DOCSLIB.ORG

Chamberlain and Hitler 37

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chamberlain and Hitler 37 0465012756_FM.qxd:reynolds 2/6/09 1:47 PM Page a PRAISE FOR DAVID REYNOLDS’S SUMMITS “Most historians agree that summits played a central role in 20th- century international relations, but explaining how or why these meetings mattered so much has often proved frustrating. David Reynolds—a Cambridge historian—has now filled the gap with a book that is as penetrating in its overarching analysis as it is rich in detail about individual encounters at the summit: the result is a study in international history at its very finest.” —Irish Times “Behind the narrative lies a muscular analytic mind.” —Sunday Times “Lucid, authoritative account of big-power diplomatic parleys from Munich to Camp David.” —Kirkus “Reynolds had the intriguing idea of examining the conflicts of the 20th century through the lens of its pivotal summit meetings. Given his Cambridge professorship and eight books on WWII and the Cold War (Command of History), the author’s thorough mastery of his subject is reflected in the fluency and assurance of the writing.” —Publishers Weekly “Author David Reynolds takes us on a virtual trek to the summit and back in a book that is as entertaining and eye-opening as it is instructive.” —Arkansas Democrat-Gazette 0465012756_FM.qxd:reynolds 2/6/09 1:47 PM Page b “This is an essential book for a deeper understanding and apprecia- tion of the difficulties and the possibilities of international summitry.” —Lincoln Journal Star “A fascinating look at historical events through this particular lens. ” —Library Journal “Masterly . required reading.” —Spectator “David Reynolds writes with pace and verve . he has given us a fine book.” —Literary Review “Compellingly written . a work of great originality . an impor- tant book, which should change the way we think about the inter- national history of the twentieth century.” —Times Literary Supplement reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page i SUMMITS reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page ii also by david reynolds The Creation of the Anglo-American Alliance: A Study in Competitive Cooperation, 1937–1941 An Ocean Apart:The Relationship between Britain and America in the Twentieth Century (with David Dimbleby) Britannia Overruled: British Policy and World Power in the Twentieth Century The Origins of the Cold War in Europe (editor) Allies at War:The Soviet,American and British Experience, 1939–1945 (co-edited with Warren F.Kimball and A.O. Chubarian) Rich Relations:The American Occupation of Britain, 1942–1945 One World Divisible:A Global History since 1945 From Munich to Pearl Harbor: Roosevelt’s America and the Origins of the Second World War In Command of History: Churchill Fighting and Writing the Second World War From World War to Cold War: Churchill, Roosevelt and the International History of the 1940s reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page iii SUMMITS Six Meetings That Shaped the Twentieth Century DAVID REYNOLDS A Member of the Perseus Books Group New York 0465012756_FM.qxd:reynolds 2/5/09 5:45 PM Page iv Copyright © 2007 by David Reynolds Hardcover edition first published in 2007 by Basic Books A Member of the Perseus Books Group Paperback edition first published in 2009 by Basic Books All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Books published by Basic Books are available at special discounts for bulk purchases in the United States by corporations, institutions, and other organizations. For more information, please contact the Special Markets Department at the Perseus Books Group, 2300 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19103, or call (800) 810-4145, extension. 5000, or email special.markets@perseusbooks.com. design by jane raese Text set in 12.5-point Bembo Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. hardcover isbn: 978-0-465-06904-0 paperback isbn: 978-0-465-01275-6 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page v For my mother reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page vi This page intentionally left blank reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page vii CONTENTS List of Maps ix List of Illustrations xi Introduction 1 1 Toward the Summit: From Babylon to Versailles 11 2 Munich 1938: Chamberlain and Hitler 37 3 Yalta 1945: Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin 103 4 Vienna 1961: Kennedy and Khrushchev 163 5 Moscow 1972: Brezhnev and Nixon 223 6 Camp David 1978: Begin, Carter and Sadat 283 7 Geneva 1985: Gorbachev and Reagan 343 8 Summitry as a Way of Life: From the G7 to Bush and Blair 401 Sources and Acknowledgments 437 Abbreviations 441 Notes 445 Index 521 reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page