Second Oration of Cicero Against Catiline

Home , Catiline

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SECON D OR A TION

CICERO AGAINST CATILINE .

T OTES A N D COMPL ETE VOCA BUL A NO ICES, N R Y.

H N H E N D E R S O M A O . J N, .

H EAD M ETER OOL L EGIA TE IN STITUTE ST. A TH A RIN , , C ES.

T O R O N T O 2) E OOPP CL A R K COMPA Y L IMITED TH , N , , E WEST 9 FR ON T STR ET . 18 8 9 Ent r d ac cordi n to A ct of th e Parli amen t of an ada i n th a e e g C , e ye r one n i ndred and i h t -ni TH L thou sa d e ght hu e g y n e, by E COPP, C A R K COMPA N L IMITE Toronto Onta ri o i n th e Ofﬁ ce of th e Mi n iste Y . D , , , r

of A gri cu ltu re. L IFE I R O F C CE O .

M arc u s Tu ll i u s Ci c ero th e reatest n am e B , g i rth .

i oman li terature was b orn n ear A r i nu m a to n n R , p , w ' m anu r r i L ati u a d B . I o6 H s fat er of C . . a , J y 3 , h ,

man of l ar e vi e s and lib eral c ulture b elon ed to g w , g

' th e e u ztes and ossessed an eredi tar estate i n th e , p h y ‘ g n i r od of th o n h e b ou o e t . To i v e i s sons Mar gh h w g ,

us an d ui n tus t at educati on w i c c ould n ot b c Q , h h h e

Obtained at a rovi n cial sc ool h e rem oved to om e p h , R , R emoves to o w ere th e oun Ci ceros ere laced un der the b est ’ wh y g w p gggz h da From A eli us t e learn teachers of t e y. h y ed

iloso from A rc i as th e mec ani sm of v erse - ph phy ; h , h , Ea r ly te Ch ’ h i n s i rati on f e r A tran slati o a el s though n ot t e p O p o t y . n

' of th e P /zaen ametza an d P rogn ostzes O f A ratus and a , Ear works ly . mythologi cal poem on th e fable Of P on ti us Cl e men s ’ ﬁ r frui ts of i cero s n iu O n as m w r th e st C e s . su i n e e g g A ssu mes th e f 8 Ci c ero att d i 9 ? ﬂli 5 th e to a 9, ac e m self to 9 g h h 20 8g uri st Scaevola wh o was t en i n th e zen it of hi s th e j , h h

he follo i n ear h e served a b ri fame . In t ef cam w g y Serves hi s W ar n r 1 0077“ ai n i n th e Soci al u de Cn . Pom ei as Strab o p g p , 5 231

th e fat er of Pom e th e G reat . P iloso i cal 88 h p y h ph .

h ad o ever m ore attrac ti ons for him t an s tudi es , h w , h

Under P ilo the A cademi c and D i odotus u d arms. h , , , St oes

p hi losob h ' i c h e laid th e foun dati on of t at E clec ti ci sm ‘ y th e Sto , h

i s so ob servable i n hi s i loso i cal wor s whi ch ph ph k .

h a e O f 2 h e leaded his fi rst cause an d i e A t t e g 5 p , n P l a d s hi s t ‘ ar h defend d Sextus the following ye e e R osci us of f-Z fiiiii fi é m. A meri a wh o had b een acc used O f arricide b C r , p y h y ’ fa r so onus one O f S lla s vou ites . In t i s cause h g , y h e L IF E OF CICE R O .

ac ui red th e ac ui ttal o f hi s cli en t b ut i ncu rred th e q q ,

enmi t O f th e di ctat r i t th os nsible ob ec y o . W h e te j t

Of re ai ni n hi s ealt h e en t to A th ens ere h e g g h h w , wh

studi ed iloso under A n ti oc us th e A cademi c ph phy h , ,

and und er Z en o and h b E i u r ans P aedrus ot c e . , h p From A thens h e travelled th rough A sia Mi nor and

ﬁ nally settled for a s o rt tim e a t odes attendi n h Rh , g

“ t ere th l e ectu res f M l h ri n R etu rn. O o o t e rh eto ca . h ,

i n ome h e at on ce en tered on t at oli tical c areer g h , h p

to i c hi s com mandi n abili t desti ned hi m and wh h g y ,

was elected a mes/or o f Si cil D u rin h i s term o f g y . g O fﬁce h e so en deared hi mself to th e i n habi tan ts o f th e island by h is i n tegrity that they selected hi m as their

a r n r alf bs u n l p t on at R o me . I th ei b eh h e su eq e t y

conducted th e rosecuti on a ai nst Verres wh o was p g ,

c ar ed it ex torti on H i s su c cess i n t i s cause h g w h . h ,

and h is conse uen t o ulari t rocured h im th e q p p y , p fﬁ ’ ' O ce O f cu ra te aea zZe. A fter th e usual i n terval h e

was c osen m etor and i le oldi n t i s Ofﬁce h p , , wh h g h ,

deli vered th e ﬁ rs t of h i s oli ti cal aran ues i n de p h g ,

f n f h b i ll r Manili us to i nves e ce O t e p oposed by C . t Pomp ey wi th s up reme comman d i n t h e Mi th radatic

W ar Two ears a fter ards h e ai n ed the con sul . y w g

’ b z l i m i H i s onsu la i s th e oa o f h s a b ti on . c te s p , g m emorable fo r th e b old attempt of Catili ne to sub — ' vert th e govern m en t an attempt which was frus

b a r i c z al f h n ul C icero ha trated y th e p t i ot e o t e co s . d qui ck ly soared to th e pi nn acle O f fame : as quic kly

id h fall In crus i n th e cons i rac of Catili n d e . h g p y e

uesti on able means h ad b een em lo ed . Clodius q p y , hi s i m lacable en em revi ved a law ex ili n all who p y, g h ad b ee n gui lty of putti ng to death Roman c itizen s

fo rmal rial b f r h e o l Th without a t e o e t pe p e. e

Tri u mvi rs too ere dis usted wi t th e van it of th e , , w g h y m an wh o w as con stantly remi ndi ng th e p eoti le th at “ h e was th e Sa vi o u r o f I taly and th e Fath er of L IFE OF CICE R O .

d hi s fri ends and ex osed H i untr . Deserte b s Co y y , p to th e atred of hi s foes Ci cero en t to T essalon i ca h , w h i n to voluntar exile The wanton destruc ti on of h is Goes i n to y . L ' ’ villas and th e in sults offered to h i s wi fe and children EEZ C so n owever roduced a feeli n of s m at for o , h , p g y p hy

h x iled rat r H i s return to om e was attended Reca l t e e o o . R l ,

5 7 U' C' wi th all the pomp an d c i rcum stance of a tri umphant

‘ n ral en cefort hi s voi ce w as li ttle eard i n the ge e . H h h

” Senate A fter hi s retu rn h e was a oin ted to a seat E ected . pp l i n ll e e u u r In Ob tai ni n t i s ofﬁce h e th e Co g of A g s . g h gm; h ad plac ed himself under Obligati on s to b oth Pompey

“ and aesar an d t i s m a acc ou nt for his n eutrali t C , h y y i n i vil tru l of h tim H e was subse th e c s gg es t e e.

uentl a oi nted muc a ai n st hi s will roconsul P roctm su l q y pp , h g , p . 52 of Ci li c i a ere hi s admi n i strati on was mar ed b , wh k y th e same i n te ri t as h e h ad dis la ed i n Si c il g y p y y . Ci cero arri ved i n I taly from Cilici a on th e 4th of

anuar B . C . ust a lter th e b rea i n out of th J y, 49 , j k g e ci vil war b etween Pom e and Caesar A ft r p y . e some

esitation h e d ecided to ta e the art of Pom e Sides wi th h k p p y, m pey' b ut hi s support was n ever cordi al it was a source om w a n s rat er t an of str n n h e k e s h h e gth . Whe t e battle of P arsali a decided th e fate of th e Roman orld h e Pha rsa i a h w , l ,

B ' C' 48 ° returned to B rundisi um to await th e arrival of th e vi ctorious Caesar who enerousl extend , g y ed a full an d fran ardon to th e vacillati n r i P ar don “ k p g o ator. C cero y cam " from thi s time withdrew from acti ve public life and devoted imself to iloso exce duri n h ph phy , pt g th e

eri od i mmedi atel recedin his deat Th e l p y p g h . oss of hi s dau ter Tulli a the divorce O f hi s wife Teren i gh , t a, and th e u n happy marri age wi th Pu blili a darken ed

h loom ic settled on hi s de li t e c ni n ears . H i s G g wh h g y loom . high exultati on on th e assassi nati on of Caesar was of on l m om entar durati on and was succ eeded b y y , y dark ’ foreb odi n s O f Marc A n t on s desi n A g h y g s. s soon as th e ans o f th e sc emi n t i um vi r were ev iden t pl h g r , 4 L IFE OF CICER O .

’ Ci cero attack ed A n tony s character W ith all his

i n v i v A ai n h e was th e id01 f powers of ec t e. g o

h eo le and th e c am i on o f senatorial ri ts t e p p h p gh , b ut his populari ty was only the last gasp of th e

Th n r d i n lib erties of ome . e seco d t iumvirate o y g R A n t n y, c vi a nu s t was formed and eac m emb er of i t sacri ﬁced hi s ' ’ , h an d L ep tdus f orm the fri ends to glut th e vengean ce of hi s colleagues ; and

a ease th e b ru tal A nton Ci cero was sacri ﬁced to pp y, gamm a , efu si n to s ee r fu i n il h ctavi anus. e e ex e e by O R g k g , i n th land h h ad sav d n d etermi ned to di e e e e , a d was

slai n at Cai eta by th e emi ssaries of the bloodthirsty

tri umvi r.

The or s of Ci rcero are Works. w k

' ( I ) Ora/ion s O f th e eighty speech es oo mposed by

i r n i r r i r ﬁf -n n we ossess e t e e t e o n a t t i e. him p , h p , y

' /zzca works ( 2) P/zi/osop l .

' Corre s on den ce Com ri si n Mi rl -szx b oo s ( 3) p p g y k ,

of i c are addressed to A t e s tb ree to h is six /em wh h h n ,

r ui ntus on e to B rutus and si xtee n to his b roth e Q , ,

di fferent fri ends.

ms : Con sisti n of th e eroi c oems A l (4) Poe g h p ,

c ofzes Marcus E le o Ta me/a stis and Tram /a y , , gy f , r s ti on s of H omer and A atu .

F OF CA T L E L I E I IN .

r i u s C ati l i n a was a R oman atri cian L . Se g p ,

r rn ab out r08 B . C . F rom h is fat er he i n erited Bi th. b o h h

n obl name In th e turbulent scenes n othin g b ut a e .

ullan rule Catili ne la ed a con s icuous of th e S , p y p

t o w i c hi s u ndoub ted abilit h i s undaunted p art, h h y ,

ra e his i ron c onstitu tion h i s de raved m orals c ou g , , p ,

l ri l ﬁ him H e and excessi ve c rue ty noto ous y tted . L IF E OF CA TIL IN E. 5

mm en c ed hi s career b sla i n wi t his ow n and - co y y g, h h , H is cri m es

Caecili us hi s own b rot er-i h -law and b tortu rin Q . , h , y g

d at M Mari u s G ratidi anus a insman of Ci cero to e . . h , k

ou hi s ou t w as s en t i n o en deb auc er and Th gh y h p p h y , rec less extrava ance t ou h e m ade aw a i t k g , h gh y w h his ﬁ rst wife and his son to m arry th e worthless an d

roﬂi ate A u reli a O restilla th e uilt crim es of p g , g y Catili n e do not seem to have b een an y b arri er to hi s

an m n to oli ti cal on rs H e ob tai n ed th adv ce e t p h o . e

r i B C 6 8 an d i n the followi n ear w O ces e d. raeto s . . as ﬁ p h p , g y f h l

r f fri H r rn d to ome B 6 6 ro raeto o ca. e etu e . p p A R C .

r h l Th e tw o c n l to press his sui t fo t e consu ship . o su s

h ad h i s v t s w er P A utron ius Paetus wh o t e h gh e t o e e .

li us ulla b f m w r n v i and P . C orne S ot o o e e co c ted , h wh o f b rib er and t ei r election was declared v oid y, h .

“ T i r lac es were ﬁlled b L A ur li u a e . e s Cott an d L h p y .

i T r u u atili n e w as r v n f Manl us o q at s . C p e e ted rom b ei n a c andidate i n c on se u en ce of an i m eac m ent g q _ p h b rough t agai n st him for m al -admi n i strati on of his

r P Clodi us Pulc er afte ar rovi nce o f A f ic a b . r ds p y h , w

m i ro A u tron i u n th e i mplacable en e y of C ce . s a d

Catili ne ex as erated b t ei r di sa oi n tmen t formed , p y h pp ,

u Cal um i us Pi so to mu r r h a l eagu e wi th C . p de t e con suls on th e ﬁ rst of an uar to sei ze th e asces Fi rst J y, f , 0 ' ConS i m c p y’ i Th e lan lea ed ou t and w and to occu S a n . as py p p k ,

ll h ﬁ f f Feb rua Th m st on ed ti t e t o r . e sc e e po p h y h ,

ow ev er failed i n conse uen ce of Catili n e i vi n th h , q g g e

n esoluti on s were assed b th signal too soo . R p y e

n ate condem n i n th e con s i rac bu t t ese were Se g p y , h

b th e i ntercessi on of a trib u n e Some sa qu as hed y . y that b oth Caesar an d Crassus were i nvolved i n this

i ra f atili n A b u i im i rst C ons c o C e. o t t s t e F p y h , Cati li ne was acqu itted of ex tortion ( res

ria r nd red hi m en niless A b ou t th e b ut th e t l e e p .

n 6 B C h e b e an to lot m or b i n n in o f u e . e eg g J , 4 g p systemati call y to carry o u t hi s plan s for a gen eral L IFE OF CA TIL IN E .

revolution -A meetin was called for all . g t hose

i nterested i n th e cons i rac . To t is conventi on p y h ,

‘ eleven senators four ni ts and m an of th n , k gh , y e oted men from the provi n ci al town s assembled to h ear th e b old desi n s f th cons i ra r a ili n r g o e p to . C t e p oposed t at all debts s ould b e can celled n or/( w taoulae h h ( ), t at th e ealt c iti zens s ould b e roscri bed t at h w hy h p , h ofﬁces of honor and emolum en t should b e divided

amon hi s fri ends and t at th e leaders of he g , h t con

s i rac s ould raise armi es i n S ai n and i n Mauretan i a p y h p .

A ai n h e was a candidate for th e consuls i and g h p ,

i n h was doomed to di sa ointmen t Cicero and aga e pp .

A n nius ere c osen th e latter owever b onl to w h , , h , y y

ri over Catili ne T i s defeat embittered a few centu es . h

n mo i t b et een th e wo arties Th e con th e a i s y w t p . spi rator rai sed l arge su ms of mon ey on his own

securi t and on th e credi t of h is fri ends sent arms to y ,

ri u arts of tal levied troo s i n Etruria and va o s p I y, p , sen t Manlius a veteran of Sulla to tak e command of

r Th e slav r th e n ewly raised fo ces. es we e to b e

armed th e b uildi n s of the cit set on ﬁ re th e , g y ,

i ndi scrimi natel massacred and a r i n f ci ti zens y , e g o

r r and bloods ed was to b e i nau u rated In ter o h g .

h midst of all t ese sc emes Catili n e stood t e . h h , agai n for the consulship (63 and was thwarted

h ariness and exerti ons of Cicero wh o c ec by t e w , h k

‘ m a ev r urn O n f h mated his sche es t e y t . e o t e con man was . Curins a ea and va il spi rators Q , w k c

l i n T is man had a mistress Fulv ia who was at g. h , , ll hi s se r A larm d th e repository of a c ets. e at the

desi ns of the cons irators she im arted audaci ous g p , p

ts to som e of h er ac uaintances and t rou h er secre q , h gh

h ma er was b ra d h er con ﬁdants t e tt et ye to Cicero .

urin his ersonal safet and it dra in A fter sec g p y, w h w g

A n ton i us fro m th e side o f C atilin e, th e consul defer

red th e consular elections to lay before the Senate the 7 L IFE OF CA TIL IN E.

i r A m i n f th n a ole cons ac . t a eet o e Se te wh p y g , Fi rst Speech a ai n st O ctob er z l st 6 he told th e Senators th e dan er g , 3, g t Ca i li ne. Man of t ose com li ca d that th reatened th e state . y h p te

B vi rtu f a decre u m i n th e conspi racy ﬂed . y e o t

' ultzmu m w i c formula con sules v idean t ne u id , h h ( , q

’ ' ' detrzmen tz res/i uolzca copied ) gave th e con suls absolute

i i l and militar o er Catili ne was i n dan er of c v y p w , g ilin wh was a ai n a andidat losin his life. Cat e o c e g , g

f r h c on suls i for 62 B . C . was re ected . A n o t e h p , j impeachm en t of sedi ti on was also b rought against

mili u Paulu n h 6 h v mb r him b L A e s s. O t e t o e e y . N , Catiline summon ed th e con spi rators to th e house of

L ac ca and after accu sin t em of i nac M . Porci us , g h

ti vit h e laid b efore h im hi s lan s . Cicero was to y, p

L Var n i n r v d and . u te us a se ato and . b e remo e , g , , C ‘ C rn eli us a ni t ere des atc ed to c arr out the o , k gh , w p h y

sc eme b ut ere frustrated . Ci cero called th e Senate h , w

v mb er 8th and deli vered hi s ﬁrst s eec on No e , p h

i n Catili ne wh o t ou over elmed it aga st , , h gh wh w h uilt h ad still the audacit to a ear amon the g , y pp g

senators .

A ltogether four speeches w ere deli vered against n h ﬁ nal deb at as to the s n n Catili ne . I t e e e te ce, it

' was decided to put th e apprehended cons pirators to

T is sen tence was carried out a ai nst som deat e. h . h g

ili n and most fell o ever i n th e ﬁ eld at Pi st ri Cat e , h w , o a (6 2 ﬁghting with a valour worthy of a b etter

cause. H R ON OL OG C Y.

C H R ON OL OGY OF TH E CO N SPIR A CY OF A T L E C I IN .

DA TE. CO SU S. L I E OF CA TI I E. L I E OF Cl CER O N L F L N F .

L Caeci li us Mete us Cati i n e raetor . ll l p Marc u x P. s R e

Calpurni us Pi so Catili n e prop raetor of M A ci i u s G ab ri o A fri ca . l l

L Volcati u s Tullu s Catili n e c an vasses for A emi li u s L e id u s th e c on su s i i s M. p l h p accu sed of ex torti on

b y P . Clodi u s. Cati li n e d efeated i n s u i n g for consulship forms a leagu e wi th

A utron i u s an d Pi so. n s i rac Fi rst c o p y.

nl u u a us Catili ne determi n es to L . Ma i s Torq t L A u re i us Cotta s a th e n ew con . l l y sul s on th e k al en ds Of Jan u ary plan di scovered an d de ferred to Feb ruary Catili n e gi ves sign al too soon an d h i s a u trated pl ns fr s .

L Ju iu s Caesar On th e k a ends of . l l Marcu us Jun e Cati i n e con 0. s Figul , l ven es h i s associ ates for a second con s i r a c E e v e n p y. l s e n a t o rs f o u r s an d man k night , y di sti ngui sh ed men mb e Cati i ne asse l . l agai n d efeated for i c onsulsh p .

M Tu i us Ci cero Catili n e accused b Ci c ero c o n v e n e s . ll y mu rder Sen a e Oct 0 ton i u s H b rids. L u cu us of . t , . 2 C. An y ll Catili n e agai n can lays pl ans Of con did ate for c on sul Spi rators b e t o r e d d f a d Sen ate e ecti ons ship an e e te . l n for co suls , whi ch should tak e plac e t d e Oct . 2l s , ferred . CH R ON OLOGY.

C H R ON OL OGY, &C .

I TE CO SU S. L E OF CA TI I E. L I E OF CI ERO. DA . N L F L N F C

2 d Cati i n e ao ct 215 1: L etters Oct. 3r : l O . c used u nd er L ea: b rought by Cras P u ti d e i b L n t reaten i n la a v y sus, h g i u Pa u dan er to th e c s ul s. g State th e Senate ct 27th : Man i us conven ed i n th e O . l tak es u p arms i n temple of Con h e Sen ate i a. c rd T Etrur o . p asses decretu m

ct 28th : Da a u t i m u m . O n O . y p l d b a i i n ct L L i ci oi nte t d . p y C l e 22n O . for th e m u rd er Of n i us Mu rena and

th e eadi n sen ators. D Ju n iu s Si an us l g . l

Cat . I. e ected con su ls. ( , l

V 1 n N O . Cati i ne e ov 8 : Ci cero i n l N . ( 1e a v o r s t o t a k e vok es th e Sen ate Praeneste by a n ight i n th e temple Of attack tat r . Juppiter S o . Fi rst Cati i nari an ' l v th d N o . 6 : Catili ne as orati on deli vere . semb les h i s fri ends a ou s L t h e of acca.

v th Var u N o . 7 g n tei u s an d Corn eli us attempt to assassi t C na e i cero.

N ov. sth Catil i ne v lea es R ome. Th e secon d Cati li ‘ n aman orati on d eli vered f r o m th e rostra to th e

eo e N ov. 9th p pl , . v 20th A d r N o . ec ee p assed d e c l a r i n g Cati li n e and Manli u s u b i c en emi es p l .

2 d Th a b Dec . n : e m a i r s Dec . 3rd : Th e th d sadore Of th e A 110 Cati li n ari an ora b roges are sei zed ti on d e l i v e r e d wi t h d o c u m e n t s from th e rostra to in c rov ons i rac th e eo e. R e p g p y. p pl ward s Oﬁ ered to all wh o would gi ve in formation as to th e conspi CH R ON OL OGY &C . Con fi rm ed , ) .

’ ‘ DATE. CO SULS . L I E OF CA l IL l N E. L I E OF CICER O N F F .

Dec . 5th : Fou rth Catili narian ora ti on deli vered i n th e temple of 0n c C O rd . Th 9 S e n a t e decrees th at th e death p enalty should b e i nﬂi cted on th e cons i ra v p tors . Fi e con spi rators p ut to d eat h .

D Jun i u s Si an us Jan 5th Batt e of Ma n S e n a t o rs . l l y ’ Li ci ni us Mu ren a F u toma : d efeat and 1 tri ed under h L . t e a a i i n law L e de t h of C t l e. a: P lau ti a de m: and exiled.

