DOCSLIB.ORG

Developing a Language Technology Strategy for Danish

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Developing a Language Technology Strategy for Danish Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC 2020), pages 3297–3301 Marseille, 11–16 May 2020 c European Language Resources Association (ELRA), licensed under CC-BY-NC World Class Language Technology - The Process of developing a Language Technology Strategy for Danish Sabine Kirchmeier1, Philip Diderichsen2, Peter Juel Henrichsen3, Sanni Nimb4, Bolette S. Pedersen2 1Kirchmeier.dk, 2Department of Nordic Studies and Linguistics, University of Copenhagen, 3Danish Language Council 3Society for Danish Language and Literature, [email protected], 2{cph, bspedersen}@hum.ku.dk, [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Although Denmark is one of the most digitized countries in Europe, no coordinated efforts have been made in recent years to support the Danish language regarding language technology and artificial intelligence. In March 2019, however, the Danish government adopted a new, ambitious strategy for LT and artificial intelligence. In this paper, we describe the process behind the development of the language- related parts of the strategy: A Danish Language Technology Committee was constituted and a comprehensive series of workshops were organised in which users, suppliers, developers, and researchers gave their valuable input based on their experiences. We describe how, based on this experience, the focus areas and recommendations for the LT strategy were established, and which steps are currently taken in order to put the strategy into practice. Keywords: Danish, language strategy, language policy reductions - which foreigners often experience as 1. LT in Denmark mumbling. This makes the Danish language difficult to understand and produce – not least for speech technology Denmark is one of the most highly digitised societies in applications. Europe. Several ambitious governmental IT strategies during the last ten years have led to the digitization of most Over the years, a number of language databases and tools processes in the public space. (Digital Strategy 2016-2020). for Danish have been created based on public and private All citizens have a digital secure login to public services initiatives, but the linguistic resources for Danish are still and other services. All citizens and companies are obliged somewhat scattered and efforts have not been sufficiently to regularly consult their government-provided virtual coordinated. In particular, insufficient attention has been mailbox (the so-called e-Boks, cf. eboks.dk) while paper- paid to the fact that these building blocks, often costly to based correspondence is no longer supported by the public produce, generally need upscaling, validation, and sector. Schools are obliged to provide educational services maintenance, and last but not least that they should be made online, and all public service providers must serve the freely available. This means that many data sets are limited citizens via online interfaces. Central recommendations or not available at all. have been made for the development of IT systems for state institutions. Here, the development of clear terminology Speech technology is currently the most discussed and semantic descriptions of metadata and content play a technology. There are a few international and Danish crucial role. technology providers, but most of them are based on Nuance proprietary technology, and there are no freely However, governmental initiatives for artificial available speech corpora of sufficient size and quality for intelligence and especially for LT have been rather scarce. developing state-of-the-art speech recognizers and In the META NET white papers (Pedersen et al. 2012), synthetic voices. Danish was among the lowest ranked languages in Europe, and even much smaller language communities such as Machine translation is supplied by international providers Iceland and Latvia have invested more in LT in recent such as Microsoft and Google, and no Danish MT provider years. has been entering the market so far. A Danish FrameNet, a semantically annotated corpus, a This is mainly due to five factors: Danish wordnet and several other datasets, wordlists, 1. The lack of freely available linguistic resources corpora and tools exist (for details, see sprogtek2018). 2. The specific characteristics of the Danish language Common for many of these collections, however, is the fact 3. The small size of Denmark, both as a language that they are neither complete nor validated to a sufficient community and as a market (5.8 mill. citizens). degree since they are typically developed under projects 4. Lack of coordination in the development, distribution with limited budget and duration. and use of Danish LT 5. Too modest investment in research and training in Only a few smaller companies offer tailored services such Danish LT in recent years. as semantic search, taxonomy based indexation and the development of chat bot services. 