viii This page intentionally left blank reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page ix MAPS 2-1 Germany and its neighbors, 1919-38 39 3-1 Map of Germany and Poland drawn by the State Department for the Yalta conference, 1945 135 4-1 Cold War Europe, 1949 165 4-2 U.S. Information Agency map of Vienna for the 1961 summit 192 6-1 Israel before and after the 1967 war 285 6-2 Camp David in 1978 311 7-1 Villa Fleur d’Eau, venue for day one of the Geneva summit, 1985 369 7-2 The Soviet Mission in Geneva, venue for day two of the 1985 summit 377 ix reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page x This page intentionally left blank reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page xi ILLUSTRATIONS I-1 The final summit 3 2-1 The new diplomacy and the old 53 2-2 Getting the people of Munich onto the streets 91 2-3 The notorious “piece of paper” 95 3-1 The flying statesmen 105 5-1 The perils of chopstick diplomacy 245 5-2 Welcome to Moscow 259 6-1 Carter’s final appeal at Camp David 328 7-1 Fatal attraction? 355 xi reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page xii This page intentionally left blank reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page xiii It is not easy to see how things could be worsened by a parley at the summit. —Winston Churchill, Feb. 14, 1950 It is far better that we meet at the summit than at the brink. —John F.Kennedy, Oct. 1, 1959 It’s always the same with these conferences . The Great Men don’t know what they’re talking about and have to be educated. —Sir Alexander Cadogan,Yalta, Feb. 6, 1945 If great princes have a desire to continue friends, in my judgment they ought never to meet. —Philippe de Commines, c. 1490 reynolds_FM.qxd 8/31/07 10:31 AM Page xiv This page intentionally left blank reynolds_01.qxd 8/31/07 10:30 AM Page 1 INTRODUCTION he term “summit” was coined by Winston Churchill. TSpeaking in Edinburgh on February 14, 1950, in the dark days of the Cold War, he called for “another talk with the Soviet Union at the highest level,”adding that it was “not easy to see how matters could be worsened by a parley at the summit.”What prompted Churchill to apply “summit” to diplomacy is not clear, but the word was popping up in British newspapers because expeditions to scale Mount Everest, the world’s highest peak, had resumed in the late 1940s. Repeating his call for “a conference on the highest level” on May 11, 1953, Churchill appealed for a will to peace “at the summit of the nations.” He delivered this speech to the House of Commons while the eighth attempt on Everest was in progress: the summit was finally conquered at the end of that month. 1 The Everest obsession helps explain why Churchill’s metaphor rooted itself in popular consciousness. A conference of the Ameri- can, Soviet, British and French leaders in Geneva in July 1955 was billed as a “Parley at the Summit” by Time magazine, and “summit” was picked up as an official term by the U.S. State Department. Cartoonists portrayed world leaders eyeing a peak or perched un- comfortably on its top (figure I-1). By 1958 the term “summit”had become a heading in the New York Times annual index—a useful barometer of usage—and today it is a routine part of our political vocabulary,with equivalents in many languages.2 Yet familiarity breeds insensitivity. It is worth reflecting for a moment on Churchill’s arresting phrase “a parley at the summit.” The archaic “parley,”much used by Shakespeare, evokes a hazardous encounter between enemies to broker terms. In Titus Andronicus, 1 reynolds_01.qxd 8/31/07 10:30 AM Page 2 summits for instance, the scheming Empress Tamora tells the Roman noble, Aemilius: Go thou before, be our ambassador: Say that the emperor requests a parley Of warlike Lucius3 And “summit” conjures up the heritage of European Romanti- cism—the mountain peak as both perilous and sublime—cele- brated, for example, by the poet William Wordsworth, the novelist Thomas Mann or the painter Caspar David Friedrich.The moun- tain is a place of danger, its “conquest” a moment of personal tri- umph and liberation. In the lines of Lord Byron: All that expands the spirit, yet appals, Gathers around these summits, as to show How Earth may pierce to Heaven, yet leave vain man below.4 From the top one sees the world in a new and different way, for good or ill, because a mountain is a magical place.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bundesgästehaus Auf Dem Petersberg Gästehaus Der Bundesrepublik Deutschland Bzw