E SECOND OR A TI ON A GA IN ST CA TIL IN .

A N A L YSIS.

Ci cero in th e i ntroducti on of t is ora I. (§ I , h

n con ratulat es the Roman eo le t at Catili ne ti o , g p p h i and conse uen tl can do it no more has left the c ty, q y

inj ury.

H e vi ndicates imself from a double I I . h

e The lo al citizens ban i f i ves com lai ned charg . y ( ) p ' ﬂ ri n Catili ne to that th e Consul h ad been remiss in su e g

un unis ed ile the friends of Catiline com escape p h , wh l it b the plai ned that h e h ad been too severely dea t w h y

Consul .

laint Ci cero re li ed b settin To th e ﬁrst comp , p y g

his course of acti on vi z. t at forth th e grounds for , , h b en full di scovered t at the conspi racy h ad not yet e y , h dered him th e execution of Catiline w ould have ren A N A L YSIS OF OR A TION l l

odi ous an d ould h ave revented the uni s ment , w p p h of the ot er con s i rators and i n ﬁn e t at th e absent h p , , , h enemy wi th hi s army i s less to be feared than hi s ad h r nts who ave b een left b e in d i n m e e h h Ro e.

Th e sec ond reproach h e m eets by explain ing the acti on whi ch th e Senate had tak en i n regard to th e con spi racy and by showi ng from several circumstances that

Catilin e h ad reviousl determi ned to o not to Man p y g , ,

hi arm i n ru ri n f li us b ut to s Et a . I t us de endi n , y h g himself agai n st th e cen sure O f th e di saffec ted h e gi v es

I A classiﬁ cati on Of the cons i rators II I . (§ 7 p and of th e omans who fav ored th e cons irac an d R p y,

em i n to si x classes from w om o ev er divides th , h , h w ,

h tate h ad n ot mu c to fear es eci all si nce th e b est t e S h , p y

av b e n ta n for i uri a w lf r m easures h e e k e ts sec ty nd e a e. — V 26 E nd . The con s i rators who remain i n I . ) p

it h e arns to leave ome it out dela or at th e c y , w R w h y, least to ee u iet since th e disturbers of the ubli c , k p q , p

ll b m s severel un i s ed H e closes hi securi ty wi e o t y p h . s a ress to th e lo al ci tizens i n i c h e assures t em dd y , wh h h ,

at i t out resort to arms on t ei r art th e ci vil war th , w h h p ,

nded and at th e same time calls u on t em will b e e , , , p h

h d for th er rvati n f h a to supplicate t e go s e p se o O t e st te .

M L II R N I IN CA TIL IN A M . TU L CICE O S

O R A TIO SECUN D A

H A B ITA A D P O P U L U M .

l Catilin am furen tem I Tan dem ali uan do ui rites L . I . . q , Q ,

audacia scelus an h elan tem este m atriae n efari e m Olien , , p p

’ tern v ob i s at u e h ui c U rbi ferro ﬂamma ue m in itan tem , q q

ex Urb e v el e ec im u s v el emi sim us v el i sum e redien tem j , , p g i r i A biit ex c essit evas t e u t . v rb i s rose nti sum u s . e p c , , , p N ulla j amp ern i ci es a m on stro illO atqu e p rodigi o m oen i

A t u e h u n c uidem b u s ipsis i n tra m oen ia c omparab itur. q q unum h uj us b elli dom esti c i ducem sin e c on trov ersi a v i c i mu N on en im am i n er latera n ostra si ca illa v ersab i s . j t tur : n on i n cam o n on i n foro n on i n curi a n on den i ue p , , , q

ille m i ntra domesticos p ari etes perh orresc em u s . L O CO o tus u m es x r e de ulsus Palam am cum e st u t e U b . , q p j

in e oste n ullo im edi en te b ellum eremu s . S dub i o h , p , g

erdi dim us h omi nem m a n iﬁ c e ue vic im us u um illum p , g q , q ex oc culti s i n sidii s i n a ertum latroc in i um c on e c i p j m us .

2. uod vero n on cruen tum m u cron em ut v o ui t ex tulit Q , l , ,

uod v iv i s n ob i s e ressus e st u od c i ferrum e m an ib u q g , q s

' extorsimu s uod i n colum es c ives uod stan tem Urb em , q , q reliqui t ; quan to tan dem illum m ze rore afﬂi ctum e sse et

roﬁ i atum utati s ? ac et ille n un c rostrat us ue p g p J p q , et

' se ercul su m at u e ab e ctum sse sen ti t et . reto u p q j e , rq et

Oculos rofecto sae e ad h an c urb em uam e sui s f p p , q an ci b u s e re tam es se lu et : uae uidem lestari m i i v idetur p g q q h ,

uod tan tam estcm evom uerit foras u e ro ecerit q p q p j . 14 M . TUL L II OI caON Is.

II . 3 . A c si uis est tali s uai ; esse omnes O ortebat q , q p , ui in h oc i so in uo exsultat tri um h at ora i o m q p , q p t ea, me v eh emen ter accuset uod am i a , q cap t lem b ostem n on com reh enderim oti us r p p , q m emi serim ; non est

' i sta mea cul a s ed tem orurr. In terfec u p , p t m esse L . Catilin am et grav i ssim o suppli o affectum j am pridem O orteb at id u e a me et m os a orum et h u us i r p , q j j mpe ii severitas e r s u t e p blica postulab at . Sed quam m ultos fui sse

utati s ui ua e o deferrem ? p , q , q g n on crederent quam multos ui eti am defen deren t r si sublato illo de elli , q , p a v b i mn e eri ulum i r o s o c ud care . am rid m p j j p e ego L . Ca tili nam n on m odo in vidia m ea v um etiam v it ri ul , a pe c o

m v . Sed cu idere sustuli ssem. 4 n n e vobi s quidem omni bus re eti am tum rob ata s i illum ut erat m eritus morte p , , multassem fore ut e us soci os in d i a O ressus erse ui , , j pp p q n on ossem rem h uc dedux i ut ti n l m u n re s p , , p a a p g a po seti s uum h ostem a ert e v ider zs : uem uidem e o , q p q q g b ostem uiri tes uam veh emen t ' fori s esse tim en dum , Q , q

utem lic et in e i n telle atis uod lud eti am m oleste fero p , h g , q m mi u n m ill quod ex Urbe p aru c o tat exi erit . Uti a e om n es secum suas c opi as edux set ? Ton gilium mihi eduxit uem amare i n ra texta re erat : Publi ci um et , q p p

Mun atium uod a s alien um con ac tum i n o in a nul , q , p p .

vir s lum reipubli ca m O t u m afferre p ote. t reliquit quos o ! quanto a re ali en o ! quam valentes quam n obiles ! I I I . 5. Itaqu e ego illum ex ercitum pra Gal zan is legi on ibus et hoc Me ellus h abuit delectu u em i n a ro Piceno et Gaico . t , q g Q et h i s co ii s ua a n ob is cotidi c om aran tur ma no p , q p , g

r n tem no ollectum ex s rib us des eratis ex O p e e co , c p , a r s i luxuri a ex rusti cis decoctobus ex ii s ui vadi g e t , , , q m onia deserere quam illum ex erc itrn malueru n t : quibus e o n on modo si aci em exercitus ostri verum etiam si g , ‘ TIL IN A X . OR A TIO SBUN D A IN L . CA

' H uos video ton s osmdero con cident. os edictum pra , , q f ro uo stare ad curi am uos etiam in sen volitare in o , q , q

um veni re ui n i znt un uen tis ui ful en t u r ura at , q g , q g p p mallem secum suos i ilites ed ux isset : qui si h ic pe rman

ent memen tote n on am exerc itum illum esse n obis uam , , , q h os ui exercitum eseruerunt ertimescen dos . A t ue , q , p q im di m a i s uod uid co ite nt me h oc etiam sun t t c g , q , q g , 6 Vid re u tsm en ermoventur. . eo cui scire sentiunt. q p ,

i A uli at rib u a uis abes t Etruri am uis a rum Pi s t p a t t . h , q g cenum ui s GallicuI uis sibi h as urban as in sidias ab dis , q , q atque incen diorum opoposcerit . O mn ia superi ori s noctis consilia ad me delta esse sen tiunt : patefec i in se na tu h estern o die : Catiha i se ertimuit rofu i t : h i uid p p , p g q exs ectant ? N e ii veh ementer errant si illam meam p , l am pri stinarn enitatem erpetu speran t futuram .

IV. uod exs ecrvi am sum adsecutus ut vos o Q p , j , mnes factam esse ap erte conj urationem con tra rem p ublicam videretis n i si vero i ui s est ui Cati lina simil q , q es cum Ca n ir n tilina se t e n o putet. N o est j am len ita ti loc us : severi atem r i s ﬂ i ~ t es p ag tat . Unum etiam nun c conce dam : exeant roﬁ scan tur ne atian tu , p , p r desiderio sui Catilinam miseru m i bescere. D emonstrabo iter A urelia via rofectus est : sr ccelerare volen t ad ves p , pe ram couse u entur. . O fortnatam rem ublicam q 7 p , si quidem ha nc sentinam h u u j s urls ej eceri t ! Un o meh ercule Catili n a exh au to l v s , re e ata nihi et recrea ta res ubli ca vid p etur.

uid enim mali aut ecl eri s ﬁ n i aut co itari otes Q g g p t , quod non ille c o nceper ? uis tota tal ia ven eﬁcus u Q I , q is ladiator ui s lat) uis g , q , q sicari us quis p arricida u , , q is testamentorum sub etor ui i j , s c rcumscri tor uis aneo q p , q g , uis n e os uis ad , tter ua m uli er infamis uis co q p q , q , q rrup tor uventutis ui s orru tus i j , q p , qu s erditus mveniri otes p p t, 14 M TUL L II I EB N I . C C O S.

. . A c si uis est tali s uales esse omn es O or eb at I I 3 q , q p t ,

ui in h oc i so in uo exsultat et trium h a ra o m a q p , q p t o ti e , me v eh ementer accuset uod tam a italem b s em , q c p o t n on com reh en derim otins ua mi s i n s p p , q m e er m on e t

’ i sta m ~ l a m . ea cu sed te orum In rf c um L . p , p te e t esse

‘ Catilin am et gravi ssimo supplic io afi ectum j am pridem O orteb at id ue a m e et m os ma rum et h u us im erii p , q j o j p severitas e res ublica o ulab a Sed uamm ult s fui sse t p p st t . q o

utati s ui ua e o deferrem n on rederent ? uam p , q , q g , c q multos ui etiam defen deren t ? A c si sublato illO de elli , q , p m m a vob i s o ne ericulu udi carem am ridem e o L . Ca p j , j p g tilin am n on m odo in vidia m ea verum etiam vita eri culo , p

m . ed um v ider m i s d m m i sus uli sse . S c e n e vob ui e o n t 4 , q bus iam tum rob ata si illum ut era m eri us morte re et p , , t t , m ultassem fore u t e us Socl OS Invi di a O ressus erse ui , , j pp p q n on ossem rem h uc deduxi ut turn alam u n are os p , , p p g p seti s uum h ostem a rte videretis : uem uidem e o , q pe q q g h ostem ui rites uam veh em enter fori s esse tim en dum , Q , q u tem li cet h in c in telle atis uod illud etiam moleste fero p , g , q rum c mi u x i r U in am ille quod ex Urbe p a o tat s e e it . t omn es s ecum suas copi as edux isset Tongilium mih i eduxit uem amare in ra texta ca erat : Publi ci um et , q p p Mun atium uod a s alien um con tractum i n o in a n ul , q , p p . ' lum reipubli ca motum aﬁ erre poterat reliquit quos viros ! i u m v l n re al eno a a entes uam n o iles . qua to a ! q ! q b ! I I I . 5 Itaque ego illum exercitum pra Gallican i s legionibus et h oc n i n lli Metellus h abuit delectu uem i a ro P ce o et Ga co . , q g Q e h i s CO ii s ua a n obi s cotidie com arantur m a no t p , q p , g

r contem n o collectum ex senib us des erati s ex O pe e , p , a i luxuria ex rusti ci s decoctoribus ex ii s ui vadi grest , , , q monia deserere quam illum exercitum maluerun t : quibus

o non modo si aciem exercitus n ostri verum etiam si eg , A I5 OR A TIO SECUN D A l N L . CA TIL IN M.

i edictum ra toris ostendero con cident . H os uos v deo p , , q volitare i n foro uos stare ad curiam uos etiam i n sen , q , q

atum v en ire ui n iten t u n uen tis ui ful en t ur ura , q g , q g p p mallem secum suos milites eduxi sset : qui s i h i c p erman en t m emen tote n on tam ex ercitum illum esse n obis uam , , , q

h os ui exercitum deseruerun t ertim escen dos . A t ue , q , p q h oc etiam sun t timen di m a is uod uid c o itent m e g , q , q g , , s r i n m rm v 6 Video cu ci e sen t un t e ue ta en e o en tur. . i , q p , sit A ulia attrib uta ui s h ab eat E truriam ui s a r um Pi p , q , q g c enum ui s Gallicum ui s sibi h as urb an as in sidias ca dis , q , q

i eri ri atque i ncendiorum depoposcerit. Omn a sup o s n octi s c on silia ad me delata esse sentiun t : patefeci in sematu h estern o die : Catilina i se ertimuit rofu it : h i uid p p , p g q exs ectant ? N e illi veh emen ter erran t si illam m eam p ,

le m e uam s eran fu uram pristinam nitate p erp t p t t .

x m sum s us v os om IV. uod e s ectavi a ad ecut ut nes Q p , j , factam esse ap erte c onj urati on em c on tra rem p ublicam vid re i s : n i si vero si ui s est ui Cati lin a similes cum e t q , q

‘ n m n a l Catilina sentire n on p utet . N o est j a le it ti ocus :

m a i m iam severitate res i p s ﬂag tat . Un u et nun c c once d : exeant roﬁciscan tur n e ati an tur desi er am , p , p d io sui

Catilinam mi seram tabescere. D emon strab o iter A urelia via rof ctus est : si accelerare volen t ad ves eram p e , p conse am rem ubli si i uentur . O fortunat cam u d q . 7 p , q em h an c sentinam h uj us urbis ej ecerit ! Un O meh ercule Catilin a exh austo relev ata mih i et recreata res ubli ca vide ur , p t . uid enim mali aut secleri s ﬁ n i aut co itari otest Q g g p , quod non ille conce erit ? ui s tota talia ven eﬁ cus p Q I , quis

ladiator u is latro uis si carius uis arri cida u g , q , q , q p , q i s testamentorum sub ector ui s ci rcumscri tor uis an o j , q p , q g e ,

ui s n e os uis adulter ua muli er infami s uis q p , q , q , q corrup tor uven tutis uis corru tus ui s erditus inveni ri otest j , q p , q p p , 16 T L L M. U II I E C C R ON IS.

qui se cum Catilin a n on familiari ssim e v ixi sse fateatur ? Qua ca des per h osce an uos sin e illO facta est ? quod n efari

urn stu rum n on er illum ? 8 am v ero ua anta un u m p p . J q t q a

‘ in ullo om in e uven tuti s illeceb ra fuit uanta i n illO ? h j , q

u i ali os am ab at i se tur i ssim e ali orum am ori ﬂa iti ossi q p p , g sim e serv ieb at alii s fructum lib idin um alii s mortem a , p

reutum n on m odo im ellen do v erum eti am ad uvan do o p , j p

lli b atur u v m su ito n on solum r ce . n c ero ua b ex U b e ve N q , ,

rum eti am ex a ri s in en tem n umerum erditorum h Omi g , g p n um colle erat ! em o n on m odo R oma sed n e ullo ui g N , q

dem in an ulo toti us tali a O ressu s a re alien o fuit uem g I pp , q

n n ad h o i n r di il leri f u d i ri . A t o c c e b e sce s oed s a sc ve t V. 9 . qu e ut ej us diversa studia i n di ssimili rati on e perspi cere possiti s ; n em O est in ludo gladi atori o p aullo ad fac in us au

daci or ui se n on i n tim um Catilin a n em O in scen a levi o , q , r

et n e uior ui se n on e usdem ro e sodalem fui sse com q , q j p p

A t u idem tam en stu rorum et sc elerum m em oret . e q , p

exerci tation e adsuefac tus fri ore et fam e et s iti ac v i iliis , g g

erferen di s forti s ab i stis ra dic ab atur uum in dustria p , p , q sub sidia atque i n strum en ta vi rtutis i n libidine audac iaque

’ H u n c v ero si secuti crun t sui c om i t m r . I . e c on su e et O s, si ex Urb e exierin t desperatorum h omi n um ﬂagiti osi

re es 0 n o s b eatos O rem ubli cam fortun atam O ra g g , , p , p claram laudem con sulatus m ei N on en im j am sun t

m e dio res h omi n um libidin es n on um ana ac tolera nd c , h a

a udac ia n i il co itant n i si c a des n i si i n cen dia n isi h g , , , rapin as : patrim on i a sua profuderun t ; fo rtun as sua s Obli

averun t res eos am ridem ﬁdes n u er deﬁc ere c oe it g , j p , p p ;

m a m ill ua erat i n ab u n dan ti a libido m an e eade t en a t. , q , Q uod s i i n vin o et alea c om i ssati on es solum et scorta

ua rere n t es sent illi uidem des e i an di sed tamen es sent q , q p , f en i H oc verO ui s ferre ossit inertes h omines for er d . q p , 1 A M. 7 OR A TIO SECUN D A IN L . C A TIL IN

tissimi s viri idi t ul i im s rudentissimi s eb riosos s ins a i , st t ss o p ,

sob rii s dormi e i ilan ib u i i i accub an tes in , ent s v g t us ? q m h

convivii s com lex i m ulieres im udic as v in o lan uidi c on , p p , g , u u ' ferti cib o sérfis redimiti un uen ti s Obliti deb ilitati stu ris , , g , p , eructan t serm on ib us suis ea dem b on orum atque Urbi s i n

c en di a um ali u od a . I I uibus e o conﬁdo im en dere f t . Q g p q ,

et oen ain amdiu im rob itati n e uitia sceleri libidin i p j p , q , , d ebitam aut in stare j am p lan e aut c erte a pp ropin qu are.

uos si meus con ula us uon i am san are n on otest Q s t , q p ,

sustulerit n on breve n escio uod tem us sed m ulta sa c ula , q p ,

ro a arit r i ubli ulla est en im natio u am erti p p g e p ca . N , q p mescamus nullus rex u i b ellum o ulo R om ano facere , , q p p possit ; omn i a sun t extern a un i u s v irtute terra m arique

' p acata ; dom esti cum b ellum m an et : i n tus i n sidi a sun t ° in tus inclusum p ericulum est in tus est h osti s cum lux u

ri a n obi s cum am en tia cum scelere certan dum est . uic , , H e o me b ellO ducem roﬁteor ui rites : susc i i o i n imi g p , Q p i i i oterun t u c t as h min um rum . u san ar a o perdito Q a p , q cum ue ration san a u re ecan da erun t n on atiar q e b o q a s , p ad m i r Proin de aut exean t ut pe ciem c ivitati s man e e. a ui escant aut si et i n Urb e et i n eadem m en te erman en t q , , p ,

ea. ua meréntur x s ectent. q , e p me i n VI 12. A t e iam un t ui di c n t uirites a ex . t s q a , Q , sili C uod e o si v erb o adse ui um ej ec tum esse atilin am . Q g q ' m ossem i stos i sos e i ce em ui h a c lo uun tur. o o p , p j r , q q H enim videli cet timidus aut etiam perm odestus v ocem con sa lis ferre n on potuit simul atque i re in exsilium j ussa s es i u H e m i um domi m ea a n t aru t at e iv i . ste o d e c e , p q t , p interfectus essem sen atum i n a dem ovi s Statori s v ocavi , J , r m uo c u e omn em ad p atres con scrip tos detuli . Q m

Catilin a veni sset uis curn sen ator a ellavit ? ui s salu , q pp q tavit ? uis den i ue ita as exit ut erditum civem ac non q q p p ,

R A I SE N D A N L A TIL IN A 1 O T O CU I . C M. 9

xi s im ri v lin 1 m h n i ri h u i n e t a e t. . E s i i a t ui tes u s 5 t t , Q , j

vidi a falsa at ue in i u tem es a em subi re dumm OdO a q q a p t t ,

v obi s h u us h orrib ilis b elli ac n efarii eri culum de ellatur j p p .

