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Home , Comedian, Frank Dumont, The Irish Filmography, Tony Pastor, Vaudeville

A p p e n d i x : D a t a b a s e o f I r i s h Acts 1865–1905

his database lists Irish vaudeville acts as gleaned from the pages of US newspapers during the course of research for this book. It does T not aim to be exhaustive, and for a number of the acts and per- formers listed, no further information was found in other archive sources. Nevertheless, the database gives a flavor of how and the Irish were presented on the vaudeville stage, and would be helpful in supporting fur- ther research. In compiling the database, the original sources have been abbreviated as follows:

A D D Akron Daily Democrat (Akron, OH) A R Arizona Republican (Phoenix, AR) B D E Daily Eagle B D R Bisbee Daily Review (Bisbee, AR) B N Bourbon News (Paris, KY) C B Cairo Bulletin (Cairo, IL) C D L Daily Leader (Cleveland, OH) C D N Charleston Daily News C F Cambria Freeman (Ebensburg, PA) C L Cleveland Leader (Cleveland, OH) C M L Cleveland Morning Leader (Cleveland, OH) C S Coconino Sun (Flagstaff, AR) D A Daily Astorian (Astoria, OR) D B Daily Bulletin (Honolulu, HA) D C The Daily Critic (Washington, DC) D C J Daily Capital Journal (Salem, OR) D C T The Times (Washington, DC) D D Daily Dispatch (Richmond, VA) D G Daily Globe (St Paul, MN) D N R Daily National Republican (Washington, DC) 176 Appendix

D P Daily Phoenix (Columbia, SC) D P L Daily Public Ledger (Maysville, KY) D T Daily Times (Richmond, VA) D Y J Yellowstone Journal (Miles City, MO) E A Elk Advocate (Elk County, PA) E B Evening Bulletin (Maysville, KY) E C Evening Critic (Washington, DC) E C J Evening Capital Journal (Salem, OR) E S Evening Star (Washington, DC) E T Evening Times (Washington, DC) E W Evening World G D L Guthrie Daily Leader (Guthrie, OK) H E B Honolulu Evening Bulletin H G Hawaiian Gazette H J Hancock Jeffersonian (Findlay, OH) H R Honolulu Republican H W N Highland Weekly News (Hillsborough, Highland County, OH) K C J City Journal K I A Kentucky Irish American L A D H LA Daily Herald L A H LA Herald L D I Lancaster Daily Intelligencer (Lancaster, PA) L R Logan Republican (Logan, UT) M C Morning Call (San Francisco) M D A Memphis Daily Appeal M D L Marietta Daily Leader (Marietta, OH) M J Journal M P Montana Post M T Morning Times (Washington, DC) N D U Nashville Daily Union N O C New Orleans Crescent N R National Republican (Washington, DC) N U A Nashville Union and American N Y S New York Sun N Y T New York Times N Y T r i b u n e New York Tribune O D B Omaha Daily Bee P C D R Petroleum Centre Daily Record ( P A ) P D Pittsburgh Dispatch Appendix 177

P E T Evening Telegraph P J Perrysburg Journal (Perrysburg, OH) P S Paducah Sun (Paducah, KY) R D Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA) R D G Rutland Daily Globe (Rutland, VT) R T The Times (Richmond, VA) S A L San Antonio Light (San Antonio, TX) S C D Stark County Democrat (Canton, OH) S D R Springfield Daily Republic (Springfield, OH) S D R U Sacramento Daily Record-Union S F C San Francisco Call S G R Springfield Globe-Republic (Springfield, OH) S H Sunday Herald (Washington, DC) S H W N I Sunday Herald & Weekly National Intelligencer (Washington, DC) S L E D Salt Lake Evening Democrat S L H Salt Lake Herald S L R St Louis Republic S M G Sunday Morning Globe (Washington, DC) S P A St Paul Appeal (St Paul, MN) S P D G St Paul Daily Globe (St Paul, MN) S P G St Paul Globe (St Paul, MN) S S Star S T Scranton Tribune (Scranton, PA) T C The Columbian (Bloomsburg, PA) T T Tacoma Times (Tacoma, WA) T T O Tiffin Tribune (Tiffin, OH) W A M Weekly Arizona Miner (Prescott, AR) W A T Whig and Tribune (Jackson, TN) W C Washington Critic W C E Wichita City Eagle (Wichita, KA) W D E Waco Daily Examiner (Waco, TX) W E Wichita Eagle (Wichita, KA) W S Watchman and Southron (Sumter, SC) W T Washington Times

CDN, AugustCDN, 21,1865. OctoberNDU, 17,1865. CML, February 24, 1865. CML, March 1865. 14, CL, 1865. June, 10 DNR, 1865. July 10, DNR, September 13,1865. 1865. DNR, October 19, DNR, October 20,1865. DNR, December 4,1865. Source Irish . March 1865, in a “matchlessMarch delineation 1865, of Irish character.” Played the character of “Barney the Guide” in “the roaring The Irish Lion.” This character appears again in the Hibernicons staged and 1870. in 1867 Report the on former performer’s Irish characters as he performed them in . Later report notes that he had a “brilliant career as a delineator of Irish character.” “The Irish Boy and Yankee Appeared Girl.” in sketches entitled “Born to Good Luck,” “Mischievous Annie,” “Irish “Twice Lion,” Married,” and “The Yankee Housekeeper.” Scottish, and Irish melodies. by Professor Irish McEvoy, songs by “Misses Goodall and “comicalities” and Taylor,” from John Heron. Details Irish vocalist and comedian. Appeared in “The Hibernicon” in February and John Heron Dan Bryant J O’SullivanJ. Ben Wheeler Mr J and Mrs W. Florence Mr and Mrs Frank Rea Performed a selection of American, English, “The Hibernicon” splendid panorama “A of Ireland,” with a lecture Name of Act 1865

178 continued PET, March 17, 1866, 3rd Edn.: 6. March 17, PET, CDL, April 26, 1866. 1866. June 16, MP, 4th September Edn.: 10,1866, 8.PET, 4th Edn.: 3. November 17,1866, PET, Fourth 1866, December Edn.: 21, PET, 3. CDN, May 08, 1867. Fenian Brothers, “celebrated acrobats and a clowntumblers”; named Mr O’Myhoney who jumped and somersaulted through a British crown placed in the ring; a “learned elephant” named Mr Sweeney; and a musical interlude entitled Are “How Harp You, of Erin.” Patrick in Ireland, the Battle of Clontarf and a lake by moonlight. Sketch concluding a variety bill performed by Dramatic Bray’s Walter and Concert Troupe. “Mr Florence gives his inimitable ‘Paddy Rafferty’ and the ‘Returned Volunteer.’” Green Above the and Red,” danced “The Ruction and Jig” “Macgillicuddy’s Reel.” “Original of Irish and Yankee life in America and Europe.” A “musical and panoramic exhibition” with Charles MacEvoy in the role of Barney the Guide. ‘The Irish Republic’ A -type with show, acts including The The Hibernicon Blake,“Andy Or The With new scenes including the landing of St Diamond” Irish Mr and Mrs W.J Florence Dan BryantMr and Mrs Barney Williams Performed four different characters, sang “The “The Hibernicon, A or, Tour in Ireland ” 1866 1867

179 NR, December 1867. 13, PET, July 5th 20, 1868, Edn.:PET, 8. PET, September 3, 1867, 4th Edn.: 5. September 3, 1867, PET, 1867. EA, November 7, 5th Edn.: 5. 1869, May 11, PET, Source NOC, 4. March 1868: 18, 1868. 7, NYS, September 4th Edn.: March 3. 1869, 9, PET, 5th Edn.: 3. 1869, March 11, PET, MorningNOC, Edn.: 1869, March 3. 21, NUA, October 21, 1868. 21, October NUA, “Irish giant and pugilist.” “Delineations of Irish and Yankee characters.” 6. 1868: NOC, March 17, Irish singing. Irish Irish sketch. , New Orleans. the most striking scenery in the old country.” Irish comedian and vocalist. line.” Details Master.” Dancing Also performed “his great Irish character, Pat McCann.” Performed lively “some sketches in the Hibernian A “comedietta” performed at the Varieties The Florences “Irish Soldier” Mr Davis and Mrs W.H Appeared in a variety including O’Baldwin Name of Act “Our Father Sould Charcoal” William Carleton“The New Hibernicon” fine moving “A panorama illustrating some of SallieMiss IrishEldridge comedian and vocalist. dancer. and “songster” Irish Dan Bryant John Collins William CarletonAppeared in a entitled “The Dublin 1868 1869

180 continued WAM, April 9, 1870. 9, April WAM, PET, January 4th Edn.:PET, 24, 1870, 5. MDA, May 2, 1870. MDA, October 6, 1869. CDN, March 19, 1870. 1870. CDN, March 19, CDN, March 22, 1870. NUA, December 20, 1870. PET, November 4, 1870, 4th Edn.: November 4, 1870, 3. PET, HJ, May 14, 1869. HJ, May 14, ES, January 1871. 31, Performed Irish, Dutch, and Ethiopian Appeared in “Irish comicalities.” “Irish in Appeared Ireland, with music sung by Jerry Cohan who played the role of Barney the Guide. and burlesque delineator of negro character” who also appeared in other comic characters including Ned Ryan, the Irish emigrant. representative.” Irish jig dancers. Irish comedian and vocalist. Member of a troupe called Four Star , in which he performed Irish and Dutch delineations. characters. “Irish comedian, vocalist and burlesque Mr and Mrs Barney Williams “The Hibernicon” Entertainment taking the form of a tour in Harry and Rose WatkinsWheeler “Irish Family delineations.” Frank Drew McCarthy Minstrels Included Mr Wheeler as an Irish comedian. Included Harry McCarthy, a “first class minstrel August CF, 4, 1870. John Collins Fannie DeVere and Fannie DeVere Fanny May G.H. Grady Joe Murphy 1870 1871

181 PET, April 7, 1871, 5th Edn.: 3. 1871, April 7, PET, 1871. MDA, October 27, PCDR, October 28, 1871. 1872. MDA, November 11, Source DNR, January 22, 1872. NYS, February 5, 1872. February 1872. 10, WAT, NUA, March 2 1872. DNR, March 30, 1872. NR, February 1873. 14, The “celebrated champion of the fistic arena” appeared the on bill at the Olympic Varieties. Included Acton E. Kelly as Professor O’Shaughnessy and Home on Current Affairs, and a comedian called Andy Carland who impersonated an old Irish woman. “The largest and best panorama of the Emerald accompaniedIsle,” by songs, sketches, , and Irish vocalists and . Irish comedian. part inTook a sparring match at the Varieties Pittsburgh. theatre, An Irish comedian with Gaieties D’atalle’s Comique troupe. Irish comedian. Performed Irish specialties at Washington’s Comique. Theatre “Gems of Erin.” Details William Carleton and his wife appeared in Ned O’Baldwin, the Giant. Irish Baskin’s and Kirwin Minstrels Hibernian Name of Act Dr Corry’s Ireland in Shade and Sunshine John Collins RooneyPat Ned O’Baldwin, the Irish Giant The Carletons Kelly RiggsT.G. 1872 1873

182 continued CDN, February 1873. 25, ES, 1873. March 19, NYS, March 28, 1873. NR, 1873. May 16, NR, 1873. October 21, NYT, January 4, 1874. TTO, February 1874. 5, 1874. 22, February NUA, NR, February 1873. 14, NR, February 1873. 14, LADH, 1873. November 11, Performed Irish characters. A “rollicking farce” concluding a variety bill at Appeared in an Irish sketch entitled “The Beggars Ireland.” of entitled “Chris and Lena.” Comique. Theatre Washington’s Theatre Comique. Theatre Washington’s Hibernicon. pencil the contrast between the American-Irish and the old-fashioned folks of the Emerald Isle.” Panoramic views of Ireland together with Irish songs and sketches. F Lawlor asIncluded Barney W. the Guide, Neal Conway performing Irish jigs, and the singers Kate Reilly and Mary McCrea. Appeared as Barney the Guide in MacEvoy’s “Pleasing Irish actress and songstress.” “Irish Tutor” The Fieldings Baker and Farron Shirt”“Murphy’s Performed Dutch and Irish specialties in a sketch Shiel Barry Sketch concluding variety bill at Washington’s William Carleton “Distinguished Irish comedian.” Jenny Gilmer Acton Kelly “Keegan’s Tailor Shop” An Irish “comedietta” that portrayed “with a broad “Pat and“Pat Biddy” Historic Dalley’s Hibernia MacEvoy’s New Sketch referred to as “as Irish as a green neck-tie.”Hibernicon: Ireland Or, NR, January 1874. 13, America in 1874

183 NR, March 17, 1875. NR, March 17, LADH, July 23, 1874. OctoberHG, 28, 1874. FebruaryDP, 1875. 25, 1875. NUA, March 17, Source NR, 1875. March 31, NUA, March 1875. 25, LADH, 3. March 1875: 18, Appeared in “Irish, Dutch, Negro, and Chinese A panorama of Irish scenery, interspersed with Irish songs and characters, the on bill at the HawaiianRoyal Theatre. Included Jerry Irish Cohan’s delineations. 5. Part of Mrs 1874: in Maas’swhich December Troupe, SCD, he 31, performed as perfect “a darkey, an inimitable Dutchman, [and] a rollicking Irishman.” Included Dan Morris as Barney the Guide and Dublin Dan, Con T Murphy as the lecturer and tourist, Josie Morris “the dear little Irish shamrock,” and Nora O’Brien “the beautiful little Irish colleen.” .” Irish characters. Included the Irish Comedy Company. Irish sketch team. Details Mr Maas Baker’s Grand Gems Hibernian Healey and Cohan’s Hiberniana Dr Healey’s Hibernian Gems Murphy and MortonBen Wheeler Irish song and artists. Name of Act Joseph Murphy Bordwell’s Mirror of Ireland Ed Murray and Alice Ross 1875

184 continued NR, May 6, 1875. NR, September 28, 1875. NR, June 8, 1875. NR, April 1875. 13, NR, February 22, 1876. NR, August 23, 1875. NR, August 1875. 25, NR, September 20, 1875. NR, September 1875. 18, NR, 1875. November 25, 1875. MDA, December 15, CB, December 1875. 16, NR, May 3, 1875. NR, 1875. May 10, NR, February 1876. 7, NR, January 24, 1876. “Irish character, vocalist, dialogue and specialty Irish comedian. Brothers.” Irish sketch artists. Irish comedy and specialty including company, the Hibernian Minstrels. Irish songs and dances. performed in a sketch entitled “The Irish Servants.” “Irish and Negro sketches.” artist.” Irish comedian. Irish character artists. “Mirth-provoking Irish comedian.” Harrigan and HartJames and Welch Maud Appeared in newLemoine entitled “The Doyle McCullough and FrielsMacEvoy’s New Irish characterizations. Hibernicon Annie and Andy Hughes “Irish dialect, song and dance artists” who William and Sadie Hasson Bob Scott Billy Carroll Frank Mara Murphy and Mack Irish character artists. John and Maggie Fielding John Williams Harry Kernell 1876

185 RDG, October 20, 1876. NR, October 19, 1877. NR, October 19, NR, October 1877. 29, NR, December 17, 1877. NR, December 17, NR, 1876. November 16, NR, November 20, 1876. NR, August 26, 1878. BDE, May 2, 1876: 4.BDE, May 2, 1876: RDG, 1876. May 25, NR, August 26, 1878. Source NR, February 26, 1878. NR, September 3, 1878. Irish comedian. Irish comedian. Irish comedian. Included Hibernian McEvoy’s Irish Brigade. WCE, January 3, 1878. Panoramic views of Ireland together with sketches and songs. Company was headed by Sadie McGill and Bryan O’Lynn. “Troubles in“Troubles a Tenement.” Details Performed “Irish gems.” Hugh Fay Scanlan and Cronin Irish comedians. Healey’s Hibernian Minstrels Sellon and Burns “The Irish Giants.” Ferguson and Mack F Ward J. of Irish “Autocrats comedy.” Malkin and BryanMaud Palmer Irish comedians. Sheehan and Jones Irish comedians. McGill and Strong’s Company Minstrel Dan Nash Mackin and Bryant Performed Irish specialties. Name of Act Conroy and Daly Irish comedians, appeared in a sketch entitled 1878 1877