2. Existing LT for Danish Danish differs markedly from English both in the way 3. Developments in Knowledge Modelling, words and sentences are formed, and in the way, words are Terminology and Public IT Architecture pronounced. Danish is exceptionally vowel rich (it has In a highly digitized society, the need for consistent IT three times more vowels than English in IPA-counting). systems that smoothly support human workflows, for Danish pronunciation is characterized by a lot of phonetic instance in relation to electronic patient records or the 3297 document management systems of municipalities, is of During 2015, the Danish Language Council published a vital importance. number of articles explaining the principles behind a number of LT applications such as spell checkers, speech Over the years, thousands of public IT systems have been recognition, MT and concept modelling in relation to developed, but they are not communicating in a common terminology (Diderichsen 2015-1; Diderichsen & Kirkedal language, and there has not previously been a common 2015; Diderichsen 2015-2; Diderichsen 2016; Madsen & public plan for how IT systems securely and efficiently can Hoffmann 2016). Together with leading researchers in the exchange data and become part of a coherent process. field, another article was published in the newspapers illustrating the problems that Denmark would face, if no Therefore, the government, municipalities and regions measures were taken to improve Danish LT (Diderichsen have agreed that, as part of the public digitization strategy et al. 2016). for 2016-20, a common public architecture for secure and efficient data sharing and the development of processes that This led to a new proposal in parliament by the Danish connect public services must be established. People’s Party in 2016: to establish a Danish language A number of general principles have been developed that committee. The proposal was well received, but not all publicly funded IT projects must adhere to: immediately accepted. Instead, it was decided to call a public hearing about LT in the parliaments committee of 1. IT architecture must be managed at the right level culture in the beginning of 2017. This hearing, finally, led according to a common framework to the establishment of a language technology committee 2. IT architecture must promote coherence, innovation under the Ministry of Culture led by the Danish Language and efficiency Council in the beginning of 2018. 3. IT architecture and legal provisions must support each other 5. The Work of the Danish Language 4. Security, privacy and trust must be ensured Technology Committee 5. Processes must be optimized across different fields 6. Good data must be shared and reused 5.1 Organisation and Composition 7. IT solutions must collaborate effectively The Language Technology Committee was established by 8. Data and services must be delivered reliably. the Minister of Culture and organised by the Danish Language Council. The work started on January 1st 2018. In particular, principles 3 and 6 point to the need to create The purpose of the committee was to clarify the a common language and a clear understanding of concepts perspectives and challenges of LT in a Danish context and and the importance of data sharing. A uniform and to produce a set of recommendations on how to stimulate consistent description of concepts, both in legislation and research and development in Danish LT as used in artificial IT architecture, is a cornerstone of the Danish IT intelligence, teaching, public services, and related areas. architecture principles emphasising the need for a closer The committee was also required to investigate the integration of terminology, concept modelling and perspectives for a national term bank. semantic description in the public sector. The committee consisted of 14 members representing 4. Academic and Political Initiatives to promote LT Large international IT companies (IBM and Google), Danish LT companies (Ankiro, Dictus, MIRSK and Over the last 10 years, several academic and political Unsilo) initiatives were taken in order to promote LT for Danish. User representatives (the municipalities of Odense and Already in 2009, the Danish Language Committee under Ballerup) the Minister of Culture stressed the need for more research Researchers and language resource developers (the into and development of LT in its report Sprog til tiden Centre for Language Technology at Copenhagen (2009). University, the DANTERM Centre at Copenhagen Even more strongly, the report of the Danish Language Business School and the Danish Society for Language Council, on the status of
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Is Spoken Danish Less Intelligible Than Swedish? Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J