D icatur san e e ecta s esse a m e dummOdO eat i n ex j ,

ili um d mihi cre i i u N m u m se d te n on est t rus . u a e o , , q g

a dii s imm ortalib us O tab o ui rites i n vidia m ea levan da p , Q ,

caus a ut L Catilin am ducere ex erci tum h ostium at ue i n , . q

a rm i s volitare audiati s sed triduo tam en audieti s m ulto ,

ue ma i s illud tim eo n e m i i sit in vidi osum ali uan do q g , h q ,

uod illum emi serim ti n u m uod e rim ed q p o s q a q j ece . S

cum sin t omin es ui illum cum rofec tus sit e ectum h , q , p , j

e s dic an t ii i i n t rf r n s e dem s e ec tus esset uid dic e e t ? I 6 . , , , q uam uam i sti ui C atilin am Ma ssili am i re di ctitan t n on Q q , q ,

tam h o uerun u uam v r emo s i st rum c q t r q e en tur. N e t o tam mi seri cors ui illum on ad Man li um uam ad Mas , q n , q

sili en ses ire m alit : i lle autem si meh erc ule h oc , quod

a it n un uarn an te c o itasset tamem latroc in an g , q g , tem se

in erﬁ c i m allet uam ex sul m viv re n v r t e e . u c e o uum , q N , q ei n ih il adh u c p ra ter i ps ius v olun tatem cogitation emque acciderit n i si uod v i vi s n obi s R om a rofectus est o , q p , pte

In u s oti n s u a in exilium m uer r t e t ua amu . p , , q q

V . I m i . Sed c ur ta d u de un O oste lo uimu r I I I 7 h q ,

et de eO oste ui am fatetur se esse b ostem e ui a h , q j , t q

“ uod s em er volui m urus i n te rest n on timeo de h i s q p , , ; ,

ui di ssim ulan t ui R om a rem a n en t ui n obi scum sun t q , q , q , ni il di cimus ? uos uidem e o si ullo m odo ﬁ eri ossit h Q q g , p ,

n on tam ulc i sci studeO uam san are sibi i sos lacare q p , p

rei ublic a n e ue id uare ﬁ eri n on ossit si u r p , q q p , me a di e

v olun t i n telle o . E x on a m enim vob is ui rites ex ui , g p , Q , q b us gen erib us h omi n um ista copia comparen tur dein de

sin uli s medi cin a m c on silii at ue oration i s m ea si u m g q , q a

otero afferam U um en us es orum ui m a . 18 n t e o p , . g , q gn 20 M . TUL L II CIC ER ON IS.

in a re ali eno ma ores etiam ossession es h aben t uaru j p , q m amo re adducti di s l i n n orum m so v ullo m odo possu t. H ho i n um s p ecies est h on estissima sun t en im locupletes

volun a r Tu a t s ve o et causa im udentissima. ri s t p g , u

a diﬁcii s tu ar en to tu familia tu rebus omnib us or , g , , n atus et co i osus si s et dubites de ossession e d r p , p et a

h ere ac uirere ad ﬁdem ui en im ex s ec tas ? B llu ? , q Q d p e m Q ui d E rgo i n v astati on e omn ium tuas p ossessiones sac rosan ctas futuras p utas A n tab ulas n ovas E rrant qui i st n M o b en eﬁ io tab ula n as a Catili a exspectan t. e c ova f m c i on ari u n im i s i ro erentur veru au t a . e e e t ui p , N q , q i h b n t alia ration e ulla salvi esse ossun ossess ones a e t. p , p

uod si m a urius facere v olu issen t ne ue id uod stul i Q t , q , q t

ssim um est c ertare cum usuri s fructib us ra diorum e , p , t

' l i li ori u i vi us u mur ocupletioribus h s et me b s c b tere . Sed ' h osce h omin es mi n im e uto ertim escen dos uo a p p , q d ut

deduci de sen ten tia ossunt aut si erman eb unt m a i s p , , p , g mih i v id ntur vota facturi con tra rem ublicam uam arma e p , q

I uri at .

IX 1 A lterum en us est c orum ui uam uam re . 9 . g , q , q q p m un tur a re ali en o dominati onem tam en exs ectan rerum , p t, otiri volun t h on ores uos ui eta re ublica des eran t p , , q q p p , e urb a a on se ui se osse arb itran ur uib us h p rt t c q p t . Q oc

ra ci i endum videtur un um s cili cet et idem uod reli p p , , q

ui s omn ib us ut des eren t s e id uod con antur con se ui q , p q q

osse rimum omn ium m e i sum vi ilare adesse r p p p g , , p o videre reipublica dei nde magn os an imos esse in b on i s viri s ma h am concordiam m aximam m ultitudin em ma , g , , g n as pra terea c opias militum ; deos den ique immortales h ui c invi o o ulo clari ssimo im erio ulch errima urbi ct p p , p , p

ontra tan tam v im sceleris ra sen tes auxilium esse laturos c p .

uod si am sint id uod summo furore c u iun t ~ Q j , q p a 21 OIi A TIO SECUN D A IN L . CA TIL IN A M.

de i n um illi i n c i n ere U rb i s et in san uin e ci vi um pt , g ,

u men t sc elerata ac n efaria c on cu i eru n t se c on sules q a e p , ? aut di ctatores aut etiam reges sperant futuros N on

den id se cu ere uod si ade ti sin t fu iti vo aut vi t p , q p , g

? 20 Terti um en us est gladi atori c on c edi sit n ec esse . g am ffectum sed tam em exercitati on e robu stum a tate j a , , i uo ex en ere est I se Man li u s cui n un c C atilin a succed t . q g p ,

‘ sun t h om in es ex ii s colon ii s ua s Sulla c on stitui t : uas , q q ego un iv ersas c i v i um esse Optim orum et forti ssim orum v i ro rum sen ti o sed tam en ii sun t c olon i u i se in in s erati s , , q p ac repentin i s pecun ii s sumptuosi us i n s olen tiusque j acta

H i dum a diﬁ can t tam uam b eati dum ra dii s run t . q , p , lecti ci s familii s m a h i s con viv ii s a arati s delectan tur i n , g , pp , tan tum a s ali en um in ci derun t ut si salv i esse v eli nt ulla , , S sit ii s ab i n feri s ex citan du s ui eti am n on n ullos a restes q g , h omin es ten ues at ue e en tes in eamdem illam s em q g , p r n a r v r m l n i i a i um ete um i u eru t . uos e o u r te p p Q g , Q s , in eodem en ere ra datorum di re torum ue on O sed eos g p p q p , h oc m on eo desin an t furere et proscripti on es ac di ctaturas

T n u s im ll rum m m c ogitare. a t en i o te p oru d olor i nustus

e st civitati ut am i sta n on m odo h omin es sed n e ecude , j , p s

u i m i i a sura es e vide n ur q de m h p s s a t .

2 r um n m m x X . 1 ua t e us est sane vari u e i u . Q g t t m et turbulen tum : ui am ri em rem un tur ui n um uam q j p d p , q q em er un t u i artim i n ertia al tim m ale eren do n e otio g , q p , p g g ,

artim etiam sum tib us In v etere a re ali en o v acillan t ui p p , q vadim on ii s udi ciis roscri tion ib us b on orum defatI ati , j , p p g , r r se i l permulti et ex u b e et ex ag i s , n i la castra con ferre

H s e o n n m m i i dicun tur. o ce g o ta l tes a cres quam in ﬁtia

tores l n os esse a rb i ror ui h om in es u m i e t t . a r mum s Q q p , i

‘ stare n on ossun t c orruan t sed ita u t n on m odo c ivitas p , , ,

d n vi in i uid m r xi i n i N m ll se e c q e p o m se t ant . a i ud non 22 TUL L II CICER ON IS.

intelle o uamob rem si vivere h onest non ossunt g , q , e p , p erire turpiter veli nt aut cur min ore dolore perituros se

cum multi s uam 5 1soli erea b i r i nt ar trentu 22. u , q p , . Q n tum en us est arricidarum sicari omm den i ue omnium g p , , q faci n orosorum : uos e o a Ca lin a on r v N am q g ti n e oco. n e ue div elli ab eO ossunt et ereant san in latrocin i o q p , p e ,

uon i am sunt ita m ulti ut eos carc r a r si e c e e on os t . . q , p n p Postremum autem enus est n on solum num ero v erum g , , etiam en ere i so at ue vita uod ro ri um Catilina est g p q , q p p , de e us delectu imm o v ero de c om lexu e us ac sinu uos j , p j , q ex o ca illo i1itidos aut imb erb es aut b en e b arb atos p p , , videti s m an i cati s et talarib us tun i c is veli s amictOs n on , , , to i s uorum omni s in dustri a v ita et vi ilan di lab or in g , q g

i i s x romi t r mn n 2 . In h i s re ib us o es a telucan s coch e p u . 3 g g

m i uri im i e l res o nes m ud c i ue v ersan tur. H i u ri a eato , p p q p

am le idi ac delicati n on solum am are et amari n e ue t p , q can are et saltare sed eti am sicas vibrare et s ar ere t , p g v n ma didicerun t ui n isi exeun t n i si ereun t etiamsi e e q , p ,

' a ilin a erieri t scitote h oc i n re ublica semin arium Cati C t p , p

Verumtamen uid si i i ti mi r lin arum futurum . q b s se i v olunt ? N um suas s ecum mulierculas sunt i n castra

? uem ad m odum autem illi s carere otuerunt ducturi Q p , h is pra sertim j am noctib us ? Quo autem p acto illi A pen n i num atque illas p ruin as ac n ives perferen t ? N i si fa ilius h i emem toleraturos utant uod n udi idcirco se c p , q

in con vi vii s saltare didic erunt.

2 O b ellum m a n o O ere ertimescendum uum XI. 4. g p p , q h an c sit h ab iturus Catilin a scortorum coh ortem pra tori am !

un c ui rites con tra h as tam ra claras Catilina I nstruite n , Q , p co pias vestra pra sidi a v estrosque ex ercitus : e t p rim um gladiatori illi con fec tO et saucio c on sules imperatoresque OR A TIO SECUN D A IN L . CA TIL IN A M 23 vestros Oppon ite dein de c on tra illam n aufragorum ej ec tam ac debilitatam m an um ﬂorem totiu s I talia ac rob ur

educi am v ro urb es c olon iarum ac m un i ci i orum te. J e p i e u respondeb unt C atilin a tumuli s silv estr b us . N q e ego

ceteras c o i as ornam en ta ra sidia v estra cum illins p , , p

latron is i n i te on ferre d b eo 2 . e i op a atque egesta c e . 5 S d s

omi ss is h i s reb us uib u s n os su editamus e et ille , q pp , g , s n i s e a rario i e atu e uitib us R oman . Urb v ec ali , q , , t g

b us cun eta talia rovin ciis omn ib us exteri s n ation i , I , p ,

bus s i h is reb u s omi ssi s i sas c ausas ua i n ter se c on , p , q

ﬁ i un t c on ten dere velimus ex eo i so u am vald il g , , p , q e li

a i n ll r im us E x h a en im r cean t te e e e oss . c a te udor j , g p p p

u n at illin c etulan ti a in e udic i ti a illime stu rum p g , p h p , p ;

h i nc ﬁ des illin c fraudati o hi n c i etas illi nc scel us h i n , p , ; c c on stanti a illi n c furor h inc h on estas illi n c tur i tudo ; , p h in c con tin en tia illin c libido den i u e a uitas em r , ; q q , t p e

an ti a fortitudo ruden ti a v i rtutes omn es c ertan c , , p , t um

i n i ui tate lux uria i n av i a tem eri tate cum om n ib us vi ii q , , g , , t s

ostrem o co ia cum e estate b ona ratio c um erdi a p p g , p t ,

m en s san a cum am en ti a b on a den i ue s es cum om n i , q p um

' In e us m od rerum desp erati on e c on ﬁ igit . j o certamin e ac roelio n on n e etiam si h omin ium studi a deﬁ ci an t di i p , , p si immortales c ogan t ab h i s pra c larissim i s v irtutib us tot et tan ta v iti a superari ?

I 26 uae c um ita sin t uirites vos u X I . em . Q , Q , , q ad

m odum am an tea dixi v estra tecta v i iliis custodii s u j , g q e defen dite : mi i ut Urbi si n e v estro motu a i h , c s n e .ullo tumultu sati s esset ra s idii c on sultum at ue rovi sum es p , q p t. Colon i omn es m un i cipesque ves tri certiores a m e facti de h ac n octurn a ex c ursi on e Catilin a fac ile urb es suas ﬁn es

u defe nd n G ladiatores uam si bi ille m an um q e e t . , q certi ss

imam fore ‘ utavit uam uam an imo m eliore sun p , q q t quam 24 M. TUL L II CICER ON IS.

ars atric i or m n in eb un ur u otestate t men n os ra co t t . p p , p a t

M ell l m . et us uem e o h oc ros i c ien s in a rum G al i cu Q , q g p p g Picen um ue ra mi si aut O rim et h omin em aut om n es q p , pp e us motus con atus ue roh ib ebit R eli ui s autem de t e j q p . q b us con stituen dis m aturan di s a en di s am ad sen atum , , g j

feremu s uem v r illos ui in re oca i vide i . 2 un c , q t s 7 . N , q Urb e reman serun t atque adeo qui contra Urbi s salutem n ium u n uam om q e n ostrum in Urb e a Catilin a relicti su t, q

uam sun t h ostes tamen ui a su t c ives monitos etiam q , , q n , at u i m volo M ea len i a adh u i ui soluti or visa q e et a . t s c s c - h ex av i r P uOd est oc ect t ut id uod lat b a rum e et. , p , q e t e p Q

reli uum est am n on ossum Oblivi s i meam h an c esse q , j p c , atriam m e h orum esse con sulem mihi ut cum hi s v i p , , a v n dum aut ro h i s esse m ri n m ullu st ortis e p o e du . N s e p

custos nullus in sidiator v ia si ui exire v olun t con ivere , q ,

ossum ui vero se i n Urb e c omm ov erit cu us e o n on p q , j g modo factum s ed i n ce tum ullum con atumve con tra a , p p

ri am de reh en dero sen tiet i n h ac urb e esse con sules vi t p , ilan tes esse ma i stratus e re ios esse fortem sen atum g , g g g , , sse arma esse carcerem uem vin di cem n efariorum ac e , q

f rum sc leru ma r n s i v l run man i esto e m j o es o tr esse o ue t.

28 A t u h a o n i i n ur uiri es u X . . e c m a s c a e t t t I I I q g , Q ,

m x ma res minim o m otu eri cula summa n ullo umultu a i , p t , b ellum intestinum ac domesticum p ost h ominum m em o riam crudelissim um et m ax imum m e un O togato duce et

u d e o si c admin i strab ui m ra ore sedetur. o o rites i p e t Q g , Q ,

si ullo m odo ﬁeri otuerit n e im rob us uidem ui s ut, p , p q q r m ui s l r s u a d i quam i n h ac u b e p oen a s ce e is ffer t. Se s vis

audacia si im enden s atria eri ulu m main ifesta , p p p c m e n ecessario de h ac an imi lenitate deduxerit illud profecto

erﬁ ciam uod i n tan tO et tam in sidioso b ello vix O tan p , q p OR ATIO SECUN DA IN L . CA TIL IN A M. 25

dum videtur ut n e ue b on us ui s uam intereat aucorum , q q q p

lv i s i i m m nes sa esse o s t s . 2 ue a na vos a o . ua q p j , p 9 Q quidem ego n eque mea p ruden tia n equ e h uman is con silii s f u olliceor vobi s uirites sed m ulti s et n on ret s p , Q , dub iis rum immortalium si n iﬁcation ibu s uibus e o d u i deo g , q g c bu s i n h an c spem sen ten tiamque sum in gressus qui j am n on

ro ul u-t uondam soleb an t ab ex terno h oste at ue l p c , q , q on

in uo sed h i c ra sentes suo n umin e at ue aux ili o su g q , p q a

bi s tecta defen dent . uos vos tem le. at ue ur uirites p q Q , Q ,

recari ven erari im lorare deb etis ut uam urb em u p , , p , , q p imam ﬂorenti ssimam ue esse voluerun t h an ch err q , c omn i b us h Ostium copii s terra m arique superatis a perditiss i

m n r l re def an morum c iviu efa io sce e end t.

N O T E S.

A PTE C H R I .

” do ﬁ nall at last e li uan : . T se r 1. ta ndem a o d x q y, h w s e ress o at th e accom lis men t of a lon desi red Ob ect m p j y p h g j . Co are th O en in Of th e ﬁ rst orati on uo us ue tande F r p e p g q q m. o

li ua nd : c Ci c . Cat th e expressi on tandem a q o p . ut tan E Fa m in am i st . dem a liquando tumen des : p ad. . ta n dem a li uan do mihi a te exs ecta ti ssimas li tteras reddidit ~ q p . O c casi on al l w e fi nd th e order a li uan do tandem Ter H e y q . c . 6 1 li ua o ta ndem huc animam ut a dducas tuu 4 4 a q nd m . W e fi nd also a li ua nd o am wit th e same m eanin : c . Ci c ad q j h g p . A i m tt cu . = “ uiri tes cive8 citizens. D istin u is R omani a enera Q g h , g l term appli ed to th e whole Roman people whether ci tizens or not and ui ri tes a oliti cal term b i c the om an eo l Q , p y wh h R p p e r m d i nated collecti vel a free c i ti z T we e i n R o e es g y s ens . h e root i = is K UR owerfu l . San scr t u ras L at . ortis an . p , c f . S scri t firata = L a r it c Ki o ‘ C ru frov o d . s t. o t u o a bo c f p p g, y p g, y , ” “ ” “ xt to a lord noi a vo a ru ler xv éw ratif p g, ; p g, ; p , I y “ ’ ’ “ ” L at ui ri s a s ear uer cus an oak li th e u . q , p ; q , , t . st rdy “ “ tree curi a a town all li t. th e lac e ere th e sti o , h , p wh ng ’ h ri n f assemble L i v . I deri ves t e o i O th e ord from Cur es y ( I 3) g w , a town Of Etru ri a an d sa s t at th e ord was i ven to th , y h w g e Sa n i r u ni n wi t th e om ans L i m n bi es after th e o h R . k e a y oth er de ri ati ons t is Is n ow ex loded v h p . “ Cati li nam—sumus we av e eit er dri v en out f L . h h o th e cit or ermi tted t o esca e or escorted wit ou r v aledi cti n y, p p , h o s,

L . Catili ne voluntari l de arti n i ntoxicated wit b oldne s , y p g, h s , b reat i n fort cri me wic edl lotti n th e rui n Of hi s n a h g h , k y p g tive l nd a ai n and a ain t reateni n ou and t is ci t i fi a , g g h g y h y w th re and s ord —scelu8 an helan em : for th e case see 1 w H . 37 , ’ “ 11 évaa a verovre r c orn . . b eat in f r I II . p . H p g h g o th ’ Z a l ér t eufl' v i ri A A st . IX 1 v o véw a n etl S t c . cts o . . Kai p , p p g fig “ ovov z Saul et b reat i n out t reaten i n and slau ter ¢ y h g h g gh , a niwlare : a n =G ree ava from th e notion thr ou hout ( k , g , comes a 28 N E OT S.

t at of re etiti n c dr a i vé oxo ai an a i n o . a n d a n a d ha lo h p p y y ), g g , , to b reat e -D isti n ui s scelus an offence a ai n st ot ers a h g h , g h , ai nst th e ri ts of i ndividuals or th e eace of soci et b robber g gh , p y y y , murder and articu la rl b sediti on b a dis la i n s ort o f , p y y , y p y, h , mali ce n e a s i s an ofi ence a ain st th e ods or a ai nst n ature f g g , g , ’ b b las e m sac rile e mu rder o f i nd red b etra al of o ne s y ph y, g , k , y coun t r : a ci nus a crim e w i c in additio n to an ev il i n t e n t y f , h h , , exci tes aston ishm en t and alarm from th e extraordi nary degree o f darin re uisite t ereto a itium is a crim e a ai n st on eself as g q h fl g g , ” lutto n li cen ti ousness cowardi ce —er ro amma ue mi nitan g y, , . f fl q Th re lar n tem. e u co struc ti on wit mi nor m in i tor i s as fol g h , lows 1 u rbi a mmam min r li t reaten ames to th e ( ) fi o t. I h fl city or 2) u r bemfla mmd m i nor I th reaten th e city wi th ” ames O cc asi o nal l w find a i n i s a a da f h e s t ssa e t. o t e fl . y , h p g , r n r i n r n b ] i n m n f t i n c e so o t t eate ed and an a . stru e t o : . p h g h , h g p

i P l . i r i c i h u c urbi e r o ni ue mina ntur P il . C . h f g q ; h r i a ' e h f r e f h p at e igni f er i oque mina tur . N ot t e o c o t e uen i v Ex lai n w a u m ean b i n ive des idera re ta t e. t o ce t f q p h y y p , ti ve dimi nutive and ?e uenta ti ve v erb s and s o w h ow eac class , f q , h h “ ’’ f r — r i t a or‘ v i s o med 6 . u i h c i . m f : . b t e . e o e : c . H 33 339 , y, , R , i n dicati ng a differe n c e f th e ob e t and l a difference f x r si on i r o c ve o e es . C ce o j , p , i n esi tatin b etween th e e ess ions e i cere emittei e verbi s h g p j , , rose ui ex resses imself wit reserv e for fear o f creati n p q , p h h g an y i ll feeli ng among th e p eople : thin ki ng th a t ej icere too strong a word w ic ex ression would armoni ze wit hi s con su lar au , h h p h h th orit h e uses emittei e and fi nall a s ti ll milder ex ressi on ver bis y, , y p , — - i i m = ai l 6 n r f r ai r o a r o r u . u t i G ee o p oseq p s sud sp on e z c f. 9 k p g i d ff a i idev n —' ' C c e O . del sa a r ma a c u t ver bi r p p s ce . s p ose i w f fi nd he a blati v a fter i se ui ic Tus 2 2 u e o ten c . . q ; t e p o q ; C . 5 i u n r i r mem ri a m u a l em h o i ve bis i P il . o us q o fi c s C c . h c j i am lam re e la u u Th e ex ressi on seems to refer to th e p c o t p s . p r h s It wa u su wo ds at t e end of th e Fi r t O ration 33 . s al to esc ort to th e gates o f the ci ty disti ngu ished ci tizens when lea ving th e ci t o n an i m rtan t mi si on O t ers ta e th e ex ressi on t y y po s . h k p o ” m ean w e av e acc om an ied wi t our m aledi cti ons b u t Ci c er h p h , o ur sel u s h lo rl wo rd ver bis ote th e a nte-cli max p po y se t e co ess . N i n e ecim us emi simu s rosecu ti sum as j , , p . — a bii t er up i t : i t is common for Ci c ero to accumu late words li l di ff r n f m a n i n fo r h sa f m a Som w i th tt e e e ce o e g t e k e o e ph sis . e see i n th ese wo rds a cli ma x; c o uc h ed i n terms borrowed from “ ” h hase A bi ti a li e s to a wild beast w en h e h as left his t e c . pp h 29 N OTES.

n r ir t anot e r art of th e forest excessi t usu al h aun ts a d et ed o h p , w en after b ei n trac ed out h e leaves th e s ot befo re th e nets h , g k p can b e re ared fo r him eva sit w en h e h as been su rrounded p p , h b th e toils b ut esca es b s rin i n fort and er u it w en h e y , p y p g g h p h b ursts his w ay th rough every i n terven i ng ob s tacle . — “ n uNa compa m bitm and n o lon ge r sh all destruc ti on b e - plan n ed agai nst th e ci ty i tself wi thi n th e ci ty by th at w ell k n ow n ” n — a m : c omb i n ed wi t a n e ati ve m onster an d unnatural b ei g . j h g “ ihi am s ew n o d an w rs ur lo n er . n l o r s e to o 6 . w , g , g , j p , I longci h ope for an yth i n g B r utus Af uti nae via: j a m susti neba t “ ’ a u B rutus c ould scarcely m ai ntai n hi mself anyl on ger at Muti n . m on stro : disti n ui s I n m ean i n mon str um from moneo an g h g, , ( ), y t i n c o n trar to th e c ourse of n ature foreb odi n i ll : a m onster h g y , g ; i i 7 roo D IG di i tus a ﬁ n er : dei xuv i r od um 0 t : c . p g , (p , p g , g y , ” oi n t out an m arvellou s ci rcums tan ce w e t er i ndicati ve I p ) y , h h of ood or evil ostentum ostendo a marvellous ci rcumstance g , ( ), o ften of ood omen ortentum : or -ten( lo = r o-tendo a or g ; p (p p ), p tent usuall of an alarmi n distin ui sh , y, g g , ” “ M UN to d f nd a wvsw h de ens i ve moen ia I oot e e : c . t e , ( p / ), f “ f i mum s z mu n r r alls o a c t us . oot MUN to w y , ( , “ “ an walls w at ev er : a r i es root PA R to th e y h p ( , “ arti tion w alls of a ouse maceri a ro ot MA R to p h ( , “ wall a garden .