186 continued HWN, September 26, 1878. DG, November 1879. 5, LDI, January 1880. 1, LDI, January 6, 1880. MarchDD, 1880. 5, recitations.” Irish sketch team.some reputation.” Performed the character “McCormick the Copper” with the New Orleans Minstrels. DG, November 23, 1879. and comedy.” Billy Wylie Irish comedian, referred to as variety “a of Billy and Nellie HassonGerin and Hayden Irish sketch team.“The Irish Piano-Four” German and Irish specialties.Dick and Fitzgerald Comedy sketch.Deana and John Performed “Ethiopian scenes” and “Irish dialect Shepard DG, November 22, 1878. 1878. NR, November 19, Harry and John Kernell HunterGeorge W. “Original Irish comiques.”Archie McCarthy, “the Irish negro.” NR, 1879. July 1, Irish comedian.Howard and CoyneConway and Egan “Great impersonators of Irish character.” Irish vocalists and dancers. LDI, January 6, 1880. 1880. SH, March 21, LDI, February 1880. 13, SH, April 4, 1880. Hibernian Troubadours “Delineators of pure and unadulterated Irish 1880 1879

187 LDI, May 26, 1881. EC, 1881. July 25, SDRU, March 21, 1881. MarchSDRU, 21, 1881. DA, April 17, 1881. LDA, September 17, TC, August 1881. 5, Source LDI, February 8, 1882. LDI, February 1882. 16, MarchODB, 8. 6, 1882: LDI, February 1882. 15, Negro eccentricities.” Irish comedian. Show included two nineteen Irish men,” “end vaudeville artists, and “the beautiful scenery of Ireland.” Programme included “A Trip ThroughProgramme Trip the included “A Isle.” Emerald John Gilbert and John Hart as the characters of Mike Muldoon and Dennis Mulcahey. Kelly and Ryan comedy sketch. called Hughes. The Two Details Gus Hill’s VarietiesFerguson and Mack Variety company including “Dutch, Irish and Harry Mullen Kelly and Hanly Irish comedians. Healey’s Hibernian Minstrels Irish sketch artists. Dan Morris Sullivan’s “Mirror of Ireland” and the Irish Comedy Company. Name of Act “Muldoon’s Picnic” “That funniest of Irish sketches,” with the dialect “Muldoon’s Blunders, or “Muldoon’s That Man Galway” From “Irish Servants” A “laughable Irish sketch” performed by a team 1881 1882

188 continued EC, July 17, 1882. EC, July 17, ODB, MarchODB, 8. 6, 1882: NR, 1882. June 5, DG, July 30, 1882. EC, August 22, 1882. LDI, August 26, 1882. DecemberODB, 2, 1882. DG, December 1882. 10, SLH, December 1882. 14, WDE, March 1882. 18, EC, July 3, 1882. Sketch included variety on bill at the Fulton Sketch featuring the Irish comedians Condon “One of the“One best female Irish specialty Performed Irish songs and imitations. “A very refined“A and pleasing Irish sketch.” SLH, December 1882. 14, “Delineator of Irish comicalities.” Valentine. and Cavy. House. Opera Irish wit.” concluded a by “The Big Four” Company. Minstrel performers the on American stage.” Appeared in a “Chinese Irish sketch.” Irish team. Performance comprised of “local take-offs and Flora Moore Paddy andPaddy Ella MurphyMaggie Cline “Refined Irish sketch artists.” “The Irish Emigrants” Sketch featuring the dialect“Irish team Widows” Mark and “Irish Patrol” Kelly and Ryan “O’Reilly’s Party”Kelly and Ryan Irish sketch featuring Murray and Murphy, Charles McCarthy and Monroe George Flora Moore Jas C. Kennery and Chas Hagen

189 SPDG, March 2, 6. 1884: DG, June 24, 1883: 1. DG, June 24, 1883: NR, February 6. 2, 1883: NY January Tribune, 7. 28, 1883: DG, February 6. 1883: 18, DG, February 4. 1883: 18, 2. BDE, 1883: May 13, DG, August 1883. 29, Source NYS, January 1884. 29, SPDG, March 20, 1884. DG, June 24, 1883: 6. DG, June 24, 1883: “The only lady in the country who does Irish Irish character artist. character in male attire.” the ‘shanty Irish’ on the outskirts of New York.” “Felix Bradley’s Surprise.” Aristocracy Company. Aristocracy Toured New EnglandToured with their Irish featuring Dan Sully. Irishman” and Billy Barry as “his jolly old- fashioned friend.” Details Murphy and MackEllen Banks Irish impersonators. “Squatter Sovereignty” Harrigan and Hart “illustrat[ing] play, the life of Hanley and LoganThe Four Shamrocks Act billed as “The Slender Six Foot Nigs.”Sweeny and Ryland Irish variety team, appeared in a sketch entitled Belle Gray Barry and Fay Billed as the “Irish autocrats.” DG, April 7. 8, 1883: “McSorley’s Inflation” Harrigan and Hart play. Name of Act “Mulcahy’s Jubilee” Irish theatre play Pastor’s performed at Tony Morren and Norton“Irish Aristocracy” “The neat Irish sketch team.” With Hugh as Fay “the would-be aristocratic 1883 1884

190 continued DYJ, May 11, 1884. DYJ, May 11, SAL, June 8, 1885. 3. SPDG, July 22, 1885: SAL, May 17, 1884. SAL, May 17, 6. 1884: SPDG, September 21, 5. SPDG, November 24, 1884: SGR, February 22, 1885. SPDG, May 18, 1885: 8. 1885: SPDG, May 18, SLH, April 6, 1884. DYJ, May 22, 1884. SGR, May 3, 1885. Irish team. Variety team. Irish comedian. Irish comedy afterpiece with Donnelly and Drew. Irish comedy afterpiece with Donnelly and Drew. 3. SPDG, 1885: July 29, the old humorous type of Hibernians.” “Irish business.” Irish comedy with Barry and Fay. Irish sketch entitled “The Cranky “The Micks.” entitled sketch Irish Irish comedian. “Riley’s Birthday Party” Irish comedy afterpiece with Donnelly and Drew. SPDG, August 3. 6, 1885: “Two Men of Sandy “Two Bar” “Unneighborly Neighbors” The Carletons The Four CometsSullivan and Casey Vaudeville team including two performers “of “The Emigrants” Performed “breakneck Irish songs and dances.” andWelker Huckins 5. SPDG, November 24, 1884: “Dynamite” Sketch featuring Baker and Farron that included IrishBilly sketch Wolf team. The Irish Four McGowan and O’NeillSheridan and Flynn Irish sketch team. Billed as “The Milesian Mimics,” appeared in an Ed C. Kennedy 1885

191 ODB, MarchODB, 5. 3, 1886: SAL, November 12, 1885. WS, January 1886 19, 1886. December 15, DT, TC, January 22, 1886. LDI, March 12, 1886. Source 1886. DB, March 17, NR, 1886. March 31, WC, April 2, 1886. SPDG, November 15, 1885. SPDG, November 15, LDI, September 1886. 18, Irish comedian. Irish comedy afterpiece with Donnelly and Drew. SAL, November 28, 1885. Emerald Isle” and including a comedy piece Dans.” entitled “Two Included scenes of Ireland and Tim and Jerry Cohan as guides. Drew. Irish comedy afterpiece with Donnelly and Drew. SAL, November 28, 1885. Irish comedian. Performed a range of characters, including one Muldoon. Mr called Irish comedian. Performed Irish songs and sayings. Irish specialties. Details Howorth’s Hibernica Show presenting “panoramic views of the O’Brien and Redding“Tralee” Irish sketch artists. “Mrs Maloney’s Boarders” Hibernian Harrigan’s Company of Irish and Tourists American Miles Morris Name of Act “The Big Ham Bone” Irish comedy afterpiece with Donnelly and Sam Ryan MillisFred W. John Fox Harry Kernell and Sam Ryan 1886

192 continued NR, January 22, 1887. 3. SPDG, January 1887: 31, 5. 1887: HG, May 10, ].” WC, December 2, 1886. sic Irish Boarders.” Irish Irish act, with dressed Watson as a woman. sketches. character SDR, April 1887. 25, Picnic.” Irish comedy sketch.“The Irish Embassadors [ SLED, 1886. November 29, McGregor and Shannon Performed a that included Irish John T. KellyJohn T. John C. and Fox Watson F. Thomas Irish comedian, appeared in sketch entitled “Our The OsburnsKelly and MurphyMorris CathcartLanagan and Haggarty Irish boxing act. “Greatest of all Irish delineators.” Irish sketch artists. Irish comedian. 6. SPDG, August 1887: 14, BDE, 3. September 6, 1887: 1887. November 29, SDRU, WE, 4. September 24, 1887: “The O’Reagans”Armstrong and McBride Edward Harrigan play. Wardrobe”“Pat’s An “Irish Company” Tourist act.Gibson and Ryan Irish comedy with and Pat Katie Rooney. Irish comedians, appeared in “Muldoon’s SPDG, January 5. 2, 1887: 1887. SDR, January 17, NY December Tribune, 4. 1886: 9, “Dunc McDonald’s Arrival” Heffernan and McDonald 1887

193 NYT, March 21, 1888: 2.NYT, 1888: March 21, BDE, November 13, 1888: 4. BDE, 1888: November 13, ECJ, 1888. June 5, Part 1888, I: 5. NovemberODB, 11, 1889. WC, May 21, ODB, FebruaryODB, 8. 26, 1888: 5. MarchODB, 1888: 25, AprilODB, 22, Part 1888, I: 7. 1889. WC, May 21, SPDG, August 8. 1889: 25, SPDG, November 11, 1888: 2. 1888: SPDG, November 11, Source “Our Irish Visitors.” Irish duets and dances. Appeared in a sketch entitled Irish “An Stew.”Irish comedy ever written.” April ODB, 22, Part 1888, I: 7. Riley and Wolfe. Irish sketch artists. Irish comedians. Details Irish comedian. “An Irish comedian of a type opposite to Kernell’s.” to type a opposite of comedian Irish “An NYS, November 5. 1888: 18, James Drew Murray and Murphy and Tennyson “Noted vaudeville specialists” who appeared in O’Gormon James Reilly “Senator McFee” Vaudeville sketch referred to as “the funniest Hoey and DaleyBurns and DonnellyDolan Brothers Kelly John T. Irish Irish comedians. comedians. Clark and Angeline Irish sketch team. Jones and Edwards“Flanagan’s Troubles” Irish comedians. A musical skit featuring Mullen and Dunn and Harry and John KernellThe Osbornes Referred to as “two of the best Irish comedians.” NYS, February 9. 12, 1888: Name of Act 1889 1888

194 continued SPDG, August 8. 1889: 25, 10. SPDG, November 3, 1889: BDE, October 7, 1890: 4. 1890: BDE, October 7, DC, 1890. November 29, SLH, July 1, 1890: 5. 1890: SLH, July 1, . After Dark “McCarthy’s Mishaps.” “McCarthy’s “The Irish Thrushes,” appeared in a sketch Fagans.” “The entitled vaudeville programme, in the one-act comedy Elopement.” “McFadden’s in Boucicault’s play Tenants.” “The John and Mamie ClineFerguson and Mack “Irish specialty duo.” Irish comedians, appeared in a sketch entitled SPDG, September 3. 22, 1889: Billy McCoy and McAvoy Minnie John A. Coleman Irish dancer. NYT, April 12. 6, 1890: Gilthrup and KeenanQuinley and Fagan Irish comedian.John E. Drew Irish reel and jig dancers. Irish and German comedian. 2. 1890: BDE, April 19, 2. 1890: BDE, April 19, 5. 1890: SPDG, April 27, Sadie ConnollyHarry Kernell “The Irish dialect comedienne.” Appearing in his own company’s “high-class” 11. 1890: SPDG, November 16, Daly and DevereBobby GaylorConroy and Mack Irish sketch artists. Irish comedian, appeared in the scene Irish comedians, appeared in a sketch entitled 1890. WC, May 17, Pat MurphyPat Irish comedian. January Sporting EW, Extra: 20, 1891, 2. 1890 1891

195 (Richmond, November 22, VA), SPDG, February 17, 1891: 3. 1891: SPDG, February 17, EW, January 20, 1891, Sporting JanuaryEW, Extra: 20, 1891, 2. PD, April 19, 1891, part II: 14. 1891, AprilPD, 19, Times 1891. NYS, November 26, 1891. SPDG, January 8. 1892: 10, SHWNI, October 4, 1891: 7. SHWNI, 7. October 4, 1891: SH, 04 October 1891. SPDG, January 8. 1892: 10, ODB, January 25,1891, Part II: 13. JanuaryODB, 25,1891, EW, May 26, 1891: 3. May 26, 1891: EW, Source PD, February 15, 1891, Part II: 14. February 1891, PD, 15, . After Dark show entitled “Our Irish Visitors.” “Peck’s Bad Boy.” appeared in the music hall scene of Boucicault’s play sketch entitled “Peck’s Bad Boy.” Bad “Peck’s entitled sketch “The true Irish girl.” Irish team. Irish comedian. Details Thomas E. Murray actor “An of Harrigan’s type” who appeared in a Barry and Bannon Irish comedians appeared in a sketch entitled John L. Sullivan Irish boxer turned vaudeville actor. Sweeney and Ryland These “refined Irish punsters” from vaudeville Reynolds and SpiresCollins and WelchDave Roach Irish comedians. Spencer and Simonds Irish sketch team. Charles McCarthy F. Appeared in sketch entitled “Irish students.”Barry and Bannon capital “A of Irish women.” 15. NYS, 1891: May 31, “Celebrated Irish comedians,” performed in a NYS, 15. September 6, 1891: Annie Gerard Name of Act Murphy and CrossKittie Morris and Henry Williams Irish comedians. 1892

196 continued EW, February 7, 1893, Extra February 1893, edn.:EW, 5. 7, PD, April24. PD, 3, 1892: NYT, November 13, 1892: 13. NYT, 1892: November 13, ODB, JanuaryODB, 3. 1893: 10, NYT, 21. July 2, 1893: SLH, September 24, 1893. JanuaryODB, 8. 23, 1894: NYS, 7. October 30, 1892: NYT, January 10. 1894: 14, NYT, January 10. 1894: 14, NYT, January 10. 28, 1894: EW, October 31, 1893, Extra 1893, edn.: October 5. 31, EW, EW, March Extra 12,EW, 1892, edn.: 3. NYS, 3. May 20, 1892: Irish comedian and dancer. Appeared rough-and-ready in “a Irish sketch” at Performed a sketch entitled “The Wild Irish West.” BDE, January 29, 1893: 4. dialect. appeared in a comedy entitled “McFee of Dublin.” Proctor’s. Performed a Dutch and Irish act. Irish comedian who sang and told stories in Irish comedian. Popular Irish comedian (from Kelly and Ryan) Irish character impersonations. McCabe and Daniels Irish comedians. Burke Brothers John Kernell LeroyWalter andWebster Conlin Irish comedians. and Webster Condon Irish comedians. Bonnie Thornton Irish singer. Burns and Donnelly Irish comedians. Donnelly and GirardJohn T Kelly Irish team. Tim Cronin The Nawns Daly and Devere Irish sketch team. Frank Manning and Wolley Mack T. J. Murphy J. T. 1894 1893

197 NYT, August 11. 12, 1894: EW, July 10, 1894, Brooklyn 1894, July 10, lastEW, edn.: 5 NYT, July 15, 1894: 21. 1894: NYT, July 15, NYT, August 11. 12, 1894: EW, April Extra 3, 1894, EW, edn.: 5. EW, June 23, 1894, Last June 23, 1894, edn.:EW, 6. NYT, 21. July 8, 1894: NYT, August 11. 12, 1894: August ExtraEW, 1894, 18, edn.: 4. NYT, February 15. 1894: 18, NYT, May 13, 1894: 12. NYT, 1894: May 13, 10. 1894: MayODB, 13, 12. 1894: NYT, June 10, August extraEW, 1894, 25, edn. 5. NYT, July 21. 22, 1894: EW, April Extra 3, 1894, EW, edn.: 5. NYT, 3. April 1894: 25, Source MC, June 17, 1894: 16. 1894: MC, June 17, Irish monologuist. Appeared in “Tim Sullivan’s Chowder.” Irish comedian. Girl.” Flower Sketch featuring Charles Monk and Edward T. McNeil. W. Irish comedian. “The Irish ‘Jap.’” Details Billed as “The Irish Queen.” Tom Flynn Tom Conroy and Fox andWard LynchMcBride and GoodritchRowland and Keene Irish sketch Irish artists. comedians. Irish comedians.Steve Maley “Ireland vs. ” Irish comedians. AmericanTwo Macs Sketch featuring and Watson West. Russell Brothers “The Irish Swells.” Appeared in new sketch entitled “Mamie the “The Divil’s in the Irish” John and Mac James W. Murphy and Raymond Billed Irish as Sports” “Two Annie Hart Irish comedians. Cain and OrndorffYank Omo German and Irish “character artists.” Name of Act McBride and FlynnBertha Brush Ricks J. Pat Irish comedians.

