PUBLISHING 3RD EDITION ADDICTION SCIENCE A Guide for the Perplexed EDITED BY Thomas F. Babor, Kerstin Stenius, Richard Pates, Michal Miovský, Jean O’Reilly, and Paul Candon Publishing Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed Third Edition Edited by Thomas F. Babor, Kerstin Stenius, Richard Pates, Michal Miovský, Jean O’Reilly and Paul Candon Published by Ubiquity Press Ltd. 6 Windmill Street London W1T 2JB www.ubiquitypress.com Text © The Authors 2017 First published 2017 Cover design by Amber MacKay, developed from 2nd Edition cover by Matthew West of Vasco Graphics. Images used in the cover design were sourced from Pixabay and are licensed under CC0 Public Domain. Reproductions of journal covers and logos used with permission. Printed in the UK by Lightning Source Ltd. Print and digital versions typeset by Siliconchips Services Ltd. ISBN (Paperback): 978-1-911529-08-8 ISBN (PDF): 978-1-911529-09-5 ISBN (EPUB): 978-1-911529-10-1 ISBN (Mobi): 978-1-911529-11-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbd This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Interna- tional License (unless stated otherwise within the content of the work). To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA. This license allows for copying any part of the work for personal and commercial use, providing author attribution is clearly stated. The full text of this book has been peer-reviewed to ensure high academic standards. For full review policies, see http://www.ubiquitypress.com/ Suggested citation: Babor, T F, Stenius, K, Pates, R, Miovský, M, O’Reilly, J and Candon, P (eds.) 2017 Publishing Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Ubiquity Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bbd. License: CC-BY 4.0 To read the free, open access version of this book online, visit https://doi.org/10.5334/bbd or scan this QR code with your mobile device: We dedicate this book to two people who changed addiction science for the better: Lenka Čablová (1986–2016) and Griffith Edwards (1928–2012) Contents Foreword ix Preface xi About the Authors xvii Supporting Institutions xxi Section 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 1: A Guide for the Perplexed (Thomas F. Babor, Kerstin Stenius and Jean O’Reilly) 3 Chapter 2: Infrastructure and Career Opportunities in Addiction Science: The Emergence of an Interdisciplinary Field (Thomas F. Babor, Dominique Morisano, Jonathan Noel, Katherine Robaina, Judit H. Ward and Andrea L. Mitchell) 9 Section 2: How and Where to Publish 35 Chapter 3: How to Choose a Journal: Scientific and Practical Considerations (Thomas F. Babor, Dominique Morisano, Kerstin Stenius and Judit H. Ward) 37 Chapter 4: Beyond the Anglo-American World: Advice for Researchers from Developing and Non–English-Speaking Countries (Kerstin Stenius, Florence Kerr-Corrêa, Isidore Obot, Erikson F. Furtado, Maria Cristina Pereira Lima and Thomas F. Babor) 71 Chapter 5: Getting Started: Publication Issues for Graduate Students, Postdoctoral Fellows, and other Aspiring Addiction Scientists (Dominique Morisano, Erin L. Winstanley, Neo Morojele and Thomas F. Babor) 89 vi Contents Chapter 6: Addiction Science for Professionals Working in Clinical Settings (Richard Pates and Roman Gabrhelík) 119 Section 3: The Practical Side of Addiction Publishing 133 Chapter 7: How to Write a Scientific Article for a Peer-Reviewed Journal (Phil Lange, Richard Pates, Jean O’Reilly and Judit H. Ward) 135 Chapter 8: How to Write Publishable Qualitative Research (Kerstin Stenius, Klaus Mäkelä, Michal Miovský and Roman Gabrhelík) 155 Chapter 9: How to Write a Systematic Review Article and Meta-Analysis (Lenka Čablová, Richard Pates, Michal Miovský and Jonathan Noel) 173 Chapter 10: Use and Abuse of Citations (Robert West, Kerstin Stenius and Tom Kettunen) 191 Chapter 11: Coin of the Realm: Practical Procedures for Determining Authorship (Thomas F. Babor, Dominique Morisano and Jonathan Noel) 207 Chapter 12: Preparing Manuscripts and Responding to Reviewers’ Reports: Inside the Editorial Black Box (Ian Stolerman and Richard Pates) 229 Chapter 13: Reviewing Manuscripts for Scientific Journals (Robert L. Balster) 245 Section 4: Ethics Matter 265 Chapter 14: Dante’s Inferno: Seven Deadly Sins in Scientific Publishing and How to Avoid Them (Thomas F. Babor, Thomas McGovern and Katherine Robaina) 267 Chapter 15: The Road to Paradise: Moral Reasoning in Addiction Publishing (Thomas McGovern, Thomas F. Babor and Kerstin Stenius) 299 Contents vii Chapter 16: Relationships with the Alcoholic-Beverage Industry, Pharmaceutical Companies, and Other Funding Agencies: Holy Grail or Poisoned Chalice? (Peter Miller, Thomas F. Babor, Thomas McGovern, Isidore Obot and Gerhard Bühringer) 323 Section 5: Conclusion 