a t ue t vieimu s and t is on e u ndou b tedl we av e c o n q h , y, h ” quered wh o i s p reem i n en tly th e leader In th e ci vil war. Un um m c u se o f ai wi word u a rl i n un i cu : p . r th s sed s su pe at ves or i ' s f h e su erl i v si cz i oro — th e sen e o t at es : c . si ne c ntr v r i a p p . g p g o o e s i s i ne dub o. — n on vershbi tur for n o longer shall th at dagger of h is ply s tas i n ai mi n at ou r sides a 1 6 6 u ti ns i t c . C t . 1 : o e k g p , q ti bi am extor ta est si ca ista de man i bus i s i sta i n th e j Why , on e assa e an d i ila i n th e ot er a li ed to si ca p g , , h , pp — — — n on non n on non brin g out th e emphati c posi tion o f non l i n — a m i l r ran M a ti . . 1 11 h i n s at . c o sc a T t o : c C t . . e g p , , p , cam u s JIIa Ttiu s was a lai n betw een th e Pi n cian ui rinal an d p p , Q , a i li ne ills an d th e i r In t i la h e a s mb li s f C to T be . s ce t s e e o p h , h p h o le an d th e elec tions wer ld Th r f ren c e i s h t e pe p e h e . e e e to t e m urderous designs of Cati li n e wh en u nable to ob tai n th e consul i — under th e re ub li h e r l l s . ora : c t o um c al ed a so or um h p f p f , f R oma n u m vetus vel m a n um was a la r e oblon s ace b e , , g , g , g p , tween th e Ca i toline an d Palati n e ills w ere the assemb li es of p h , h th e eo le ere eld ere usti ce was admi i ter d and r p p w h , wh j n s e whe e 3 0 N OTES.

ublic busi ness w as transac ted. It was i nstituted b omulus p y R , an d surrou r d ed wit orti c os s o s and bui ldi n s b Tar ui ni us h p , h p g , y q

“ Priscus. Un der ulius Caesar a second was added u n der A u J , ustus a t i rd an d u nder erva a fourt Th word wa al g h , N h . e s so appli ed to a market p la ce wh ere certai n commodi ties were sold - t us orum boar i um orum s uari u m or um i sca ri um r um h f , f , f p , f o oli t rium Th e w ord r um wa als a li r o . f o s o pp ed to ru al tow ns wh ere markets were held and j usti ce was admi ni stered as f or um

A ur eli u m.

curi a th e place wh ere th e sen ate met w as called curia ( for the deri vati on of th e word see note su r a on ui ri e The p Q t s ). meeti n of th e sen ate could n ot b e eld b ut i n a tem le t at i s g h p , h , i n a lace con secrated b an au u r t at th e delib erati ons p y g , h mi t b e rendered more solemn A nci en tl t ere were th ree gh . y h laces ere th e senate could be eld two i t i n th e ci t an d p wh h w h y, l f l w A f rw w th e tem e o B el ona i t out i t . te ards t ere ere more p , h h laces as the tem les of u i ter Stator w ere th e sen ate w as p p J p , ( h con ven ed w ere th e rst o rati on a ai nst Catiline was deli vered h ﬁ g ), of A ollo of Mars of Vulcan of Tellns o f Vi rtue of Fai t p , , , , , h , of Con cord al so h e Curi a H osti li a Ju li a Octavi a P om ei a t , , , p h whi ch last was shut up a fter th e death o f Caesar because h e was i n i slai n t.

“ — x ul u h was d riv n fro m h i van a e- r u nd th e loco e p s s : e e s t g g o , ” - f e ara tion m men t h e was ex elled from the ci t loco : ab l . o s o p y . p j 1 Th e rase movere loco i s a ramma tical ex ressi on for H . 4 . h g p 3 p — which w e also ﬁnd m over e statu cmn est dep u lsus when does h i ndi a i 2 1 11 1 n sub uncti v ? um ta e t e c t ve ? . . . e t e e c k H 5 , Wh , h j

2 1 11. 2 . H . 5 ,

a la m— eremus o en l t en s all w e ca rr on a re ular p g p y, h , h y g ” i n rin u So m e edi ti ons ave bellum war w i th out any one h de g s . h l r f rmal o en war o ressed to occultas ustum : i . s . a re u a o j , g , , p pp

i ns idia e. — sin e conj ecimus we have undoub tedly c rushed th e man and we h ave gai ned a glo ri ous v ictory th e m om en t w e d rove him ” war m ar m a n’ i ce n n C o e . from his secret plots i to ope . p g ﬁ

2 uod— uta tis ? i t at ri ef ra do ou su ose . q p w h wh g , p y , y pp

w cru s ed and rostrated t at i ndeed, h e did n ot carr h e as h p , h , y w i s blood stai ned da er as h e wi s ed t at h e ent awa a ay h gg , h , h w y, n w et ali ve th at we rested th e da er from hi s ands a d e y , w gg h , l ’ th at h e left th e ci ti zens safe and th e ci ty u ndemo—ish ed . ulit s il ex ur be: so also e ressus est scil ea: urbe vivis nobis t , c , g , , N OTES. 3 ]

l l - n d ra —f bso ute ta dem . di n ab . a c ma r r sti i . . e o u s ma er r p ﬁ g h o , ma esti ti a rief i n th e soul : tr istitia rief as ex ressed b h , g , g p y t e face .

— h f ls i mself disc m j a m se senti t and. e ee h o ﬁ tted and ” sco rned .

et—Iu et and h e often ind eed casts a b ac ard lance to g , , kw g ” i d h e mourn t a i h a b en sn atc ed from hi w is c t an s t t s e s a s . th y , h h j Cati li ne i s com pa I ed to some savage b east look i ng wi stfully ard at th e re t a h a s b een s natc ed from i s ras b ackw p y h t s j u t h t g p .

ua e— ro eceri t ile i t on th e c ontrar seems to m e to q p j wh , y, ’ i t a i a d r ed and cast fo rt so dan erous a rej o ce h t t h s n o g h g — pest . z — i l . ur bs uidem 15 ere adversat ve ev0mu uae et ea sci . . er it —q , q h p roj eceri t : th e su bj unc ti ve sho ws that this opin i on i s shared In

a h e s ea er 16 . oras used i t v r r n t . e b by othe s th p k : H 5 I I . w h s of m o tion ori s wit verb s o f rest. f , h

AP TE CH R I I .

si u is : ote t at ui s i s th e usual fo rm not a li ui s § 3 . q N h q , q , r i n i si n um ne uo ua nta afte s , , , , q , q

, i i v r m atter i n hoc ipsa n th s e y .

i — h sub un cti v e 00 u a ccuset : for t e . . q j H 5 , I — “ qu ad emiser im th at I did not arrest so deadly a foe In ” n a Th u b un stead o f allo wi g him to esc pe. e s j cti ves show that i ns f h detra ors o f i ro b ec t o o t e ct C ce . 16 t ese were o . h j H 5 , I I — “ i sta culp a : that fault urged by my oppon ents : for the f rc e of i sta see . 0 o , H 45 , I “ — tu la ba l n a u L Catilin a i nterf ectum pos t: o g go o ght . e to h ve deat and to ave recei ved th e severes t un i m n b ee n u t. to s e t p h , h p h ,

‘ an d t i s b ot th e custom of our an cestors an d th e stri ct disc ar e h h , h g of th e du ti es o f t is ofﬁ ce old and th e i nterests of the state h I h , ” n m ands i nter ectum esse : ex lai n full h dema ded at y h . f p y t e l r 2. at i h ru constructi on of op o tet : H . 537 53 Wh s t e e with re d to a m ridem am di u dum it res ect to tense ? ar s . g j p , j , , w h p H — i i u li - d i ra v s m m su ai um . i m er ii scil i . e. con g s p p p , . su lari s th e referen ce h ere i s to th e un li mi ted power put i nto th e h ands of th e consul by th e decree ( decretum u ltimum) consules da rent op er am ne qui d detr imen ti r es pu bli ca — sed crederent bu t h ow m an y do you suppose there were wh o would n ot b eli eve th e c ha rges which I b rought against 32 E N OT S.

h im Th e i m erfect sub u ncti ve i s used ere and in th e fol p j h ,

“ lo wi ng clause to state th e pro bab ili ty i n gen eral terms wi th out any

‘

Z . strict r f r n c th i m w i i t ac tuall existed . 1 e e e e to e t e at h ch y 33 . — o te th e em ati c us e o f e o H e refers to th e i n fo rmation N ph g . r m i a h en at O b tain ed th ough Fu lv ia an d com un c ted to t e S e .

de erre a li uem vel n omen was a tec n i cal term to a ccuse a f q , h ,

erson or br i n a ch a r e be or e the r ostor c . dela tor es de p , g g f p ; ( p , [a ti o and differen t from a ccusa re w i c ro erl si ni ﬁes to ), , h h p p y g sub tan i at r r v e h r s t e o p o t e cha ge . — i l r . us ti f him qu def ender en t wh o w ou d even t y to j y .

a c—s ustu lissem a nd fu rt er i f h ad su osed t at all , h , I pp h dan ers would b e warded off from ou in c ase h e were ta en off g y k , lon a o s o uld ave ta en off Catili n e at th e ris n ot o nl g g h I h k k , y ” f i mit a ai n st m elf b ut also of losi n m lif o st rri n u en s e . g y y , g y — — p — g si j udi car em s ustu lissem N o te th e conditi on contrary to a t i n h r t is en th e im er ect sub un cti ve i s used f c t e p o as . Wh p f j ‘ w en we s ould use th e lu er ect it den otes not an action h h p p f , , t at i s termi na ted b e fore t at den o ted by th e verb i n the h h . lau bu vi d as i n n simultan eousl wi t i o t er c se t e e o o t. h , w g g y h Ca ti lin ere th e word s i m l a t n on sustu li L . a m ui non H p y, , q — l su l t abl ab s. ere the rase is e ui v udi ca r em , i la b a o : al j . h ph q r t t ent to a condi ti on al clause si i lle subla tus esset. N o e h at sub - — e elli a v bis is h r la to i s a eu ph emi sm fo r i nterf ecto. d p o t e p epo siti ou n ecessar ere ? 1 —i n vidi ce mete : th e ossessi ve y h H . 4 4 . p ron oun h as ere th e for f h e ob ecti ve en iti ve at p h ce o t j g . Wh ambi ui t i n th e followi n ex ressi ons duci a tua a mi ci tia tua g y g p ﬁ , , dium tu um — i l abl of mann r ould u s es tua o . er c 0 . e . c m p , p W

ericlo b e correct ? 2. 2 ote 1 p 47 . N .

“ sed- videretis : b ut en saw b efore the fact t a § 4 . wh I , h t a con s i rac existed wa full roved t at if un is ed him p y s y p , ( h ) I p h i t deat as h e deserved th e result would b e t at over w h h , , h , w elmed wi t u n o ularit s ould b e un ab le to rosecute h is h h p p y , I h p con federates b ro u t th e m atter to t i s ass t at ou mi t , I gh h p h y gh ” t en o enl en a e i n war w n ou lai nl saw our en em —h p y g g h e y p y— y y . b : n ru ider m u un iv 2 1 2. r e co u ti n v e s ct e : . . o e 5 , j why j— H I_ I b l z r a l . abs u e u u u s i s r o uturu o t . or e t r m e se : en o e m f wh f , f f o esse ui n ec essar to ex ress an i n f future time ? . y p . H — “ ” m s fr m r D to s read c a la o o ed to cla m : o oot PA . p ( pp , p ; p a nda o en l n ot s hu n ni n ob se rvation : a er te o osed p ), p y, g p ( pp occulte with ut co ea lm t ) o nc en . N E 3-3 OT S.

uem—ex ier it and h ow m uc for m art t i nk he q h I , y p , h s ould b e dreaded as an en em n ow t at h e i s aw a ou ma h y, h y, y y learn from thi s fac t that I am even ann oyed at thi s th at h e h as ” — = i s left th e ci t i mall a reti nue uem et eum . or ( y) w th so s . g used wi t verb s of rest oras wit verb s of moti on — utem h f —, h p de end nt u i n l 1 . li c i bi s ut . e est o 2 . et sc . vo p q H . 5 9 H 5 5, I I I — — i t moleste ero c a l emb é w — ar u m com ita tus W h f : p . x g ¢ p . p all is i n M a nli S ust Cat c . 2 e um a u c : . 3 : n octe i ntemp sta c p a na castra ro ectus es t Pl r atili n et ou t wit 00 p f . uta ch says C e s h 3 follo wers — a ru m en erall h as as ere th e m ean in : n ot p g y , h , g enough p a ru m di u vix it h e did n ot li ve long en ough p aru m mu lti sun t def en sor es nobi li ta ti s Th e champi on s o f ” n obili t are n ot num erous en ou For th e assi ve fo rce o f th e y gh . p de onen t erfec t arti ci le : c ade tus co mentatus com p p p p p . p , m , ' ler us con ess as demensu s emens u a tu ementi tu s emer itus p , f , , s, eﬁ s, , , ' t x ertus ex ecra tus i nter reta tus m editatus metatus modera p , , p , , ,

tus o i n a tu.s a atus arti tas er un ctus er icli ta tus o u la tus , p , p , p , p f , p , p p , de ti ula t o ula tus s us testatus t ta tus detesta tus . p p , p , , con es ,

ti l i na — i m edux i sset E x plain th e differen ce b etween ut n a m ed ucer et co i as a m ux isset co i as u tina m educa t co i as p , utin ed p , p , - uti na m edux —secu m to w at words is eri t cop i as H . h cum simi larl at —co i as : w at w ords ave y tached ? H . p h h di ff eren 1 2 . t m ean i ngs in th e si ngular and plural ? H . 3 mi hi i hi a l dati ve said i n b tter i ron . my dear frien d et c , y W e new no t i n of To n ili us Publi ci us and Munatius exce t k h g g , , , p w at i s stated ere b ut w e m a b e su re t e were i n famous h h , y h y c ra a cters and b osom fri ends o f Catili ne . h , i n ra eteazta il o a w i le et wearin th e frin ed own . sc . t p , g h y g g g Th e Roman youth till the age of sevent een wore a gown b ord ered wi t ur le to a r aetexta after w ic t e wore t h e m a n l h p p g p ) , h h h y y own t i r i l ri ull a m an a See D ict o a v i s . D sc be f o to . g ( g ) e y R g , ( of A nti uities and ex lain fu ll to a a lba a tr a can di da libera q ) p y g , , , , a lmata i ir i D i i nar . cta ulla tra bea v lis . See c t o p , p , p , , ( y ) — qu orum p oter a t wh ose deb ts con trac ted i n a tav ern could ” n ot roduc e an comm ti on i n the state - a es a li enum : ro erl p y o . p p y , “ ” ” m one belon in r f r d b — i na = to an ot e t e re o e. e t o y g g h , h . p p “ ” co ui na b la bia li sm from co uo I cook t erefo re q ( y ) ; q , , h , eati n ou s i n tro e c . e uus . g h p g , s

l — re iqui t nobiles : referen c e i s m ade h ere to th e three classes of m en left b e i n d t ose overw elm ed wi t deb t and wh o had h ; h h h ,

N OTES. 35

on ﬁndi n e i w i i g s cur ty as sa d vadimoni um p rom ttere or f acere. If t e defendan t a eared on the da a oi nted h e was said h pp y pp , vadi moni um sistere : i f h e did n ot a ear h e was said va dim pp , oni um deserer e and the p raetor gives to th e plaintiff th e bon o rum s i ce s—o. quibus conc ident : and if I shall Show to them n ot merely the arra of our arm b ut if s all S ow even the order of th e y y, I h h ” l l rl —ui bu = i — raetor t e il fa l o e ess. s et e s D isti n uis p , h y w p w q . g h “ ” “ a ci es an arm dra n u i n b attle arra exercitus a , y w p y , , trained di sci lin ed arm : a men an arm on th e marc , p , y g , y h ” i a f r i n l —d ra r m eto is i . . h rd r co e o ces n e era . e i ctu e t e o e p , , g p , or writ of executi on i ssued by the p raetor on th e goods of th e

defen dan t : c . Ul i an Fra . raetor i n bona e us ui p p ( g p , j , q j udici o sisten di causa ﬁ de-j ussor um—dedit : si neque p otestatem a ia ne d end ntur i re ubebo. con cident c i P il c u e : . C c . . f t, q e ef , j p h , 2 10 ua re tibi nuntiata —con cidisti on t i s assa e Ma or , 7 q h p g y remar s t at concidere i s often used of th e colla se rostra k h p , p tion consternati on roduced b a sudden s oc : ust as we sa , , p y h k j y “ ” Th l ar you dropped to th e ground as i f shot. e vu g phrase ” ll a a i v h exa t for h r n struc a of e es t e c ce of t e e osi ti o . — k h p , g p p quos video volita re verb s of p er cep ti on especi ally verbs o l

“ and ein a h inﬁni tiv r ar i i l f hearing se g t ke t e e o p t c p e a ter them . Th e i n ﬁ nite expresses the fact that a person did a particular thi ng : audi vi te canere I heard that you sang th e parti ci le i s u sed en th e t i n i s describ ed or ercei ved i n a ar p wh h g , p p ticular state a udi vi te canentem I heard you (when you were ) ’

n i a udi vi te uum cancres . ould refer to a articular si g ng . q w p f e on i ero refers the i nﬁ niti v l i ortion o t s . C c e un ess a c p h g p , p ure is to be resented later riters as Taci tus refer the at t p , w , , p p i l — li tar i ord i often associ ed t n i vo e . t s s at i ot on of t cip e . h w w h en and m ion—i nsolen assuran im ud ce p resu pt t ce. p — ui un u ntis . wh o are s i nin it un uents. i t th e . g g e h g w h g W h k s and R omans erfumes ere un en ts n ot oils as i t u Gree u s . p w g , w h ' It was regarded as a ma k of eﬁ eminacy to perfum e the hai r or

erson : c . C a ter 10 22 : easo ca i llo n itidos p p h p , p p . ” i— ur ra wh o are arra ed i n ur l e The all si n . u u u o q p p : y p p . i s to the Sen ators and th e Knights ( equ ites) who were i n th e con The to a of th e former was di sti n ui s ed b a b roa spiracy. g g h y d

' stri e la tus cla vus t at of th e latter b narrow stri e an us p ( ), h y a p ( g

tus clavus of ur le i n . fron t of th e b reast. —) p p , ma llem eduxisset : t en sa ould li e t at h e h ad ( h , I y, ) I w k h

‘ u i h hi hi s ldi ers h e constr ti n i a lle taken o t w t rn so . T uc o s m m 56 E N OT S. — zi t ed ux isset for th e constructi on of ma llem : ; H . — i at constru i ons ma ma l v . su mil t ct o a e . 08 es Wh y h H 535, I I ,

i . hi s e. own bod uard c C a ter : utinam i lle , y g : p . h p 4 mn e o s secum cap ia s suos eduxisset.

ui — ertimescendos and if t e remai n ere rememb er t at q p h y h , h that army of hi s is n ot so m uc h to b e dreaded by us as those wh o ” av deser d t a ar — = -memen t t ve h te t m ui et ei . o e : i t e h e h y . q g o t er im erati ve form —nobis w at case ? 88 Ci cero h p . , h H . 3 . does not d read th e arm of Catili n e i n th e ﬁ eld but h e dreads y , t ose who remain at o me lotti n a ai nst th e safet of the h R p g g _ y h li v h i s a and t e es of t i t z n i . P Mur t te, e c e s : C c ro ena , — atque p ermoventur and dreaded th ey ought to b e still more for th e followi n reason b ecause t e are a are t at n o g , h y w h I k w l n —h wh at lots t e are a i and et t e are not alarmed . oc p h y y g, y h y , — i m an 20. m s iv h r r m ari e s . a e t e ot e de ees of co abl . H 4 g g h g p n — uod—senti un t w en does uod ta e th e i ndi cati ve and so q : q , _ h k — en th e sub un cti ve co itent E x lai n th e sub unctive . wh j g p j , H 2 1 5 9 , — — — 6 cui sit a ttr i buto, 4 mbea t de o oscer it : for sub unc § . p p j 2 all a ﬁl a nli um tives : . c . S ust Cat. C . 2 : C. H 5 9 , I ; p , h p 7 Fa ula s a t ue i n ea rn a rtem Etrur iae Se ti mium uenda m es q p , p q Camer i em i n a r am' P i cen um Ca ium J a li ‘um i n A a lia m dimisi t g , p . S ll a t ue i nc ndi um a ust a . a d edis a e or : c . C t C se c q p , h p. 43 ea di visa hoe modo di ceba ntnr : Statili us et Ga bi ni us uti cum

- magna mani c. dn odeei m simul opp ortuna loco urbis i ncend erent uo tumu ltu a ci lior aditus a d cons u lem ceteros ue ui bus in q f , q , q idia e a ra ba ntur eret Cethe us Ci cer oni anua m obsideret s p , ﬁ ; g j , d r der l ur A ccordi n to Ci cero at 1 eam vi a g e e . g , C . Q 4 I C as sius was to ﬁ re th e ci t and Cet e us and G abinius to 3, y, h g arr out the m assac re c y . s uper i or is n octi s cal led also i n O ration l I n owsup er ior now ri or : the ni t b et een the 6 th and th of ovemb er 8. p gh w 7 N . ” dela ta, were re orted t rou Curi us and Fulvi a p h gh .

hesterno die : th e ﬁ rst oration was deli vered November 8th

the seco nd ovember th . , N 9

n a also written na e : G reek vai usually j oi ned only to pro

n ouns . 3 N OTES. 7

TE IV CHA P R .

vos omnes would it b e admi ssi ble to say oestr um omnes ?

n isi vero as w ell as n is i or te an d n isi alon e are oi n ed to , f , j th e i ndi cati ve when th ey i n troduce a co rrec tion of th e sen ten ce le rec edin v er often a c ase as an exce tion and i m rob ab . p g, y p p ” Th ere i s an i ronica l mean i ng h ere un less you su ppose .