198 continued NYT, 10. September 1894: 9, NYT, November 11,1894: 10. NYT, November 11,1894: NYT, 10. December 1894: 16, SPDG, March 10, 1895: 10. SPDG, March 1895: 10, NYT, 10. September 1894: 9, 10. 1894: NYT, October 7, NYT, October 13. 28, 1894: 10. 1894: NYT, November 11, MC, February 16. 3, 1895: SFC, May 6, 1895. NYT, 10. September 1894: 9, NYT, 10. September 1894: 9, 13. NYT, 1894: October 14, NYT, 10. December 1894: 16, WT, April PartWT, II: 28, 11. 1895, Irish sketch team. Knockabout Irish comedians. comedians” appeared in a skit entitled “Duffy’s Blunders.” Rolling Mill Man.” Mill Rolling company. Irish comedians. Irish comedian. “The master spirit billed of Irish as humor,” “The Irish comedians. Conley and Madden ReillyPat Irish comedians. Clark and AngelineEdward O’ConnerTim Healy and William Appeared in a sketch entitled “Irish Comfort.”Teed Irish comedian. Fisher and Carroll NYT, October 13. 28, 1894: Ritchie and Ritchie Irish comedians. Appeared in an Irish sketch. Barney Ferguson “The recognized leader of Irish vaudeville Scanlon and Kilroy Irish comedians. John W. Kelly John W. The Hamiltons Murphy and McCoy“Slattery’s Reception” Irish comedians. Irish comedy performed by Gus Hill’s vaudeville Davis and Lacy The Marlons 1895

199 SPDG, 8. May 26, 1895: MT October 27, 1895, Part II: 12. 1895, MT October 27, 3. December 1895: ET, 14, MT, AprilMT, 26, Part 1896, II: 12. Part 1896, II: 13 June 7, MT, ODB January 8. ODB 1896: 21, MT, October 13, 1895, Part II: October 12. 1895, 13, MT, MT 5. September 1896: 1, RD, August 15, 1895: 4.RD, August 1895: 15, SPDG, June 26, 1895: 4. SPDG, June 26, 1895: BDE, February 23. 1896: 16, Source RD, September 2. 4, 1896: MT, May 19, 1896: 4. 1896: May 19, MT, “The Irish Duchess.” Appeared referred Elopement,” in “McFadden’s to as “thoroughly clean and wholesome in tone.” Irish sketch featuring the team of Hughes, Morton, McBride and Walton. Irish and Dutch team. Details Irish comedian and dancer. “The Irish ventriloquist.” Herbert CawthorneLeslie and TenleyEd Rodgers Irish comedian. Irish comedians. Jester McAvoy and May Irish comedians. Russell BrothersGilmore and LeonardPollie Holmes “Representative Irish comedians.” Appeared in sketch entitled Off-uns.” “The Two Part September II: 1895, 12. MT, 29, Name of Act McCarty and ReynoldsMiles and Ireland Irish sketch artists and dancers. John Kernell Irish dancers. “The Arrival of McGuinness” Lalor and ChesterMorton and MackEd Sanford and James “The IrishLee Lords.” “Irish comedians, bagpipe players and dancers.” SFC, 24. May 3, 1896: 1896

200 continued NYS, November 11, 1896: 7. 1896: NYS, November 11, December 4. MT, 8, 1896: ET, April 1897. 29, ET, Servant Girls.” featuring a tramp and the Irish wife of a farmer. Irish comedy sketch. Baby.” the 5. 1897: April ST, 17, Edward HeffernanRussell Brothers “The clever Irish monologuist.” Appeared in an “up-to-date” version of “Irish 7. 1896: November SFC 27, “One Phase“One of Life” Vaudeville sketch performed theatre at Proctor’s Perry and BurnsGracie and ReynoldsDillon and GarlandConroy Irish and comedians. McDonald “Some clever Irish work.” “Mary McFadden’s Irish sketch Irish artists. comedians.Eccentricities” 5. January 1897: ET, 19, 4. 1897: February ET, 17, 13. 1897: March ODB, 21, 4. SPG, April 1897: 13, Dan McCarthy Appeared in sketch entitled “Dominick, Mind Conroy and McFarlandLeland and Leslie Irish comedians.Kennedy and BryceFrancis Bryant Irish boxing act.Barney Ferguson Irish comedians.Conroy and McFarland “Exponents of Irish comedy.” Irish monologue artist. Irish comedian. NYS, 10. May 2, 1897: August ET, 1897. 25, 1897. June 14, ODB, 4. June 26, 1897: ET, 7. SFC, July 23, 1897: August ET, 1897. 25, 1897

201 RD, August 31, 1897: 4. RD, August 1897: 31, RD, September 1, 1897: 4. RD, September 1897: 1, JanuaryDCT, 4. 20, 1898: DCT, JanuaryDCT, 4. 20, 1898: DCT, August 29, 1897, Part II: 13. AugustDCT, 1897, 29, Source 9. NovemberKCJ, 14,1897: 10. 1897: NY November Tribune, 21, MDL, 1898. February 17, 12. 1898: MarchKCJ, 17, MarchKCJ, 9. 20, 1898: DCT, October 31 1897, Part II: 16. 1897, OctoberDCT, 31 24. 1897: BDE, November 7, RT, September 1, 1897: 6. September 1897: 1, RT, “Singer of Irish and negro songs.” Irish comedians. T Barnum’s original“P. Irish woman.” Copper and the Kid.” Details Appeared in an Irish comedy sketch. Irish comedians. the ranks of vaudeville.” Mr Daly played an Irish woman. washer Irish comedian. Name of Act Dave Conroy and Phil McFarland Marron and JamesThe Rossley BrothersDick Sands Billed as “The Boys of Kilkenny.” Irish character comedians and dancers. Finley and Tuhey “Irish dancers and bagpipes.” Ahern and PatrickBogert and O’Brien Appeared in an “Irish travesty” entitled “The “Eccentric musical comedians.” Conroy and McFarland Irish comedians. John Brock Dan Gracey and Ada Burnett McCale and McDaniels, “The American Macs” Nellie Waters Daly and Devere of the cleverest “Two comedy sketch artists in 1898

202 continued ODB, October 16, 1898: 15. OctoberODB, 1898: 16, DecemberPJ, 24, 1898. ST, April 12,ST, 1898. vaudeville performers including Bartlett and the HanleysMay, and Lea Peasley. “Negro and Irish comedians.” Osgood played the the played Osgood comedians.” Irish and “Negro character. Irish by Shea’s Comediansby Shea’s at the Linden Theatre, Scranton OH. Morton and Slater appeared in “a very amusing Irish sketch.” Touhey and MackTouhey Conroy and McCoy in Woman the Case”“A Act singing Irish songs. An Irish Irish farce comedians. comedy featuring “high-class” 8. October 1898: 25, ET, 26. SPG, December 1898: 18, Perry and BurnsWakefieldMcCarthy and ReynoldsSheehan and Irish Kennedy character “Irish singing sketch and artists. talking comedians.”“Casey’s Wife” “Irish travesty actors.”John Shannon and “The Irish Duke.”Harry Osgood 1898. July 9, RT, Jewish-Irish comedy sketch. 4. RD, August 1898: 27, September 8. 3, 1898: ET, October SPA, 8, 1898. August ODB, 8. 24, 1898: Gannon BrothersPerry and Burns TierneyJohn T. McDonald “The Brothers greatest of all knockabout Irish sketch teams.” Irish dialect EB, act. June 4, 1898. Performer with Dutch Irish and brogue. Irish comedians. 2. RD, July 12, 1898: June 24, 1898. RT, 2. RD, July 12, 1898: Gilmore and LeonardMorton and Slater Kings.” comedians known as “Ireland’s Vaudeville 1898. March SPA, 19, Headed a vaudeville programme performed

203 ET, March 21, 1899: 8. 1899: MarchET, 21, ODB, March 19, 1899: 15. 1899: MarchODB, 19, ODB, January 31, 1899: 2. JanuaryODB, 1899: 31, SFC, April 23, 1899. DCT, JanuaryDCT, 5. 1899: 5, SPG, 20. January 1899: 15, 3. JanuaryKCJ, 1899: 19, SPG March 4. 6, 1899: 2.SPG April 1899: 18, 3. 1905: NY May Tribune, 7, SFC, 29. May 28, 1899: Source ODB, May 21, 1899: 15. 1899: MayODB, 21, Stage name of Irish comedian James Curran. 4. NYS, 1899: April 15, comedy.” English, German, Irish, Scotch and negro bands.” Performed “thoroughly characteristic Irish comedy and songs, with an almost irreproachable brogue.” Irish comedian. “The Old Neighborhood.” Irish comedians. Irish comedian. Details “Ideal imitators of Irish character.” Leonard and FultonConroy and McDonald Performed “something in the line of Irish The Columbian Four “Irish singers, dancers and storytellers.” Act included “very clever imitations of Chinese, TierneyJohn T. andTenley SimondsMike McGee Gleason Tom Irish comedians. Irish monologist. Ed Dolan Callahan and Mack andFox Summers Appeared in Irish at Pastor’s comedy entitled James B and Fanny Donovan “The Irish Entertainers.” Dan Gracey Name of Act The Nawns 1899

204 continued (Honolulu), June 15, 1899. June 15, (Honolulu), (Newport July 18, News, VA), (Newport July 19, News, VA), EB, June 12, 1899. Independent 1899. Daily Press 1899. 8. 1899: October 10, ET, Daily Press greatest aggregation of vaudeville talent ever seen in time.” Honolulu at one “one of the foremost“one Irish comedians” while Miss Connors was of the greatest “one exponents of shouting’‘coon on the stage.” millionaires.” Appeared jolly Rovers” as in “Two O’Rourke and O’Reilly, “among the most impressive Celts to be found the on vaudeville stage.” “The Coming Man” A “laughable Irish farce,” described as “the Connors and Connors Male-female team. Mr Connors referred to as Gallagher and Barnett “The kings also of Irish Kelly billedPat comedy,” as “Irish Campbell and CaulfieldSheehan and Kennedy “Irish Emperors.”Perry and Burns Irish comedians.Ryan and Richfield “King of Irish Leonard comedians.”John F. and Sherman Wade Irish storytellers. Appeared in sketch Headless entitled “A Man.”John and Eunice Patten September 6. 26, ET, 1899: Irish comedy team. August 3. 1899: RT, 13, 5. SFC, August 1899: 7, 5. 1899: September 19, ET, September 6. 26, ET, 1899: 1899. November BN, 10, The Three La Raines andWright Wakefield acrobatic “An Irish comedy act.” Irish “An turn full of fun and ginger.” 1899. ADD, July 18,

205 SPG, November 19, 1899: 28. 1899: SPG, November 19, SPG, December 8. 26, 1899: NY July Tribune, 22, 1900: 14. BDE, March 4, 1900: 24. BDE, March 4, 1900: 24. Part 1900, May 13, DCT, II: 5. ET, December 7, 1899: 4. 1899: DecemberET, 7, Source February Part 1900, DCT, II: 5. 11, DCT, June 16, 1900: 7. June 16, DCT, NY 1900: 14. July Tribune, 1, ST, MarchST, 8, 1900: 10. DCT, AprilDCT, Part 8, 1900, II: 5. “Jovial Irish comedian.” Played the Irish cook in “Why Smith Left Home.” vaudeville” programme. Details Appeared in an Irish farce as part of a “polite Irish comedian. The “greatest exponent of Irish comedy.”Performed “comedy acts of mystery” in a vaudeville programme at Glen Echo Park. ADD, April 1900: 6. 13, Irish comedians. Pat ReillyPat Leonard and Fulton Irish sketch artists. Name of Act Conroy and McDonaldMcCale and Daniels “Kings of Irish fun.” The Nawns Appeared in act entitled “The Irish Tourists.”Conroy and McDonald Irish vaudeville NY November Tribune, 8. 26, comedians. 1899: Annie Yeamans Welch BrothersWelch Smith O’Brien Evans and DeveesFilmore and MackSullivan and Keeler Performed refined in “a Irish comedy sketch.”Joe Flynn Performed rollicking in “a Irish comedy sketch.” Irish comedians. 1900: 5. SPG, March 27, 1900: 5. SPG, March 27, Crane the Irish Magician Manning and DavisLottie Simonds West Appeared in “The Irish Pawnbroker.” “The Irish countess.” 1900

206 continued RT, December 1900. 9, RT, ET, November 13 1900: November 5. 13 ET, ET, November 1, 1900: 8. November 1, ET, DCT, September PartDCT, 1900, 16, II: 4. DCT, October 7, 1900, Part 1900, II: 5. OctoberDCT, 7, KIA, 1900. October 27, 1900. HEB, November 7, 1900: 7. November 27, DCT, NY July Tribune, 22, 1900: 14. NY July Tribune, 22, 1900: 14. SLR, Part September 1900, II: 9, 7. EB, September 12, 1900. NY July Tribune, 22, 1900: 14. SLR, September Part 1900, II: 9, 7. DCT, December Part 1900, DCT, II: 9, 4. SPG, October 21, 1900: 24. 1900: SPG, October 21, DCT, October 21, 1900, Part 1900, II: October 5. DCT, 21, “Comedy acrobats,” appeared as part of “Irish Irish sketch. Bial’s. of vaudeville.” week” at Koster and Bial’s theatre. “The Irish Wit.” Ascot and Eddy andWood StoneFisher and Carroll Acrobats, also bill on for Irish week at Koster and andDenton Dallon Irish comedians. “Celtic ” billed as “the original Irish fusiliers “Artistic Irish comedy artists.” Casey and LeclairGallagher and Barrett andTenley Simonds “The “Irish Irish character millionaires.” sketchists.” “Pipe Dream” Sheehan “Natural and Kennedy Irish comedians.” James F Leonard “Kings of Irish comedy.” Lawrence CraneManning and Davis Irish comedian. “The Irish Adonis Appeared musician.” in “The Irish Pawnbroker.” The Rixfords Byron and Langdon Act included Irish songs. Sheehan and KennedyJoseph Sullivan J. Irish sketch artists. Joe Flynn “Irish character work.”

