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The Romance of the Indian Frontiers .Books by the Same Author THE ROMANCE OF THE INDIAN FRONTIERS .BOOKS BY THE SAME AUTHOR THE ARMIES OF INDIA (A. AND. C, BLACK) PIKE AND (:ARRONADE: STORIES OF WA:R ~·. (w. BLACKWOOD AND -soNs). A FREE;' LANCE IN KASMIR.: · A RO~CE ' ...BEHIND. THE . SCENES. IN MANY WARS · : (JOHN MU~Y) . AFGHAN~TAN FROM DARIUS' TO AMA.mn.LAH . .. THE . INDIAN MUTINY IN PERSPECTIVE '',(G. BELL AND ·SON~) • 'GUSTAVUS· ADOLPmJS, .m. NORTHERN mJruUCAN,E · (~oDDER AND sTOuqirr~N) Tim ARMY: ·LIFE .AND WORK SERIES . (9EOFFREY Br,.iis) • THE KINGS' PA~S~· :STO~S· ~F niE GREAT WA:R . • (sHELDON PRESS) . • . ~ • . 4 THE RELIGIONS' AND lllDDEN cuLTS OF. INDIA (SAMPSON LOW .AlfD MARSTON) . , A WAZIRI 'MALIKH' OR HEAD-MAN COMES TO DRAW HIS ALLOWANCE / •' routi .fjJi£·ce THE ROMANCE OF THE INDIAN FRONTIERS , BY LT.-GEN. StR GEORGE MACMUNN K.C.B., K.C.S.I., D.S.O, Colonel-Commandant the Royal Artillery JON:A THAN CAPE' THIRTY BEDFORD SQUARE LONDON & AT TORONTO FIRST PUBLISHED 1931 JONATHAN CAPE LTD,, 30 BEDFORD SQ.UARE, LONDON AND 9I WELUNGTON STREET WEST, TORONTO JONATHAN CAPE & HARRISON SMITH INC. 139 EAST 46TH STREET, NEW YORK PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY J. AND J. GRAY, EDINBURGH PAPER MADE BY JOHN DICKINSON AND CO, LTD, BOUND BY A. W. BAIN AND CO. LTD. CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. THE FRINGES AND FRONTIERS OF INDIA 17 § I. THE WIDE-FLUNG FRONTffiRS § 2. THE GREATER GEOGRAPHY § 3• THE NORTH-WEST FRONTmR HILLS § 4· THE FRONTIER STATES OF THE NORTH § 5• KASHMIR § 6. TIBET, SIKKIM AND BHUTAN § 7. THE ASSAM BORDERS § 8, THE EASTERN FRONTmR II. THE NORTH-WEST FRONTIER THROUGH THE AGES 43 § I, THE COMING OF THE ARYAN § 2. ALEXANDER OF MACEDON § 3• THE COMING OF THE TARTAR § 4• THE SPREAD OF BUDDHISM § 5· THE JATS OR GETAE ; THE SIKHS AND KENT § 6. THE SAKAS 'AND THE GRAECO·BACTRIAN KINGDOMS ON THE INDUS III. TURK, AFGHAN AND MOGUL 66 § I, THE COMING OF ISLAM § 2, THE BEN·I·ISRAEL § 3• THE GRANDEUR AND ROMANCE OF THE MOGUL § 4• THE COMING OF NADIR SHAH KULI § 5· THE RISE oF TnE AFGHAN EMPIRE § 6. THE AFGHANS AND THE FRONTIERS IV. THE LOST GARDEN go §I. }IELOW THE PIR PANJAL § 2, THE SANNIY ASI § 3• THE GARDEN 9 CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE V. THE COMING OF THE BRITISH TO THE NORTH-WEST FRONTIER xo6 § I. BRITISH POLICY § 2. THE JAUNT INTO AFGHANISTAN § 3• THE BRITISH IN KABUL § 4• THE PASSING OF THE DREAM § 5· SIND § 6. THE SIKH WARS § 7• THE DRAMA OF MULTAN , § 8. THE •BRITISH REACH THE FRONTIER VI. CLANS AND TRIBES ON THE FRONTIER 132 § I, THE FRONTmR MOVES TO THE INDUS § 2. THE PATHANS § 3• THE YUZUFZAI § 4· THE AFRIDIS §· 5• THE TRIBES OF KOHAT, · MIRANZAI AND KURRAM § 6. ~AZIRISTAN § 7, THE GO MAL TRIBES § 8. THE GHILZAIS § 9• THE BALUCH § 10. THE STRANGE STORY OF KAFIRISTAN VII. THE FRONTIER IN BRITISH HANDS 155 § I~ THE FAMOUS FRONTIER OFFICERS § 2. THE PUNJAB IRRJi:GULAR FORCE § 3· THE DRAMA OF PESHAWAR, 1857 § 4• FRONTIER EXPEDITIONS § 5· THE SECOND AFGHAN WAR § 6. THE STATELETS THAT F~GE THE PAMIRS § 7. CAMPAIGNING ON THE ROOF OF THE WORLD § 8. THE DRAMA OF CHITRAL IO CONTENTS CHArTER PAG! VIII. THE GREAT FRONTIER RISING OF 1897 x88 §I. THE TREACHERY OF MAIZAR § 2. THE ATTACK ON THE MALAKAND § 3• THE DEFENCE OF THE MALAKAND § 4• THE DEFENCE AND RELIEF OF CHAKDARA § 5· THE SUBSEQ.UENT OPERATIONS § 6. OPERATIONS IN THE GRAECO•BACTRIAN VALLEY § 7, THE INVASION OF THE PESHAWAR VALLEY § 8. ·THE MOHMAND EXPEDITION IX. THE WAR IN THE TWO TIRAHS 215 § I. THE CRISIS IN THE KHAIBER § 2. THE FIERY CROSS IN MIRANZAI § 3• THE DRAMA OF• THE SAMANA § 4· THE TIRAH CAMPAIGN § 5• THE CHAGRU KOTAL § 6. THE TRANSPORT OF THE ARMY § 7• THE COMMANDER•IN•CHIEF1S ~LANS § 8. THE STORMING OF DARGA! • X. THE NORTH~WEST FRONTIER IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 241 § I. AFTER 1897 § 2. THE TRAGEDY OF GUMATTI TOWER § 3• ~. LORD KITCHENER AND LORD CURZON'S POLICY § 4• AFGHANISTAN § 5· THE AMIR1S JESTS § 6, THE WORLD WAR § 7, THE THIRD AFGHAN WAR § 8. THE FALL OF AMANULLAH § 9• THE FRONTmR TO•DAY AND ECONOMIC PROBI$MS § IO. THE COUNTRY•SIDE § I I, THE DRAMA OF MOLLIE ELLIS § 12. THE MILITARY PROBLEM II CONTENTS CHAPTER PAG£ XI. IOD-1-GUL. THE GARLAND OF STORIES 275 § I. THE STORY OF CHIKAI, THE FREEBOOTER § 2. A STUDY IN MARTYRDOM § 3· SUBAHDAR DILAWAR KHAN OF THE GUIDES § 4· THE STORIES THAT COME .THROUGH THE PASSES XII. THE NORTH-EASTERN AND EASTERN FRONTIERS 303 §I. THE NORTH-EASTERN FRONTIER § 2. TIBE~ § 3• TO HOLY LHASA § 4• NEPAL § 5· SIKKIM AND BHUTAN § 6. THE ASSAM BORDER § 7. THE EASTERN FRONTIER § 8. KACHIN LAND § 9· FORTS HARRISON AND MORTON § I 0. THE SHAN FRONTIER AND KARENNI FINALE INDEX 341 12 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS A WAZIRI 'MALIKH' OR HEAD-MAN COMES TO DRAW HIS ALI,OW ANCE Frontispiece MEN AND BOYS IN A TRANS-FRONTIER VILLAGE Facing page 26 NAG AS IN THE IDLLS BETWEEN BURMA AND INDIA, WHO SACRIFICE HU14AN BEINGS AND HUNT HEADS " 39 THE KOHAT PASS " 39 GREYBEARDS IN THE KHAIBER " 64 THE BUDDHIST STUPRA OF SHPOLA IN THE KHAIBER, BUILT IN THE DAYS OF THE KUSHANS AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE CHRISTIAN ERA. ON TOP IS A WATCHMAN'S TOWER BUILT IN Q.UEEN ANNE'S REIGN OF THE MOGUL EMPEROR AURUNGZEB " A RECONNAISSANCE ON THE FRONTIER, THE TOP OF THE RAZMAK NARAI (PASS) " 106 SIR CHARLES NAPIER PURSUING THE ROBBER TRIBES. THE CAMEL CORPS CAN BE SEEN ON THE RIGHT ,, 122 (From an old print) ROAD·MAKING ON THE N.W. FRONTIER (NOTE THE PIQ.UET ON THE RIGHT) 132 THE ROAD TO RAZMAK ON CHRISTMAS DAY 142 A MAHSUD FAMILY COMES TO TOWN " 142 AN AFRIDI WITH A HOME·MADE MARTINI RIFLE " x66 A WAZIRI WITH A STOLEN SERVICE RIFLE " i66 THE LONG ARM OF RETRIBUTION. THE BURNING OF THE MAHSUD WAZIRI STRONGHOLD OF MAKIN AS A RETRIBUTION FOR A LONG SERIES OF RAIDS AND MURDERS 13 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS CONVOY IN A FRONTIER CAMPAIGN (OLD STYLE) Facing page 230 CONVOY IN A FRONTIER CAMPAIGN (NEW STYLE) , 230 TRIBESMEN UNDER THE SHADOW OF A MILITIA POST " 246 THE WAGES OF REBELLION. HABmULLA GHAZI, THE USURPING KING OF KABUL, AND HIS MINISTERS REAP THEIR REWARD FROM NADIR SHAH, IN KABUL 262 " GHILZAIS MARCHING DOWN TO INDIA TO SPEND THEIR WINTER WITH KING GEORGE 262 " AT KANIGURAM IN WAZIRISTAN. · THE BRITISH COM- MANDER DICTATING TERMS TO THE MAHSUD WAZIRIS " 274 WITH THE EXPEDITION TO TmET. IN I 904. 