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RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian's “Great
ABSTRACT RICE, CARL ROSS. Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy. (Under the direction of Prof. S. Thomas Parker) In the year 303, the Roman Emperor Diocletian and the other members of the Tetrarchy launched a series of persecutions against Christians that is remembered as the most severe, widespread, and systematic persecution in the Church’s history. Around that time, the Tetrarchy also issued a rescript to the Pronconsul of Africa ordering similar persecutory actions against a religious group known as the Manichaeans. At first glance, the Tetrarchy’s actions appear to be the result of tensions between traditional classical paganism and religious groups that were not part of that system. However, when the status of Jewish populations in the Empire is examined, it becomes apparent that the Tetrarchy only persecuted Christians and Manichaeans. This thesis explores the relationship between the Tetrarchy and each of these three minority groups as it attempts to understand the Tetrarchy’s policies towards minority religions. In doing so, this thesis will discuss the relationship between the Roman state and minority religious groups in the era just before the Empire’s formal conversion to Christianity. It is only around certain moments in the various religions’ relationships with the state that the Tetrarchs order violence. Consequently, I argue that violence towards minority religions was a means by which the Roman state policed boundaries around its conceptions of Roman identity. © Copyright 2016 Carl Ross Rice All Rights Reserved Diocletian’s “Great Persecutions”: Minority Religions and the Roman Tetrarchy by Carl Ross Rice A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of North Carolina State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts History Raleigh, North Carolina 2016 APPROVED BY: ______________________________ _______________________________ S. -
Reconstructive
RECONSTRUCTIVE Angiosomes of the Foot and Ankle and Clinical Implications for Limb Salvage: Reconstruction, Incisions, and Revascularization Christopher E. Attinger, Background: Ian Taylor introduced the angiosome concept, separating the M.D. body into distinct three-dimensional blocks of tissue fed by source arteries. Karen Kim Evans, M.D. Understanding the angiosomes of the foot and ankle and the interaction among Erwin Bulan, M.D. their source arteries is clinically useful in surgery of the foot and ankle, especially Peter Blume, D.P.M. in the presence of peripheral vascular disease. Paul Cooper, M.D. Methods: In 50 cadaver dissections of the lower extremity, arteries were injected Washington, D.C.; New Haven, with methyl methacrylate in different colors and dissected. Preoperatively, each Conn.; and Millburn, N.J. reconstructive patient’s vascular anatomy was routinely analyzed using a Dopp- ler instrument and the results were evaluated. Results: There are six angiosomes of the foot and ankle originating from the three main arteries and their branches to the foot and ankle. The three branches of the posterior tibial artery each supply distinct portions of the plantar foot. The two branches of the peroneal artery supply the anterolateral portion of the ankle and rear foot. The anterior tibial artery supplies the anterior ankle, and its continuation, the dorsalis pedis artery, supplies the dorsum of the foot. Blood flow to the foot and ankle is redundant, because the three major arteries feeding the foot have multiple arterial-arterial connections. By selectively performing a Doppler examination of these connections, it is possible to quickly map the existing vascular tree and the direction of flow. -
The Political and Military Aspects of Accession of Constantine the Great
Graeco-Latina Brunensia 24 / 2019 / 2 https://doi.org/10.5817/GLB2019-2-2 The Political and Military Aspects of Accession of Constantine the Great Stanislav Doležal (University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice) Abstract The article argues that Constantine the Great, until he was recognized by Galerius, the senior ČLÁNKY / ARTICLES Emperor of the Tetrarchy, was an usurper with no right to the imperial power, nothwithstand- ing his claim that his father, the Emperor Constantius I, conferred upon him the imperial title before he died. Tetrarchic principles, envisaged by Diocletian, were specifically put in place to supersede and override blood kinship. Constantine’s accession to power started as a military coup in which a military unit composed of barbarian soldiers seems to have played an impor- tant role. Keywords Constantine the Great; Roman emperor; usurpation; tetrarchy 19 Stanislav Doležal The Political and Military Aspects of Accession of Constantine the Great On 25 July 306 at York, the Roman Emperor Constantius I died peacefully in his bed. On the same day, a new Emperor was made – his eldest son Constantine who had been present at his father’s deathbed. What exactly happened on that day? Britain, a remote province (actually several provinces)1 on the edge of the Roman Empire, had a tendency to defect from the central government. It produced several usurpers in the past.2 Was Constantine one of them? What gave him the right to be an Emperor in the first place? It can be argued that the political system that was still valid in 306, today known as the Tetrarchy, made any such seizure of power illegal. -