207 KIA, January 12, 1901. SPG, May 26, 1901. RT, January 13, 1901: 10. JanuaryRT, 1901: 13, Part I: 9. SLR, 1901, August 11, KIA, 1901. August 17, KIA, August 24, 1901. SPA, May 18, 1901. May 18, SPA, 28. 1901: SPG, June 9, AR, January 2, 1901. HR, January 1901. 1, 7. MJ, February 1901: 15, KIA, January 26, 1901. Source MJ, January 15, 1901: 7. MJ, January 1901: 15, SPG, April 7, 1901: 24. 1901: SPG, April 7, Irish and Dutch act. Appeared in “an Irish character sketch” entitled Naughty“Her Brother.” The Orpheum, “the only vaudeville house in Honolulu.” Details Cunningham and FaganMurphy and Nolan “The Irish tourists.” McCale and DanielsNellie Hill and Hattie “The Happy Irishmen.” Miles Irish comedians. AmericanTwo MacsFitzgibbons, McCoy and Fitzgibbons Irish comedians. Sullivan and InmanMcFarland and MurrayMorrisey and Rich “Irish funmakers.” Irish comedians. McFarland and Murray andTenley Simonds “The Irish Ambassadors.” Irish comedians. Murray and McFarlandMcFarland “The and Murray natural Irish comedians.” Irish knockabout act. “Jolly Irish comedians.” “An Irish“An Christmas” A musical part comedy, of the vaudeville bill at Name of Act 1901

208 continued SPG, November 11, 1901: 4. 1901: SPG, November 11, KIA, 1901. September 21, NY Tribune, October 20, 1901: 12. NY October Tribune, 20, 1901: 14. 1901: NY November Tribune, 17, KIA, September 1901. 14, 12. NY October Tribune, 20, 1901: 12. NY October Tribune, 20, 1901: 8. 1901: OctoberSMG, 27, WT, October 3, 1901: 5. OctoberWT, 3, 1901: WT, November 24, 1901, Part II: 4. November 24, 1901, WT, SPG, November 11, 1901: 4. 1901: SPG, November 11, 4. MJ, 1901: November 13, SPA, November 2,SPA, 1901. “the original delineator of negro and Irish Appeared in an “Irish repartee act.” Tenants.” . “Why Doogan entitled sketch in Appeared Off.” Swore Appeared in “The Irish Pawnbroker.” “Leaders in extravagant Irish comedy.” melodies” appeared at the Buckingham Theatre, KY. Louisville Wrothe andWrothe WakefieldSpencer Brothers Irish sketch team. James B and Fannie Donovan Casey and LeClair Irish comedians and dancers. Miles and Nitram Appeared in a sketch entitled “The Irish Mr and Mrs Mark Murphy Appeared in an Irish sketch 58th at Proctor’s Markey and StewartBryant and BrennanJames Wesley and “Irish monologue and parody singers.” William billed Murray, Irish comedians. as Macs.” “The Two AmericanThe Two Macs Conway and HeldCallahan and Mack Irish sketch artists. “Exceptionally clever Irish comedians.” Nellie Waters

209 MJ, December 28, 1901. Source JanuaryWT, 2. 12,1902: SLR, January 26, Part 1902, III: 6. FebruaryWT, 2. 1902: 9, 7. MJ, 1902: February15, NY April Tribune, 7. 6, 1902: KIA, April 1902. 5, SFC, February 24, 1902. NY Tribune, April 27, 1902: 12. 1902: NY April Tribune, 27, Performed “Dooley-like talks, brimful of Irish wit.” WT, November 28, 1901: 5. of many Irish vaudeville sketches, including “Finnegan’s “Shooting Ball,”, the Chutes” and “McSorley’s Twins.” “The Irish Servant Girls” and to appear in a new sketch by George M. Cohan entitled “A Romance of .” Appeared fresh in “a Irish sketch about the troubles of a fireman.” Irish comedian appeared in and “Pat the Genii.”Irish comedians. January WT, 5. 30, 1902: Appeared in “Mrs Second Murphy’s Husband.” SLR, March 2, Part 1902, III: 5. Details Name of Act George H Emerick Noted as Died in the December writer 1901. “Pat” Reilly Russell Brothers due to give their Were last performance of Barney Ferguson and Will Mack McDonald Brothers Irish comedians. Mr and Mrs Mark Murphy Nawn Tom “Funny Irish Widow”Murray and Mack Irish sketch. Gracie Emmett Irish comedians. Kennedy and Wilson and LacyTouhey “The Irish Aristocrats.” Irish comedy act. 1902

210 continued RT, November 5, 1902: 7. November 1902: 5, RT, WT, OctoberWT, 26, 1902. SLR May 22, 8. 1902: RD, 1902. May 18, 30. SPG, 1902: November 9, WT, October 21, 1902: 7. 1902: OctoberWT, 21, SLR, May6. 26, 1902: 5. ADD, July 8, 1902: NY 5. June 3, 1902: Tribune, ADD August 6. 30,1902: RD, 6. November 6, 1902: SPG, October 22. 12, 1902: SLR, October 17, 1902: 3. 1902: SLR, October 17, Irish comedian. “The original Irish comedians.” Irish and Dutch comedy. Irish comedian. An Irish comedian and “coon-song shouter.” SFC, December 1902. 16, “The king and queen of Irish comedy” in their latest vaudeville sketch, “The Seventh Son.” funny with his big shoes, small hat and Irish character make-up.” “Natural Irish comedian.” Spencer BrothersEdwards and LawrenceSmith and Welch Dutch and Irish comedians. Irish character ReillyPat comedians. and Frank D. Bryan Irish comedians. Pete BakerPete and John Kernell Mat Kennedy Hal Conlet and May Nelson Kelly and AdamsMr and Mrs Mark Murphy Rosselly and Rostelle Irish sketch artists. Waters Tom “Irish comedy sketch artists.” Lonnie Wilson Reynolds and PearceHickey and Nelson “Irish character impersonators.” Male-female team. Hickey “was grotesquely

211 EW, October 27, 1903: 6. 1903: October 27, EW, SS, July 4, 1903. SLR, October 5. 8, 1903: SLR, April 19, 1903, PartSLR, II: 1903, 8. April 19, MJ, September 12. 12, 1903: SCD, July 31, 1903. JulySCD, 31, Part II: 1903, 6. MJ, October 17, EW, July 4, 1903, Sporting July 4, 1903, ed.EW, EW, June 26, 1903, Night edn. June 26, 1903, EW, SFC, July 24, 1903. NY 3. July Tribune, 26, 1903: GDL, October 24, 1903. SLR, September Part III: 6, 1903, 8. Source EW, June 30, 1903: 4. June 30, 1903: EW, SLR, October 15, 1903: 3. 1903: SLR, October 15, EW, June 27, 1903. June 27, EW, Irish character comedians. Irish comedian, headed bill at Pastor’s. Report of death of this vaudeville Irish comedian. “Famous for her humorous Irish and ‘wench’ impersonations.” Irish song as few men can.” Details Corbley and BurkeCallahan and MackRooney and Forrester Irish “An sidewalk conversation act.” John Kernell “Truly Irish comedians.” Act billed as “Irish nonsense.” William Ahearn (aka Ahern) Russell and O’ConnellO’Connell and Forrest Irish comedians. Arthur Whitelaw Irish comedians. Conroy and McFarlandSpencer and Held Irish comedians. Irish characterKelly monologue. and Kane Kennedy and Evans “Irish jesters.” Kittie Francis “Gay cavaliers of Irish wit.” Ferguson and Mack “Irish knockabouts.” Lottie Simonds West “The Irish Countess.” Name of Act Charles B Lawlor Vaudeville performer who was to sing “able an 1903

212 continued MJ, March 6. 1904: 5, MJ, April 13. 23, 1904: MJ, March 6. 1904: 5, out telling a or singing a song.” at the Metropolitan Theatre in Minneapolis. In his act as an Irish impersonator, he “develop[ed] the humorous characteristics of the highest type of Irish-American citizen.” Martin O’NeilMurphy and DavisGracey and Burnett “Irish fun dispensers.” Irish comedian.Guy RawsonBarrett Brothers Irish sketch artists.Lawrence Crane “The Irish jester.” Irish comedians. Irish magician. 36 1904: SPG, May 1, SFC, April 1904. 10, SPG, May8, 36. 1904: KIA, 1904. May 14, Part II: 2. SLR, May 15,1904, Part 1904, SLR, II: 2. May 15, Madden and Jess and Madden good’ with ‘makes that act Irish only “The Ward andWard CurranSpencer and HeldElizabeth Murray Appeared in sketch entitled “The Judge.” Terrible 6. 1903: October 27, EW, Irish comedians.McBride and Whitehead Irish stories and songs.” “coon Busy Irish“My Day” comedians.The LombardsBobby Gaylor Sketch featuring an Irish office boy. Irish comedians. SFC, 1903. December 21, Appeared with Fannie Rice’s vaudeville company SFC, February 14. 8, Part 1904: II: 1903, 3. MJ, November 7, January TT, 4. 1904: 13, February 4. 1904: TT, 15, 1904

213 SLR, 6. 1904: July 14, NYS, June 26, Part 1904, III: 5. NYS, June 26, Part 1904, III: 5. KIA, October 8, 1904. SPDG, June 34. 12, 1904: BDR, May 25, 1904: 8. 1904: BDR, May 25, NYS, June 26, Part 1904, III: 5. 10. 1904: NY July Tribune, 31, MJ, Magazine: October 1904, 1, 8. NYT, December 28, 14. 1904: SPG, January 20. 8, 1905: Source SLR, June 10,1904: 6. SLR, June 10,1904: Appeared as a “typical green-whiskered Irish “One of the“One funniest Irish comedians in vaudeville.” MJ, May 28, 1904: 12. Billed as “Ireland’s Wings.” Tenants.” Appeared in Irish sketch entitled “Troublesome Servants.” Performed in an Irish skit. man” in “The Mayor of the .” Performed the character of an “Irish copper” in a vaudeville show. Details Perry and Spencer “Irish character comedians.” Tom Tom Haverly Honan and KearneyBarney Gilmore and John Leonard Irish comedians. Barney ReynoldsCasey and LeclairMorrisey and Rich Irish comedian. Lawrence Appeared Crane in sketch at Pastor’s entitled “the Irish The Mannings “Irish jesters.” Parnell Barrett and Irish magician. DriscollJerome Dan McAvoy Name of Act Charlie Farrell Russell Brothers Appearing in “The Female Detectives.” 1905

214 continued DCJ, June 13, 1905, LastDCJ, 1905, June 13, edn.: 5. PS, 2. March 1905: 16, DCJ, March 31, 1905: 5. 1905: DCJ, March 31, SLR, April Part 4. 2, IV: 1905, SLR, Part April 4. IV: 2,1905, 5. DCJ, 1905: April 21, EW May 20, 1905. LAH, 1905. May 21, DCJ, 1905. May 29, SLR, January Part 22, 4. IV: 1905, NY January Tribune, 4. 1905: 29, DCJ, April 5. 8, 1905: PS, March 5. 30, 1905: Appeared in an “Irish character skit.” Performed at Keith’s theatre, particularly “a “The Irish mimic.” comedienne.” Visit.” Performed coon “a sketch” and double Irish “a and German sketch.” Their act was described as “clean, refined, instructive and amusing.” Played an “Irish lady’” ‘cook in sketch entitled “Why Smith Left Home.” Curious Cure.” performed by the Wiley Ferris Company. the Diamond.” clean, wholesome Irish dialect comedy.” Appeared as an Irish policeman in “Dooley and Tyce and JermonTyce Dacey and Chase “The real Irish girl and the dainty singing andPat Fannie KelleyThe Delaceys Appeared in a sketch entitled “The Irish Uncle’s “Hibernian comedy stars.” Annie Yeamans William Onslow andWard Simonds HooleyM.J. Irish comedian. Irish comedians appeared in sketch entitled “A Eddie Girard “In Trust” BartlettPat “The Irish Detective”“The Irish Japanese” Vaudeville sketch. Billed as a “comical acrobatic travesty”

215 SLR, December 4. 4, 1905: LAH, 2. November 1905: 5, DPL, August 30, 1905. PS, November 11, 1905. PS, November 11, CS, 1905. November 18, LAH, December 4. 4, 1905: 3. 1905. LR, October 7, LAH, December 10. 12, 1905: Source NY Tribune, August 27, 1905: 2.NY August 1905: Tribune, 27, MJ, July 31,1905: 4. MJ, July 31,1905: LAH, 1905. October 15, WT, August 6,1905, Women’s Magazine: AugustWT, Women’s 6,1905, MJ, October 8, 1905. Irish monologist and singer. Town.” Visit.” Details Irish comedians. Irish comedian and “parody singer.” Lottie Symonds West Murray and Mack “The Irish Countess.” “Finnegan’s 400” Appeared in a sketch entitled the “Around Campbell and CanfieldDacey, Chase and Adair Irish comedians. Irish comedy sketch. Appeared in a sketch entitled “The Irish Uncle’s Foster and Bell Name of Act Hague and HerbertMadden and Jess Irish sketch team. Halladay and LeonardNellie Baker Irish comedians. Irish comedians. Hughes and BurnsMadden and Jess MaherPaddy Irish comedians. “Premier Irish comedians.”

216 N o t e s

1 INTRODUCTION

1 . Gerald of Wales, The History and Topography of Ireland , trans. J. J. O’Meara, rev. ed. (: Penguin, 1982), 101,103; “Australian immigrants complain about fighting Irish image,” Irish Central , January 14, 2011, http://www.irish- central.com/news/Australian-immigrants-complain-about-fighting-Irish- image — -SEE-VIDEO-113578919.html; “Australian Embassy blasts racist advert asking ‘no Irish’ to apply for bricklaying job,” Irish Independent, March 12, 2012, http://www.independent.ie/national-news/australian-embassy- blasts-racist-advert-asking-no-irish-to-apply-for-bricklaying-job-3047010. html; “ visa in jeopardy for rowdy Irish Down Under,” Australian Visa Bureau , May 9, 2012, http://www.visabureau.com/australia/news/09-05- 2012/australia-visa-in-jeopardy-for-rowdy-irish-down-under.aspx. 2 . V i n c e n t J . C h e n g , Inauthentic: The Anxiety over Culture and Identity (Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2004), 29, 32; Diane Negra, “Irishness, Innocence, and American Identity Politics before and after September 11,” in The Irish in Us: Irishness, Performativity and Popular Culture , ed. Diane Negra (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2006), 355; Diane Negra, “The New Primitives: Irishness in Recent US Television,” Irish Studies Review 9, no. 2 (2001): 229–39. 3 . D a l e T . K n o b e l , Paddy and the Republic: Ethnicity and Nationality in Antebellum America (Scranton, PA: Wesleyan University Press, 1986), 4; Dale T. Knobel, “‘Celtic Exodus’: The Famine Irish, Ethnic Stereotypes, and the Cultivation of American Racial Nationalism,” Radharc 2 (2001): 8. 4 . William H. A. Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream: The Image of Ireland and the Irish in American Popular Song Lyrics 1800–1920 (: University of Illinois Press, 1996), 1–2. 5 . Kevin Kenny, The American Irish: A History (Essex: Longman, 2000), 8; Lawrence J. McCaffrey, The in America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1976), 67; James P. Byrne, “The Genesis of Whiteface in Nineteenth Century American Popular Culture,” MELUS 29, no. 3/4 (2004): 145; Noel Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White , 2nd ed. (London: Routledge, 2008), 49. 218 Notes

6 . Deirdre Moloney, “Who’s Irish? Ethnic Identity and Recent Trends in Irish American History,” Journal of American Ethnic History 28, no. 4 (2009): 106. 7 . John F. Dovidio et al., eds., SAGE Handbook of Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination (London: SAGE, 2010), 8. 8 . Dale T. Knobel, “A Vocabulary of Ethnic Perception: Content Analysis of the American Stage Irishman, 1820–1860,” American Studies 15 (1981): 48. 9 . D o v i d i o e t a l . , SAGE Handbook , 217; Rupert Brown, Prejudice: Its Social Psychology (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995), 84; C. Neil Macrae, Charles Stangor, and Miles Hewston, eds., Stereotypes and Stereotyping (New York: Guilford Press, 1996), 13, 24. 1 0 . D o v i d i o e t a l . , SAGE Handbook , 7, 121, 136; Macrae, Stangor, and Hewston, Stereotypes , 21–2; Gordon Allport, cited Dovidio et al., SAGE Handbook , 241. 1 1 . A l a n T r a c h t e n b e r g , The Incorporation of America: Culture and Society in the , 2nd ed., (New York: Hill and Wang, 2007), 5; Table XXIX—Total and urban population at each census: 1790 to 1900 and Table XLV—Number of immigrants to the : 1821 to 1900, Twelfth Census of the United States—1900—Census Reports Volume I—Population Part 1, Section 1, Statistics of Population , lxxxiii, United States Census Bureau, https://www. census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html. 1 2 . K e n n y , The American Irish , 46; Patrick J. Blessing, “The Irish,” in Harvard Encyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups , ed. Stephan Thernstrom (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 1980), 528–29; Leonard Dinnerstein and David Reimers, Ethnic Americans: A History of Immigration and Assimilation (New York: New York University Press, 1977), 11. 1 3 . M c C a f f r e y , The Irish Diaspora , 62–3; Blessing, “The Irish,” 530–31; Kerby A. Miller, Emigrants and Exiles: Ireland and the Irish Exodus to (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), 328. 1 4 . M i l l e r , Emigrants and Exiles , 315; Kevin Kenny, “Labor and Labor Organizations,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , ed. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 354, 356; Blessing, “The Irish,” 529, 531; Hasia Diner, Erin’s Daughters in America: Irish Immigrant Women in the Nineteenth Century (, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983), 31, 77, 80–3. 15 . Blessing, “The Irish,” 528, 531; Timothy J. Meagher, ed., From Paddy to Studs: Irish-American Communities in the Turn of the Century Era, 1880 to 1920 (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986), 8; David N. Doyle, Irish Americans, Native Rights and National Empires: The Structure, Divisions and Attitudes of the Catholic Minority in the Decade of Expansion 1890–1901 (New York: Arno Press, 1976), 46. 1 6 . A n d r e w M . G r e e l e y , The Irish Americans: The Rise to Money and Power (New York: Harper and Row, 1981), 111; Nathan Glazer and Daniel P. Moynihan, Beyond the Melting Point: The Negroes, Puerto Ricans, Jews, Italians and Irish of Notes 219