’ u is : used rat er t an a li ui s after si n i si num n e uo q h h q , , , , q , uan t q a.

a i lin as i i 1 II . C t ae : at c e s t s ? . Wh h H . 39 , 4

v r f thi nkin seemi n etc n on i ~ senti re non utet with e bs o . p g, g, , r r a n n i v i prefix ed to the fi ni te ve rb ath e th n to the i fi ti e : c p : C c . de Off : 1 1 : ca tivos reddendos i n senatu n on censu i t : , 3, 39 p ' m -ni a L e . Man . 2 6 a d u num de erencl a o esse i c . ro C p g 3 , 7 f r r r In E n lis th n e ati ve does n o t b e lon to non a bit a ntu . g h e g g th e verb i n th e pri nci pal proposi ti on Tr un less you suppose t ere i s an on e wh o i ma i n es t at t ose li e C atili n e do n ot h y g h h k , ” n r ain h ame o i n i n a a i li n e te t t e s p o s s C t e .

t m i s a tur ci l n eda a Th ub uncti v es ex a nt r o c c n s co c m t. e s p ﬁ , j a re n ot Im eratIve su b unc ti ves b ut sub uncti ves of u r ose p j , j p p 8 1 1 H 1 . . 4 4 , des ideri o su i th rough regret fo r th ei r absen c e for th e b v v u s ' li a o j ecti e gen i ti e i n s i ee n o te on i n vi c e mcae 3 . A urelia via th e A u reli an road ran alo ng th e we st coast 01

r l. i i a i c . P il . 1 22 vi a e sn n r E t rur a. to P s : c . C 2 t es t a p h , ;

Ill uti na m a su ero mar i F la mi ni a a b i er o A ureli a medi a , p nf , ’ h l a i a am e t e ri nc i a o man roads . C ss . N p p R ”

a at n i tfall A no t er readi n i s ves er am. a d vesp er m gh . h g p for th e two fo rms see D ic tionar y . — m ubli a m f r a cusati v f la ma ti n 8 1. O re c o c e o exc o : . 7 . p H 3

si quidem - ej eceri t i f only i t sh all have ca st this foul pol r m i i — u i m li d n lutio n f o th s c ty . s i q idem a reason i s p e i n a c o si n w i c h as b een m ade —senti n a 7n ro e rl th e old o f ces o h h . p p y h - i w r th b il e wa er settl s din Flo e G ree c i c . a sh e e t e c . C p h g p k g p . D e O ff senti na rei ubli ca e est ua e r s id t i n r e ub , p q e e p ta n -14a i n na vi —e ecerit ex lai n th for f th fu tu re li ca g m . j p e ce o e perfec t here H .

nno—videtur : i f i nd eed Catili ne is rem o ved i s em s to , , , t e m e t at th e state h as b een li ten ed and h as re a i n ed erself h gh g h , - — n no exha uslo z th e m etaphor i s k ept up i n thi s clause easha u 38 N OTES.

ri re senti nam c am en said of dra in off the bil e- ater i n p. , w g g w l f v s t ri r—t he o d o a e sel i . a u r m t : C c C . exha etu uo u h c . p — mi tum—w senl in a i ae me H r u m b ef r h co rei p ubl c . e c le : e o e t e n am es of gods i n oaths may b e explai ned by an elipsis ( 1) ita me H ercules unet 2 ita me H ercule uv s e . j ( ) , , j — “ qui d concep er it for wh at wi ck edness or crime —can b e either con cei ved or devi sed whi ch h e h as not planned rna li is artiti v n ive —D i stin ui m a lum and sceler e e i t s . s , p g , H g h l see no t —conce er it : sub u nctive i t indefinite sce us ; e § I . p j w h l i 00 re at ve : . . H 5 , I tota Ita li a n ote that th e prepositions are often omitted u h -v n se r t when tol s qualifies th e name of t e country . e efi cus c e p oisoni ng was so comm on i n Rome that Sulla considered i t ne cessary to pass speci al enactmen ts agai n st i t see L ea: Cornelia

de Venej i cis. “ testa mentorum subj ector : forger of wills ; a man was said testa men tum su bj i cer e wh o substituted a false will for a

enui ne on e or wh o i n serted a false c lause i n a nuin e ill . g , ge w ’ i a o ahl sadat The uni m nt for - i was F r sub i cere c . . s e t s o j , p ﬁ p h h r rt ff nd rs ere ex ile (dep ortatio) with loss of p ope y . Such o e e w

Pro s I ta ment ri i . b i ro D Se t. tes a called y C ce ( e Off. 7), Th e law agai nst th em was also passed by Sulla : see L ea: Cor n eli a Testa mentari a

f n al Th rm was a ci rcumscrip tor pro essio cheat . e te p pli ed to one wh o under cover o f th e law defrauds another by any artfull orded documen t and es eci all to ose wh o attem ted y w , p y, th p

v rr ac out ful ards u illi C . i c D e Off . to o e e h y h w ( p p ) p C . lus m a u ions erat oin dica tus u t circumscri tis ad le iste do l s leg , p o m L aet ri a Th e law m en tion ed was called lea: L ae scentiu lege o .

r i contr a ci r umscri tores adolescenti um and assed B . C . to a c p , p It ordai n ed t at n o one under 2 ears of a e could ma e 264 . h 5 y g k a le al b ar ai n and t ereb ﬁxed th e limi t of minorit at t is g g , h y y h

age. ” “ anco a lutton : from root G A V to deli t i n y , g , gh avv a iw aij o t audeo. y , y p g, y u g

r erl a randson but b deter iora ti on of mean n ep os p op y , g , y

i n a s endt ri ft. g, p h qui -f a tea tur wh o does n ot co n fess th at h e li ved on the m ost ” “ i u n i mate te rms it Cati li n e . o te v vere cum. a li o to i t w h N q , ” li ve wit on e n ot as a co ntem o rar but on terms of fami h , p y , i 0 liari t . For th e sub un ct v e : . 0 y j H 5 , I , 3 9 N OTES.

quae-i llum What assassi nati on h as b een commi tted during ' t ese later ears with ou t hi s artici ati on w at un allowed h y p p , h h ” lewdn ess without hi s i nstigation ? lzosce a nnos see L i fe o f ' — - Catili n e Gi v e force of t e dem on strati ve sufﬁ x cc. ne a r i um . h , f stu ru Plutarc m en ti on s th e re ort t at Catili ne in addi tion p m : h p h , to committi n i n est wit th e vestal vi r i n Fabi a li ved i n i lli cit g c h g , , i n t r r hi wn dau ter — er i llu m : a b i llo would e cou se with s o gh . p ex ress th e i mmedia te a en t : er i llum th e erson t rou p g p , p h gh

ose i nsti ati on assi st an ce i nstru men talit etc . an act w as wh g , , y, ,

don e.

8 am—i lla n a too at ower to allu re out s was . j y, , wh p y h ” — eve r so great i n the c ase of any m an as i n thi s on e P—j am vero: often m a s a ransi ti on : likewise mor eover besides . u ventutis rk t , , j b i i 6 o ect v e en ti ve : . . j — g H 39 , I II qui p ollicebatur wh o p erson ally lusted after som e wi th l lav o h th e b asest of m oti ves, wh o w as th e vi est s e t t e lusts of ot ers wh o romi sed to some a means o f rati f i n t ei r h , p g y g h lewd assion s to O t e rs the deat of aren ts w ile h e at th e p , h h p , h same ti m e not merel ur ed t em OII to th e deed b ut even ai d y —g h ( — ), ed ( in its imp ellendo adj uvando : n ot i nsi ra la i r b l i mi t d a a P a . ment l b t ves . o b y n i s o t e “ nemo—a dsci verit : t ere was n o on e over elmed wi t debt h wh h , n ot onl at ome b ut not even i n a sin le corner Of tal w om y R , g I y, h ” i un i i n t i in credible alli an f rim h e d d n ot te h s ce o c e . D eclin e ” m — -a r t FID tru e l s oo to st c . es d en n o. f0ec d o ce a , , p ﬁ , ﬁ , h l a u e g e.

C A PTER V H .

a t ue—ossiti s; and t at ou ma b e able to see hi s 9 , q p h y y different pursui ts ( pursui ts developed i n di fferen t di rections) i n a o ll u nli artm n Cicero ere mean s t a th r t ta y ke dep e t. h h t e cha ac r a ili n i m ade u f on tra i n te of C t e s p o c sts. H e s at o e tim e a toil orn veteran n oted for his atien t enduran ce o f labou r a bold w p , an d dari n m an an eﬁemi n ate tri ﬁer and a le d lib ertin g , w e. — “ nemo commemoret : there i s n ob ody i n the school of gladi ’ ators at all b old i n carr i n ou t som e dari n deed wh o does n y g g , ot ac n owled e imself a b osom fri en d of Catiline n o sta e la er k g h g p y , m ore wort less and wi c ed t an o di nar who does n ot a n h k ( h r y), ck ow ” led e imself almo st a b oon com ani on o f t is sam e n e g h p h o .

ludo gla dia tori o : s laves desti n ed fo r gladi ators were i nstructed. i n t ei r arts under th e care of a trainer called a a i — a h l n sta . C ti 40 N OTES. li nae intimum i t i s a matter of i ndifference Wh eth er Catilinae i s ni i v a e t e or dati ve . A numb er of words li e amicus i ni mi g k , cus , vici nus and i ntimus ma b e nouns or ad ec ti ves as n oun s t e y j , h y ov ern th e eni tiv e as ad ectives t e ov ern th e dativ Z 10 g g , j h y g e . 4 . — i n scen a : ac tors hi stri ones ere ei t er freedm en slave or ( ) w h , s stran ers and were eld i n reat c on tem t b h g , h g p y t e b etter class of ci tizens se e A n ti ui ti es under H is r i Th w t o. e ord s na ( q , ) ce ’ Gia n “ ‘ Gk . o ri i n all mean t a cov ered root SK U to cover n i , g y ( , ) “ ” lace en ce a ten t t en th e sta e as th e lace w ere p h h g , p h

th e ac tors occu i ed was th e o nl cov ered . a rt of th e eatre I p y p th . t i s wo rthy o f n oti ce that th e word scene i n Shakespeare and Milton “ alwa s c arri es Wi t i t some i n t of i ts ri mar m ean i n the y h h ; p y g, ” “ h sta e or t e scen er . li u a : c S a u s Caes r A ct II I. g , y p h k . , j , , c H ow man a es ence all t i u r S . I y g h Sh h s o lofty scen e b e ’ ” acted o er In states unb orn and accen ts et un n own y k .

n e uior i v e th e de rees o f com ari son of t i ord -soda q g g p h s w . - lem : i s s tro nger than i n tima m as i t i mplies th e obligati on i m posed oh all those wh o b elonged to th e same s oda litas or u ild : for t ese Obli ati on s see soda li tas i n A nti ui ti es g h g q .

a t ue —co nsumeret and et t i s sa me m an i n ured b q y h , y th e p racti ce of lewdness and crim e (by a lustful and c riminal cou rse of li fe was o en l b oasted o f as b rave b t ose i n con ) p y y h , se uenc e of h i s abili t to en du re cold un er t i rst an d want q y , h g , h , of slee t ou th e owers of his en er an d th e fo u ndati ons p, h gh p gy

“ of hi s m an hood h e was wasti ng in lustful passi on s and dari ng ” m T ere i s an o t er readi n r i or i ci a mi dati ve o sche es. h h g f g f : s g v erned b adsue a ctus wi t th e readi n i n t e text th e ablatives y f , h g h a re ablati ves of cause th e ex pression b ei ng equi valent to pr op r i t m m iti i i i r e D i sti n te ca quod f r gus e f a e et s m ci v g l as p e f rret. i an in r i r a di — nsum er t ano gu sh i n m e g p aed co p e co. co e : th er s m r r h atem n readin is con u e en tur Fo t e st e t : c . Sall Cat . g . p . , cor us a-ti en s i neclia e vi ili a e a l or is su r a uam credi p p , g , g , p q bi le st e .

0 —r m li —lau m 8 1 Th exclam a o e u b cam de . e 1 . n s p H 3 r n r a h i m l a od si to y form i s stro ge th n t e s p e p o s .

— i im u re desi res darin ra libidi nes autla c ae ctices. p , g p Th e pl ural of a bs trac t n oun s often deno tes rep eti ti on o f th e sam e” i r b c thi ng or exi sten ce i n d ffe ent O j e ts.

' bli r t av m o rt a ed A n ot er readi n i s ab o ga ve un h e g g . h g i u r h av wast d i n lu xu r — ortun a s : e re es l g i er un t e e y . f h pe ll r r cia y o f landed p op e ty . N OTES. 41

i l mesti ca r ert — r es sc do o . des , . p p y ﬁ ” a bundanti a i n da s of aﬂi uen ce y .

a lea at a feast th e oman s often la ed di ce a lea o f w ic R p y ( ) , h h t re w re two i nds th e tessera e and ta li th e tesser ae h ad i x he e k , s m r ed IV V VI li e our dic Th t li s id s a e . e a h ad e k I , I I , II I , , , , k four sid s len t wise for th e two ends ere not m ar ed : on e g h , w k e side was m ar ed wit an ace un to o osi te to t i s was six k h ( ) , pp h seni o th e ot er sides w ere t ree and four ter ni o ua tern io ( ) , h h ( , q A fter sh ak en i n a box ( fritu lus) th ey w ere cast O II th e gami ng Th h i es t row Venus a V table for us . e t ctus enereus or ( ) gh h , j , basili cus was of th e tessera e t ree si x es of th e ta li en all ) , h wh r Th e low est r cam e out i n differen t numb e s . t ow cani s w as h ( ) , of th e tessera e t ree aces and of th e ta li w en t e were all the , h , , h h y " ll am of c ance ere called a lea an r same . A es d e f rbidd n g h w , we o e b the Corneli an Public ian and Ti tian laws exce t i n th e m on y , , p th f m r T ese laws o ever ere n ri l o D ce b e . ot st ct ob serv e h , h w , w y ed .

- comi ssa ti ones revelli n s from lab m a movin ban g / g, g d v l T eoc rit Kw aodw a of re e lers c . : us ori ( p a a h . u ” r av connec ted wi t lcd n a vi lla e n c l h / ] , g , he e ike ” di o n few r a villa e so . /a , g g “ ” i er ere cowardl z th e deri vation i n a rs oi n t n te s : h y , , p s to

r t A R i n d sr b raver . oo p n, y

ui —i ncendia and t ese lollin at b an uets en ci rcli n nu q h , g q , g i r rm n rv w n h as te wom en wit t e a s . e e ated wi t i e su rfeit c h h h , ed it food crown ed wi t arlands b esmeared wit u n uen ts en w h , h g , h g , f l wi deb au c er tal w en d run of th e m u rder of l eeb ed th h y, k h k oyal ” s h burn i n o f th e ci t —a ccuban tes : referrin c itiz en and t e g y . g to ” f reclin i a an u n ea th e Roman mode o ng t b q ets . O ch c ouch T e la wi t th e u er ar th ere were usually th ree. h y y h pp p t o f th e b od rec li ned on th e left ai m th e ead a littl e raised a nd h y , h , t e — i i s u m a! b ac su orted b cus i ons con vi v s c . G ree k pp y h p k m , sertis r edi miti : i t was u sual for th e gu ests at suc h carousals to l lli ear arlan ds o f m rt e i v li es roses et c . and to rf w g y , y, , , , p e ume s t mselv s wi t fra ran t oils . D isti n u i : Obli ti b e e O liti , h h g g h , ” : l belc fort icc u u er ta nt ro er . u c p p y h h , h p p

11 ui bus —a ro i n uar e over t ese tr ust § . q pp p q h , I , some doom i s i m endi n and th e en alt l on due to dislo alt t p g, p y g y y , o rn ﬂi ac to uilt to lust i s ei t er n ow m ani festl an i n over p g y, g , , h y h g g , ” or at least a roac i n t em . Ex lai n th e c on stru cti , , p p h g h p on of u 86 -con do i ve arts o f w at v erbs r qu ib s H . 3 . ﬁ g p h a e semi 8 — i i n de one n t ? . 2 . certe : d st uis certe w p H 3 g h , hic h

E N OT S. 4 3

A PTE VI CH R .

i nt for th e sub uncti ve : . 00 . d ca : j H 5 , I

li um m ean t bani s ment from tal for an i ndeﬁnite eri od exi h I y p , ince h e en ate mi t recall the erson so exiled wi t or wi t ou s t S gh p , h h t th loss of c ivi l ri ts : de orta ti o er etual b an i s men t to a e gh p , p p h r i lace it th e loss of ci vil ri ts rele a ti o ei t er tem c e ta n p w h gh g , h r tual b ani s men t of a erson t ertai n lac p orary or pe pe h p o a. c p e il i wi th de—p rivati on of an y civ r ghts . quod loquuntur : and were I able to accomplish this by a si ngle word I would ex pel th e very m en who mak e these state~ ”— l ments. u od b e i nn in a c ause i s often e ui valent to ci hoe q g g q , i as =nt i r m the hoc i n th s c e ej ce e . videli cet b ot videlicet an d sci licet i n troduce an ex lanation h p , and enerall in such a m an ner t at videli cet i ndi cate s th e true g y h , and sci li cet a ron ex lanati on th e latter b ei n i n troduced onl w g p , g y

for th e ur ose Of m a in a refu tation of i t : Ci c . Pro Mil p p k g . Our i i tur eos manumisit metuebat s i li cet ne in i r - 21. g ? c , d ca ent

b ut h e was n ot afraid as i s s o n after ards. Sometimes th , h w w e meani n s are reversed as i n t is assa e videlicet bein used in g , h p g , , g “ an i roni cal sense : fors oth and sci licet often i ntroduces a q , real reason i t out an i ron w h y y . simul a tque : Note that a c or a tque after adj ecti ves and ad ” verb s Of similari ty and di ssimilarity h as th e force Of as imi l a e u a r i t u c s is a c e c. Fo s mul a e si mul ma b p . q q , y e used

alone.

hestern o die : this statement i s i rreconcilable wi th that i n Cat 1 10 from i c we naturall i nfer t at th Fi r . , , wh h y h e st Speech was delivered on Novemb er 8th ; whereas from the resent assa e i t ould a ear to b e delivered on th e th p p g w pp 7 . ’ D ruman s opi ni on i s that th e Fi rst Speech was delivered on th e th ovemb er and th e Second S eec on th e 8th to i c 7 N , p h , wh h o i ni l a n l n Muretus who foresa t i dif on a so M dvi i c i es . s p g , w h ﬁcult oins hes terno die and convoca vi esterda con vened y, j y y I th e Senate seei n t at h ad reviousl b een n earl murdered , g h I p y y ” — at m om —cum in ter ectus essem w en does cum ta e th y h e . jf h k e — mi sub uncti ve ? en th e i ndicative ? 21 1. . 1, do ex j wh H . 5 , I lai n th i n —i n—Stator is th e tem le of p e construct o H . p i J upiter Stator was b uilt at th e foot of th e Palatin e H ll . The surn ame was given from th e fact that when th e Romans w ere at o ne time ard ressed b th e Sabi nes and had turned in i t h p y , ﬂ gh , Jupi ter caused the Romans to mak e a stand (sta re f eci t) at thi s D 44 N OTES

t Disti n is i n f a ed i s o . u th e mean o es s n . aedes l In th p g h g g p . e h w si n . t e ord is re ularl ualiﬁ ed b an ad ec ti ve ex ressed g g y q y j p , or b th e eniti ve of th e dei t ose tem le i s men ti on ed If more y g y wh p . tem les t an on e are s o en of th e ad ecti ve or de end nt p h p k , j p e ni ti ve determi ne h se sa ra aed ed d e s t e sen c es a orum. g , es e

conscr ip tos : i n consequence of a numb er of Sen ators having b een slai n i n th e wars th at followed th e ex pulsi on of th e Tar ui ns n ew Senators w ere c osen i nto th e Senate to su l the q , h pp y la f o la i n h n na r l i ce o t se s . T e ew Se to s ere c a led conscr ti p h w p , nr led t r t h l n ato r l l o ethe wi h t e o d Se . n h o and i . e . e o s e ce t e d , g H th e n ew—Senators w ere add ressed by th e titles p a tres ( ci ) con scri ti detuli : re er re i s th e ro er ord to ex ress to la a p f p p w p , y matter bef or e the Sen a te (referre a d Sena tum) fo r deb ate by th e co nsul or ot er residi n ofﬁ cer : de erre ex resses to menti on h p g f p , or a n nou nce anythi ng : p la cere is the usual term to exp ress the decisi on of th e Senate .

quo et ea.

i ta : i s correlativ e wit a t w ile we are accustomed to use th e h , h corres ondi n to ut alon e Th e full constru ti on uld relative p g . c wo b e uis deni ue eam i ta as exit ut a s ici mus erdi tum , q q p p p ci vem ac qui s non p otius eam aspecciti ut asp icimus imp ortun i s m simum cive .

ui n etiam n a too D i sti n ui s ui n wit i ndic = 1 q y, g h q h ( ) na uin hoc a itis na ou are doin t is or 2 y q g y, y g h ( ) ” ” ui n h a itis 9 wh do ou n ot d t i s ? In why n ot ? q oc g . y y o h

z h e la ter case u in h as its ori inal force ui ne. ith im er. t t , q g q W p = “ ” i a ui n hoc a ite na do t i s . it sub unc t ve after n y q g y, h W h j ” negati ve verbs of doubting b ut th at.