    Is spoken Danish less intelligible than Swedish? Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J. van Heuven, Renée van Bezooijen, Jos J.A. Pacilly To cite this version: Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J. van Heuven, Renée van Bezooijen, Jos J.A. Pacilly. Is spoken Danish less intelligible than Swedish?. Speech Communication, Elsevier : North-Holland, 2010, 52 (11-12), pp.1022. 10.1016/j.specom.2010.06.005. hal-00698848 HAL Id: hal-00698848 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00698848 Submitted on 18 May 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Accepted Manuscript Is spoken Danish less intelligible than Swedish? Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J. van Heuven, Renée van Bezooijen, Jos J.A. Pacilly PII: S0167-6393(10)00109-3 DOI: 10.1016/j.specom.2010.06.005 Reference: SPECOM 1901 To appear in: Speech Communication Received Date: 3 August 2009 Revised Date: 31 May 2010 Accepted Date: 11 June 2010 Please cite this article as: Gooskens, C., van Heuven, V.J., van Bezooijen, R., Pacilly, J.J.A., Is spoken Danish less intelligible than Swedish?, Speech Communication (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.specom.2010.06.005 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Sixth Periodical Report Presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in Accordance with Article 15 of the Charter
    Strasbourg, 19 February 2018 MIN-LANG (2018) PR 1 EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Sixth periodical report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter GERMANY Sixth Report of the Federal Republic of Germany pursuant to Article 15 (1) of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages 2017 3 Table of contents A. PRELIMINARY REMARKS ................................................................................................................8 B. UPDATED GEOGRAPHIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION ...............................................9 C. GENERAL TRENDS..........................................................................................................................10 I. CHANGED FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS......................................................................................................10 II. LANGUAGE CONFERENCE, NOVEMBER 2014 .........................................................................................14 III. DEBATE ON THE CHARTER LANGUAGES IN THE GERMAN BUNDESTAG, JUNE 2017..............................14 IV. ANNUAL IMPLEMENTATION CONFERENCE ...............................................................................................15 V. INSTITUTE FOR THE LOW GERMAN LANGUAGE, FEDERAL COUNCIL FOR LOW GERMAN ......................15 VI. BROCHURE OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR ....................................................................19 VII. LOW GERMAN IN BRANDENBURG.......................................................................................................19
    [Show full text]
  • An Update and Extension of the META-NET Study “Europe’S Languages in the Digital Age”
    An Update and Extension of the META-NET Study “Europe’s Languages in the Digital Age” Georg Rehm1, Hans Uszkoreit1, Ido Dagan2, Vartkes Goetcherian3, Mehmet Ugur Dogan4, Coskun Mermer4, Tamás Varadi5, Sabine Kirchmeier-Andersen6, Gerhard Stickel7, Meirion Prys Jones8, Stefan Oeter9, Sigve Gramstad10 META-NET META-NET META-NET META-NET DFKI GmbH Bar-Ilan University Arax Ltd. Tübitak Bilgem Berlin, Germany1 Tel Aviv, Israel2 Luxembourg3 Gebze, Turkey4 EFNIL, META-NET EFNIL, META-NET EFNIL NPLD Hungarian Academy of Sciences Danish Language Council Institut für Deutsche Sprache Network to Promote Ling. Diversity Budapest, Hungary5 Copenhagen, Denmark6 Mannheim, Germany7 Cardiff, Wales8 Council of Europe, Com. of Experts Council of Europe, Com. of Experts University of Hamburg Bergen, Norway10 Hamburg, Germany9 Abstract This paper extends and updates the cross-language comparison of LT support for 30 European languages as published in the META-NET Language White Paper Series. The updated comparison confirms the original results and paints an alarming picture: it demonstrates that there are even more dramatic differences in LT support between the European languages. Keywords: LR National/International Projects, Infrastructural/Policy Issues, Multilinguality, Machine Translation 1. Introduction and Overview This paper extends and updates one important result of the work carried out within the META-VISION pillar The multilingual setup of our European society im- of the initiative, the cross-language comparison of LT poses societal challenges on political, economic and support for 30 European languages as published in the social integration and inclusion, especially in the cre- META-NET Language White Paper Series (Rehm and ation of the single digital market and unified informa- Uszkoreit, 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • Does the Nordic Region Speak with a FORKED Tongue?