New York City (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1970), 217; Kathleen Donovan, “Good Old Pat: An Irish-American Stereotype in Decline,” Eire-Ireland 15, no. 3 (1980): 9; Ellen Skerret, “The Development of Catholic Identity among Irish Americans in Chicago, 1880–1920,” in From Paddy to Studs, 133; Meagher, From Paddy to Studs , 9; William V. Shannon, The American Irish: A Political and Social Portrait (New York: Collier, 1974), 142. 1 7 . W i l l i a m s , ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 241; Greeley, Irish Americans , 9. 18 . Cited Maureen Waters, The Comic Irishman (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1984), 41. 1 9 . I b i d . , 4 2 . 20 . Jeffrey H. Richards, “Brogue Irish Take the American Stage, 1767–1808,” New Hibernia Review 3, no. 3 (1999): 48. 21 . Knobel, “Vocabulary of Ethnic Perception,” 45–6. 22 . Knobel, “Vocabulary of Ethnic Perception,” 47; Albert F. McLean Jr., American Vaudeville as Ritual (Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press, 1965), 3. 23 . Knobel, “Vocabulary of Ethnic Perception,” 49–50, 61. 24 . Ibid., 62, 66–7, 68. 2 5 . “ O u r C i t y A m u s e m e n t s , ” New York Times , December 3, 1858. 2 6 . I b i d . 2 7 . R o b e r t M . L e w i s , e d . , From Traveling Show to Vaudeville: Theatrical Spectacle in America, 1830–1910 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003), 215. 28 . Campbell MacCulloch, “Vaudeville: Drama and Opera in Tabloid Form,” St Louis Republic Sunday Magazine , June 4, 1905. 29 . Robert K. Barnhart and Sol Steinmetz, eds., Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Edinburgh: Chambers, 2006), 1195; McLean, American Vaudeville , 18; Joe Laurie Jr., Vaudeville: From the Honky-Tonks to the Palace (New York: Henry Holt, 1953), 10. 3 0 . L e w i s , From Traveling Show to Vaudeville, 315; MacCulloch, “Vaudeville: Drama and Opera in Tabloid Form.” 3 1 . R o b e r t W . S n y d e r , The Voice of the City: Vaudeville and Popular Culture in New York, 2nd ed., (Chicago: I. R. Dee, 2000), 12; Lewis, From Traveling Show to Vaudeville, 315. 32 . “Variety: The Class of Amusement Known by that Title,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , January 21, 1877; Snyder, Voice of the City , 18–19; Shirley Staples, Male-Female Comedy Teams in American Vaudeville 1865–1932 (Ann Arbor, MI: UMI Research Press, 1984), 3; Midway cited Lewis, From Traveling Show to Vaudeville, 320. 33 . MacCulloch, “Vaudeville: Drama and Opera in Tabloid Form.” 3 4 . L a u r i e J r . , Vaudeville , 19. 3 5 . M c L e a n , American Vaudeville, 3, 24; John Springhall, The Genesis of Mass Culture: Show Business Live in America, 1840–1940 (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 175, 177. 220 Notes

36 . Armond Fields, , Father of Vaudeville (Jefferson, NC: McFarland and Co., 2007), 44, 186, 179. 37 . Douglas Gilbert, American Vaudeville: Its Life and Times (New York: Dover Publications, 1940), 61. 3 8 . W i l l i a m s , ‘Twas Only An Irishman’s Dream , 130, 128; Snyder, Voice of the City , 111, 107. 39 . James M. Nelson, “From Rory and Paddy to Boucicault’s Myles, Shaun and Conn: The Irishman on the London Stage, 1830–1860,” Eire-Ireland 13, no. 3 (1978): 91–2. 40 . Holger Kersten, “Using the Immigrant’s Voice: Humor and Pathos in Nineteenth Century ‘Dutch’ Dialect Texts”, MELUS 21, no. 4 (1996): 3, 10. 4 1 . I b i d . , 1 6 . 42 . Robert C. Allen, “Vaudeville and , 1895–1915: A Study in Media Interaction” (PhD dissertation, University of Iowa, 1977), 5; Tom Gunning, “The Cinema of Attractions: Early Film, Its Spectator and the Avant-Garde,” in Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative , ed. Thomas Elsaesser (London: BFI: 1990), 60; Michael Chanan, The Dream That Kicks: The Prehistory and Early Years of Cinema in Britain , 2nd ed., (London: Routledge, 1996), 132. 4 3 . L e w i s J a c o b s , The Rise of the American Film , cited Joseph M. Curran, Hibernian Green on the Silver Screen: The Irish and American Movies (New York: Greenwood Press, 1989), 18–19; Ruth Barton, Irish National Cinema , 2nd ed., (London: Routledge, 2005), 19; Kevin Rockett, “The Irish Migrant and Film,” in Screening Irish-America : Representing Irish-America in Film and Television , ed. Ruth Barton (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2009), 27, 17. 4 4 . R o c k e t t , Irish Filmography , 230–40. 45 . Patrick G. Loughney, “In the Beginning Was the Word: Six Pre-Griffith Motion Picture Scenarios,” in Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative , ed. Thomas Elsaesser (London: BFI, 1990), 211. 46 . Gilbert, American Vaudeville , 62; Robert W. Snyder, “The Irish in Vaudeville,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , eds. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 406. 47 . Mick Moloney, “Irish-,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , eds. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 387; Frank Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New: An Encyclopedia of Variety Performers in America , Vol. 1 (New York: Routledge, 2007), 960. 48 . Susan Kattwinkel, Tony Pastor Presents: Afterpieces from the Vaudeville Stage (Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing, 1998), 6. 4 9 . S t e p h a n i e R a i n s , The Irish-American in Popular Culture 1945–2000 (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2007), 145, 149–51, 157–58. 5 0 . M . A l i s o n K i b l e r , Rank Ladies: Gender and Cultural Hierarchy in American Vaudeville (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1999), 58. Notes 221

2 “IRISH BY NAME”: AN OVERVIEW OF IRISH AND ETHNIC PERFORMANCE IN VAUDEVILLE

1 . Program for Pastor’s Opera House 201 Bowery, 1868, BRTD TP, T-MSS 1995–028, b3.f17; program for Pastor’s New Theatre, w/c October 21, 1878, BRTD TP, T-MSS 1995–028, b5. 2 . Program for Pastor’s Theatre, December 1878 and undated pro- gram, Kernell and Kernell Scrapbook, BRTD TW, MWEZ x n.c.4547; pro- gram for Proctor’s Crierion Theatre, April 9, 1888, and undated program for Walnut Street Theatre, BRTD TP, T-MSS 1995–028, b3.f17. 3 . Program for Poole and Donnelly’s Grand Opera House, w/c September 28, 1878, Kernell and Kernell scrapbook, BRTD TW, MWEZ x n.c.4547. 4 . Aoileann N í É igeartaigh, “Frank McCourt: From Colonized Imagination to Diaspora,” in Rethinking Diasporas: Hidden Narratives and Imagined Borders , eds. Aoileann N í Éigeartaigh, Kevin Howard, and David Getty (Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2007), 5. 5. D a v i d R . R o e d i g e r , Wages of Whiteness: Race and the Making of the American Working Class , rev. ed., (London: Verso, 1999), 137; Ignatiev, How the Irish Became White , 70, 134. 6 . K e n n y , The American Irish , 67–71; Luke Gibbons, Transformations in Irish Culture , vol. 2, (Cork: Cork University Press, 1996), 175, 176. 7 . K e n n y , The American Irish , 81–2, 126; John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925 , 2nd ed. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1988), 13–16, 20, 85–6. 8 . Robert Nowatzki, “Paddy Jumps Jim Crow: Irish-Americans and Blackface Minstrelsy,” Eire-Ireland 41 (2006). 9 . R o b e r t T o l l , Blacking Up: The Minstrel Show in Nineteenth Century America (New York: Oxford University Press, 1974), v; Eric Lott, Love and Theft: Blackface Minstrelsy and the American Working Class (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), 5–6, 9; Edward Le Roy Rice, Monarchs of Minstrelsy: From “Daddy” Rice to Date (New York: Kenny Publishing, 1911), 11, http:// www.archive.org/details/monarchsminstre00ricegoog. 1 0 . R i c e , Monarchs of Minstrelsy , 7. 1 1 . R o e d i g e r , Wages of Whiteness , 104; Toll, Blacking Up , 56–7; Peter Quinn, “Looking for Jimmy,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , eds. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 667. 12 . Nowatzki, “Paddy Jumps Jim Crow,” 170; Toll, Blacking Up , 175. 1 3 . New Negro Forget-Me-Not Songster (Cincinnati: UP James, 1911; Hathi Trust Digital Library), 101–06. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101073 360180;view=1up;seq=1. 1 4 . I b i d . , 9 8 – 1 0 1 . 1 5 . K e n n y , The American Irish , 81–2. 222 Notes

1 6 . R o e d i g e r , Wages of Whiteness , 105–6; Lott, Love and Theft , 6, 52. 1 7 . R o e d i g e r , Wages of Whiteness , 117. 1 8 . R o e d i g e r , Wages of Whiteness , 98–9; Maureen Murphy, “Irish-American Theatre,” in Ethnic Theatre in the United States , ed. Maxine S. Seller (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983), 223; Lott, Love and Theft , 81. 1 9 . R o e d i g e r , Wages of Whiteness , 100. 20. Alexander Saxton, “Blackface Minstrelsy and Jacksonian Ideology,” American Quarterly 27, no. 1 (1975): 5–6; Lott, Love and Theft , 95; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New , 770; Williams, ‘Twas Only An Irishman’s Dream , 66. 2 1 . New York Telegraph , May 2, 1917, Carroll Johnson clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 844; Carroll Johnson, “My Little Irish Queen” (New York: 1889; Duke University Libraries Digital Collections), http://library.duke.edu/digitalcol- lections/hasm_b0662/ ; Carroll Johnson, “Wish You Could Hab Seen Dat Nigger’s Eye” (Rhode Island, 1897; LOC African-American Sheet Music, 1850–1920), http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=rpbaasm&fileNa me=0100/0153/rpbaasm0153page.db&recNum=0 . 2 2 . R i c e , Monarchs of Minstrelsy , 186–87; Billy Emerson clippings file, BRTD RL, ser. 3, vol. 450: 152, 154. 23 . Billy Emerson clippings file, BRTD RL, ser. 3, vol. 450: 156. 2 4 . I b i d . 25 . Dan Bryant clippings file, BRTD; “Belle of Broadway” (New York: H. De Marsan, n.d.; LOC American Memory Collection, American Singing: Nineteenth-Century Song Sheets), http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/ h?ammem/amss:@field%28DOCID+@lit%28sb10024b%29%29 ; “Kingdom Coming” (New York: Charles Magnus, n.d.; LOC American Singing: Nineteenth-Century Song Sheets), http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/ h?ammem/amss:@field(DOCID+@lit(hc00045a)); “Limerick is Beautiful” (New York: H. De Marsan, n.d.; LOC American Singing: Nineteenth-Century Song Sheets), http://www.loc.gov/item/amss003677/#about-this-item ; “I’ll Never Forget Thee Dear Mary” (New York: 1866; Duke University Libraries Digital Collections), http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/hasm_b0619/ . 2 6 . W i l l i a m s , ‘Twas Only An Irishman’s Dream , 65; Toll, Blacking Up , 176. 2 7 . Johnny Roach’s When McGuinness Gets a Job Songster (New York: Popular Publishing, 1880), 26–7. 2 8 . T o l l , Blacking Up , 66–7, 115. 2 9 . Wheatley and Traynor’s Dublin Boy Songster (New York: Popular Publishing, 1883), 39. 3 0 . I b i d . 3 1 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster (New York: Popular Publishing, 1879), 14. 3 2 . I g n a t i e v , How the Irish Became White , 49–50. 3 3 . L o t t , Love and Theft , 95; Nowatzki, “Paddy Jumps Jim Crow,” 170; Toll, Blacking Up , 180. Notes 223

34 . Musser, “Ethnicity, Role-Playing and American Film Comedy,” 50. 3 5 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 4. 3 6 . Saturday Evening Post , January 14, 1922, Barry and Fay clippings file, BRTD. 37 . “Jews Rich in Humor,” Salt Lake Herald , May 22, 1899. 38 . James H. Dorman, “American Popular Culture and the New Immigration Ethnics: The Vaudeville Stage and the Process of Ethnic Ascription,” American Studies 36, no. 2 (1991): 179–93; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New , 1176; “Mrs. Maas’ Troupe,” Daily Phoenix (AR), February 25, 1875; “Dramatic and Musical,” Saint Paul Globe (MN), March 6, 1899. 3 9 . R e v i e w o f Casey’s Wife in Saint Louis Republic , February 3, 1903; “Johnny Ray, Comedian, Dies,” New York Times , September 5, 1927; Caroline Gaffin, Vaudeville: The Book (New York: M. Kennerley, 1914), 27–9; Staples, Male- Female Comedy Teams , 43. 4 0 . W i l l i a m s , ‘Twas Only An Irishman’s Dream , 120; “Wife Divorces Singer, “ New York Times , April 2, 1925; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New , 518–21; Laurie Jr., Vaudeville , 205; “What the Are Offering This Week,” Los Angeles Herald Sunday Supplement , March 26, 1905. 4 1 . R o c k e t t , Irish Filmography , 230–40; A Dutchman in Ireland is included in a list of scripts from Tony Pastor’s Opera House, BRTD TP, T-MSS 1995–028, b1.f8; Theatre programs, BRTD TP, T-MSS 1995–028, b5; Fields, Tony Pastor , 96; Go West, or The Emigrant Palace Car , HRC TP, b6.f6. 4 2 . Lannigan’s Ball Songster (New York: Dick and Fitzgerald, 1863), 53–4. 4 3 . J. K. Emmet’s Love of the Shamrock Songster , (New York: A. J. Fisher, 1882), 40. 44 . Timothy J. Meagher, “Abie’s Irish Enemy: Irish and Jews, Social and Political Realities and Media Representations,” in Screening Irish-America: Representing Irish-America in Film and Television , ed. Ruth Barton (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2009), 47; Thomas Cripps, “The Movie Jew as an Image of Assimilation, 1903–1927,” Journal of Popular Film 4, no. 3 (1975): 201. 45 . “The Stage All Around the World,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , August 21, 1898; “New American Plays,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , March 19, 1899; Casey’s Wife clippings file, BRTD. 46 . “New American Plays,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , March 19, 1899. 4 7 . Irish Pawnbrokers clippings file, BRTD; Johnny Roach’s When McGuinness Gets a Job Songster , 39. 4 8 . S n y d e r , Voice of the City , 111; Laurie Jr., Vaudeville, 223. 4 9 . New York Telegraph, September 6, 1911, included in Four Mortons clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1554. 50 . “Vaudeville in Yiddish,” New York Dramatic Mirror , December 19, 1903. 51 . “Row in a Philadelphia Theatre: Irishmen Greet ‘McSwiggan’s Parliament’ with Hisses and Stale Eggs,” New York Sun , April 30, 1887. 52 . “The Theatre Doors Shut: ‘McSwiggan’s Parliament’ Not Again Performed,” New York Times , April 30, 1887. 5 3 . I b i d . 224 Notes