353 Chapter 17: Addiction Publishing and the Meaning of [Scientific] Life (Thomas F. Babor, Kerstin Stenius and Jean O’Reilly) 355 Index 365 Foreword to the Third Edition The health and social burden attributable to psychoactive substance use is enormous. Alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use taken together are by far the most important preventable risk factors to a population’s health. Accord- ing to the latest WHO estimates, the harmful use of alcohol alone results in around 3.3 million deaths every year. With rapid social and cultural changes taking place in many countries, alcohol and drug use are becoming increas- ingly embedded in social matrices, often with strong commercial forces playing a role in promoting the use of legal intoxicating and dependence-producing substances. A number of jurisdictions have undertaken major changes in the regulation of psychoactive substances controlled under international drug trea- ties. New Psychoactive Substances (NPS), with their health effects and distri- bution channels, present new challenges for public health authorities. Debates around alcohol and drugs are at the forefront of social policy processes in many countries, with significant variations in societal responses. Unfortunately, these debates are often not based on solid data or research evidence, and in many cases the relevant data simply does not exist. Significant caveats exist in the evaluation of existing policy responses and policy changes made in different jurisdictions. There is an urgent need to strengthen the evidence base for the development of adequate program and policy responses to substance use and substance use disorders at different levels. It is difficult to overestimate the role of research and scientific data in shap- ing policy and program responses at all scales, from local communities to the x Foreword to the Third Edition international level. A consistent and common issue is the lack of sufficient resources for research on substance use and substance use disorders, and very often even those resources available are not utilized to their maximum poten- tial. One of the biggest problems is when investment in research does not result in the publication and dissemination of results, preferably in peer-reviewed journals. This is a particularly prevalent issue in less-resourced countries where opportunities for publishing results of research on substance use and substance use disorders are limited, and where no specialized journals on addiction exist. The third edition ofPublishing Addiction Science: A Guide for the Perplexed is an important resource for researchers around the world, especially for those who work in low and middle-income countries. It is hoped that this resource will facilitate the dissemination of new data and knowledge in this area, given that research remains very much skewed towards a limited number of high- income countries with well-developed research and publishing infrastructures. The International Society of Addiction Journal Editors (ISAJE) continues to work towards increasing the publishing competence of researchers from all over the world, with this work often being implemented in consultation with our program in the World Health Organization. Such efforts make a significant and much needed contribution to capacity building in research on substance use and substance use disorders, particularly in less-resourced countries, and the WHO Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse welcomes the third edition. We look forward to continued collaboration with ISAJE in this area. Dr Shekhar Saxena Director Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse World Health Organization Preface An Idea Whose Time Has Come The development of this book had many complex motives but a single pur- pose. The motives include improving scientific integrity in the field of addic- tion studies, sharing information with junior investigators, and strengthening addiction specialty journals. The single purpose of this volume, however, is to provide a practical guide to scientific publishing in the addiction field that is used often enough to affect personal decisions, individual careers, institutional policies, and the progress of science. The time is ripe for such an ambitious undertaking: The field of addiction research has grown tremendously in recent years and has spread to new parts of the world. With that growth has come a concomitant increase in competition among researchers, new bureaucratic regulations, and a growing interest in addiction research by health agencies, policy-makers, treatment and prevention specialists, and the alcohol industry. New professional societies, research centers, and university programs have taken root,