    Does the Nordic Region Speak with a FORKED Tongue? The Queen of Denmark, the Government Minister and others give their views on the Nordic language community KARIN ARVIDSSON Does the Nordic Region Speak with a FORKED Tongue? The Queen of Denmark, the Government Minister and others give their views on the Nordic language community NORD: 2012:008 ISBN: 978-92-893-2404-5 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/Nord2012-008 Author: Karin Arvidsson Editor: Jesper Schou-Knudsen Research and editing: Arvidsson Kultur & Kommunikation AB Translation: Leslie Walke (Translation of Bodil Aurstad’s article by Anne-Margaret Bressendorff) Photography: Johannes Jansson (Photo of Fredrik Lindström by Magnus Fröderberg) Design: Mar Mar Co. Print: Scanprint A/S, Viby Edition of 1000 Printed in Denmark Nordic Council Nordic Council of Ministers Ved Stranden 18 Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K DK-1061 Copenhagen K Phone (+45) 3396 0200 Phone (+45) 3396 0400 www.norden.org The Nordic Co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. Nordic co-operation has firm traditions in politics, the economy, and culture. It plays an important role in European and international collaboration, and aims at creating a strong Nordic community in a strong Europe. Nordic co-operation seeks to safeguard Nordic and regional interests and principles in the global community. Common Nordic values help the region solidify its position as one of the world’s most innovative and competitive. Does the Nordic Region Speak with a FORKED Tongue? The Queen of Denmark, the Government Minister and others give their views on the Nordic language community KARIN ARVIDSSON Preface Languages in the Nordic Region 13 Fredrik Lindström Language researcher, comedian and and presenter on Swedish television.
    [Show full text]
  • Danish University Lecturers' Attitudes Towards English As the Medium of Instruction Ibérica, Núm
    Ibérica ISSN: 1139-7241 [email protected] Asociación Europea de Lenguas para Fines Específicos España Jensen, Christian; Thøgersen, Jacob Danish University lecturers' attitudes towards English as the medium of instruction Ibérica, núm. 22, 2011, pp. 13-33 Asociación Europea de Lenguas para Fines Específicos Cádiz, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=287023888002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative 01 IBERICA 22.qxp:Iberica 13 21/09/11 16:59 Página 13 Danish University lecturers’ attitudes towards English as the medium of instruction Christian Jensen and Jacob Thøgersen University of Copenhagen (Denmark) [email protected] & [email protected] Abstract The increasing use of English in research and higher education has been the subject of heated debate in Denmark and other European countries over the last years. This paper sets out the various positions in the national debate in Denmark, and then examines the attitudes towards these positions among the teaching staff at the country’s largest university. Four topics are extracted from the debate – one which expresses a positive attitude towards English and three independent but interrelated topics which express more negative attitudes. The responses from the university lecturers show that a majority agree with all positions, negative as well as positive. This finding indicates that the attitude may not form a simple one-dimensional dichotomy. The responses are broken down according to lecturer age and the proportion of teaching the lecturer conducts in English.
    [Show full text]
  • There Is No Time Like the Past Retro Between Memory and Materiality in Contemporary Culture Handberg, Kristian
    There is no time like the past Retro between memory and materiality in contemporary culture Handberg, Kristian Publication date: 2014 Document version Early version, also known as pre-print Citation for published version (APA): Handberg, K. (2014). There is no time like the past: Retro between memory and materiality in contemporary culture. Det Humanistiske Fakultet, Københavns Universitet. Download date: 26. Sep. 2021 FACULTY OF HUMANITIES UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN PhD thesis Kristian Handberg There’s no time like the past Retro between memory and materiality in contemporary culture Academic advisor: Mette Sandbye Submitted: 09/05/2014 Institutnavn: Institut for Kunst og Kulturvidenskab Name of department: Department of Arts and Cultural Studies Author: Kristian Handberg Titel og evt. undertitel: There´s no time like the past Title / Subtitle: Retro between memory and materiality in contemporary culture Subject description: A study of retro in contemporary culture as cultural memory through analyses of site-specific contexts of Montreal and Berlin. Academic advisor: Mette Sandbye, lektor, Institut for Kunst og Kulturvidenskab, Københavns Universitet. Co-advisor: Will Straw, Professor, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Submitted: May 2014 2 Contents AKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 7 There’s no time like the past: Presenting the project