54 . “Waterbury Irishmen Won’t Witness Offensive Caricatures of Hibernians on the Vaudeville Stage,” New York Tribune , December 21, 1902; “The Stage Irishman,” New York Times , May 11, 1902. 55 . “Billy Barry, The Comedian,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , April 4, 1898; “The Rising Generation,” Scranton Tribune (PA), January 8, 1898. 5 6 . “ T h e S t a g e , ” Washington Times Part 2 (DC), January 16, 1898. 5 7 . C u l l e n , Vaudeville Old and New , 960. 5 8 . W i l l i a m s , ‘Twas Only An Irishman’s Dream , 158; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New , 484, 961, 407. 59 . “Variety: The Class of Amusement Known by that Title,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , January 21, 1877; Snyder, Voice of the City , 48; Laurie Jr., Vaudeville , 18, 82; Gilbert, American Vaudeville , 62. 6 0 . “ T h e W i l l o f B a r n e y W i l l i a m s , ” New York Times, May 5, 1876; “Amusements,” Daily National Republican (DC), January 29, 1863. 61 . “Amusements,” Daily National Republican , February 4, 1863. 62 . “A New Irish Comedian,” Daily National Republican , July 28, 1864; “Amusements,” Daily National Republican , August 6, 1864; “Dramatic,” New York Times , January 4, 1874; James H. Dorman, “American Popular Culture and the New Immigration Ethnics: The Vaudeville Stage and the Process of Ethnic Ascription,” American Studies 36, no. 2 (1991): 186. 6 3 . “ C o l o n y o f A c t o r s , ” St Paul Globe (MN), August 18, 1901; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New , 631. 6 4 . “ H i g h - C l a s s V a u d e v i l l e , ” Sunday Herald and Weekly National Intelligencer (DC), December 6, 1891. 65 . “Hyde and Behman’s Theatre,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , October 2, 1888; “Harry Kernell is Dead,” New York Times , March 14, 1893; New York Spirit of the Times , March 18, 1893, Harry Kernell scrapbook, BRTD TW MWEZ+++n.c.4526; “John Kernell, Actor, Dead,” New York Times , December 20, 1903. 66 . Harry A. Kernell, letter to the editor, New York Tribune , January 11, 1922; Harry Kernell’s Eccentric Irish Songster (New York: Robert M. De Witt, 1875), 4; Ne w York Clipper 1881/82 , 456, 548 (Fulton History), http://www.fulton- history.com/Fulton.html. 67 . “Amusements,” St Paul Daily Globe (MN), April 24, 1880; New York Clipper 1887/88 , 94 (Fulton History), http://www.fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html ; “Sam Rickey Wasting Away,” New York Times , September 8, 1885. 6 8 . “ H o g a n ’ s A l l e y , ” St Paul Appeal (MN), March 19, 1898; “Linden Theater Re-opens,” Scr anton Tribune (PA), April 12, 1898; “Amusements,” New York Sun , June 11, 1899; “Advertisements,” San Francisco Call , February 13, 1899; “At the Theaters,” Saint Paul Globe (MN), December 24, 1899. 69 . “How Affect Actors,” Minneapolis Journal , January 4, 1905. 70 . “At the Theaters,” Minneapolis Journal , March 5, 1904; New York Mirror , December 23, 1893, Bobby Gaylor clippings file, BRTD; “Variety at the Star Theatre,” New York Times , March 27, 1888; “Comic Opera Invasion, “ New York Evening World , May 18, 1889; “The Theatres Next Week,” New York Notes 225

Evening World (NY), May 25, 1889; New York Dramatic Mirror 1890/92 , 4 (Fulton History), http://www.fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html . 71 . “Theatrical Notes,” Paducah Evening Sun (KY), November 11, 1905; “Entertainment and Social,” Daily Capital Journal (Salem, OR), March 31, 1896; “At the Theatres,” Saint Paul Globe (MN), March 8, 1897; “Mirth Reigns at California: Murray and Mack Delight Audiences with Comicalities,” San Francisco Call , February 24, 1902; “Amusements,” Yakima Herald (WA), February 18, 1903. 72 . “A Long, Sad Farewell,” Broadway Weekly , May 21, 1903, Dan McAvoy clip- pings file, BRTD RL, env. 1376. 73 . “Utica is Pleased with Dan McAvoy,” 1904, Dan McAvoy clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1376. 74 . “McAvoy Defends His Stage Mayor,” December 30, 1904, Dan McAvoy clip- pings file, BRTD RL, env. 1376. 7 5 . I b i d . 76 . Undated clipping, Dan McAvoy clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1376. 77 . “McAvoy’s Face is a Legal Issue,” December 28, 1904, Dan McAvoy clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1376. 78 . “The Stage Irishman,” The Gaelic American , January 7, 1905. 7 9 . . I b i d . 80 . Armond Fields, Women Vaudeville Stars: Eighty Biographical Profiles (London, McFarland, 2006), 14. 81 . Annie Hart clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 629. 8 2 . “ N e w A d v e r t i s e m e n t s , ” Pittsburgh Dispatch (second part), February 15, 1891; Don Meade, “Kitty O’Neil and Her ‘Champion Jig’: An Irish Dancer on the New York Stage,” New Hibernia Review 6, no. 3 (2002); Gracie Emmett scrapbook, BRTD RL, ser. 3, vol. 451: 3–28; “Gracie Emmett, Appeared in One Comedy Role in US for 5,000 Times,” New York Times , June 11, 1940. 8 3 . S t a p l e s , Male-Female Comedy Teams , 84; “Hopkins’ Trans-Oceanic Star Specialty Co.,” Marietta Daily Leader (OH), February 17, 1898; “Hyde and Behman’s,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , April 26, 1898; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New , 1103–05; James and Fannie Donovan clippings file, BRTD RL, ser. 2, vol. 128: 97; Staples, Male-Female Comedy Teams , 86–7. 8 4 . Toledo Blade, February 21, 1921, Mortons’ clipping file, BRTD RL, env. 1554. 8 5 . Transcript , May 13, 1919, Mortons’ clipping file, BRTD RL, env. 1554. 86 . Mortons’ clipping file, BRTD RL, env. 1554.

3 PERFORMING IRISHNESS AT TONY PASTOR’S OPERA HOUSE, 1865–1874

1 . E r i c F e r r a r a , The Bowery: A History of Grit, Graft and Grandeur (Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2011), 39. 226 Notes

2 . Tony Pastor’s New Irish Comic Songster , 48–9, collected in Tony Pastor’s Complete Budget of Comic Songs (New York: Dick and Fitzgerald, 1864); Internet Archive, http://archive.org/details/tonypastorscomp00pastgoog . 3 . F i e l d s , Tony Pastor , 33, 44; Susan Kattwinkel, “Negotiating a New Identity: Irish Americans and the Variety Theatre in the 1860s,” in Interrogating America Through Theatre and Performance , ed. William W. Demastes and Iris Smith Fischer (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), 48–9. 4. BRTD TP T-MSS 1995–028, b1.f8. The twenty-two plays concerned with Ireland and the Irish are: Stephens’ Escape, or English Rule in Ireland (January and April 1866); Ireland in 1866 (March 1866); The Heart of Erin, or Men of ‘98 (December 1866); Hills of Kerry (March 1867); Irishman in Greece (April 1867 and March 1872); Ireland’s Champion, or O’Donnell of the Hills (October 1867); For Ireland, or The Wearing of the Green (March 1868); Jonathan Wild, or Jack Sheppard in Ireland (August 1868); Ireland After Dark, or Dead O’ Night Boys (November 1868); Irish Hearts and Irish Homes (February 1869); The Chieftain’s Daughter, or The Irish Insurgent (April 1869); Life in Ireland, or The Fair of Clogheen (May 1869 and March 1874); Cormac of the Cave, or Heart of an Irishman (November 1869); Dutchman in Ireland (January 1870); Irish Insurgent (January 1870); The Fenian’s Oath, or The Idiot of Killarney (February 1870); Irishman in Cuba (March 1870); Exile of Erin (March 1870); Dan Donnelly, Champion of Ireland (May 1870, May 1871, January 1873 and March 1884); Don’t Go Molly Darling , described as “an Irish sketch” (1872); The Green above the Red (undated, but also described as an “Irish drama”); and Mac Morgh, or Dan Rhua (also undated). The additional three plays whose titles point to at least some Irish characters are: Shan McCollum (February 1867); The Mirror, or Reilly’s Adventures Among the Turks (November 1867); and Dare Devil Pat, or The Dashing Rider of the Plains (February 1873). 5 . Kattwinkel, “Negotiating a New Identity,” 51. The American-set plays identi- fied by Kattwinkel as featuring Irish characters are: Kidnapped, or The Stolen Child (n.d); Match Girl of New York (n.d); Uncle Sam’s Veterans, or The Soldiers’ Return (1866); New York Volunteers (1867); New York Before and After Dark (1868); High Life and Low Life, or Scenes in New York (1869); Toil (1871); and The Tenth Ward by Day and Night (February and November 1873). 6 . The twelve surviving scripts are Cormac of the Cave, HRC TP b2.f6; Dan Donnelly, Champion of Ireland, HRC TP b3.f1–2; Don’t Go Molly Darling, An Irish Sketch , HRC TP b3.f5; Hills of Kerry, HRC TP b7.f5; The Idiot of Killarney, or The Fenian’s Oath, a Drama in Two Acts , HRC TP b7.f6; Ireland in 1866, or The Dark Hour Before the Dawn, a Drama in One Act , HRC TP b8.f2; Ireland’s Champion , HRC TP b8.f3; Irishman in Cuba, HRC TP b8.f5; Irishman in Greece , by John F. Poole, HRC TP b8.f6; Life in Ireland, or The Fair of Clogheen , HRC TP b10.f3; Might and Right, or The Days of 76 , A National Drama in One Act , HRC TP b12.f2; The Steerage, or Life on the Briny Deep, an Original Dramatic Composition, HRC TP b16.f5. Notes 227

7 . BRTD TP T-MSS 1995–028, b1.f8. 8 . K e n n y , The American Irish , 172, 175. 9 . F i e l d s , Tony Pastor , 33, 42, 44. 1 0 . “ C i t y A m u s e m e n t s , ” New York Herald , December 7, 1865. 11 . “Amusements,” New York Herald , January 8, 1866. 1 2 . F i e l d s , Tony Pastor , 47. 1 3 . F i e l d s , Tony Pastor , 49. 14 . “Amusements,” New York Herald , September 25, 1866. 15 . Kattwinkel, “Negotiating a New Identity,” 54. 1 6 . P i e r c e E g a n , Boxiana; Or, Sketches of Ancient and Modern Pugilism: From the championship of Cribb to the present time , vol. 2 (London: George Virtue, 1824), 388–94. 1 7 . K a t t w i n k e l , Tony Pastor Presents, 207–23, 245–63, 265–80. 18 . Kattwinkel, “Negotiating a New Identity,” 54. 1 9 . B a r t o n , Irish National Cinema , 22.

4 REPRESENTATIONS OF IRISH MASCULINITY IN VAUDEVILLE

1 . Joane Nagel, “Masculinity and Nationalism: Gender and Sexuality in the Making of Nations,” Ethnic and Racial Studies 21, no. 2 (1998): 251; Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995), 11. 2 . Michael S. Kimmel, Manhood in America: A Cultural History , 2nd edn. (New York: Oxford University Press: 2006), 58, 4, 23; Patricia Kelleher, “Class and Catholic Irish Masculinity in Antebellum America: Young Men on the Make in Chicago,” Journal of American Ethnic History 28, no. 4 (2009): 10. 3 . Gibbons, Transformations in Irish Culture , 131. 4 . Geraldine Meaney, Gender, Ireland and Cultural Change: Race, Sex and Nation (New York: Routledge, 2010), 5. 5 . Geraldine Moane, “Colonialism and the Celtic Tiger: Legacies of History and the Quest for Vision,” in Reinventing Ireland: Culture, Society and the Global Economy , ed. Peadar Kirby, Luke Gibbons, and Michael Cronin (London: Pluto Press, 2002), 117. 6 . Donovan, “Good Old Pat,” 6; Snyder, Voice of the City, 113; Rockett, Irish Filmography , 230–40. 7 . C a r l W i t t k e , The Irish in America, 2nd edn. (New York: Russell and Russell, 1970), 260; Snyder, Voice of the City , 48, 114; Cullen, Vaudeville Old and New, 624; photograph of Kelly and Ryan, Thomas Ryan clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1987. 8 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 36. 9 . Billy Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs, Skits and Gags, 1877–79,” BRTD EC, T-MSS 1929–001, b3.f70. 228 Notes

1 0 . New York Mirror, December 24, 1899, Tom Nawn clippings file, BRTD RL, env 1594. 1 1 . New York Telegraph , February 4, 1906, Tom Nawn clippings file, BRTD RL, env 1594; New York Evening World , March 11, 1916. 12 . David N. Doyle, “The Remaking of Irish America, 1845–1880,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , ed. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 231. 13 . Cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 137. 14 . “Poor O’Hoolahan” cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 137; John Kaiser, “Michael Casey and His Gang of Irish Laborers” (Edison Records, 1905; Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project, Special Collections, University of California Santa Barbara) http://cylinders.library. ucsb.edu/search.php?queryType=@attr%201=21&query=irish+wit+and+hum or&num=1&start=4&sortBy=&sortOrder=ia. 1 5 . T r a c h t e n b e r g , The Incorporation of America, 48; Kenny, “Labor and Labor Organizations,” 355; Kenny, The American Irish , 156–57. 16 . Gilbert, American Vaudeville , 65. 1 7 . I g n a t i e v , How the Irish Became White , 1; Kevin Kenny, “Race, Violence, and Anti-Irish Sentiment in the Nineteenth Century,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States, ed. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 372. 1 8 . K e n n y , The American Irish , 157. 19 . Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs.” 20 . Cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 138. 2 1 . Johnny Roach’s When McGuinness Gets a Job Songster , 3–4. 22 . Cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 137. 2 3 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 15. 2 4 . K e n n y , The American Irish , 157. 2 5 . “ M u r d e r i n N e w - R o c h e l l e , ” New York Times , September 16, 1878. 26 . Moane, “Colonialism and the Celtic Tiger,” 117–18; Richard Stivers, Hair of the Dog: Irish Drinking and Its American Stereotype, rev. ed. (New York: Continuum, 2000), 1, 128–33; Kenny, The American Irish , 136. 2 7 . S t i v e r s , Hair of the Dog , 77, 92. 2 8 . I b i d . , 1 3 6 , 1 7 9 , 1 6 9 , 1 8 0 . 2 9 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 32; Harry Kernell’s Eccentric Irish Songster , 40–1. 30 . Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs.” 3 1 . I b i d . 32 . Clipping dated May 21, 1911, Mortons clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1554. 33 . William D. Hall, An Undesirable Neighbor (1900; LOC, The American Variety Stage: Vaudeville and Popular Entertainment, 1870–1920), 4–5, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/varstg:@OR%28@field%28 AUTHOR+@3%28Hall,+William+D++%29%29+@field%28OTHER+@3 %28Hall,+William+D++%29%29%29. Notes 229

3 4 . R o c k e t t , The Irish Filmography, 230; “Keith’s Theatre,” Cambridge Chronicle (MA), February 6, 1897; “Amusements,” New York Tribune , June 10, 1894. 3 5 . “ T h e G a y e t y , ” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , October 8, 1895. 36 . “Amusements,” New York Sun , April 17, 1898; “What the Theaters Are Offering This Week,” Los Angeles Herald Sunday Supplement, September 3, 1905; “New Acts This Week,” Variety , January 14, 1921. 37 . “Joseph Hart Vaudeville Co. direct from Weber and Fields Music Hall, ,” (1899; LOC Theatrical Poster Collection), http://www.loc.gov/ pictures/item/2014635705/. 3 8 . Fieldings’ Tipperary Couple Songster (New York: A. J. Fisher, 1874), 34–5, 38. 3 9 . Harrigan’s Hibernian Tourist Songster (New York: New York Popular Publishing, 1886), 28. 40 . For a fuller discussion of the Minstrel show dandy, see, for example, William J. Mahar, Behind the Burnt Cork Mask: Early Blackface Minstrelsy and Antebellum American Popular Culture (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1999), 195–267; Barbara L. Webb, “The Black Dandyism of George Walker: A Case Study in Genealogical Method,” The Drama Review 45, no. 4 (2001): 7–24. 4 1 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 26. 42 . Melissa Bellanta, “Leary Kin: Australian Larrikins and the Blackface Minstrel Dandy,” Journal of Social History 42, no. 3 (2009): 677–95; Higham, Strangers in the Land , 8; Stephen Rohs, Eccentric Nation: Irish Performance in Nineteenth Century New York City (Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 2009), 34–72, 49. 4 3 . R o h s , Eccentric Nation , 52, 29. 4 4 . Fieldings’ Tipperary Couple Songster , 45. 4 5 . J. K. Emmet’s Love of the Shamrock Songster (New York: A. J. Fisher, 1882), 33; Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs.” 4 6 . Harry Kernell’s Eccentric Irish Songster , 21. 47 . Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs.” 48 . J. F. Poole, “No Irish Need Apply,” cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 136. 4 9 . Harry Kernell’s Eccentric Irish Songster , 17. 5 0 . I b i d . , 7 . 5 1 . I b i d . , 2 8 . 5 2 . I b i d . 5 3 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 5. 5 4 . K i m m e l , Manhood in America, 40–1; Colleen McDannell, “‘True Men as We Need Them’: Catholicism and the Irish-American Male,” American Studies 27, no. 2 (1986): 27, 29. 5 5 . M a r t i n M c L o o n e , Irish Film: The Emergence of a Contemporary Cinema (London: British Film Institute, 2000), 174–83; Kathleen Heininge, Buffoonery in Irish Drama: Staging Twentieth Century Post-Colonial Stereotypes (New York: Peter Lang, 2009), 267. 230 Notes