i li rum i n ra . I a 6 . i c r a r m lla m su bsel o : O t C . 1 C e o p te , h p 7, u et/i oru at is th e di sti ncti on b says : p artem i stam s bs m. Wh e

ween i lle and iste ? 0 “ subselli orum the seats of th e Sen t H , 45 w r alled subselli a b ei n benea th th e seat o f th e C nsul ators e e c , g o i —nu da m a t ue in a nem n udus and i na nis ex ( sella oura l s). q

r s us uall th e same m ean in b ot m ean in ba re or em tied. p e s y g, h g p Th e doubling of sy non ym ous words is c ommo n i n Ci cero to ex ” ean in a re l l bar im l a stron er m s e c om ete e . p ress s p y g g h , p y — ' ati li n a at t i s unctu re t at violent consul who H ie C h j , I , h ” - z n i n to exile b a word as ed Catili ne . D i sti n drove citi e s y , k hi — ua e ivi na i t m in m eani n hi e c. s a Ca tili a be gui sh g , q y at w ile osco r e osco a /Ito oro r o o i nlerr o o er s n oted th h p , p , ﬂ g , , g , g , p tor ta e two ac usati ves i n the acti ve o e of the erson an eonc k c , n p d N OTES 45

anot er of th e t in man v erb s of demandi n and entreati n h h g, y g g l so ta an lativ of th e erson wit th e re osi tion a b and a k e ab e p h p p , v f h in i those o f enquir i ng may tak e the ablati e o t e th g w th de. Peta ostulo and uaero n ever ta e two accusati ves b ut th e fi rst , p q k , two a als th ablative of th e erson i t a b and uaero h ve o e p w h , q , wi t a b dc or ex . h —, a n necne : Madvi an d Klotz read i n for a n for this reason g ‘ th at an i n Ci cero can b e used only in a second or opposite ques i n — nn In at different wa s ma D i tin uis a on necne. t o , s g h , wh y y u d do ble questi ons b e ask e ? H . 353. i n n s ienti a con victus consci en ce str c e . 13 . co c k — — e iss t onsti tui sset esset descri ta for th e sub uncti ves . g e c p j , H “ ” “ alm sa s describer e is to rite down en ce to H y w , h co m ose w ile di scr ibere i s e ui valent to distri buere di viders p , h q , , disp onere translate h o w the pl an o f th e whole war had b een — ? ma r h i ei for at does ci stand . k ed out by m . wh H “ cum—a raret w en h e was falteri n w en h e w as con p h g, h vi c ted as ed him wh h e h esi tated to set ou t to a lace to , I k y p ”— i n i n in r ed ha esil ar et ex wh ch h e had long b ee des g g to p oce . lai h n i v E x lain th e mod e of formation of ha esit n t e sub u ct e. o p j p , n l i v r —teneretur ten er i often u sed of a d te l wh at k nd of e b i t i s . m ri m i V rr C c . e . those who are detected i n so e c e : c p. ani esti i n rebus homi nem eneri videbiti s The m eta or m f s t . — ph may b e tak en from th e animals captu red i n th e ch ase d ubitaret “ ” —r o i ci sci : w en du bi to mean s to doub t non dubito i s ro p j h , p rl n ru ed i ui nd ub un iv r r l n fin i iv e co st t n a s ct e a e it i t e . p y w h q j , y w h “ ” “ ” B ut w en dubito h as th e mean in of to sc ru le to esi tate h g p , h , an d the i n fin i ti ve following con tai n s th e sam e subj ect as th e m ain verb n on bi i n rall ons ru i h in fini du t s e e c t ed t t e ti ve Z . o . , g y w h 1— a r r i n or a ti r e ta i l i u 54 . p a et o c t wou d be qu d d bitas eo p ro ci sci uo a mdudu m a ras fi , q j p cu m p raemissa m th e secures and f a sces w ere th e b adges of militar aut orit Catili ne i ntended b as umin y h y . y s g th ese to ma e i t a ear t at h e was le all com mander all : c . S . Ca k pp h g y p t . 36 : quum f ascibus a tque a lli s i mp er i i i nsigni bus in ca stra a d

M an lium contendi t. T ese w ere carried b th e li ctors wh o h y , attended th e ra etors con suls an d di cta tor —a ui la il p , . q m lam argenteum : the same silver eagle th at Mari us had i n th e Cimb ric war Sall Cat c a : c . ua p . h . 59 : m bello Cim p 0 q 0 Ma r i i bri co . ri us i n exe c ta ha bu sse diceba tu Ex lain — r . p what w ere th e dif eren t sign a mi litar i a sa cra r ium : was a sh ri ne W ere dedi cated Offeri n s were tr asur a ilin h g e ed. So C t e at his 46 N OTES. own house h ad established a sh rine for the Eag le of the L e i on and i n vo ed i t as the tu lar g , k te y dei ty of bloodshed and rapine. — 9 “ 1 . i n videbam m n 4 . was I atte p ti g to dri ve—i n to exile a m an wh o I saw had already b egan an op en war ej iciebam a nati v rf co e i mpe ect. “ credo : often used i r oni ca ll as ere : su ose : c y h I pp p. ” M ri an —i ste t at of ours E x lai n th e duti e f i m er a h y . p s o p ator le a tus tr ibunus mi li tum centur io r ae e tus i um , g , , , p f c equ t , i ee A n i i ti ur S t u es . dec o. ( q )

i— u i a ' i t . 1 n u b u os : c C c . C t . i a ci us trur i a q p p , , 5 : f E e Faesulae (modern Fi esole) lies on a spur of th e western slope of th e A enn i nes. ear t is town was fou t the battle of P istori a p N h gh , that dec id ed th e fate of C ati li n e and of the rest of th e conspi r a rs i t onere castra c a re astra mm n r to . : . loc c co u i r as t a W h p p , e c .

Ma ssi lia m n w M a rsei lles It i s said all a a o . S . C t . c ( , h p . t at Catili n e after setti n out from R ome rote to several 34) h , g , w eo le sa i n t at h e was oi n as volun tar exil e o Massilia p p y g h g g a y t .

n h r f ll a i unt co j ugate t e ve b u y .

A PTER VII CH . — mi sera m O retc ed tas : for ace. of exclamation O , w h k n h rd on i i m eans rimaril an a m n 81. T e o c d c o ree e t H . 3 w p y g en a ro osal of a reement ro osi ti on 6 terms of a re h ce ( ) p p g , p p ; ( ) g e m n d mands arisin from a com act a tas . Th r ot i e t (c) e g p , k e o s

' co’L D IC o

u — onver teri if now L Catiline emmed in and cri n nc c t . h p l d b th e lans ave formed b th e en er ave dis la ed p e y p I h , y gy I h p y , b h e ri s ave run s all suddenl b ecome di sma ed s all y t k I h , h y y , h an e hi s determi n ation s all l eave his followers s all aban ch g , h , h d n his desi n o f carr in on war s all turn aside his ste s from o g y g , h p i s areer o f uilt and war to i t and es eciall to volun tar th c g ﬂ gh , p y y ” ote th e a s n deton i n th e rotas is. E x lain th e future exile . N y p p i n h r s —ad u um—in ex ili u perfect t e p ota is H . 47 f g m an of re si tions n ote th e ch ge p po .

— — n th iz uxis non non no : note e ep e . “ mal trial c r ci rc tro dv i ndemna tus : it ou t a for . G ee ev w h p k p g, u loew The full force of t is was a fterwards felt b Ci cero p g. h y l dius the tribune o f th e lebs brou t i n his bill a when C o , p , gh th t N OTES. 47 whoever h ad condemned unh eard a R oman c i tizen sh ould b e Sen t i nto exil — e. si t z i eceri si i ter i n ex ili um converter t : th e L at . a ere th e f f c , Gree n oes th e En lis do are often u sed as su bsti tutes fo I k , g h ot er verbs h .

Veli nt h ub un i v af r h i n deﬁ n it r la i v for t e s j ct e te t e e e t e : H . 00 5 I .

— llatu-r i is ort w ile for me O m an 1 . est de e t o s 5 p w h h , R , to encounte r th e storm of t i s unm erited and un ust en mit ro h j y , p vided th e danger of this dreadful an d wi ck ed war i s averted from — f r eni tiv va l 0 — ou . tanti o h e e o ue : . tem e ta tenz y t g f H . 4 5 p s subire : at re ositi ons c om ou nded wi t i ntransi ti v v rb s wh p p p h — e e 2 . o f m oti on render th ese verb s tran siti ve ? H . 37 dep ella tur lai n un i I —a v bis : h a ex the sub Ct ve : . 1 . o t e blati ve o f p j H 5 3 , la f a en t se arati n . 1 and not th e ab ti ve O 1 p o H 4 3 g H . 4 5. ” n n—i u h h a n i nt n tion o f oi n o t rus e s o e g g. — “ nu nqua m audia ti s never sh all I wi sh from th e imm ortal ods O omans t at for th e sa e of lessen i n re roac a ai ns t g , R , h , k g p h g m ou ma ar t a L atili ne i s lead n th e arm e e t . C of th e , y y h h i g y — - en em and i s movin to and fro i n arms . o ta bo ut y, g p : H . — for th e ob ective force of mea . i n vidiae mea e : e see —I j , 395, tr iduo th e ablati ve o ften ex ressed the time within w i II I . p h ch an a i d n In w at ot er wa s ma t i b ct s o e H . h h y y h s e ex pressed

mu lto ue—e ecerim and t i s mu c more do fear t at q j h h I , h I may some time or oth er b e reproached wi th allo wing h im to es ” r a wi m elli n him to de art —m a i cap e rath e th n th co p g p . g s gi ve — ’,§’ th e ot er de rees of com arison i llu d th e follo wi n : en h g p , g g i Madv i 8 b erall used i n th e sen se of t s : . D isti n ui y h g, 4 5, g sh

ti nia t tim o n v ni at. meo ut ve , e e e

uod—emiserim - e ecer im : ex lai n t ese sub uncti ves : q j p h j H .

i h r e rees O f com arison p ot ns give t e othe d g p . — “ sal di cerent : but sin ce th ere are m en who assert that h e b een dri ven out seei n t at h e h as one out a o h as , g h g wh t w uld th e same men say i f h e h ad been pttt to death E xplai n fully th e sub un ctive in t i s clause : si nt : . 2 1 . 2 di cant : j h H 5 , II ; H .

00 i nter ectus esset : H . 10 di cerent . H . 2 5 , I . f 5 ; 5 3 , I I . — quamqua m verentur alth ough th ese person s who assert agai n and again that Catiline i s goi ng to Massilia do not so 48 N OTES.

” muc com lain of t i s a dread it D i stin uis uam ua m intro h p h s . g h q q duci n a su osi ti on a s a a ct and t erefore c on s trued wit th e g pp f , h , h i ndicati ve i n ood w riters and u a mvi s i n troduci n a case g , q , g v ie ed as a m ere su osi ti on and construed i n ood riters w p—p , g w i th e sub un ti v i al a . t c e Massil a m c . l . C a C . w—h j : p S t. —h p 34 di cti ta nt i ve th e f r f r n b verentur . g o ce o th e f eque tativ e ver . Th ei r real wi sh was th at Catili ne would qu ickly return to R om e at h ead o f an arm t e h y . ’ ta m - mi ser ieors if C atil in e s party felt gen ui n e sympathy for t ei r leader t e would not wi s hi m to o to Manl ius w ic h h y h g , h h would i nev itabl b ri n about h is ru i n b ut would rat er wi s him y g , h h to o i n to volun tar ex ile to Ma ilia g y ss . ’ m ehercu le see n ote a V — u d a i atili ne s C . I h t : C 7, h p . oe q o g ma in war on hi s oun r k g c t y .

n unc— ueramm b u t n ow i f n othi n h as it erto b efallen q , g h h hi m con trar to hi s wi s es and desi ns u nless t is t at h e has y h g , h , h set out from Rome while we w ere s ti ll ali ve let us wi sh that h e m i n ban i m n ra h hi avi n done ay —go to sh e t t et th an c omplain o f s h g so . oraeter th e idea o f contr a r to a a i nst from the ene y , g , g ” ral idea of ex clusi on It o ri i n a ll s i niﬁed b e o nd or . g y g y “ ’ — ab ove . aceiderit disti n u is a ccidit said o f an u nex ected g h , y p event conti n it of w at occurs b th e i ft o f fortu n e ene ra ll ; g , h y g , g y i m l in somet in favourable evenit of w at tur ns out luc p y g h g , h ky ' — i bi l — i v e rules for n l . v b o ute P oma : or u uc i v s n s abl. a ky o s . g th e n ames of town s exp ressi ng ( 1) to a place ; ( 2)f rom a place a t a lac ( 3) p e.

C A PTE V H R I I I .

ui—h t l i i n th 17 . q os em : by h is eav ng R ome and go g to e am f anliu c p o M s.

et —timeo su l uem from h e recedi n ui I ma b pp y q t p g q . t y e n oti ced th at several successi ve words begi nn i ng with q produ ced bl r i disa reea e sensation to a om an ea c . c A cad 6 no : C . . g R p , quoni a m qui busna m qui squa m ad Fam qu i qui a e — u ia and u d diff r i n t is t at th f rm r i n i s qua . q q o e h h e o e d cate a lo i c al reason of the s ea er an d th e latter e i t er of the s ea er g p k , h p k l Fre n a r e ' or so me on e e se : correspondi ng to th e . ch p c que : quo i di ates a m ti Fre n uis ue ni a m n c o ve c c . p . h , p q

m u a wh n l i r r al i n e n ti n s D i n di ssi l nt o co cea th e e t o . sti gu ish “ “ si mu lar e to reten d w at does n o t ex ist : dt > \ tmula 7 e , p h , to on l w a d s ex is c cea h t oe t. 49 N OTES.

quos- i ntellego and these at least I do not so muc h seek to un is a s i f i t were in an wa osible to reclai m and i ndi vidu p h , y y p , ally rec on cile to th e state ; n or do I see why this cannot b e ” — = ossible i f on l t e w ill b e willi n to li sten to m e. uos et p , y h y q — g cos quidem : to wh at part o f speech i s thi s wo rd gen erally oi n ed — ossit z Klotz reads osset w at wou ld t is clau se t en j p p , h h h ” im l —sa na r ib i di i n uis sa na r e to eal wi t p y e s i psos st g h , h h re ference to th e ﬂi a f h m dici n e as a mean s of res to ri n e c cy o t e e , g “ ealt : meder i to e al as re ards th e s i ll atten tion and h h , h g k , , d — f van a — la care : u d t e. ment o f th doc tor s ibi i s dat . o a j g e . g p ‘ ‘’ ' ’ di sti n ui s i n m ea n i n d cere ci eere endere enaére g h g j , j p , p ‘’ ‘ d lbare a lbére : u d re u er e lacare lacere z sedare sedere — , f g , f g p , p , volen t : an other reading i s volun t.

ex ori a m : sci l r i mum to c o rres ond wit th e dei nde i n th e p p , p h lause f ll wi n n —medici nam consi li i : th e en i ti ve i s c o o g th e ex t. g use d to ex lai n e exe eti ea l en iti v w at th e medi cin e i s and p ( p g g e) h , — i — ter o c il . d s o s i s m e rel e u i v . len t to an a ositi ve or . y q pp w p , ' e aﬁ err .

— i n reat debt ave 18. ui ha bent wh o t ou lun ed q , h gh p g g , h ”

ti l rea r oss ssi n i h i u r a lien o c . i n suis s te e o s . t n s ae e g p W o , p — n u mmis esse eti am o r vel i s added to c ompa rati ves i n th e b est

o f w ri ters a dh uc occ u rs only i n later prose i n this sense. ” ( lissolvi : som e say to b e freed from deb t by selli ng the i r ossessions ot ers to b e torn a wa fro m t ese estates eve p h , y h n a s ar v r The v rb th ough th ese est te e h ea i ly b u den ed wi th d eb t. e i s i n the middle v oic e and i s equi v alen t to se a b i llis p raedi i s

e m . o i . r u l 0 u h i diss le re c . C c o S l a 2 i ll d erat enus o n um p p , , 59 g - horr ibi le et ertimescen du m ui ta nt a more suas ossessi ones p , q o p a m leazi teneba nt ut a b i is membra ( li velli ci ti us a c distrahi osse p , p i d acres .

“ Sp eci es est hon esti ss ima th e appearan ce is m ost respectable th ei r rank and mode o f liv i ng gi ves them th e appearance of s a i li re pec t b ty . — voluntas i rn utlentissima t ei r i n ten tion o ever and p h , h w , ” h cause t e ave es oused are most s am el s —i m uden t e h y h p h e s . p tissi ma b ecause they might h av e paid o ff all thei r deb ts before the de rec iati on of ro ert caused b th e cons i rac b ut would p p p y y p y,

n or. — tar dem are ou furn is ed i t and ri c i n lands ﬁ y h w h , h , uses late re i nue of slaves i n all i nds o f wealt : and do h o , , t , k h p — you hesitate to suffe r a loss to gai n tu : note th e

N OTES 51

“ — i b u v n f t i n b n sed la tu r t t ese men a e s o e o . o h I h p k , I h k y ' means s ould b e excessivel dreaded because t e can ei t er b e h y , h y h made to gi ve up thei r determination or i f they will persi st (i n t eir determi nati on i t seems to m e t at t e are m ore li el to h ), h h y k y ”— i n v w h s a mini e enterta o s than to carry arms agai nst t e t te. m c om are t is adverb —uod— ssunt w en does u ta e th e p h . q po h q od k - i ndi ti ve ? n h s n 16 ca e t e ub u c i ve ? . . . wh , j H 5 , I I I

CH A PTE R IX.

1 uam ua m n ote t at i n Cicero uam ua m ta es 9 . q q h q q k alwa s the i ndic ati ve ex ressi n a concession vi ewed as a fac t y p g , quamvi s tak es th e subj un cti ve si nce the concession is vi ewed not

as a fact b ut as a conce ti o n . In th e oets o ever and occasion p p , h w , i Tac i tu u a u h u un i v n all . i n L v and s m am ta es t e s b c t e b ei y y , q q k j g t l n uamvi —reru m oti ri to becom e masters hen equi va e t to q s. p f h n m n al i r m r i i r o t e over e t so so ot r i e ni i e . at o t e g p g , p Wh h m a i verb ta 10 V 2 1 case t s e . . . y h k H 4 , 3 4 , I — quibus p osse to these th e following piece o f warni ng seems ro er to b e i ven n eed ardl sa one and th e same warni n p p g , I h y y, g as to all th e rest to des air of bei n able to attai n t at w ic , p g h h h m i n th ey are atte pt g. 88 ui bus : dat n ot of a en t b ut of remote ob ect : . . q . g , j H 3 — — u bu il ae i i n u u u nt ad omni s sc r e e d m esse videt r . od eona ur q , , p p q

th e i ndi cative because a urel ex lan ator clause . 16 p y p y H 5 , I . “ rimum -rei ubli ca e scil h oe raeci iendum videtu r th e p p , p p ( followin iece of arnin seems ro er to b e iven ﬁ rst of all g p w g p p g ), , t at m self am on th e alert t at am attentive t at am h I y , h I , h I wat ful af er th e interests of th e ta —r i ublic 8 c t s te. e ae : . 1. h p H 3 5, Disti n ui s rovideo ca veo metno timeo ros i cio consu lo g h , p , , , , p p , , wi th th dati v and i t th e as cusati ve e e w h H .

— i l l m n deinde vir s second t at reat coura e is i n lo a e . — y, h g g y contra la turos will p ropiti ously b ri n g aid to stem so ’ r i f i dn s Th ods ere as if resen t b efor g eat a t de o w cke e s. e g w p e i n v isibl r s n r ra r r i i u i T our e es e e e ce o t e o t o s c . C c . 115 y , p , h p p p 6; 1 12 28 H ercules tantus et tam r aesens ha betur deus . . p . — “ quad adep ti : but supposi ng that they have really once gai ned that which they desi re to Ob tain with th e greatest eager ness . — num f utur es ? do they expect amid th e ash es of thi s ci ty and amid th e blood of th e ci tizens that the ' will be ei ther 52 N OTES.

dictators or even k i n s a state of t in s whi hav g , h g ch they e eagerly ‘ ” longed for i n their wi ck ed and unh allowed imagi nati ons ?

' utur os : ex lai n th e fu tu r i nﬁ i tiv — e n e . r e th f p H . 537 eg s e term rear was o ffen si v e to th e oman i c r r l a R s . C e o pu pose y dds thi s term to mak e this class parti cularly odiou s i n th e eyes of th e s Roman . — “ n on necesse do t e n ot see t at t e are aimin at t is h y h h y g h ,

a ow er w i c i f t e onc e obtai n mu s t of n ecessi t b ( p ) h h , h y , y e ” ield -d u to som e fu iti ve slave o r ladiator ? —i d sci l im y p g , , — g — er ia m . a de ti si nt : fo r th e su n ti v 06 s b u c e : . nece se p p j II 5 . si t : fo r the sub uncti ve : i r m an . 00 C ce o e t a f h j H 5 , I . s h t i t e con s i rac were succ essful th e b etter class who oi ned a i li n p y , j C t e would be sup plan ted by b ei ng c ompelled to yi eld to th e worst elements o f th e rev oluti nar ar ll m/ o t c . a Cat . u i y p y S . S — p g r imo r oelio Ca tilina su er ior tZescess isset r ecto ma n o, p p p , p of g cla des a t ue ca la m itas rem u bli ca m obre si sset ne ue i llis ui q p p , q , q - vi ctoria m a de ti or ent di ntias ea u ti li cui Ss et u in de essi s et p f , , q f - oassa nguibus qui p lus p ossent imp er ium a tque libertatc m emtor u g eret. “ 20 ter ti um —su dzt ss l § . cce there i s a thi rd c la a ready ad vanc ed in ears b ut still effectiv e i n con se uen ce of t ei r trai n y , q h i ng : and of th is c lass is th at mi sc rea n t Man lius w hom now ” a ili n ' d —a — z A C t e succee s . eta te c tu m a t te r v t n q[fec e a p o ec um . ot er readi n is con ectum er a s t oo stro n O f t ese old h g f , p h p g. h - - s ldi r f ulla l r S Sal ust a . c a 16 sa s : la i as a si o e s o C t . s o u , , h p , y g - r a i na ra m P t victori a v teri mem r i vil ell/a m x o a a n p e e s o es c e b e pt b t.

uos—constituit accordi n to A ian D e ello ci vi li q g pp ( b , Su lla di vided land amon of h is soldiers T es e g . h co l n i w r i r ri a o es e e ch eﬂ y i n Et u . — “ qu-os j a cta runt th ese ( colon i es) on the wh ole I k no w to [ c on si st of th e most loyal ci tizen s and m ost valiant m en b ut yet these c olon i s ts a re m en wh o after th ey ha v e attai ned u nex pec ted ” a i l nd sudden w ealth made too ex pensi ve and too lavish d sp ays . u n i ver sa s : man y adj ec ti v es i n L ati n h ave an adv erbial force —n — n i s = u um i ns era ta s et re enti na ec un i H 443 . i p eru i q p p s p as s ti i n n s r r h n i n adepti essent . The prepo i on de ote athe t e co t u a n ce of a state th e ablative alo ne w ould ex ress the cause or , p

reason .