    [Show full text]
  • Variation Versus Standardisation. the Case of Norwegian Bokmal: Some
    Eskil Hanssen Variation versus standardisation The case ofNorwegian bokmàl: some sociolinguistic trends Abstract The articIc deals with the devclopment of the Norwegian standard bokmäl and the language situation in Norway at present. Bokmäl came to light during the laller half of the 19th century, through refonns of the prevailing wrillen Danish, at the same time as the other Norwegian standard, the dialcct-based nynorsk. The prin­ ciplcs and ideologies of the bokmäl refonns arc discussed. The second part of the article deals with the interaction between wriUen and spoken varieties, and their status in society. Examples of prescnt-day linguistic changes and the sociolinguistic forces behind them are discussed. Historical background of bokTrnU Norway has been characterised as a "laboratory" for language planning (Vik~r 1988:7), and this metaphor may seem appropriate for more than one reason. The history of language standardisation is much shorter than in most other European countrics, only about 150 years old. On the other hand, language planning in the modem sen sc of the word (Fishman 1974:79, Haugen 1979:111) has been very actively pursued, and has concerned both wriUen and spoken language. The language planning activities in the 19th century were conducted along two main lines, resulLing in two wrillen standards, presently called bokmal and nynorsk.! It is not possiblc to go into detail about the historical background within the limited scope of this article. (An extensive overview is given by Haugen 1966, sec also Venäs 1990.) Instead I shall discuss the case of bokmal, sketching its origin, development, and present status.
    [Show full text]
  • 978-1-926846-94-1.Pdf
    This is a reproduction of a book from the McGill University Library collection. Title: Travels through Denmark, Sweden, Austria, and part of Italy in 1798 & 1799 Author: Küttner, Carl Gottlob, 1755-1805 Publisher, year: London : Printed for Richard Phillips, 1805 The pages were digitized as they were. The original book may have contained pages with poor print. Marks, notations, and other marginalia present in the original volume may also appear. For wider or heavier books, a slight curvature to the text on the inside of pages may be noticeable. ISBN of reproduction: 978-1-926846-94-1 This reproduction is intended for personal use only, and may not be reproduced, re-published, or re-distributed commercially. For further information on permission regarding the use of this reproduction contact McGill University Library. McGill University Library www.mcgill.ca/library TRAVELS THROUGH DENMARK, SAVEDEN, AUSTRIA, AND PART OF ITALY, IN 1798 # 1799, BY CHARLES GOTTLOB KUTTNER TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN. LONDON: PRINTED FOR RICHARD PHILLIPS, 71, ST. PAUL'S CHUUCK YARD, By Barnard # Sultzer, Water Lane, Fleet Street, 1805. ADVERTISEMENT OF THE TRANSLATOR. 1 HE Writer of the following Pages is a literary Character of considerable eminence in Germany, and not wholly unknown in Eng­ land, with which a long visit has rendered him intimately acquainted. His observations are obviously not the result of a superficial mind. A residence in different Countries has fur­ nished him with an opportunity of seeing objects in various points of view, and has enabled him to draw more accurate conclu­ sions from those which fall under his observ­ ation.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Regard Review.Pdf
    This is a repository copy of Brains, ears and eyes on language. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/148215/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Montgomery, C. orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-2909 (2020) Brains, ears and eyes on language. American Speech: A Quarterly of Linguistic Usage, 95 (3). pp. 356-363. ISSN 0003-1283 https://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-8661822 © 2020 American Dialect Society. This is an author-produced version of a paper subsequently published in American Speech. Uploaded in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Brains, ears and eyes on language: Review of Language Regard: Methods, Variation and Change Edited by Betsy E. Evans, Erica J. Benson, James N. Stanford Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. Pp. xxv + 304. ISBN 9781107162808; Reviewed by Chris Montgomery, University of Sheffield, UK Language Regard, a term first introduced by Preston (2010) to “cover the object of several approaches that highlight nonlinguist perceptions of language” (Preston 2018: 3), is the subject of this excellent collection edited by Betsy E.