8TH GURKHAS AT PHARI JONG " 294 'CHOICE YOUNG MEN AND GOODLY.' RAJPUT MOSLEM GUNNERS OF A MOUNTAIN HOWITZER " 294 THE EASTERN FRONTIER, THE GEKTEEK VIADUCT, SHAN STATES " 307' THE POTALA AT LHASA, THE VATICAN OF CENTRAL. ASIA, WHERE DWELLS THE DULAI LHAMA " 307 A TRIBESMAN ON THE ASSAM FRONTIER . 322 " A TmETAN MINSTREL ·" 322 MAPS PAGB THE INVADERS' WAYS TO INDIA 79 THE LONG ROADS TO KABUL III . t ROUGH SKETCH OF THE PESHAWAR VALLEY · EASTERN FRONTIER OF BURMA AN OUTLINE OF THE N.•W. FRONTIER OF INDIA AT END 14 INDEX Abdallis, the, 85 Afridis and seditionists, 265 Abdur Rahman, the Amir, attack Samana, 223 145, 175 bought by Congress, 1930, hisaautobiography, 251. 137 his death, 254 Afzul ul Mulk at Chitral, 183 treasure story of, 252 Ahmad Shah, Abdalli, and Abdur Rahman's views, 248 Nadir Shah, 85 Abor Expedition, 191 1•12, 36, at Delhi, 85 322 Air Force, comparative in· Abors, 36 effectiveness of, 273 Adams, Colonel R., earns v.c., gallantry of pilots, 273 205 on North-west Frontier, 273 Afghan disasters, 184I, I 18 Aka Khel Plain, effect of gallant defences, I 18 roads, 265 victory at Panipat, 85 Akbar, emperor, 81 War, Second, 172 · Akkas, 36, 32 I Afghana, son of Saul, 73 Alai, burning of, 27 Afghanistan and modern Alamgir, 78, 81 times, 248 Alexander, an epileptic, 63 First War, to6 at Aornos, 49 original British policy in, I07 defeats Porus, ·sx Afghans and Durani Empire, 85 epic of, 18 and Jewish descent, 73 of Macedon, 46 and Pathans, 74 on the Jhelum, 5I heavy defeat of, 261 on the Sutlej, 51 in I857, 164 Alexander's march to India, 48 . in Kashmir, 28 Amanullah and his father's origin of name, 73 murder, 259 rise of, 84 . his feeble ending, 262 Afridi and Aparoetae, 136 seizes throne, 259 clans, 136 Amanullah's treachery to soldiers desert in World War, India, 280 137 wanton invasion, I37, 174 Tirah, 138 Amir El Kebir, 249 unrest, cause of, in 1930, 137, Amir's jests, 25I 265 Andrews, R. Chapman, 55 34I INDEX Aornos, 57 Bannu, 127 Rock of, 49 a tragedy of, 287 Arabs in India, 24 Bannuchi, 144 conquest of, 67 Barton, Captain, in the waves of, 67 K.haiber, story of, 274 Aral, sea of, 23 Basra, 67 Aravalli Mountains, 46 Bedmanai Pass, action at, 213 Arbabs, old policy of, 267 Bell, Sir Charles, in Tibet, 315 Archaeologists in Mghanistan, Belooch, 24 56 Ben-i-Israel, 72 Aryan waves set moving, 45 · Bhamo, Chinese at, 4I Aryana, 45 Bhittanis, 143 Aryans come to India, 43 Bhootan v. Bhutan, 35 Asni, a lost cantonment, x6o Bhutan, 3<h 319 Asoka, 56 war, 35 Assam border, 55, 32 I Biggs, General Yeatman, tribes of, 36 arrives Kohat, 221 Astor, 27 on Samana, 222 Auckland, Lord, meets Ranj­ saves Hangu, 222 hit Singh, 108 Black Mountain, 27, 135 policy of, 106 Blood, Sir Bindon, arrives Aurangzebe, emperor, 7S Malakand, 202 Ava, campaign, 324 Boisragon, Lieutenant, I 78 Avitabile, General, 121, 266 gains v.c., 179 Aylmer, Captain, at Nilt, I79 Bolitho, William, and the Jews, 73 .
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