5 6 . H a r r y L a c y , Sam Todd of Yale (1898; LOC, The American Variety Stage: Vaudeville and Popular Entertainment, 1870–1920), 3, http://memory.loc.gov/ cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/varstg:@OR(@field(AUTHOR+@3(Lacy,+ Harry+))+@field(OTHER+@3(Lacy,+Harry+))) . 57 . Len Spencer and Steve Porter, “Flanagan’s Night Off,” (Edison Records, 1906; Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project, Special Collections, University of California Santa Barbara) http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/ search.php?queryType=@attr%201=21&query=irish+wit+and+humor&num= 1&start=13&sortBy=&sortOrder=ia . 58 . Steve Porter, “A Morning in Mrs Reilly’s Kitchen” (Edison Records, 1908; Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project, Special Collections, University of California Santa Barbara) http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/ search.php?queryType=@attr%201=21&query=irish+wit+and+humor&num= 1&start=6&sortBy=cnum&sortOrder=id . 5 9 . Johnny Roach’s When McGuinness Gets a Job Songster , 3–4. 60 . Dovidio et al., SAGE Handbook , 217. 61 . Lawrence E. Mintz, “Humor and Ethnic Stereotypes in Vaudeville and Burlesque,” MELUS 21, no. 4 (1996): 21; Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs”; Murphy and Mack’s Jolly Sailors Songster (Pittsburgh: American Publishing Company, 187?), 56. 62 . Mortons clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1554; Sheehan and Sullivan publicity material, BRTD EC, T-MSS 1929–001, b3. f17. 63 . Doyle, “The Remaking of Irish America,” 238; Margaret Lynch-Brennan, “Ubiquitous Bridget: Irish Immigrant Women in Domestic Service in America, 1840–1930,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States , ed. J. J. Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 345. 6 4 . M i l l e r , Emigrants and Exiles , 493; Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 135. 65 . Blessing, “The Irish,” 531; Wittke, The Irish in America , 60. 6 6 . Harry Kernell’s Eccentric Irish Songster , 33. 6 7 . The Bitter and Sweet of a Traveling Company . n.d., BRTD TP, T-MSS 1995– 028, b1.f19; “Tammany,” cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 139. 68 . “Are You There, Moriarty?,” performed by Mick Moloney, McNally’s Row of Flats: Irish American Songs of Old New York , by Harrigan and Braham (Nashville, TN: Compass Records, 2006). 69 . “McGinty the Ladies’ Pride,” cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 139. 7 0 . Fergusons’ Aristocratic Nigs Songster (New York: Clinton T. De Witt, 1879), 57. 7 1 . “ T h e a t r i c a l s , ” St Paul Globe (MN), April 4, 1902; Eddie Girard clippings file, BRTD RL, ser. 3, vol. 414, 146. 72 . Eddie Girard clippings file, BRTD RL, ser. 3, vol. 414, 145. Notes 231

7 3 . I b i d . , 1 4 6 . 7 4 . I g n a t i e v , How the Irish Became White , 189. 75 . “Gotham Notes,” The Colored American (DC), September 15, 1900. 76 . “The Right to Get Drunk and its Effects,” New York Times , July 10, 1867. 77 . “The Sound Democrat” and The Mulligan Nominee cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream, 141. 78 . “Old Boss Barry,” performed by Moloney, McNally’s Row of Flats. 7 9 . Harry Kernell’s Eccentric Irish Songster , 20. 8 0 . I b i d . , 3 1 . 8 1 . I b i d . , 3 2 . 8 2 . P a u l W . H y d e , A Morning’s Hearing (1896; LOC, The American Variety Stage: Vaudeville and Popular Entertainment, 1870–1920), 1, http://memory. loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?varstg:2:./temp/~ammem_NE6m::. 8 3 . I b i d . , 2 . 8 4 . I b i d . , 6 – 7 . 85 . William H. A. Williams, “Green Again: Irish American Lace Curtain ,” New Hibernia Review 6, no. 2 (2002): 12, 13. 86 . “My Dad’s Dinner Pail,” performed by Moloney, McNally’s Row of Flats. 87 . Cited Williams, “Green Again,” 13. 8 8 . S n y d e r , Voice of the City , 114; M. Alison Kibler, “Rank Ladies, Ladies of Rank: The Elinore Sisters in Vaudeville,” American Studies 38, no. 1 (1997): 109; Thomas Ryan cited Staples, Male-Female Comedy Teams , 88. 8 9 . H a l l , An Undesirable Neighbor, 1. 9 0 . I b i d . , 8 – 9 . 9 1 . I b i d . , 1 5 .

5 REPRESENTATIONS OF IRISH WOMEN IN VAUDEVILLE

1 . “McFadden’s Row of Flats,” New York Times , March 10, 1903; “Irishmen Hurl Eggs at a Lot of Players,” New York Times , March 28, 1903; “‘McFadden’s Row of Flats’ is Mobbed in Philadelphia,” New York Times , March 31, 1903; Letter to the editor, New York Times , April 5, 1903. 2 . M. Alison Kibler, “The Stage Irishwoman,” Journal of American Ethnic History (Spring 2005): 15; “‘McFadden’s Flats’ Quiet,” New York Times , April 7, 1903. 3 . L . P e r r y C u r t i s J r . , Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature (Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1997), 25; Meaney, Gender, Ireland and Cultural Change , 5, 21–40; Catherine Nash, “Embodied Irish: Gender, Sexuality and Irish Identities,” in In Search of Ireland: A Cultural Geography, ed. Brian Graham (London: Routledge, 1997), 114; Sighle Bhreathnach-Lynch, “Landscape, Space and Gender: Their Role in the Construction of Female Identity in Newly-Independent Ireland,” Canadian Woman Studies 17, no. 3 (1997): 26. 232 Notes

4 . “Girl to Show the Irish Type,” New York Evening World , December 21, 1904. 5 . Barbara Welter, “The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820–1860,” American Quarterly 18, no. 2 (1966): 151–74; Diner, Erin’s Daughters , xiv, 42, 72, 46, 53. 6 . R o c k e t t , Irish Filmography , 230–40. 7 . Maureen Murphy, “Bridget and Biddy: Images of the Irish Servant Girl in Puck Cartoons 1880–1890,” in New Perspectives on the Irish Diaspora , ed. Charles Fanning (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 152–75. 8 . Cited Wittke, The Irish in America , 44. 9 . D i n e r , Erin’s Daughters , 86; Andrew Urban, “Irish Domestic Servants: ‘Biddy’ and Rebellion in the American Home, 1850–1900,” Gender and History 21, no. 2 (2009): 265. 10 . Ralph M. Skinner and Charles J. Campbell, The Bal Masque (1900; LOC, The American Variety Stage: Vaudeville and Popular Entertainment, 1870– 1920), 7–8, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/varstg:@OR(@fi eld(AUTHOR+@3(Skinner,+Ralph+M+,+and+Charles+J++Campbell+))+@fi eld(OTHER+@3(Skinner,+Ralph+M+,+and+Charles+J++Campbell+))) . 11 . Geraldine Maschio, “Ethnic Humor and the Demise of the Russell Brothers,” Journal of Popular Culture 26, no. 1 (1992): 81–2; “The Irish Servant Girls,” June 6, 1896 and photographs of Russell Brothers in costume, Kernell and Kernell scrapbook, BRTD TW, MWEZ x n.c.4547; Laurence Senelick, The Changing Room: Sex, and Theatre (London: Routledge, 2000), 240–41. 12. “Egg Russell Brothers in a Brooklyn Theatre,” New York Times, February 1, 1907. 13 . Maschio, “Ethnic Humor,” 85, 90. 1 4 . S t a p l e s , Male-Female Comedy Teams , 84; “Palm Garden Show,” St Paul Globe (MN), September 20, 1898. 15 . George Monroe clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1501; Gerald Bordman, American : A Chronicle (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), 101; “Plays and Players,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , December 23, 1900. 16 . My Aunt Bridget clippings file, BRTD; George Monroe clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1501; “In Brooklyn Theaters,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , September 18, 1900. 1 7 . R e v i e w o f The Never Homes , George Monroe scrapbook BRTD RL, ser. 2, vol. 280: 99–100. 1 8 . I b i d . 19 . George Monroe clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1501. 2 0 . D i n e r , Erin’s Daughters , 142–51; Kimmel, Manhood in America , 66. 21 . “Rights of Ladies,” cited Williams, ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 142. 22 . E.L. Gamble, “Girls Will Be Girls,” Gamble’s Vaudeville Journal (Stage Publishing, 1911; Internet Archive), 7–8, http://www.archive.org/details/ gamblesvaudevill00gamb . 2 3 . S e n e l i c k , The Changing Room , 297. Notes 233

24 . Bronwen Walter, Outsiders Inside: Whiteness, Place and Irish Women (London: Routledge, 2001), 66, 69; Faye Dudden cited Walter, 69. 2 5 . T o l l , Blacking Up, 163; Lott, Love and Theft , 164–65; Senelick, The Changing Room , 298. 2 6 . S e n e l i c k , The Changing Room , 297–98; Toll, Blacking Up , 144, 163; Senelick, The Changing Room , 300. 2 7 . S e n e l i c k , The Changing Room , 307–10, 312. 28 . George Monroe, “The Luxury of Laugher,” The Green Book Album , 556, and March 17, 1913 article in George Monroe clippings file, BRTD RL, env. 1501; Kibler, Rank Ladies: Gender and Cultural Hierarchy , 71; Senelick, The Changing Room , 237. 29 . Richard Ekins, “Screening Male Femaling: Cross-Dressing and Sex-Changing in the Movies,” Chrysalis: The Journal of Transgression Gender Identity 2, no. 4 (1996/97), 47–51. 30 . “Brooks Theatre,” Guthrie Daily Leader (OK), November 28, 1902; “Leader Force Will See Mickey Finn,” Guthrie Daily Leader , October 24, 1903; “The Plays in Brooklyn This Week,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , October 4, 1897; “Affairs in the Mimic World,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , January 5, 1902; “Stage Fun of Many Kinds,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , October 5, 1897; “Brooklyn Music Hall,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , January 10, 1899; “Vaudeville Houses,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , November 24, 1901; “Ventriloquist and Other Novelties in Vaudeville,” St Louis Republic , January 15, 1901. 3 1 . S e n e l i c k , The Changing Room , 238; “The Theaters,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , April 10, 1888; “The Funke,” Lincoln Courier (NE), November 25, 1899. 3 2 . “ T h e a t e r s , ” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , May 7, 1889. 3 3 . K i b l e r , Rank Ladies: Gender and Cultural Hierarchy , 69–71. 34 . Kibler, “Rank Ladies, Ladies of Rank,” 103–05. 3 5 . W a l t e r , Outsiders Inside , 19; Meaney, Gender, Ireland and Cultural Change , 22; Diner, Erin’s Daughters , 41–9. 3 6 . Kelly and Ryan’s Hibernian Ballet Songster , 17. 3 7 . I b i d . 3 8 . I b i d . , 2 7 . 39 . Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs.” 4 0 . I b i d . 4 1 . D i n e r , Erin’s Daughters , 55, 113; Stivers, Hair of the Dog, 187–89. 4 2 . D i n e r , Erin’s Daughters , 111. 4 3 . Johnny Roach’s Centennial Come and Join the Band Songster (New York: Robert M. De Witt, 1876), 18. 44 . Albert Campbell and Bob Roberts, “Come Down McGinty,” (Edison Records, 1906; Cylinder Preservation and Digitization Project, Special Collections, University of California Santa Barbara), http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/ search.php?queryType=@attr%201=21&query=irish+wit+and+humor&num= 1&start=5&sortBy=&sortOrder=ia . 4 5 . Murphy and Mack’s Jolly Sailors Songster , 56. 234 Notes

4 6 . Fergusons’ Aristocratic Nigs Songster, 10. 47. Barbara O’Connor, “‘Colleens and Comely Maidens’: Representing and Performing Irish Femininity in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries,” in Ireland in Focus: Film, Photography and Popular Culture, ed. Eó in Flannery and Michael J. Griffin (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 2009), 144– 65; Diane Negra, Off-White Hollywood: American Culture and Ethnic Female Stardom (London: Routledge, 2001), 25–54; Rains, The Irish-American in Popular Culture , 149–51. 48 . Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs.” 4 9 . Sheridan, Mack and Day’s Grand Combination Songster (New York: Robert M. De Witt, 1874), 31. 5 0 . Tony Pastor’s Latest and Best 1877 Songster (New York: C. T De Witt, 1877), 36. 51 . Wylie, “Notebook of Vaudeville Songs,” 79. 5 2 . I b i d . , 8 2 . 5 3 . Murphy and Mack’s Jolly Sailors Songster , 6. 54 . “Maggie Cline Dies: ‘Irish Queen’ of ‘90s,” New York Times , June 12, 1934. 5 5 . M e a d e , “ K i t t y O ’ N e i l , ” 1 3 – 1 4 . 5 6 . S t a p l e s , Male-Female Comedy Teams , 13–17. 5 7 . R a i n s , The Irish-American in Popular Culture , 144–87. 5 8 . I b i d . , 1 5 2 . 59 . “Nora Kelly, ‘The Dublin Girl,’ Pastor’s,” Variety , August 4, 1906. 60 . “Nora Kelly Never Saw Dublin,” Variety , August 18, 1906. 6 1 . D i n e r , Erin’s Daughters , 94; Lynch-Brennan, “Ubiquitous Bridget,” 332; Janet Nolan, Ourselves Alone: Women’s Emigration from Ireland, 1885–1920 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1989), 94; Blessing, “The Irish,” 531; Kenny, The American Irish , 186. 62 . “Brooklyn Theaters,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , October 22, 1901; Gracie Emmett scrapbook, BRTD RL, ser. 3, vol. 451: 7, 15; “The Week’s Playbills,” Washington Herald (Part 3), January 19, 1908; “Brooklyn Theaters,” Brooklyn Daily Eagle , September 17, 1901. 63 . Edward M. Favor, “Who Threw the Overalls in Mrs Murphy’s Chowder” (Edison Records, 1901; Internet Archive) http://www.archive.org/details/ EdwardM.Favor-71-75. 6 4 . Cordelia’s Aspirations cited Williams, “Green Again: Irish American Lace Curtain Satire,” 13. 6 5 . I b i d . 66 . Kibler, “Rank Ladies, Ladies of Rank,” 102–03. 6 7 . S t a p l e s , Male-Female Comedy Teams, 87, 88–9; “Such an Education has my Mary Ann” and “Maggie Murphy’s Home,” performed by Moloney, McNally’s Row of Flats. 6 8 . W i l l i a m s , ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 208; Ada Jones and Len Spencer, “Maggie Clancy’s New Piano,” (Edison Records, 1906; Internet Archive), http://www.archive.org/details/AdaJonesAndLenSpencer41–50 . Notes 235

6 CONCLUSION

1 . R a i n s , Irish-American in Popular Culture , 182. 2 . Ben Singer, “Modernity, Hyperstimulus, and the Rise of Popular Sensationalism,” in Cinema and the Invention of Modern Life , ed. Leo Charney and Vanessa R. Schwartz (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995), 90; Lewis, From Traveling Show to Vaudeville , 317; Cripps, “The Movie Jew as an Image of Assimilation,” 193. 3. Russell Merritt, “Nickelodeon Theatres 1905–1914: Building an for the Movies,” in The American Film Industry , ed. Tino Balio (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976), 60; Ben Singer, “ Nickelodeons: New Data on Audiences and Exhibitors,” Cinema Journal 34, no. 3 (1995), 28. 4 . Moving Picture World 1, no. 7 (April 20, 1907). 5. Moving Picture World 1, no. 42 (December 21, 1907). 6. Gunning, “The Cinema of Attractions,” 60; Rockett, Irish Filmography , 96, 242–45; Rhodes, Emerald Illusions , 262, 20. 7 . Moving Picture World 2, no. 12 (March 21, 1908): 241; Niver, Kemp R., Early Motion Pictures: The Paper Print Collection in the , ed. Bebe Bergsten: 50, xii. 8 . Moving Picture World 1, no. 6 (April 13, 1907): 90. 9 . Moving Picture World 2, no. 10 (March 7, 1908): 192; Niver, Early Motion Pictures , 64; Moving Picture World 3, no. 10 (September 5, 1908): 181. 1 0 . Moving Picture World 5, no. 27 (December 31, 1909). 1 1 . Moving Picture World 7, no. 10 (September 3, 1910): 537. 1 2 . Moving Picture World 4, no. 13 (March 27, 1909): 378. 1 3 . L a w r e n c e J . M c C a f f r e y , “ Going My Way and Irish-American Catholicism: Myth and Reality,” in Screening Irish-America: Representing Irish-America in Film and Television ed. Ruth Barton (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 2009), 187; Nickelodeon 3, no. 5 (March 1, 1910). 1 4 . Moving Picture World 6, no. 11 (March 19, 1910): 442; Nickelodeon . 1, nos. 1/2 (January/February, 1909): 48. 1 5 . C ited Richard Abel, Americanizing the Movies and “Movie-Mad” Audiences, 1910–1914 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006), 55–6. 16 . Miriam Hansen, “Early Cinema: Whose Public Sphere,” in Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative , ed. Thomas Elsaesser (London: BFI, 1990), 230–31. 1 7 . W i l l i a m s , ‘Twas Only an Irishman’s Dream , 1. 1 8 . R o h s , Eccentric Nation , 22.