    Bundesgästehaus auf dem Petersberg Gästehaus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland bzw. Gästehaus der Verfassungsorgane der Bundesrepublik Deutschland heute Steigenberger Grandhotel & Spa Petersberg Schlagwörter: Kurhotel, Gästehaus, Villa, Lazarett, Regierungsgebäude, Biergarten Fachsicht(en): Kulturlandschaftspflege, Landeskunde Gemeinde(n): Königswinter Kreis(e): Rhein-Sieg-Kreis Bundesland: Nordrhein-Westfalen Der Eingang zum Steigenberger Grandhotel auf dem Petersberg (2008). Fotograf/Urheber: Knöchel, Franz-Josef .Auf dem zunächst Stromberg, später durch die Wallfahrtskapelle Sankt Peter Petersberg genannten und mit 331 Metern Höhe fünfthöchsten der sieben großen Berge des Siebengebirges befindet sich das Grandhotel, das als Gästehaus der „provisorischen“ Bonner Bundesrepublik Bedeutung erlangte. Sommerresidenz und Kurhotel (seit 1834) Sitz der Alliierten Hohen Kommission (1949-1952) Gästehaus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (1955-1969, 1973 und seit 1990) Ort von Gipfeltreffen, Konferenzen und Tagungen (seit 1990) Aktuelle Situation Drehort eines WDR-„Tatort“ Münster mit „Thiel & Boerne“ Quelle, Internet, Literatur .Sommerresidenz und Kurhotel (seit 1834) Das spätere Hotel wurde 1834 zunächst als Sommerresidenz des Kölner Bankeris und Kaufmanns Joseph Ludwig Mertens (1782- 1842) und seiner Frau, der auch als „Rheingräfin“ bekannten Bankierstochter Sibylle Mertens-Schaaffhausen (1797-1857) auf der ehemaligen Domäne Petersberg erbaut. In diesen Jahren verkehrten hier der bedeutende Romantiker August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767-1845) und der Schriftsteller
    [Show full text]
  • PDF Van Tekst
    Memoires 1977-1978 Willem Oltmans bron Willem Oltmans, Memoires 1977-1978. Papieren Tijger, Breda 2008 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/oltm003memo23_01/colofon.php © 2013 dbnl / Willem Oltmans Stichting 7 Inleiding 2007 was het verschrikkelijkste jaar van mijn leven. Ik kwam langzaam uit een periode van rouw, en probeerde niet alleen de dood van mijn beste vriend (september 2004) te begrijpen, maar ook te accepteren. Ik kwam terecht in 'n total burn-out. Misschien is de dood van je ouders onvermijdelijk, maar de dood van je vriend brengt een gevoel van groot verlies en alles omvattende pijn met zich mee. Ik trok me terug en sloot me op alsof de wereld niet bestond. Toen kreeg een weinig bekende virus vat op mij, en werd ik door het Guillain Barre Syndroom geveld. Van de ene dag op de andere was ik lichamelijk volkomen verlamd. Hoewel ik niet kon spreken, slikken of ademen, was mijn geest alerter en verfijnder afgestemd dan ooit. Gekoppeld aan slangen en apparatuur om mij in leven te houden, lag ik maanden op mijn rug in de intensive care. De gedachten aan diegene die ik lief had en mij steunden, gaf mij de kracht te willen herstellen. Ik moest beter worden, al was het alleen maar om diegenen, die mijn leven hadden verrijkt, te bedanken. Ik dacht aan Willem natuurlijk. WILLEM OLTMANS voor het publiek. Voor mij, simpelweg, mijn Willem. Tijdens de laatste zes maanden van zijn leven had de ziekte hem totaal uitgeput. Als gevolg daarvan werd een van zijn grootste passies van hem afgenomen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Aspen Institute Germany ANNUAL REPORT 2007 2008 the Aspen Institute 2 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 2008 the Aspen Institute ANNUAL REPORT 2007 3 2008
    The Aspen Institute Germany ANNUAL REPORT 2007 2008 The Aspen Institute 2 ANNUAL REPORT 2007 2008 The Aspen Institute ANNUAL REPORT 2007 3 2008 Dear Friend of the Aspen Institute In the following pages you will find a report on the Aspen Institute Germany’s activities for the years 2007 and 2008. As you may know, the Aspen Institute Germany is a non-partisan, privately supported organization dedicated to values-based leadership in addressing the toughest policy challenges of the day. As you will see from the reports on the Aspen European Strategy Forum, Iran, Syria, Lebanon and the Balkans that follow, a significant part of Aspen’s current work is devoted to promoting dialogue between key stakeholders on the most important strategic issues and to building lasting ties and constructive exchanges between leaders in North America, Europe and the Near East. The reports on the various events that Aspen convened in 2007 and 2008 show how Aspen achieves this: by bringing together interdisciplinary groups of decision makers and experts from business, academia, politics and the arts that might otherwise not meet. These groups are convened in small-scale conferences, seminars and discussion groups to consider complex issues in depth, in the spirit of neutrality and open mindedness needed for a genuine search for common ground and viable solutions. The Aspen Institute organizes a program on leadership development. In the course of 2007 and 2008, this program brought leaders from Germany, Lebanon, the Balkans and the United States of America together to explore the importance of values-based leadership together with one another.