    [Show full text]
  • Official Language and Education Policies
    University of Iceland School of Humanities Department of English Official Language and Education Policies In Monolingual Iceland and Multilingual Luxembourg B.A. Essay Hildur Jóna Ragnarsdóttir Kt.: 230394-3859 Supervisor: Birna Arnbjörnsdóttir May 2016 1 Abstract This thesis describes the official language and language education policies of monolingual Iceland and multilingual Luxembourg. These policies are then compared and contrasted and their practical implementations examined. Iceland places emphasis on the preservation of its national language, Icelandic, to stem possible linguistic influences and domain loss of the language due to globalization and the rise of the English language at all levels of the Icelandic society. Therefore Iceland’s language policy can be seen as taking a monolingual stance. But English and various other foreign languages are offered in the Icelandic school system with some schools even starting formal English language courses before the official instruction in 4th grade. As Luxembourg is situated in the heart of Europe, its neighbours’ languages influence its official language policies. Luxembourg has three official languages and consequently its school system is multilingual as well, putting a lot of emphasis on French and German language instruction but not as much on its national language, Luxembourgish. There can be advantages and disadvantages to both a monolingual and multilingual language policy and culture. The preservation of one’s national language in all domains of society as it is done in Iceland is important for the preservation of the country’s culture and linguistic past but it is also important to be able to communicate outside of one’s own country or with foreigners inside one’s country.
    [Show full text]
  • Why Compare English to Other Languages?
    Inaugural Lecture, Aarhus University, 11.04.2016 Why compare English to other languages? Sten Vikner Department of English, Aarhus University [email protected] ● www.hum.au.dk/engelsk/engsv ● http://au.dk/en/sten.vikner@cc Content Abstract .................................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Reasons for comparing English to other languages ....................................................................... 2 2. How to compare English to other languages .................................................................................. 3 2.1 Phonetics ................................................................................................................................ 3 2.2 Morphology ........................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Syntax .................................................................................................................................... 4 2.3.1 Basic analysis ............................................................................................................ 4 2.3.2 Adjunction and constituency tests ............................................................................. 5 2.3.3 English-Danish differences on the left: Inversion / V2 ............................................. 5 2.3.4 English-Danish differences in the centre: V°-to-I° mvt. ........................................... 7 2.3.5 English-Danish
    [Show full text]
  • Language and Culture in Norway
    LANGUAGE AND CULTURE IN NORWAY EVAMAAGER0 Vestfold University College, Faculty of Education, Tjilnsberg (Noruega) PRESENTACIÓN Eva Maagerjil es profesora de lengua de la Universidad de Vestfold en Noruega. La Universidad de Valencia tiene establecido con esta universidad un convenio de intercambio de alumnos y profesores dentro del programa Sócrates-Erasmus. En este contexto hemos entablado relaciones prometedoras con profesores del área de lengua y literatura de dicha institución y estamos estudiando la puesta en marcha de un grupo conjunto de trabajo en tomo al bilingüismo. En una reciente visita a Valencia la profesora Maagerjil impartió una conferen­ cia sobre la diversidad lingüística y cultural en Noruega y su tratamiento en la escuela. En Noruega conviven diversos dialectos orales del noruego junto con dos versiones oficiales de lengua escrita y dos lenguas no indoeuropeas de las minorías étnicas lapona y finlandesa, a las que hay que añadir las múltiples len­ guas de las minorías de inmigrantes. El interés del tema, la singularidad del caso noruego y la oportunidad de estar preparando este número monográfico de Lenguaje y textos nos movieron a pedirle un artículo para incluir en nuestra revista. Creemos que puede constituir una interesante contribución al debate en tomo al tratamiento de la diversidad lingüística y cultural. Departamento de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura. Universidad de Valencia Palabras clave: dialecto, lengua escrita, lengua oficial, plurilingüismo, inter­ culturalidad, lengua y escuela, lengua e identidad. Key words: Dialect, written language, officiallanguage, multilingualism, inter­ culture, language and school, language and identity. 1. INTRODUCTION Only 4,5 million Norwegians, two written Norwegian languages, a lot of dialects which have such a strong position that they can be spoken even from the platform in the parliament, and no oral standard language which children are taught in school.
    [Show full text]