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O R I G I N A L S C R I P T S

(Note: These are reproduced as per the inventory of the Tony Pastor collection at the Harry Ransom Centre, University of Texas at Austin. Dates are given if it is clear when the plays were written. Otherwise performance dates, where known, are provided in the text). Cormac of the Cave . Dan Donnelly, Champion of Ireland . Don’t Go Molly Darling, An Irish Sketch , by Frank Dumont. 1872. Hills of Kerry . The Idiot of Killarney, or The Fenian’s Oath, a Drama in Two Acts , by W. B. Cavanagh. Ireland in 1866, or The Dark Hour Before the Dawn, a Drama in One Act , by John F. Poole. 1866. Ireland’s Champion . Irishman in Cuba. Irishman in Greece , by John F. Poole. 1867. Life in Ireland, or The Fair of Clogheen , by John F. Poole. Might and Right, or The Days of 76 , A National Drama in One Act , by John F. Poole. The Steerage, or Life on the Briny Deep, an Original Dramatic Composition.

F I L M O G R A P H Y

Caught By Wireless (Biograph 1908) A Daughter of Erin (Selig 1908) Drill, Ye Tarriers Drill (American Mutoscope and Biograph 1900) The Drunken Acrobats (American Mutoscope 1896) Dutch and Irish Politics (Lubin 1903) The Finish of Bridget McKeen (Edison 1901) How Bridget Made the Fire (American Mutoscope and Biograph 1900) How Bridget Served the Salad Undressed (American Mutoscope 1898) How Murphy Paid His Rent (Lubin 1903) Maggie Hoolihan Gets a Job (Path é -Fr è res 1910) Monday Morning in A Coney Island Police Court (Biograph 1908) My Wild Irish Rose (Warner Bros. 1947) The Policeman’s Revolver (Essanay 1909) The Settlement Workers (Selig Polyscope 1909) Shamus O’Brien (Selig 1908) The Shaughraun (Vitagraph 1907) The Truants (American Mutoscope and Biograph 1907) A Wayside Shrine (Vitagraph 1910) The Yellow Peril (Biograph 1908)

Index

“Alderman Flynn,” 124–5 “Come Down McGinty,” 149 “All Coons Look Alike to Me,” 42 Conroy and McDonald, 54, 201, 204, Any Port in a Storm, 118 206 “Are You There Moriarty?,” 121 Cordelia’s Aspirations, 126–7, 157 Aunt Bridget’s Baby, 137 Cormac of the Cave, or Heart of an see also Monroe, George W. Irishman, 84–5 Crane, Lawrence, 207, 213, 214 Bal Masque, The, 135 cross-dressing, 135–43 Banks, Ellen, 190 Crowders, Reuben. See Hogan, Bards of Tara. See Kelly and Ryan Ernest Barry, Billy, 29, 46–8, 190 Cummings, Pet, 53 Barry and Bannon, 196 Barry and Fay, 46–7, 190, 191 Daly and Devere, 59–60, 136–7, 195, Bayes, Nora, 41 197, 202 “Biddy Doyle,” 148–9 Dan Donnelly, Champion of Ireland, Bitter and Sweet of a Traveling 85–6 Company, The, 121 “Daughters of Erin, The,” 151 blackface, 30–9, 141–2 “De Southwark Rebolution,” 33–4 Bradford and Delaney, 101 Donnelly and Drew, 191, 192 Bridget’s Word Goes, 59, 136–7 Donovan, James B. and Fanny, 59, Bryant, Dan, 37, 49, 178, 179, 180 204, 209 Bryant and Hoey, 29 Don’t Go Molly Darling, An Irish Sketch, 86–7 Carleton, WIlliam, 64, 180, 182, 183 Dooley and the Diamond, 122, 215 Carletons, The, 182, 191 Dooley the Hod Carrier, 45 Casey and LeClair, 207, 209, 214 “Dot Wife of Mine,” 150 Casey the Fireman, 41 “Drill, Ye Tarriers Drill,” 103 Casey’s Wife, 43–4, 203 Drunkard’s Dream, The, 106 Caught By Wireless, 167–8 Drunken Acrobat, The. See O’Brien Cavanagh, W. B., 64, 71 and Havel “Chinese They Must Go, The,” 102 “Dublin Policemen,” 121 Cline, Maggie, 58, 152–3, 163, 189 Dumont, Frank, 64, 86 “Coal Heavers, The,” 103 Dutch and Irish Rivals, 27 Cohan, Jerry, 109–10, 181, 184, 192 Dutchman in Ireland, A, 42 250 Index

Elinore, Kate. See Elinore Sisters Gaylor, Bobby, 37, 54, 195, 213 Elinore Sisters, 144–5, 157–8, 163 gender Emerson, Billy, 36–7 in colonial and nationalist Emmett, Gracie, 58–9, 156–7, 163, discourse, 24–5, 77, 80–2, 210 95–7, 110, 115–16, 131–3, ethnic stereotypes, 4, 10–11 145–7, 150–2 dialects, 17–18 and Irish American identity, 93–4, in early cinema, 18–19 105–6, 110–15, 128–30, 154, in vaudeville, 16–17, 24, 29–30, 159 40–5, 49 “George Magee,” 110 African American, 41, 42, 71–5, Gerard, Annie, 58, 163, 196 90–1, 140–1 Germany vs. Ireland, 29, 42 “Dutch” (German), 27, 40–3, Gilmore and Leonard, 53–4, 200, 49, 65, 91, 150, 181, 183, 203 184, 187, 188, 195, 197, Girard, Eddie, 122, 215 198, 200, 203, 204, 208, Girls Will Be Girls, 140 211, 215 Go West, or The Emigrant Palace Car, 42 Italian, 41, 50, 65, 91, 103–4, Go West on the Emigrant Train. 117–18 See Go West, or The Emigrant Jewish, 40–1, 43–5, 50, 203 Palace Car see also blackface; Irish Goldberg, Leonora. See Bayes, Nora stereotypes “Grogans, The,” 119 Grogan’s Chinese Laundry, 137 “Fair Irish Girls,” 151 “Faugh-A-Ballagh Boys,” 112 Harrigan, Edward, 23, 37–8, 48, 109, Fay, Hugh, 46, 186, 190 113, 121, 124, 126–7, 157, 158, see also Barry and Fay 185, 190, 192, 193 female impersonators. Hart, Annie, 58, 163, 198 See cross-dressing; Monroe, Healey’s Hibernian Minstrels, 186, 188 George W.; Russell Brothers, “Hibernian Ballet Dancers, The,” 40 The Hibernicon, The, 178, 179, 180, 181, Fenian’s Dream, or Ireland Free at Last, 183, 185 The, 67 High Life and Low Life, or Scenes in Ferguson, Barney, 199, 201, 210 New York, 91 Ferguson and Mack, 27, 186, 188, Hills of Kerry, 75–9 195, 210, 212 His Honor, Mayor of the Bowery, Fieldings, The, 109, 111, 183, 185 55–7, 214 Finish of Bridget McKeen, The, 134 “Hod Carriers, The,” 98 “Flanagan’s Night Off,” 116–17 Hogan, Ernest, 42 Florences, The, 178, 179, 180 Hooley, R. M., 36 Four Shamrocks, The, 97, 161, 190 How Bridget Made the Fire, 134 Foy, Eddie, 23, 48–9 How Bridget Served the Salad Francis, Kittie, 143–4, 212 Undressed, 134 “Full Moons, The,” 38 “How Differend Dings Will Be,” 43 Index 251

“I Haven’t Been Home Since mother, 126, 145–50 Morning,” 107 politician, 123–5 “I Leave Ireland and Mother Because comparison to African Americans, 3 We Are Poor,” 147 in contemporary media, 1 Idiot of Killarney, or The Fenian’s Oath, in early cinema, 19–20, 97, 71–5 108–9, 134, 165–71 “I’m What You Call a Military Man,” see also ethnic stereotypes 113 Irishman in Cuba, 88–9, 93 immigration to US (19th century), Irishman in Greece, 90–1 5–6, 8, 10 “Is That Mr Reilly?,” 102–3 Irish immigration statistics: 5–7 Ireland in 1866, or The Dark Hour Janitress, The, 59, 136 Before Dawn, 68–71 Johnson, Carroll, 36 Ireland’s Champion, or O’Donnell of “Just Landed,” 125 the Hills, 79–82 Irish in the United States Kalem Company, 92–3 class, 7–8 “Kate Riley,” 152 employment, 6–7 Keegan’s Tailor Shop, 50, 183 labor unrest, 101 Kelly, John T., 38, 193, 194, 197 population, 7 see also Kelly and Ryan racial tensions, 30–4, 102–4, 141 Kelly, John W., 97, 199 religion, 3 Kelly, Nora, 155 settlement patterns, 6 Kelly, Sheila, 132–3 Irish Pawnbrokers, The, 44 Kelly and Ryan, 27, 29, 40, 49, 97–8, “Irish Servant Girls, The.” See Russell 99, 103, 106, 114–15, 129, Brothers, The 146–7, 161, 188, 189 “Irish Servants, The,” 185 Kernell, Harry, 37, 47, 50–1, 53, 113–14, Irish stereotypes 124–5, 162, 185, 192, 195 on the antebellum stage, 2, 4, 8–11 Kernell, John, 52, 197, 200, 211, 212 on the British stage, 8–9 Kernell Brothers, 27, 29, 50–3, 187, character types in vaudeville 194 colleen, 132–3, 150–5, 159, 164, “Knights of Irish Labor,” 101 184 cop, 120–4, 187, 202, 214, 215 “Laboring Man, The,” 112–13 domestic servant, 134–45, 156, lace curtain Irish, 7–8, 120–8, 155–9 159 Life in Ireland, or The Fair of Clogheen, drunken Irish, 36–7, 43, 72, 75, 66, 82–3 79–80, 82, 84, 90–3, 98, 101, 104–9, 112, 114–19, 124, 126, Mag Haggerty sketches, 127, 158 158 see also Ryan and Richfield fighting Irish, 53, 82, 86, 88–90, “Maggie Clancy’s New Piano,” 158 93, 100, 104, 107–8, 111–15, Maggie Hoolihan Gets a Job, 169–70 150, 152 “Maggie Murphy’s Home,” 158 laborer, 97–104 Maloney, Billy, 137 252 Index

“Mary Hughes,” 152 “My Little Irish Queen,” 36 McAvoy, Dan, 55–8, 214 My Wild Irish Rose, 37 “McCormack the Copper,” 121–2 McFadden’s Row of Flats, 131–2 Nawn, Tom, 100, 210 McSwiggan’s Parliament, 46 Nawns, The, 197, 204, 206 “Michael Casey and his gang of Irish Neeson, Patrick, 53 laborers,” 101 Never Homes, The, 137, 139 “Mickey Doran,” 152 see also Monroe, George W. “Micks,” 109 New York Mechanics, 91 Might and Right, or The Days of “No Irish Need Apply,” 63, 113, 151 ’76, 27, 65, 89–90, 93 minstrel shows. See blackface O’Brien and Havel, 108–9 Monday Morning in A Coney “O’Brien’s Raffle,” 107 Island Police Court, 168–9 Ogden, J. H., 49–50, 162 Monroe, George W., 137–9, 142–3, Olcott, Chauncey, 38 189 One Touch of Nature, 100 Moore, Flora, 27, 189 O’Neil, Kitty, 29, 58, 153 “Morning in Mrs Reilly’s Kitchen, “O’Shaughnessy Guards, The,” 114 A,” 117 Our Bridget’s Home, 137 Morning’s Hearing, A, 125–6, 168 see also Monroe, George W. Morris and Allen, 45 Over the Garden Wall, 137 Morton, Sam and Kitty. see also Monroe, George W. See Mortons, The Morton and Slater, 54, 203 “Parade of the A.O.H,” 114, 115 Mortons, The, 59–61, 107, 119, 163 Pastor, Tony, 16, 24, 27, 29, 42, 47, “Mother’s Last Words,” 147 61, 63–94, 151, 162, 190, 204, Mrs Bridget O’Shaughnessy, Wash Lady, 212, 214 137–9, 142 “Pat and the Dutchman,” 42–3 see also Monroe, George W. “Pat O’Brien,” 112–13 Mrs Maas’s Troupe, 41, 184 Peasleys, The, 27 Mrs Murphy’s Second Husband, 58–9, “Philadelphia Riots,” 33 156–7, 210 Policeman’s Revolver, The, 169 see also Emmett, Gracie Poole, John F., 63, 6, 67, 68, 82, 89, “Mulcahey Twins, The,” 109 90, 113 Muldoon’s Picnic, 47, 53, 188, 193 “Poor O’Hoolahan,” 101 Murphy, Mr and Mrs Mark, 54, 59, population growth, 5 60, 209, 210 see also immigration to US Murphy and Francis, 42 (19th century) Murphy and Mack, 152, 185, 190 Primrose, George H., 37 Murphy and Shannon, 43 “Purty Pat, the Masher,” 118–19, 149 Murray, Elizabeth, 144, 213 Murray and Mack, 55, 210, 216 Ray, Johnny, 41 My Aunt Bridget, 137 “Real Coon Habits,” 42 see also Monroe, George W. “Representative Irishman, A” 147–8 Index 253

Richmond, Adah, 114 “Tammany,” 121 Rickey, Sam, 53 “Terrible Example, A,” 106 “Rights of Ladies,” 139–40 “That’s My Sister,” 98–100 “Rising Politician, The,” 125 Thornton, Bonnie, 197 “Rollicking, Roving Barney,” 109–10 Thorntons, The, 59 Rooney Sr., Pat, 23, 48, 97, 102, Truants, The, 168 118–19, 149, 182 Two Armstrongs, The, 29 Russell Brothers, The, 37, 135–6, 198, 200, 201, 210, 214 Undesirable Neighbor, An, 107–8, see also cross-dressing 127–8 Ryan, Thomas J., 127 Unwelcome Visitors, 27, 42 see also Kelly and Ryan; Ryan and urbanization, 5 Richfield Ryan and Richfield, 127, 157, 205 van Brunt, Walter, 42 variety theatre. See vaudeville, Sam Todd of Yale, 116 development of Scanlan, Walter. See van Brunt, vaudeville Walter audiences, 11–12, 14–15, 17–18, Scanlan and Cronin, 112, 122, 186 162, 165–6 “Scrubbing Women,” 146–7 “clean-up,” refinement of, 14–15 Settlement Workers, The, 170 development of, 13–16, 49 “Shamrock Guards, The,” 114–15 and early cinema, 18–20 Sheehan and Jones, 27, 186 Sheehan and Kennedy, 203, 205, 207 Waters, Nellie, 144, 202, 209 Sheehan and Sullivan, 119 Wayside Shrine, A, 171 Simonds, Lottie West, 206, 212, 216 Weber and Fields, 41 “Slavery Days,” 38 “When McGuinness Gets a Job,” 103, “Sound Democrat, The” 124 104, 117–18 St. George Hussey, Miss, 144 “When Us Four Coons Are Wed,” stage Irish 38–9 on antebellum stage, 9–11 “Who Threw the Overalls in Mrs in British theatre, 8–9 Murphy’s Chowder,” 157 protests against, 46–7, 55–7, 131–2, Widow Dooley’s Dream, The, 137 136 see also Monroe, George W. Steerage, or Life on the Briny Deep, Williams, Mr and Mrs Barney, 49, 65, 91 179, 181 Stephens’ Escape, or English Rule in “Wish You Could Hab Seen Dat Ireland, 67–8 Nigger’s Eye,” 36 stereotyping, theory, 4–5 see also ethnic stereotypes; Irish Yeamans, Annie, 206, 215 stereotypes Yellow Peril, The, 168 Stuart Sisters, 151 “Young America and Ould Ireland,” “Such an Education has my Mary 63–4 Ann,” 158 Young America in Ireland, 68