V r - n tr um w l i . r . s bea n l do c . C c e o e to p 4 , u n us uisr ue ui ta m bea ti u a m i ste est non s m arts ta m deli q f q , q . , L a ms Var . e s s zmw als o ro L . be ui ca ti s e non os s . So p , q m ulta na s idet bo p o s . N OTES. 53

ti a wa ar f I Iecticis the Iec c s a m k o opulence. t was a kind o f s n r li ter su orted on th e s oulders of slaves le tar ii eda o t pp h ( c ). i s said to ave c ome from B i t n i a V err. The use of i t h hy cp . at m s uit B ith n ia e r e ibus Iectica octo horo er eba tur i n o f y g , p f ,

i u ra t er lucid us M ilitensi r osa, ar u la uo u lv n s e ct s . In ce q p p , f p me read lectis ot ers Zatis oin d t i of lecti cis so e o raed is . , , h , j p ” ouse olds of slaves f a milii s h h .

’ ’ ' convi vii s app ara ti s z cmwit zis sp len didzs wi th reference b oth h e n u mb e r and delica c of th e di s es and to th e s lendor f to t y h , p o Pli n E . a h di n i n room : c . otes ar a ti us coen r t e g p y, p p p p a e un uam hi la r ius ap ud ma ltos n q .

“ ” > rom rui n — u lla —ex it ~n u sa lvi saved f . c a d s : they hoped under C atili ne for a rev i val o f th e old rule of spoli ation and n v u nd r u l m urder th at w as i og e u e S l a . tenues a tque egen tes i ndigen t and n eedy the form er ad ectiv e re fers to th e small am oun t o f th ei r ro ert the la j p p y, tter fa at t e a ve s uan dered even t at to th e ct th h y h q h . — r oscr i tiones—di cta tum s i eos hoc H . p p as n the days ’ of Sulla s ru le.

— ‘ ta ntus videa ntm : for suc h deep i n dignation at th e excesses of t ese tim es h as b een i m ressed o n th e state t at n ow d h p , h , I o n ot sa u man b ein s b u t n ot even b rutes seem di s osed an y h g , , p y lon ger to b rook ( th e repe ti ti on o f) th ese i nustus : ex resses stron l the v i olen ce and du rati on o f th e su f e ri n p g y g . ” D i sti n ui s ecas ecudis fem . a ead o f cattle and ecas g h p , p , h , p , “ f at le ecor is neut . a erd o c t . p , h

A PTE CH R X.

- — ' 2 1 uar tum tu7 bulentum : th e fou rt class is i ndeed a § . q h , , ” m otle m ix ed and mon rel m edle . A s h as b een observ y, , g y ed b efore Ci cero o ften mu lti li es s n on ms fo r th e sa e of e ffec , p y y k t. “ m does n ot m ean turbu len t c i tur bulentu . C c . de Fi p n . 1 20 i lla a tomoru m tur bulenta concursio hunc m u ndi orn atu m r i pﬁ cere non p ote t. — ( uff remun tur scil a cre a li en o wh o n ow for a lo l p , , ng ti ni e — ' have b een bu rden ed wi th deb t . j a mp r idem wi th a presen t tense f rfec has th e force o a pe t H .

ui —va ci lla nt who a rtl b th ei r s iftlessn ess artl q , p y y h , p y by th e bad m an a emen t of t ei r ri vate b usi n ess artl too b g h p , p y , , y h ei r extrava an t abi ts sta er u n der the load o f t ei r old deb t g h gg h t. 54 N OTES.

- “ i r i a. i n fi a d r lessn ne t : ne . re x n a s s ift ess ( , g p , , h . ne oti o th e re ular h rase to carr on b usin ess i s ne otium g g p , y g ” m n f bu i n s call erere : c . ne oti a tores e o s e s ed i n Cic ro g p g , — , . p Sesti o n e otii erentes. vacillant : the ord mean , 97 , g g w s “ prop erly to waddle lik e a cow — “ qu i dicuntur very many of wh om w earied wi th gi vi ng bail executi on s wi t c onfi scati on s of ro ert are said to be , , h p p y resorti ng to that camp b oth from th e coun try an d from th e ” ‘ —va dim0mis— udi ci is— r oscri ti on ibus the exact rd city . j p p o er o f legal p rocedure is h ere observed ( 1) th e debtor i s su mmon ed ( voca re) by th e p rosec utor to gi ve bail (dare vadimoni um): ( 2) th e c ase comes on and j udgment j udi ci um) i s giv en by th e pre sidin g j udge ( j udex ) agai nst th e deb tor : (3) i f th e debtor h as n ot di scharged hi s obligations j udi catwm solvere) b efore a certai n da t en th e creditor i s ut i n ossessi on o f th e oods and y, h p p g , , i r 0 a s h e oods . e sold and th e debt aid from i after 3 d y t g p t. — “ hosce ar bitr or th ese men I consider n ot so much active ” — f s ldi ers as i ndolen t s i r ers. i n tia t0res lentos ro erl o h k fi , p p y, ” ard refusers m en wh o are alwa s read i t an excu f r t y , y y w h se o a i n a debt or to et uit of an obli ation b ut as th c n n ot p y g g q g , e o er i s w it mi li tes a cres Ci cero seems to i ntimat e trast h e h , e th y i n b attle as i n debt and fi nd excuses for i nacti vi will act ty. There

n a double mean i n i n th e ex ression . is th e g, p “ — n a i l quam p ri mum as soo s poss b e . O thers read qui i nes r i mum w ic ould m a e an a na coluthon si n ce w hom p h h w k , e b alan ce rimum To et rid of th n a have n o dei nde to —p , g e a colu n t e read earm a rk sed i ta scil cor r ucmt. tho , h y , , — “ a rbitrentur for do n ot u nde rstand t is Wh i na m I h , y, f n t li ve wit on or t e are willi n to di e i n di s ra they can o h h , h y g g ce ; or why th ey thi n k they will peri sh with less pai n i f they perish i n ” an i f th e eri alo n —h ne t compan y wi th man y th y p sh e. o s e in con b sequence of th ei r de ts. “ ” 22 deni ue i n s ort — uos—revoco and t ese d § . q h , q h I o not seek to recall from the side o f C atili ne for th e conati ve present revoco H . “ m—ossit : fo r t e canno t b e torn a a from his id na p h y w y s e, n is i s the c ase let t em eris i n t ei r car and (si ce th ), h p h h eer of b r si n ce t e are so man t at a rison cannot con ai n rob e y. h y y h p t ” P ro osi ti ons one o f w ic is n e ati ve a nd th e o th em . , h h g ther p — — ffi rmative are often formed h , et n e ue nec o r ne ue n ec et a , y q ( ), q ( ) , —/ u m a t r l and sometimes nec (n eque) 1 e. te et supply si dep e li a b 6 0 N OTES 55 .

' — sz car er ere was onl one ri son at R ome at i non p os nt. c th y p th s ime one cell of t is was called r obar Tu lli a num o r si m l t : h , p y l i ll a um bei n b ui lt b Servius Tu l us . In it all deat en Tu i n , g y h p i re aid Th e ot er was for deten ti on or tem orar c us alt es we p . h p y ud m n s r n un ced D i ti n ui s i n m an in tody until j g e t wa p o o . s g h e g

n ar er s. career , a d c c e

ostremum as Ci cero a fter ards ex lai ns i n a double sense p w p , , ” w r th e last and o st.

’ uad—sime w ic i s eculia rl Catili n e s crew com osed q h h p y , ( p ) of hi s own selec t fri ends na i ndeed o f friends most in timate , y, , ” — i r i u a tili nae h s oh r a tor ia 2 . and dea r. ro r m C c o s e p p , p , § 4 l —Si nai r i ide allu ion to his i m ur lus de comp exa the e s a s s p e ts .

uos—videtis t ese ou see wi t ai r care full tri mmed q h y h h y , s in i n wit u n ue nts eit er beardless or it bea rds carefull h g h g , h w h y ” i t th e r adi n i n th t xt emo ca i ll i s abla i trimmed . W h e g e e p p o t ve f s ri i n Ot ers remo ve th e co mma a fter ca i llo and i n o de c pt o . h p j o h rd i t ni tid —i mber bes refers to th e out ful foll t e wo s w h os. y h ow e rs o f C ati li ne o f dissolu te and l uxuri ous abi ts —bene ba rbat , h os enerall th e R omans e t th e b eard closel s aven b u t occasi g y k p y h , on all es eciall i n times o f mou rn in t e allo wed it to row y, p y g, h y g . “ T se m en it fo is li ttle b eards ar m enti n d i i h e w h pp h e o e n C c . E A am dies venisset r o a ti ni e C r n . tt c o a; S. . e e da e p g f , ’ - a bout bar batuh uvc nes toms i lle rew Ca tili na concurs e. j , g — ma nica tis f tuni cis : to a R oman i t was a m ark of e ffemin acy to wear togas with lon g sleeves (ma n ica l ae) an d reachi ng do w n h f et ta la r s c lli u G e s oct. A tt. r to t e e e . H o Sat ( ) p , N , . . , E lai n th ab lati v 8 x e e : 1 . p H . 4

li s-t is clot ed wi t veils n wi t to as l l ve o ot . A c se g h h , h g o y ﬁ tti n to a was th e m ar of a erson o f stri ct m orals ile a to a g g k p , wh g loosely ﬁtting and of so tran spare nt a tex tu re as to resemble v e i ls was a mark of an e ffemi nate Or of a dissolute person : h en ce the sayi ng o f Sulla to th e o ptimates wh o i n terceded for th e li fe “ of uli us Caesar a t ma le ra eci nct-um acra m ca verent o j p p , t be ” on ei r uard a ai nst t at loosel ir b en ce h e wo rd th g g h y g t oy. H t s ci nctus ra eci nctus succi nctus are ut for i ndustr i as ex edita , p , , p , p s, a u and di sci nctus f r i ner m li i n v s o s ol s ua c us. g , , , g

quoru m-exp r imi tm wh ose W h ole acti v e life a nd (whose) ” toi lsome v i ilan ce are ex ended on feasts lastin ill the da n g p g t w . i ndustri a vitae z i ndustr i a vita so also vi i lan di la b r z vi i , g o g lia b r w a ﬁ r 6 6 IV —i a - rz : b la o i osa t u e . ce is a u arri h g H . 3 nq ets c ed 56 N OTE&

all r u h n i ill he da br c bibere on t o t e t t t o e . c na r h gh gh y k p , e e i n I m ace .

' ibue contem tuousl : c a 2 . re c . 10 z § 3 g g : p y p . h p : ﬂag tiosi re g ges . ne ue cantare et saltare su l i t ne ue solum from the q pp y w h q , — recedi n . A n ot er readi n i s sa llere for sa ltar e. canta re p g h g p , ro erl said o f voca l music sa llere of i nstrumental musi p p y ; p , c, n stri n ed i nstruments accom an ied it th e voice o g , p w h .

sci tote : note that this i s th e regular form of th e imperative and l of the verb scire to avoid th e ossible confusion it sei te p . , p w h , ” h a v rb i c mean s s ilfull t e d e , wh h k y . “ semi nar i um Ca ti li narum a nursery of Catilines others read seminar i um Cati li narzum ic some condemn on th , wh h e groun d that i t m ay mean a nursery establish ed by Catiline R usti 8 mar ium semi nari um a t b ut c . Cat. de e ca o ue p R , 4 p , q oleagin—eum. m lunt mean f r the et ical dati ve : 8 si bi —o o h H . 3 9 . i i t do t e i ntend to ta e wi t . t m um ductur sc l . aun : e n , h y k h h i r mi stresses to th e cam P —num ex lai n the force of num the p p , ’ — nonn e and we i n di rect uesti on s. . , muliercula8 at , , q H 353 wh i s t h e force here of th e dimi nutive P Ex plai n fully the formation of diminutives . — “ his noctibus : Ci cero delivered this speech on the 8th v mb er but t i s date i s in accordan ce i t th e oman N o e , h w h R i b l us C sar B rr C . A c alendar b efore its co ect on y J u i ae ( . o o di n to some th e real date of th e s eec seein t at the civi l c r g p h , g h ar diff r nt mont s from th e solar ear was 12th anuar ye e e h y j y,

6 2 B . C . — — “ qua p acto p erferent ? i n wh at way will th ese endure th e cold o f th e A enni ne moun tain s and th e oar-frosts and ( ) p ( ), h — i A en ni nu m scil montem derived fr m n w t ere. t : o s o s h W h p , , ” a il r i B en C elti c PE N or B EN l o a e t : c . N evis , , , h h gh p ,

L omond P enni ne R an e. B en , g

‘ ni si—didi cer int nisi nisi vero nisi orte are often ined : , , f , j o wi th th e i ndi cati ve wh en they i n troduce a correction Of a senten ce r di n or are used i n an i ron ical sense u nless it a be p ece g, , m y , that they imagi ne the y will endure th e cold more easily on this ac c un t t at t e av e learned to dance na ed at b an ue s o h h y h k q t . ” i ir co : also idea for t is reason m a refer ei t r re dc , h , y he to a p

edin or to a succeedin statement as ere. T e succeedin c g, g h h g N OTES 57

statement i s often i ntroduced b u ad u ia or uon ia m and the y q , q , q ,

rd r m a n v r d im i r e refer als o to a o e y b e i e te . Somet es dci co, id a

u r ose introduc b a t u a wit a com arati ve ne or a t ne. p p ed y , q ( h p ), ,

A PTER X CH I.

2 — i mes e dum i l ir ni al Com are b l m rt c n : o c . § 4. el u p e h gh y p ma n o er e. g —p cum pr aetar iam si nce Catili n e is to h ave thi s b ody guard f i fam r es —E x lain um wi t th e ub un cti ve o n ous w etc . c S . h p , h j H 21 2 —cahartem ra etar i am i n th e da s of th e e ubli c th e 5 , II . . p ; y R p general was u sually attended by a select b and (cahors pr a etor ia ) c om l rav r L i v di cta tor osed of so diers o f tri ed b e : c . p y p y, ’ ’ P osthumi us cahorti sua e ua m delecta m ma n um raes edi z ca usa , q p circa se ha b a t si n um A ccordi n to Max Mii ller Sci ence eb da t g . g ( f L n h L a in word h r o r r Vol . 2 t e t c o s ca s o a ua e . . a g g ) I I , p 77, “ - m eant a u rdl e an en closu re a cattle ard . T en cahors h , , y h m ean n l i n i utin a n or a ur In Medi t so ma y so d ers co st t g pe co t. aeval L atin th e form was cur tis and used like th e G erman H of of th e farms an d cas tles built by th e R oman settlers in th e rovi n A i n aurt Grai ncour t Ma ni ce of the Em i re : c . c p p p g , , g

caurt. L astl from bei n a fortiﬁ ed lace curtis rose to th e y, g p , di i D eri ve a la e n t f ro al id nc . g y o y res e e p c .

r def si v f r p aesidi a defen ces or en e o ces.

— - glad ia tori sa uci o thi s worn out and woun ded gladiator at cas ? 86 wh e H . 3 — contra ma nu m agains t that stranded and w eak en ed b and " of s i wr d r s ec e w etc e . _ h p k h ej i cere is o ften said of one wh o is shipwreck ed and cast on s ore : c Ver il Ai m 1 8 : si ui bus e ectas si lvi s a ut h p . g , . . 57 q j ur bibus erra t.

am—silve tri b n w i nd th ci ti es of the coloni es and j s us o , eed, e of th e town s wi ll counterb alan ce th e woodland heights of Cati ” ' n man citi zen li e . D i stin ui s caloma e citi es or lan ds w i c o s g h , h h R w ere sent to in habit these h ad laws prescrib ed to th em by th e R oman s and ere overned as oman citi es were b du umviri , w g R , y mun i cip ia were foreign tow ns whi ch ob tai ned th e righ ts of R oman citiz en s i it vari ous ri vile es and w ic mi t or h p w h p g , h h gh mi t n ot accordin to t ei r ow n o ti on ado t th e om an gh , g h p , p R laws pr aefectura e were towns to whi ch p ref ects sen t from R om e ann ually admi nis tered j ustice : th ese n ei ther enj oyed th e rights

N OTES. 59

ue - bona ra tio cum erdita scil ra ti one : ud ment it q p , , j g w h ” — - f ll u — i wi a lu e de ai r o . rat t s y e m desp e a1w h bso t p . — “ i h sup erari i n a stri fe and con ﬂict o f such a ki nd will n ot th e immortal ods even t ou th e zealous efforts of men fai l g , h gh , com el so man and so a ran t v ices to be ut do wn by su c p y ﬂ g , p h preemi nen t vi rtues as these ? D i sti ngui shed eerta men : a con test of ords ea ons or ri nci les as ere : raeli um a tech ni w , w p p p h p ,

cal military expressi on . A PTER X I — CH I . 26 uae si nt often used to sum u an ar ument. . q p g

am—dixi : some stri e out dix i as suc an ex ression does j k , h p W e m a av e su osed t at Ci cero was n ot occur in th e speech . y h pp h i n ommi ttin th s eec to wri i guilty of an overs ght whe c g e p h t ng ” ” custodi ae : p rop erly watches on th e rampart of a camp ” i n i wa here day watches vig liae ght tc hes. — “ mihi est : I have carefully tak en precautions and made provision for y our city b ei ng su ﬂi cien tly de fended without any i an di sturb a nce on our ar —mi hi commoti on and w thout y y p t. : i t assi ve verb s the dati ve i s som eti mes u sed alon e i nstead o f w h p , i ro L e M an ilia C c . e c a . 2 a b wi t th e ablati ve : c . h p p g , h p 4 i u id i n hoe a usa m ihi s usce tu m est u ir ites i d omne qu dq c p , Q , me u i n r m r ei u blica e ca sa susce sse ca fi a. p— p de excus iane : referri ng to th e departure of Catili ne on th e i p revious n ght. “ uam ua m—conti nebuntur t ou t e are i n fact b etter q q h gh h y , , dis osed t owards th e state t an som e of th e n obles still t e will p h , h y ” u r w r D istin uis uam uam a n be k ept in chec k by o po e . g h q q d

ua mvis : . 1 . . q H 5 9 , I I I I

meli ore a n i ma ablati ve of cha racter i stic : . 1 . H 4 9 , I I — a ut p rahibebit will ei th er k eep i n check th e m an or will ” ra all h is mov emen ts and attem ts —hominem i s er frust te p . p u n m u u l r h aps sed c o te pt o s y h e e.

reli u is—videtis m oreov er as re ards th e arran ement t h e q , g g , speedy executi on and th e accom plishm ent of th e other matters we sh all presen tly lay th ese b efo re the senate whi ch you n ow see ” li n —r rr e ad sena um i h i s assemb . e e t s t e re u lar ex ressi on g f g p , “ ” rin u a m atte r b efo re th e sen a —v cari h to b g p te. a : by t e h h n n t pr a ecan es w o ad —b ee se t ou . 2 ut ue a dea vala or rat er who ave b een left be i n 7 . q h h h d b Catili ne to th e detrim en t o f th e ci t an d of us all alt ou the y y , h gh y 2 60 TE N O S.

are enemi es still b ecause t e are citi zens b orn ould ave , , h y , I w h ” m a ai n and a ain r i d d —'at ue adeo h ere =vel ati the g g em n e . q : p —m' oni tas—v' ala : th e erfect i nﬁ niti ve assive is often oined us . p p j wit r l to ex ress th e zeal and ra idit it w ic a t in i s h o e, p p y w h h h h g ' d n . Ci c Pr L a a d ant o e : c . o e . Man c . le ti ua er p g . h p 5 g q a ella ti su erbi us Cori n thum atres c astri otiu aeei ae pp p , p t s Gr lumen extinetum esse valuer unt

mea len itas erum er et m leni en c i f so far i t h as p y y, a eared to an on e too remiss ai ted bu t for t is t at th e pp y , w —h , h treac er i c was concealed mi t develo i tself eu i en h y wh h gh p , wh = ? — i s uis a li ui s See n ote c a ter 2 . adhue : relates q q h p , 3 ” ” to time u to t i s time it erto as et. , p h h h , y qu ad reli quum est as to wh at remai ns for the time to ” “ ” i n fu r come, tu e. “ coni vere p ossum : I can wink at it another reading is consulere.

“ r fet sibi p assant th ey may tak e measures fo their own sa y .

nan modo—sed : after n an modo sed follo s wit out etia m , w h h ec n n r men —de rehend er o when t e s o d is the stro ge state t. p I ” ll detect sha .

A P E X CH T R I II .

28 a t ue—sedetur : and all t ese t i n s ill b e so d n e 0 § . q h h g w o , om an s t at th e reatest disorders s all b e u elled i t the R , h g h q w h least ossible disturb an ce th e most i mmi n en t dan ers i t out p , g w h an alarm an i n ternal and civi l war th e most atrocious and y ; , n iv i h memor of men s all b e uelled b me i ts exte s e w thin t e y ( h q ) y , ” sole conductor and en eral eari n th e rob e of eace. g , w g p im erator e : abl absolute : w en th e con suls set out on an p . h y militar x dition t e c an ed t eir to a for the militar y e p e , h y h g h g y l n a t ex ress a onsul i n a civil c oa a um . e ce ta us es c k s g H , g p ca aci t sa atus on e i n th e ﬁ eld . p y, g , — — E x lai n he n es deduxer it p erﬁ—ei am p t te s H . prudenti a consili is f retus : what adj ectives govern th e ablative

3, i ni at -ni bua min ibus radi ns s g ﬁ c ia a , p g “ un d r ui anc qui bus duci bus e whose g d e . ”

r aesentes i n visibl e resen ce . p — — p p recar i ven erar i imp lorare : note th e cli max in these or w ds . M E PR O P E R N A S.

A enni ni scil mantes : th e A enn i nes a ran e of mou n tai ns p , , p , g b ran chi ng oﬂ from th e Mari tim e A lps i n th e n eighb orhood of n h ri a i Th rd i s deri ved from G e oa and risi n to t e A d t c . e o , g w h i ” t e Celtic PEN a e t . , , h gh

A uli a ae : noun fem : a district of Sout eastern tal on p , , h I y, h A t e dri atic coast.