    [Show full text]
  • 02.09.2020 Schauplatz Petersberg Präsentiert Geschichte Und Natur
    02.09.2020 Schauplatz Petersberg präsentiert Geschichte und Natur Ministerpräsident Laschet eröffnet neues Besucherzentrum der NRW-Stiftung Düsseldorf / Königswinter: Ministerpräsident Armin Laschet hat am 2. September 2020 das Besucherzentrum „Schauplatz Petersberg - Erlebnisraum für Geschichte & Natur“ eröffnet. Die Nordrhein-Westfalen-Stiftung Naturschutz, Heimat- und Kulturpflege (NRW-Stiftung) ist Eigentümerin des früheren Wachhauses des Bundesgrenzschutzes auf dem Petersberg. Besucher werden dort über das Hotel als Sitz der Alliierten Hohen Kommissare nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg, das Gästehaus der Bundesregierung und den umliegenden Buchenwald als Teil des Nationalen Naturerbes informiert. „Die Geschichte der Bonner Republik und Nordrhein-Westfalens ist eng miteinander verwoben, das zeigt sich auf dem Petersberg in besonderer Weise: Seit Jahrzehnten kommen hier Staatsoberhäupter und Regierungschefs zusammen. Hier schloss Bundeskanzler Konrad Adenauer 1949 das ‚Petersberger Abkommen‘, hier gastierte 1965 Queen Elisabeth II. bei ihrem ersten Staatsbesuch und hier wurde unter anderem 2010 der ‚Petersberger Klimadialog‘ begründet. Das neue Besucherzentrum ‚Schauplatz Petersberg‘ der Nordrhein-Westfalen-Stiftung dokumentiert auf einzigartige Weise die facettenreiche Historie der vielen herausragenden nationalen und internationalen Konferenzen und Begegnungen. Ich freue mich, dass die Landesstiftung Verantwortung für diesen historischen Ort übernommen hat.“ betont Ministerpräsident Armin Laschet, der zugleich Stiftungsratsvorsitzender der NRW-Stiftung ist. „Es war eine einmalige Chance, das frühere Wachhaus vor dem Abriss zu bewahren und als Besucherzentrum zu nutzen. Die NRW-Stiftung informiert hier über Geschichte und Natur auf dem Petersberg“, erläutert Stiftungspräsident Eckhard Uhlenberg. Die NRW-Stiftung hat den Umbau des Wachhauses und die Einrichtung der Ausstellung initiiert. Gefördert wurde die neue Einrichtung von der Beauftragten der Bundesregierung für Kultur und Medien (BKM) und dem Landschaftsverband Rheinland (LVR).