The Cambridge Companion to Age of Constantine.Pdf
The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Constantine offers students a com- prehensive one-volume introduction to this pivotal emperor and his times. Richly illustrated and designed as a readable survey accessible to all audiences, it also achieves a level of scholarly sophistication and a freshness of interpretation that will be welcomed by the experts. The volume is divided into five sections that examine political history, reli- gion, social and economic history, art, and foreign relations during the reign of Constantine, a ruler who gains in importance because he steered the Roman Empire on a course parallel with his own personal develop- ment. Each chapter examines the intimate interplay between emperor and empire and between a powerful personality and his world. Collec- tively, the chapters show how both were mutually affected in ways that shaped the world of late antiquity and even affect our own world today. Noel Lenski is Associate Professor of Classics at the University of Colorado, Boulder. A specialist in the history of late antiquity, he is the author of numerous articles on military, political, cultural, and social history and the monograph Failure of Empire: Valens and the Roman State in the Fourth Century ad. Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 The Cambridge Companion to THE AGE OF CONSTANTINE S Edited by Noel Lenski University of Colorado Cambridge Collections Online © Cambridge University Press, 2007 cambridge university press Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao˜ Paulo Cambridge University Press 40 West 20th Street, New York, ny 10011-4211, usa www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521818384 c Cambridge University Press 2006 This publication is in copyright. -
The End of Local Magistrates in the Roman Empire
The end of local magistrates in the Roman Empire Leonard A. CURCHIN University of Waterloo, Canadá [email protected] Recibido: 15 de julio de 2013 Aceptado: 10 de diciembre de 2013 ABSTRACT Previous studies of the status of local magistrates in the Late Empire are unsatisfying and fail to explain when and why local magistracies ended. With the aid of legal, epigraphic, papyrological and literary sources, the author re-examines the functions and chronology of both regular and quasi-magistrates, among them the curator, defensor and pater civitatis. He finds that the expense of office-holding was only part of the reason for the extinction of regular magistracies. More critical was the failure of local magistrates to control finances and protect the plebeians. Key words: Cursus honorum. Late Roman Empire. Roman administration. Roman cities. Roman gov- ernment. Roman magistrates. El fin de los magistrados locales en el Imperio romano RESUMEN Los estudios previos relativos a la condición de los magistrados locales durante el Bajo Imperio son poco satisfactorios, porque dejan sin aclarar cuándo y cómo se extinguieron las magistraturas locales. Con ayuda de fuentes jurídicas, epigráficas, papirológicas y literarias, el autor examina de nuevo las funciones y la cronología de magistrados regulares y cuasi-magistrados, como el curator, el defensor y el pater civitatis. Se considera que los gastos aparejados a los cargos públicos explican sólo en parte la extinción de las magistraturas regulares; más crucial fue, en este sentido, el hecho de que los magistra- dos locales de este período fallasen a la hora de restringir los gastos o de proteger a los plebeyos. -
Siegfried Found: Decoding the Nibelungen Period
1 Gunnar Heinsohn (Gdańsk, February 2018) SIEGFRIED FOUND: DECODING THE NIBELUNGEN PERIOD CONTENTS I Was Emperor VICTORINUS the historical model for SIEGFRIED of the Nibelungen Saga? 2 II Siegfried the Dragon Slayer and the Dragon Legion of Victorinus 12 III Time of the Nibelungen. How many migration periods occurred in the 1st millennium? Who was Clovis, first King of France? 20 IV Results 34 V Bibliography 40 Acknowledgements 41 VICTORINUS (coin portrait) 2 I Was Emperor VICTORINUS the historical model for SIEGFRIED of the Nibelungen Saga? The mythical figure of Siegfried from Xanten (Colonia Ulpia Traiana), the greatest hero of the Germanic and Nordic sagas, is based on the real Gallic emperor Victorinus (meaning “the victorious”), whose name can be translated into Siegfried (Sigurd etc.), which means “victorious” in German and the Scandinavian languages. The reign of Victorinus is conventionally dated 269-271 AD. He is one of the leaders of the so-called Gallic Empire (Imperium Galliarum; 260-274 AD), mostly known from Historia Augusta (Thayer 2018), Epitome de Caesaribus of Aurelius Victor (Banchich 2009), and the Breviarum of Eutropius (Watson 1886). The capital city of this empire was Cologne, 80 km south of Xanten. Trier and Lyon were additional administrative centers. This sub-kingdom tried to defend the western part of the Roman Empire against invaders who were taking advantage of the so-called Crisis of the Third Century, which mysteriously lasted exactly 50 years (234 to 284 AD). Yet, the Gallic Empire also had separatist tendencies and sought to become independent from Rome. The bold claim of Victorinus = Siegfried was put forward, in 1841, by A. -