A ureli a Vi a A om an road w i c foll ow ed th e ole R , h h wh len t of th e Etruri an and L i uri an c oasts and led i n to G aul b g h g , y th A l s M r itimae It w as made b th e consul A urelius e e a . p y , B m im A ﬁ r i nd fr m m C . 1 and n a ed after h . t st t ex te ed o o e . 49 , R to Pisa from ic oi n t it was sub se uen tl con ti nu ed under , wh h p q y the n ame of the Via A em ili a b th e con sul A emili us Scauru s y , as far as Vada Sab ata here i t left th e c oast and led as far as D er tona n A la r ri d i wa rried alon th e ow Tartana . t a te e o t s ca ( ) p , g coast to th e Mariti me A lps and even b eyond th em i n to Gaul as far a r n w r s A elate ( o A les).

C .

Cati li na ae : n oun masc Catili n e see n troducti on , I .

E .

Etruri a d e n oun fem Etruria : a di stri ct of Cen tral tal , z , I y h M i r n n on t e ed te ra ea .

Faesuld nus a ger : th e distri ct aro u nd th e town of Fa esula e th lae was i a e modern F iesole i n Etru ri a . ea r Fa esu P stari ( ), N “ ” ere atili n ﬁ i n for mos fell wh C e ght g e t .

G .

Ga lli anus a um ad ecti v e stati on ed in Ga llia i Ga llia c : . e. , , j , Cis a l i a p n .

l m ad ectiv e b elon i n to a lli a i a l Ga li cus a u G C s i na . , , j g g p 6 2 PR OPER N AMES.

Itali a ae : n oun fem tal a c ountr o f ut rn r , , I y, y So he E u op e. Th e word i s deri ved from Z raha L a t l t. vi u us ll f m g, , a b u , ro i ts x ell n b r ed of a l e c e t e c tt e.

’ L aeca ae : Marcus Po rcius L aeca an accom lice of Catilin e s , , p wh o at midnight conven ed th e leaders o f the c on spi racy at his own ouse ust b efore th e di scover of th e lot h , j y p .

a li us i n oun ma aius M l M n , : , sc : C an ius, one of the accom li ces of Catili n e om th e latter sen t i n to E truria to lev p , wh y troops an d adopt wh atever measures h e might deem n ecessary f th l H e commanded th e ri t in f for th e suc cess o e p ot . gh w g o ’ arm a Pi ria and f ll ﬁ i h r al Catili ne s y t sto e ght ng wi t despe ate v our.

i li a e : n ou n fem : Massi li a now M a r illes a l M a ss a , , ( se ), ce e l ment i n out e rn G au l on h Medi rran ea r d G ree sett e S t e te n . b ate k h , It was n oted fo r i ts ex ten si v e co mmerce an d for i ts li terary i A fter th e fall of Karth a e i t was a leadi n commer acti v ty . g g wn of th e Medi terranean and in th e da s of A u ustus c ial to , y g n a f s i en c rivalled A th e s as a se t o c e .

iu m n oun l th e i n abitants of Mas silia ltenses : . . Ma ssi , , p h

us i : n oun masc ui ntu s Metellus Celer raetor 6 Metell , , Q , p 3 was des atc ed b th e senate to th e Pi cenian territor to B . C . , p h y y r check the c on spi acy th ere .

e n un m asc : Titus Mun ati us on e of th e as Man ati n , i : o , , so atili ne of dissolute abi ts an d d ee l i nvolved i n ci ates of C , h p y

debt.

m i noun n euter a district of tal east and sout P i cénu , , I y, h east o f Umbri a .

i us i : n oun masc : on e of the dissol ute com an ions P ubli c , , p of Catiline. PR PE N ME 3 O R A S. 6

R ama d e z n oun fem : R ome a c eleb rated ci t of tal on , , , y I y , the Ti ber .

R oman us a um ad ec tive : of or b elon in to R ama , , j , g g , oman R .

Sulla d e n oun masc L uci us Corn eli us ulla a celeb rated , z , : S , om a n wh o after servi n u n der Mariu s ﬁ nall su lan ted his R , g , y pp old commander For th e career of Su lla see Sc mi tz A n ci en t . ( , h , is or H t y).

Ton i li us i : n oun m asc : on e of th e dissolut e ac com lices g , , p

o f C atili ne.

L A R Y VO C A B U .

- acri s acre for ao cer rt . A . ac er , , [ ; “ ” A C s ar root of (i dra ma , h p ; n f, ), a wi th abl h a a re . ( , b s), p p 6 m acus ac uo aci es S ar se m}; , , ] h p , From w m T d n ote th e a a ro . o e , y f vere rce e em cti ve s i r ﬁe , v h en t a , p ag en t : B b mea o ak i n to y, y ns f [ r i ted ( ac ri o , acerrimus). r ri n G . d]. ci f a E e oi n t é c i é s , , . [see cer] dg , p ;

er d u ctu m tr. a b d uc o , e uxi , d , - , order o ba tt e batt e arra . “ ” f l , l y ab awa d uco o ead To [ , y ; , t l ] ac u i ro ere u i si vi ui si tu m lead a i q , , q , q , s de remo e. , v “ ” “ ” tr. ad r t am [ , to ; quae o, o g ) h é b é o i re i vi i t um in tr. a , , , , [ , To i i r a n to ac u e. “ g , q awa eo to o To o awa y , g g y, é d re . wi t acc . : To u to o , p p h , p t dep art. a t w rds h e di rec , an ; to a , i n t

a b ere eci ectum tr. ah i c i o . [ j , , j , j , ti on of ; i n a ddi ti on to accordi ng from or awa ac i y ; j o, to to a ter i n re to u n to. ” , f ; p ly , t row To r o tr to ro h 1 p s a te, th w m tr ad a d d uc o ere xi etu . wa to l i , , , , [ , a a as de to u mb e. y, y , h l to d uco to ead To ea d , l l , a b s u m esse f ui i nt r. ah , , , [ , bri n con du ct to to ea d an tu g, l , from sum to b e To be a b , duce er a de , p su . e nt r s , away f om ; to stan d aloo f - ad v r r ad e m fr. é d é é . ob . fo . o from to be wa nti n , [p ; , g. “ ad to or u n = m , p to eo 1 eu , old t a m a b u n d a n ti a, ae . b fro , , [ i s ' ac e . of c ] Up to there, to su h a de or ab ove u nda to wav e en ce ; , ; h , r ee so m uc even t er e ore ae g , h, , h f , overﬂowi n P en t u n ess g y, f , r i n l l ll ea d g y. b a undan ce.

fi c ér EOi te tum v . a d f i 010, e , f , c , See at u e “ ” “ q . act. a i o to o To [ad , to ; f c , d é re cessi c essu m do somet i n to a erson to on our a c c ed o , , , i n tr. h g p ; h ,

ad to cedo to o To rewar d . [ , ; , g go to or u to be n ear to a o c r a . , p , ; pp h fli fli xr fi ic m v er tu . a d fli g o , g e, , “ a avi atum l o re tr a act . ad to fli o to da a c q é é r . d s , , , , [ , [ , ; g , h n w ce ro T h r i n te s e e to asten T a das to t e ou n d . l , h o h g a sten a cce erate to make h aste h , l , . ad v. ad to or u to ad h u c , [ , p “ a c c i d o ere oi di i n t . ad to h u e old form of h o t i s H h , , , [ , , c , h i t “ ” cado to fal ) To a dawn to erto t us ar as et sti even , l f ll , , h f y , ll , , be a t come u on to o a en . et p , f ll, h pp y .

- c ub are c ub ui c ubi é d i i s c or i i sci ade tu s sum ac c i i b o , , , p , p , p , “ “ - ad to or n ear c ub o de . for ad a i scor To reac et tum , [ , , to p [ p ] h, g ,

ttai n a c u i re. To li e or rec i ne. a li e l , q

m r. ad 0118 0 are avi atu t a d ﬁ 0 are uvi utu m tr. ad , , , , [ , j v , , j , j , [ “ ” ” a ain st c aus a a ca use To i n t en si ve u vo to e To g ; , 1 j , h lp 1 accuse to arr a i n to censu r e. e a i d assi st. , g , h lp , ,

VOCA B UL A R Y . 67

’ a i atum v r m “ i m o re av . fo ca é u ae f . root A O s ar , , , , [ q ﬂé , , [ , , h p , “ “ are root 0AM to ove To ove. from i ts s ar ta on s or A 0 swift , , l l h p l , , i i A from ts ﬂ t . n ea h gh ] gle, t e p ri n Gris m am L o . am or , , . [see o] ve ci a l stan dard o th e R oman e i o p f l g n . m de m l ec t or ecti ex u s su . a p , , , p “ tr. c a n n both a u m v o a r ri atus s . a h i , b i tro r , , , [ d , “ ” sides lect m ra T “ o to e b ce o to bito . To p , , to go 1 thi n k , embr e i rc e p o i o u d b ac c c as ve c n t . e e i eve. , l , l , l , l g j g , l

an con . : N ot trans ated i n di rect a r en tu m i n . root A R G to , j l g , , [ , ' i n n a u est o s i i ndi rect w et er burn c . v oc ard eo . Si ver q ; h h ; p py p , ] l ,

w et . mo . an er . or ne a te. , h h y, p l “ a n i m r r a u m ad . ar n gii lu s , , . [ oot AN K, to a g en t é u s , , , j ( ge ' b n d n o d tnm r r i e d c . w xv a an ui s . O si ve si ve s ver . p y , y p ; g , ) f l , l , l y ancora A corn er a u r ki n “ ace. ] , l g p l n r m a drum . oot A R to a r , , [ , , ’ m fi d w a G é n h é l are avi atu f r a t C . ov L ati n r o , , , , [ o h p p p p ; , a tus, = “ “ h al o fr. a v ¢i vai u a - A ms h a o to rma s . r . , p l , ] breat e To dra w u breat e h p , h ere exi ectu m ad a sp i c i o , , , , [ , an t brea the out or or t . “ p , f h to s eci o to ook To ook p , l l m “ an i m u s i . . AN to b reath e at to be o d . , [ . , h l The mi n d sou th e wi si re . de , l ; ll, fac ere fé ci fac a s su e fa c i o , , , di osi ti on cou ra e “ sp , g . tum : v [ad , to suesco, to ao “ n i m . for amn u u t m f i t m k T a n u s , , [ s, that c s o ac o, o a e ]. o ” w i c oes rou nd h h g ; root ma ke a ccustomed to. “ ' ’ ' arou nd c Gk . ew o en d vr p . s, ég ‘ - dr a bu t . con . aki n to G r. at , j [ p , ] annul us ear . ] A y B u t bu t et It often i ntrod uces , y . h r . wi t . n e : Over ob cti n of u o on nt . a té p p acc , j e o s pp sed opp e a ai nst be ore be ond i n a v g , f , y , d ance, a u con . for ad ue from tq e , j [ q ; su eri or to. p “ i n addi ti on u e ad , q , an te adv. : Form er be ore re , ly, f p A n d a so. , l vi ousl ri or orward i n va n y p , f , ad ce. a ttri b uo ii é re ii utu ru ad , , i , , [ , dv b “ “ a n té a a . : ro . fr. ante i s , [p , u t To i ~ to tri b o, o a eam B e ore orme r re ] f , f ly, p ri bu te si n bestow add . t , as g , , vi ously. a u m ad a u c ti é n ari us , , j m ad n a u . an t an té lfi c é n u s , , , j [ e, P ertai n i n to an au cti on . “ g b efore lux i t T at , l gh h m au eo to i n a u c tor i ri s . w i s be ore the dawn o da fl , [ g , i c . h h f f y ” or c tr i ver a Crease I. A u th , on , d adv. ab denoti n é p ert é , [ , g t e vi ser ro oser a r over . “ , p p , p p versal root PA R , to cover m a O en c ear ub i c . ri tas tati s f. fro uc p ly, l ly, p l ly a u c to , , [ “ R e u ta ti on tor, a p , a um ad . see a erte ap ert u s , , , j [ p ] u or it i n uen ce domi n i on a th y, fl , , n covered ree o en unmo ested . U , f , p , l maj esty.

a um ad . ad a p p arat u s , , , j [ , “ ! tens aratus re ared We a u d ac iHa ae, f. audax ]. B old, i n . , ; p , p p ll [

r m ti on coura e. re ared cost . esu p p , ly p p , g

o are avi atum a u d ax acis ad . B old re ap p el , , , , , j , p l ” o to b ri n To ca a ddress sum tu ous. pell , g ] ll , , p a eal i n voke ; i n ass : To be m semi p p r an sus su . . p , au d é o , e e, “ ca ed or n ame d . root A U to d esi re c . ll dep . [ , , ; p a um A1 avi du s av ec To d are a. t u s , , , 3. , , m i n c . a e . Fi tted sui ta b e ven tu re atte t. b p p x] , l , , p

te . ﬁt, adap d 6 8 VOCA B UL A R Y .

“ a u ﬁ o i re i i i tum v. A 0 to b dn u s a u m ad : , , v, , [ , , , , j

ear c . auri s di w . T r m i r o ea co su mu . me o . o ti s h p , ] h , p . l , p p Good, i s ten etc . wor t r e. l , hy, b av

is f. see audi o u ri s . T r a he ea . ad . ro , , [ ] b revi s , is, e, j [ ot, m e, ” “ t r a or o b e k 1. Sh t, bri e ; b revi au ru m i n . [root ass to f , , , , = se. t m or i n s ort ti me h [ e e1 h s ortl . hin . u ro o p , y s e G d . cp ]. l

b ré vi t er adv. fr. brevis . B ri e u n i r. a x , ﬂy, a u sp i c i a m , , . [ u s p e s ort from avis and s eci o th e ob serv h ly. p , ati on of bi rds b red for aus i p ces]. A n u r men aus i e s a u o c . g y, ; p 0.

a u t con . ak i n to Gr. a b a bet “ , j [ , , i s caed la c ae d e s, . [ o, to s y etc or ant—ant ei t er—or n on ], ; , h ; Sla u ter e m r er gh , carnag , u d . — i r au t, n e the , n or . a ere ceci di caesum To ’ c e d o , , , : c n aki n t Gr dvr a t e m o . o . au . , j [ p] cu t down e to s bea , f l ; ay, ki , t. B t on the ot er n d l l ll u , h ha , moreover .

l ati s f. erh a s fo c é é m i ta s , , [p p r n “ au x il i a dru m . [au eo to “ , , g , cadami tas from A O to , C D , l . auxi ia r troo s p , l y p . Ca mi t m ne d a i s ortu isaster . l y, f , auxi ia r i es. l “ i m . root SOA P t c a m p u s , , [ , o

ii . ro fr i li u m b . om ob s l a u x o . , [p di xi ro m Marti ns : c . q . Ca us = = g p p ] p , ad . au xili s au i lis for au eo j ( g , g ) th e e d of Mars w ere th e Comiti a ﬁ l , h i nc re asin H e i g] , a d assi stan ce. lp , were held ; i t was also used for m é v e rs s a u ad . for avert am es u , , , j [ g , etc.

su s and art from averto é re ti ‘ ; p , , , l m fr c a il lu s . ca ut r p , . [ p , G . sum A verted turned rom a i en ], , f , l x et a h The i b n]. ha r of the hea d. ated . c a ére ce i ca tum p i o . , p , p : v. a. av é c o are avi atum ah , , , , [ , To tak e et obtai n r i v , g , , ece e. from voco to To ca l , l “ a e ad . ca ut h c p l t ali s , , j [ p , t e away. ' h ead Ca i ta dead . p l, ly

i m. A é vﬁ s rand ather . , , g f m a r r eris . root A c c e , , ( , M , to l w enc ose : c . arx e . A ri son. l p , py ] p B r m n l a t ra d u . . er a c s , , p [p h ps a um d “ b a rb a : a . ar a t u s b b . , , j [ ] for scad trum : root BR A to , D , B r ’ ea ded . v = k ad co er : c . casa s sa z German p ,

tten : En . d ow . A m é é t é : adv. bea tus : H a sc a s a ca . b [ ] ppi ly, h g h ] p ortu n a te ro o f y, p sp er u s . l ly c au s a as f. root sac to d e , , [ , um fend : ence a sui t defended b é é t u s , a, , ad j . : h to mak e H a o A cause reason rou n d moti ve p py, pr s , , g ; ,

er on s or tu n a t r cause or rocess o law. p , f e, i ch . , p f

' - er avi m tr b e llu m i n . old form du e u m c av eo e, c c autu . , , [ ll , , , ’ from duo n and i n tr. To take care to be on on e s , two h e ce a c ontest , b t n ua rd a voi d to u ard a ai nst e wee two]. A war. g ; , g g v u m r o o ea ere ali q e , to wa d f s me on e; d v. m m i a co . e us su l . b é n é , , p , p l c vet allc ui to re or some o a e ca ne. tim We a il ro ero , f o e . s us . p ll , h p p y, p p ly “ ni s : m : f c e n tﬁ ri o , o [ rom cen b é n é f i c i u m ii n . b en e wel , , ( , l ri a a u ndred men A o tu , h c m fac i o to Ki n dn ess. bene t , ﬁ , m an der o a un dred me n a e av r f h c n f o , di sti n cti on .

turi on .

b é n u m i n . A ood bene t , , g , ﬁ , - c e rtam e n i n is n . eel t o to b ess in bona orum oods r o , , [ , l g ; , , g , p con tend A con test stru e . r dv n e , ggl t a a . ze y, tag s VO A B UL A R 69 C Y .

“ tu s certai n co ect a ssem b e orce com e to adv . cer c e rt é , [ , ll , l , f , p l ;

A t east assu red or certa i n . i n d uce revai on . l , ly, f , p l

t h or s ti s f . cors coh ors atu m v . roo é ar avi , C c ert o , e, , [ , , [ , ; ” d r‘ o ‘ A co or h to decide To con tend . s enc osure t t e CER , ] x p , l h , ten t a rt e i o o a n . me root h p f l g a u m ad . sa c e rt a s . , , j [ e i r r i c ollé o re e ectum t . con ta n xed . as certo] Ce , ﬁ g , , g , , [ , ” “ to et er e o to at er g h ; l g , g h a. u m ad . aki n to c é t é ru s , , j [ T co ect o s b e a c i r o t a sem to u e. m i n masc n t i n u se ll , l , q s . . o Er epos n o . g ; “ t Th e ot er th e rest th e c é l é n u i m . co o o ti i n . rare s s g ] h , , , , [ l , ll m ai r o A co on i s t sett er armer re n de f . l , l , f “ i ti m on to t i é m s . c e er i 111 Foo r ov si on . c é s c i b u s , , . d , p . , [ g h ; “ “ I to o A n associ a te a com , g , Gri s m . root CA N to be C i ni s , , [ , ” a ni on di du s A she ember p . t . can s s: whi e ; cp ] , om i s s ati o oms f comi ssor ru i n . c , , : [ - d u R eve reb elli n ca ron s ‘ a g ] l , g, d v . root KU re . an d a R C i I C EL, p p [ ,

i n . cu rv us Kuo ‘ g to b e nd ; cp . , s ] m v bou t. an atu s su de . r n d rou n d a é m i or . A ou , c t , , , p m [see comes ] To a cco p an y. re . an d adv . see C i rc u m , p p [ c i rc a I n a ci rc e and h enc e aroun d c om m é m é ro are avi atu m ] l , , , , , ,

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m a i nis f m a n u s m eh r l me erc u e m n i tud e . e c e e h er g , , [ g ] , h l , r ma n i tu de cu es b H er u G ea tness si ze . c es. S n t ee o e. , , g l , y l m i w é m sse tr. an i n . ad v . often ri t i n i d tr d f m ag n o p é re , [ , , e ec . - ten m a no o ere Gr ea t exceed ~ [for menmen i redu i cated form of g p ] ly, , pl i n l c om ma is s u er] m x root MA N to t i n k T r g y ; p . g ; p . a , h o emem ber r e ime. co ect men ti on . ll , .

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Sans . ma a d1rt B a d wi cked vi l , y] , , ward ki nd n or meri ess . a v to a l , f b . , ci ous un fa vou ra b e ma u m v 11 , l ; l . deser ved ust ly, j ly. an evi mi s or tu n e com é l , f ; p . p j or ; as m r m é t u s , , . F ea , dread su l . ess i n 1u , p p s. terr or a re en , pp h si on . m a n eo ere si su m tr n . a , , , , d é a u m o m u s ss. ad . ron “ , , , p j p . i n tr. root MA N to rem ai n T [ , o M m n mi ow n e. y, y , sta r ema i n a wai t n r y. , , e d u e, con i ti s m m m il é s as. et d , , [ y . ub . ] ti nn e. So di er . “ l m a n l c é t u s a u m man i ca , , [ , a ' ad mi e M mi li tari s e . s i i s eeve H a vi n on s eeve , , j [ l ] l l g l g l s. tar war i ke. y, l m é mfe s t u s a u m ad r , , , j [p ob . d m M1N . mama s ru f . to over a -f n d —u f man u , , [ , for m ni e t s ; r. s ; ( i) ; an c . mon s mi n eo Menaces ob so ete fendo M an i est c ear h g p , ] , l ] f , l , t . t i threa s cer a n . mi ad su er] of n i m e . aru m m n u us f root MA to m , j p p . é s , , [ , ea ” B n m e o ans n ot at a ll . su re h en c e th e meas u rer ] A y , ﬁ ri atus n d orce. m i n sum a i tor de . h , f , , p mi nae T m t rea t o ena ce en . “ [ ] , h i s 11. MAR to di m are , , ( , e ; ‘ w i c k il m i n fi o fl ére 11i utum tr f t at s or MA R to b e . rom h h h l , , , , , [ ” “ Th a root mi n to se w b ri t e sea . es n en gh ] , l ; h ce n i x/wa y To ma ke ess di mi n i s ad v ] l , h , mé tfl r e , . E ar y. l i i r mp a . are avi atu m m at ﬁ ro , , , : To mi s c é o ere i n mi st m , , , u and hasten . mi x t um t ak i n to r , r. [ oot MIG ; wh enc e aa f. n ne t m é d i C i n a , , [co c ed Wi th i a w i - v i TO mi n e mi x “ " M y , u y u ] g , , m edeor t o ea M e d i c i n e w l , h l ] , con oun d ti r f , s up . remedy. a é r mi s e r er um ad . Wretc , , , j hed , d i o c ri s é ad : medi u s m er m e is a b e. , , j [ , l “ M r t mi ddl e ode a e. m i s é ra n d u s a t m ad f . rom , , i , j [ a u m ad m é di u s , , , j . [Gr. uéa og To be i tted i ti a b e ] p , p l , i n th mid t Mi dd e e . amen ta b e. l , s l l

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