    [Show full text]
  • Sir Horace Wilson and Appeasement*
    The Historical Journal, 53, 4 (2010), pp. 983–1014 f Cambridge University Press 2010 doi:10.1017/S0018246X10000270 SIR HORACE WILSON AND APPEASEMENT* G. C. P E D E N University of Stirling ABSTRACT. Sir Horace Wilson was Neville Chamberlain’s confidential adviser while the latter was prime minister. The article addresses three questions. First, what was Wilson’s role in Whitehall in connection with rearmament and foreign policy? Second, did he diminish the influence of the Foreign Office? Third, what contribution does his defence of appeasement make to understanding of a subject that continues to divide historians? The article concludes that Wilson played an important role in enabling Chamberlain to pursue his foreign policy goals. However, when there was outright disagreement between Wilson and the Foreign Office, it was the Foreign Office view that prevailed. Finally, the evidence of Wilson’s words and actions, both in 1937–9 and later, broadly supports R. A. C. Parker’s post-revisionist interpretation of appeasement, particularly as regards Munich, but Wilson was a good deal firmer in 1939 about Britain’s will to fight, if necessary, than his critics then or later allowed. No history of British appeasement is complete without some reference to Sir Horace Wilson’s role as Neville Chamberlain’s confidential adviser, and in particular to Wilson’s meetings with Hitler as the prime minister’s emissary im- mediately prior to the Munich conference in September 1938. Yet there has been no serious study of Wilson himself in relation to appeasement since Martin Gilbert published a short article in History Today in 1982.1 To date, archival work on Wilson’s career has been confined to his years at the Ministry of Labour and the Board of Trade.2 This neglect would have surprised Wilson’s contemporaries.
    [Show full text]
  • Heavy Radicals
    WHAT PEOPLE ARE SAYING ABOUT HEAVY RADICALS Heavy Radicals is a concise and insightful history of a long- forgotten but vibrant radical movement. Leonard and Gallagher break new ground in revealing the extent to which law enforcement will go to infiltrate, destabilize and ultimately destroy domestic political organizations that espouse a philosophy counter to the status quo. To better understand the current state of domestic surveillance and political repression, from Occupy Wall Street to the Edward Snowden revelations, start with this little gem of a book. T.J. English, author of The Savage City and Havana Nocturne In this masterfully written and extensively researched book, Aaron Leonard with Conor A. Gallagher offers a no-nonsense critical analysis of one of the most resilient, misunderstood, and controversial anti-capitalist organizations of the last fifty years. This book is a MUST READ for anyone invested in nuancing their understanding of revolutionary political struggle and unrelenting state repression in the United States. Robeson Taj Frazier, author of The East Is Black: Cold War China in the Black Radical Imagination Based on impeccable research, Heavy Radicals explores the rise of the Revolutionary Communist Party in the late 1960s and 1970s. Militant Maoists, dedicated to revolutionary class struggle, the RCP was one of many organizations that fought to carry on the 60s struggle for radical change in the United States well after SDS and other more well known groups imploded. Leonard and Gallagher help us to understand how the RCP’s revolutionary ideology resonated with a small group of young Heavy Radicals: The FBI’s Secret War on America’s Maoists people in post-1968 America, took inspiration from the People’s Republic of China, and brought down the wrath of the FBI.
    [Show full text]
  • National Visions of Eu Defence Policy
    NATIONAL VISIONS OF EU DEFENCE POLICY COMMON DENOMINATORS AND MISUNDERSTANDINGS Edited by FEDERICO SANTOPINTO AND MEGAN PRICE With contributions from JOANNA DOBROWOLSKA-POLAK GIOVANNI FALEG ALESSANDRO MARRONE MANUEL MUNIZ MEGAN PRICE FEDERICO SANTOPINTO CHRISTIAN WURZER COST, GRIP, CEPS CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES (CEPS) BRUSSELS The Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) is an independent policy research institute in Brussels. Its mission is to produce sound policy research leading to constructive solutions to the challenges facing Europe. GRIP (Groupe de recherche et d’information sur la paix et la sécurité) is a research and information institute based in Brussels. Set up in 1979, GRIP