List of Approved Fire Alarm Companies
Approved Companies List Fire Alarm Company Wednesday, September 1, 2021 ____________________________________________________ App No. 198S Approval Exp: 2/22/2022 Company : AAA FIRE & SECURITY SYSTEMS Address: 67 WEST STREET UNIT 321 Brooklyn, NY 11222 Telephone #: 718-349-5950 Principal's Name: NAPHTALI LICHTENSTEIN “S” after the App No. means that Insurance Exp Date: 6/21/2022 the company is also an FDNY approved smoke detector ____________________________________________________ maintenance company. App No. 268S Approval Exp: 4/16/2022 Company : ABLE FIRE PREVENTION CORP. Address: 241 WEST 26TH STREET New York, NY 10001 Telephone #: 212-675-7777 Principal's Name: BRIAN EDWARDS Insurance Exp Date: 9/22/2021 ____________________________________________________ App No. 218S Approval Exp: 3/3/2022 Company : ABWAY SECURITY SYSTEM Address: 301 MCLEAN AVENUE Yonkers, NY 10705 Telephone #: 914-968-3880 Principal's Name: MARK STERNEFELD Insurance Exp Date: 2/3/2022 ____________________________________________________ App No. 267S Approval Exp: 4/14/2022 Company : ACE ELECTRICAL CONSTRUCTION Address: 130-17 23RD AVENUE College Point, NY 11356 Telephone #: 347-368-4038 Principal's Name: JEFFREY SOCOL Insurance Exp Date: 12/14/2021 30 days within today’s date Page 1 of 34 ____________________________________________________ App No. 243S Approval Exp: 3/23/2022 Company : ACTIVATED SYSTEMS INC Address: 1040 HEMPSTEAD TPKE, STE LL2 Franklin Square, NY 11010 Telephone #: 516-538-5419 Principal's Name: EDWARD BLUMENSTETTER III Insurance Exp Date: 5/12/2022 ____________________________________________________ App No. 275S Approval Exp: 4/27/2022 Company : ADR ELECTRONICS LLC Address: 172 WEST 77TH STREET #2D New York, NY 10024 Telephone #: 212-960-8360 Principal's Name: ALAN RUDNICK Insurance Exp Date: 1/31/2022 ____________________________________________________ App No. -
MORSE HALL CB N Floor # Fitness for a Particular Use
X170 150A 196 LOADING DN DOCK 180 170 150 UP DN X142 190F 190C 142 140 UP 190A 194 193 192 181 190B 170B 190E 170A 165 160 UP 190D 197 141 195 191 190 198 Building/Zone Western Washington University (WWU) makes these documents available on an "as is" basis. All warranties and representations of any kind with regard to said 0 8 16 documents are disclaimed, including the implied warranties of merchantability and TRUE MORSE HALL CB N Floor # fitness for a particular use. WWU does not warrant the documents against FT NORTH FLOOR 1 deficiencies of any kind. Date Revised: 12/13/2016 Last Sync With FAMIS: 09/22/2015 1 270B 270C 270A 275 270 270D 296 280 281 DN UP 290D 260 254 282 265 258 256 252 250 290N 245 283 284 290C 290W 244 290A 202 295 229 295A 230B 230A 201 210A 220A 290S 243 294 242 293 292 200 210 220 230 241 292A UP 291 200A 240 290E X290E Building/Zone Western Washington University (WWU) makes these documents available on an "as is" basis. All warranties and representations of any kind with regard to said 0 8 16 documents are disclaimed, including the implied warranties of merchantability and TRUE MORSE HALL CB N Floor # fitness for a particular use. WWU does not warrant the documents against FT NORTH FLOOR 2 deficiencies of any kind. Date Revised: 12/13/2016 Last Sync With FAMIS: 09/22/2015 2 386 385 387B 387A 383 390G 387 DN UP 396 382 380 370 360 350 388 390N 381 345 389 390C 390W 344 390S 395 310B 329 395A 310C 310A 330A 343 394 393 342 392 310 330 330B 341 392A UP 391 340 DN 390E ROOF BELOW BASE FLOOR PLAN Building Western Washington University (WWU) makes these documents available on an "as is" basis. -
The Emergence of Archival Records at Rome in the Fourth Century BCE
Foundations of History: The Emergence of Archival Records at Rome in the Fourth Century BCE by Zachary B. Hallock A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Greek and Roman History) in the University of Michigan 2018 Doctoral Committee: Professor David Potter, Chair Associate Professor Benjamin Fortson Assistant Professor Brendan Haug Professor Nicola Terrenato Zachary B. Hallock [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0337-0181 © 2018 by Zachary B. Hallock To my parents for their endless love and support ii Acknowledgements I would like to thank Rackham Graduate School and the Departments of Classics and History for providing me with the resources and support that made my time as a graduate student comfortable and enjoyable. I would also like to express my gratitude to the