cellular Pathology BioMed Research International Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology Canadian Respiratory Journal Cardiology Research and Practice Case Reports in Critical Care Case Reports in Emergency Medicine Case Reports in Immunology Case Reports in Infectious Diseases Case Reports in Medicine Case Reports in Otolaryngology Case Reports in Pulmonology Complexity
    [Show full text]
  • A Brief History of Open Educational Resources T
    A Brief History of Open Educational Resources T. J. Bliss* and M. Smith Hewlett Foundation *[email protected] Editors’ Commentary The Hewlett Foundation has been a key supporter of the open movement, donating over US170 million dollars over the past 15 years. In this chapter, authors T. J. Bliss and M. Smith—both of the Hewlett Foundation—ask whether this investment has been worthwhile. To answer this provocative question they trace the history of the open movement itself. They begin in the 1990s with fledging programs that formed the foundation for modern open education. From there, they cover the period they refer to as ‘open’s adolescence’ from 2004 to 2010. Finally, they discuss recent trends in open, Hewlett Foundation funding priorities, and their hopes for the future of the movement. Introduction The Open Educational Resources (OER) movement is fifteen years old. This essay reviews OER’s history, extraordinary growth, and place in education from the perspective of one current and one former employee of the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation.1,2 Since 2001, the Hewlett Foundation has pro- vided just over US$170 million to develop and extend the reach and effective- ness of OER. We tell the story of OER’s development, provide examples and discuss uses of OER, and sketch its potential as a powerful tool for reducing How to cite this book chapter: Bliss, T J and Smith, M. 2017. A Brief History of Open Educational Resources. In: Jhangiani, R S and Biswas-Diener, R. (eds.) Open: The Philosophy and Practices that are Revolutionizing Education and Science.
    [Show full text]
  • CICAS: Toward a Critical Framework of Information Literacy in Addiction Science
    Please do not remove this page CICAS: Toward a critical framework of information literacy in Addiction Science Bejarano, William; Ward, Judit Hajnal https://scholarship.libraries.rutgers.edu/discovery/delivery/01RUT_INST:ResearchRepository/12643430900004646?l#13643522700004646 Bejarano, W., & Ward, J. H. (2016). CICAS: Toward a critical framework of information literacy in Addiction Science. In Substance Abuse Library and Information Studies (Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 33–41). Rutgers University. https://doi.org/10.7282/T37M0B9N This work is protected by copyright. You are free to use this resource, with proper attribution, for research and educational purposes. Other uses, such as reproduction or publication, may require the permission of the copyright holder. Downloaded On 2021/09/30 13:31:45 -0400 Substance Abuse Library and Information Studies: Proceedings of the 38th Annual SALIS / AMHL Conference CICAS: Toward a critical framework of information literacy in Addiction Science William Bejarano Center of Alcohol Studies Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Judit H. Ward Center of Alcohol Studies Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey Abstract This paper is an attempt to suggest a critical framework for addiction information literacy. Since the ACRL information literacy standards were updated in 2015, our field is in need of guidelines about how to translate its general principles to meet the special needs of our diverse audiences. The authors wish to identify the unique application of the ACRL standards to the field of addiction science. An applied and transdisciplinary science requires a particular emphasis on evaluating sources and a special regard for the sensitive nature of the information sought.
    [Show full text]
  • The Victory of Openness
    CHAPTER 1 The Victory of Openness It made me think that everything was about to arrive - the moment when you know all and everything is decided forever. —Jack Kerouac Introduction Openness is everywhere in education at the moment: in late 2011 a free course in artificial intelligence had over 160,000 learners enrolled (Leckart 2012); in 2012 in the UK the Government fol- lowed other national bodies in the US and Canada by announcing a policy mandating that all articles resulting from publicly funded research should be made freely available in open access publica- tions (Finch Group 2012); downloads from Apple’s iTunes U site, which gives away free educational content, passed 1 billion in 2013 (Robertson 2013); British Columbia announced a policy in 2012 to provide open, free textbooks for the 40 most popular courses (Gilmore 2012); the G8 leaders signed a treaty on open data in June 2013, stating that all government data will be released openly by default (UK Cabinet Office 2013). Outside of these headline figures there are fundamental shifts in practices: academics are 2 The Battle for Open creating and releasing their own content using tools such as Slideshare and YouTube; researchers are releasing results earlier and using open, crowdsourcing approaches; every day millions of people make use of free, open online tools and resources to learn and share. In fact, openness is now such a part of everyday life that it seems unworthy of comment. This wasn’t always the case, nor did it appear inevitable or predictable. At the end of the ’90s, as the dot-​­com boom was gaining pace, there was plenty of scepticism around business models (much of it justified after the collapse) and similarly with the web 2.0 bubble ten years later.
    [Show full text]
  • Paths to Improving Engagement Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Addiction Health Services Erick G
    Guerrero et al. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy (2015) 10:40 DOI 10.1186/s13011-015-0036-z RESEARCH Open Access Paths to improving engagement among racial and ethnic minorities in addiction health services Erick G. Guerrero1*, Karissa Fenwick1, Yinfei Kong1, Christine Grella2 and Thomas D’Aunno3 Abstract Background: Members of racial and ethnic minority groups are most likely to experience limited access and poor engagement in addiction treatment. Research has been limited on the role of program capacity and delivery of comprehensive care in improving access and retention among minorities with drug abuse issues. The goal of this study was to examine the extent to which access and retention are enhanced when racial and ethnic minorities receive care from high-capacity addiction health services (AHS) programs and via coordination with mental health and receipt of HIV testing services. Methods: This multilevel cross-sectional analysis involved data from 108 programs merged with client data from 2011 for 13,478 adults entering AHS. Multilevel negative binomial regression models were used to test interactions and indirect relationships between program capacity and days to enter treatment (wait time) and days in treatment (retention). Results: Compared to low-capacity programs and non-Latino and non-African American clients, Latinos and African Americans served in high-capacity programs reported shorter wait times to admission, as hypothesized. African Americans also had longer treatment retention in high-capacity programs. Receipt of HIV testing and program coordination of mental health services played an indirect role in the relationship between program capacity and wait time. Conclusions: Program capacity and coordinated services in AHS may reduce disparities in access to care.
    [Show full text]