specialises in peace and security studies. For more information: www.grip.org This publication is supported by COST. COST is an intergovernmental framework for European Cooperation in Science and Technology, allowing the coordination of nationally funded research on a European level. COST is supported by the European Union RTD Framework Programme. © COST Office, 2013 No permission to reproduce or utilise the contents of this book by any means is necessary, other than in the case of images, diagrams or other materials from other copyright holders. In such cases, permission of the copyright holders is required. This book may be cited as: COST ACTION IS 0805 – title of the publication. The Legal notice by the COST Office: Neither the COST Office nor any person acting on its behalf is responsible for the use which might be made of the information contained in this publication. The COST Office is not responsible for the external websites referred to this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • E50-150313-3 Konrad Adenauer
    PROGRAMM Konrad Adenauer – Leben und Wirken in vier Epochen deutscher Geschichte – Termin: 15. – 17. März 2013 VA-Nummer: E50-150313-3 Tagungsort: Bildungszentrum Schloss Eichholz Freitag, 15. März 2013 14.00 – 14.45 Uhr Begrüßung und Einführung in die Tagung Michael Fey Tagungsleiter 14.45 Uhr Fahrt nach Bad Honnef (Rhöndorf) 15.15 – 17.30 Uhr Auf den privaten Spuren Konrad Adenauers in Rhöndorf Führung durch das Wohnhaus Konrad Adenauers Dr. Corinna Franz Stiftung Bundeskanzler-Adenauer-Haus 17.45 Uhr Rückfahrt nach Schloss Eichholz 18.15 Uhr Abendessen 19.15 – 21.30 Uhr Adenauer und Frankreich Dr. Corinna Franz Stiftung Bundeskanzler-Adenauer-Haus Samstag, 16. März 2013 07.00 – 08.45 Uhr Frühstück 08.45 – 10.15 Uhr Robert Schuman und Charles de Gaulle Dr. Hans Peter Mensing, Bad Honnef Historiker 10.15 Uhr Kaffeepause 10.30 – 12.00 Uhr Adenauer, de Gaulle und der Weg zum Elysée-Vertrag 1958–1963 Dr. Hans Peter Mensing 12.00 Uhr Mittagessen 13.00 – 14.30 Uhr 50 Jahre Elysée-Vertrag: Deutschland und Frankreich in Europa 1963–heute Prof. Dr. Wolfram Hilz Institut für Politische Wissenschaft und Soziologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn 14.45 Uhr Transfer nach Königswinter 15.30 – 17.45 Uhr Grand Hotel Petersberg: Ort wichtiger nationaler und internationaler Entscheidungen Fachkundige Führung durch die historischen Räume des Grand Hotel Petersberg 18.00 Uhr Transfer nach Schloss Eichholz 18.45 Uhr Abendessen Sonntag, 17. März 2013 07.00 – 08.45 Uhr Frühstück 08.45 – 9.30 Uhr Geschichte, Gegenwart und Zukunft der deutsch-französische Beziehungen: Abschlussdiskussion Dr. Corinna Franz Stiftung Bundeskanzler-Adenauer-Haus 9.45 Uhr Transfer nach Bonn 10.30 – 12.00 Uhr Der Amtssitz Konrad Adenauers Fachkundige Führung durch das Palais Schaumburg und Park 12.00 Uhr Transfer nach Schloss Eichholz 12.30 Uhr Mittagessen, anschließend Abreise der Gäste Halten Sie bitte für den Besuch des Palais Schaumburg einen gültigen Personalausweis bereit.
    [Show full text]
  • European Defence Capabilities: Lessons from the Past, Signposts for the Future
    HOUSE OF LORDS European Union Committee 31st Report of Session 2010–12 European Defence Capabilities: lessons from the past, signposts for the future Ordered to be printed 24 April 2012 and published 4 May 2012 Published by the Authority of the House of Lords London : The Stationery Office Limited £price HL Paper 292 The European Union Committee The Committee considers EU documents in advance of decisions being taken on them in Brussels, in order to influence the Government’s position and to hold them to account. The Government are required to deposit EU documents in Parliament, and to produce within two weeks an Explanatory Memorandum setting out the implications for the UK. The Committee examines these documents, and ‘holds under scrutiny’ any about which it has concerns, entering into correspondence with the relevant Minister until satisfied. Letters must be answered within two weeks. Under the ‘scrutiny reserve resolution’, the Government may not agree in the EU Council of Ministers to any proposal still held under scrutiny; reasons must be given for any breach. The Committee also conducts inquiries and makes reports. The Government are required to respond in writing to a report’s recommendations within two months of publication. If the report is for debate, then there is a debate in the House of Lords, which a Minister attends and responds to. The Committee has seven Sub-Committees which are: Economic and Financial Affairs and International Trade (Sub-Committee A) Internal Market, Energy and Transport (Sub-Committee B) Foreign Affairs,
    [Show full text]
  • Rotary 02 from Rhine to Wartburg
    Pre Convention Tour 2 From River Rhine to Wartburg Castle Köln(Cologne), Bonn, Kassel, Eisenach, Erfurt, Weimar Your journey begins at the Dom in Cologne, an old but lively city in once.Up the River Rhine to Bonn, Bad Godesberg, Petersberg, from where the „old“ Federal Republic of Germany was governed almost half a century.Martin Luthers Wartburg Castle and the „Classical Weimar“ as a tour final. 25. May, Day 1: „Cologne - founded by the Romans“ Arriving from Frankfurt airport You visit the most remarkable building of this old town: the Dom. It took more than 300 years to complete this phantastic cathedral, a masterpiece of gothik architecture.More than 100 colums carry the vault, which at the nave reaches a height of 43 meters. The 157 meters high double towers of the dom are a landmark, not only for the city of cologne but the whole region. A very impressive afternoon, which ends with dinner and overnight at the Renaissance Hotel. 26. May, Day 2: „Bonn - the former capital“ You reach Bonn by boat. More than 40 years the small town was an important place in worldwide politics. You will walk on the tracks of chancellor Adenauer and many famous international statesmen. Dinner and overnight will be at the „Hotel Petersberg“, the former guesthouse of the German government. 27. May, Day 3: „Herkules and Wartburg“ Through the „Siebengebirge“, a nice hill area, You reach Kassel with its unique mountain park „Wilhelmshöhe“. Aside from the botanical diversity with more than 600 different woody plants the main attraction is the 8,50 meters high copper statue of Herkules, the classical hero.
    [Show full text]
  • CHURCHILL's WAR Is a Series of Volumes on the Life of the British Statesman
    David Irving CHURCHILL’S WAR i – The Struggle for Power Part of Source Notes and Index F FOCAL POINT Copyright © Parforce (UK) Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be commercially reproduced, copied, or transmitted save with written permission of the author in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act of (as amended). Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and to civil claims for damages. CHURCHILL'S WAR is a series of volumes on the life of the British statesman. Vol. i – The Struggle for Power (ISBN ) – was originally published by Veritas (Western Australia) in , by Hutchinson (London) in , by Avon Books (New York) in , and by Herbig Verlag (Munich) in . Vol. ii – Triumph in Adversity (ISBN ) – was published by Focal Point Publications (London) in . A third volume is in preparation. CHURCHILL’S WAR Notes and Sources : Faithless but Fortunate WSC to Clementine, Nov and , (ibid., ff). Harold Nicolson, MS: Portrait of WSC, Gilbert, vol. v, . (Columbia University, New York: WSC to Clementine, Sep , Longwell papers). (Gilbert, vol. v, ). Cecil King diary, Feb , (Boston WSC to Clementine, Sep , Univ.). (Gilbert, vol. v, ). General Sir Hastings Ismay; in Nicolson Maurice Ashley, Churchill as Historian diary, Aug , . (London, ), . Letter from Nigel Nicolson, Mar , Mackenzie King diary, Aug and . Aug , . William Lyon Mackenzie King diary, Chamberlain to Irwin; see note . Aug , (Public Archives of Can- John Davidson, diary, Mar , , ada, Ottawa). recording luncheon with Sir William N Chamberlain (Min of Health) to Ld Berry, later Lord Camrose (Gilbert, Irwin, Aug , (Gilbert, Winston vol.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Guilty Women,' Foreign Policy, and Appeasement in Inter- War Britain
    ‘Guilty Women,’ Foreign Policy, and Appeasement in Inter- War Britain Also by Julie V. Gottlieb FEMININE FASCISM Women in Britain’s Fascist Movement, 1923–1945 THE CULTURE OF FASCISM Visions of the Far Right in Britain (edited with Thomas P. Linehan) MAKING REPUTATIONS Power, Persuasion and the Individual in Modern British Politics (edited with Richard Toye) THE AFTERMATH OF SUFFRAGE Women, Gender and Politics in Britain, 1918–1945 (edited with Richard Toye) ‘Guilty Women,’ Foreign Policy, and Appeasement in Inter- War Britain Julie V. Gottlieb Senior Lecturer in Modern History, University of Sheffield, UK © Julie V. Gottlieb 2015 Corrected Printing 2015 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6– 10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identifi ed as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
    [Show full text]