professors of these departments who made themselves and their expertise abundantly available. Their mentoring and guidance proved invaluable and have shaped my approach to solving the problems of the past. I am an immensely better thinker and teacher through their efforts. I would also like to express my appreciation to my committee, whose diligence and attention made this project possible. I will be forever in their debt for the time they committed to reading and discussing my work. I would particularly like to thank my chair, David Potter, who has acted as a mentor and guide throughout my time at Michigan and has had the greatest role in making me the scholar that I am today. Finally, I would like to thank my wife, Andrea, who has been and will always be my greatest interlocutor. -
Harttimo 1.Pdf
Beyond the River, under the Eye of Rome Ethnographic Landscapes, Imperial Frontiers, and the Shaping of a Danubian Borderland by Timothy Campbell Hart A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Greek and Roman History) in the University of Michigan 2017 Doctoral Committee: Professor David S. Potter, Co-Chair Professor Emeritus Raymond H. Van Dam, Co-Chair Assistant Professor Ian David Fielding Professor Christopher John Ratté © Timothy Campbell Hart [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8640-131X For my family ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Developing and writing a dissertation can, at times, seem like a solo battle, but in my case, at least, this was far from the truth. I could not have completed this project without the advice and support of many individuals, most crucially, my dissertation co-chairs David S. Potter, and Raymond Van Dam. Ray saw some glimmer of potential in me and worked to foster it from the moment I arrived at Michigan. I am truly thankful for his support throughout the years and constant advice on both academic and institutional matters. In particular, our conversations about demographics and the movement of people in the ancient world were crucial to the genesis of this project. Throughout the writing process, Ray’s firm encouragement towards clarity of argument and style, while not always what I wanted to hear, have done much to make this a stronger dissertation. David Potter has provided me with a lofty academic model towards which to strive. I admire the breadth and depth of his scholarship; working and teaching with him have shown me much worth emulating. -
21H.132S17 the Ancient World: Rome
Crisis and Recovery Image by Bibi Saint- Pol. This image is in the public domain. Image by O.Mustafin. This image is in the public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons. Source: Wikimedia Commons. From the Severan Dynasty to the Later Roman Empire 1 Septimius Severus AD 193 - 211 Image by Bibi Saint- Pol. This image is in the public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons. 2 Le Glay, Marcel, Jean-Louis Voisin, Yann Le Bohec, et al. A History of Rome. 3rd edition. Wiley- Blackwell, 2005. © Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see https://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/. 3 Caracalla 198-209 w/ Severus 209-211 w/ Severus & Geta 211-217 alone Image by Marie -Lan Nguyen. Source: Wikimedia Commons. License CC BY. 4 Macrinus, 217-218 Image by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. This image is in the public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons. 5 Julia Maesa This image is in the public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons. 6 Le Glay, Marcel, Jean-Louis Voisin, Yann Le Bohec, et al. A History of Rome. 3rd edition. Wiley- Blackwell, 2005. © Wiley-Blackwell. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our Creative Commons license. For more information, see https://ocw.mit.edu/help/faq-fair-use/. 7 Elagabalus, AD 218-222 Image courtesy of Mary Harrsch on flickr. License CC BY -NC- SA. 8 Severus Alexander, AD 222-235 Image by Jastrow. This image is in the public domain. Source: Wikimedia Commons. 9 Aurelius Victor, Lives of the Emperors 24 The emperors after [Severus Alexander], more concerned with tyrannizing their subjects than subduing foreign peoples, and with warring among themselves, precipitated the Roman state into a steep decline. -
On the Roman Frontier1
Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Impact of Empire Roman Empire, c. 200 B.C.–A.D. 476 Edited by Olivier Hekster (Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands) Editorial Board Lukas de Blois Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt Elio Lo Cascio Michael Peachin John Rich Christian Witschel VOLUME 21 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/imem Rome and the Worlds Beyond Its Frontiers Edited by Daniëlle Slootjes and Michael Peachin LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016036673 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1572-0500 isbn 978-90-04-32561-6 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-32675-0 (e-book) Copyright 2016 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA.