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CAMPANIA SACRA Rivista Di Storia Sociale E Religiosa Del Mezzogiorno

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CAMPANIA SACRA Rivista Di Storia Sociale E Religiosa Del Mezzogiorno PONTIFICIA FACOLTÀ TEOLOGICA DELL’ITALIA MERIDIONALE SEZIONE S. TOMMASO D’AQUINO - NAPOLI CAMPANIA SACRA Rivista di Storia Sociale e Religiosa del Mezzogiorno VOLUME 42 1-2 ANNO 2011 Le relazioni ad limina dell’Arcidiocesi di Napoli in età moderna Introduzione, testo e note a cura di MICHELE MIELE In copertina: Facciata della Cattedrale di Napoli (© Luciano Pedicini / Archivio dell’Arte). Nel testo: Ritratti degli arcivescovi di Napoli affrescati nella sagrestia della Cattedrale. CAMPANIA SACRA Rivista di Storia Sociale e Religiosa del Mezzogiorno Pubblicazione semestrale della Pontificia Facoltà Teologica dell’Italia Meridionale Sezione S. Tommaso d’Aquino - Napoli Direttore Redazione Michele Miele Viale Colli Aminei, 2 - 80131 NAPOLI (Italia) Tel. +39 081 7410000 (int. 335) - Fax 7437580 Direttore responsabile E-mail [email protected] Domenico Ambrasi Editore Consiglio di Redazione VERBUM FERENS Srl Giuliana Boccadamo, Aldo Caserta, Largo Donnaregina, 22 - 80138 Napoli Elvira Chiosi, Giuseppe Falanga, Antonio Illibato, Ulderico Parente, Autorizzazione del Tribunale di Napoli Francesco Russo Russo n. 3804 del 27-10-1988 Sigle e abbreviazioni ASDN Archivio Storico Diocesano, Napoli. ASV Archivio Segreto Vaticano, Città del Vaticano. Congr. Concilio Congregazione del Concilio (nell’ASV). CS Campania Sacra, Napoli. DBI Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Roma 1960ss. DHGE Dictionnaire d’Histoire et de Géographie Ecclésiasti- que, Paris 1909ss. EC Enciclopedia Cattolica, Città del Vaticano, 1959-1964. Hier. Cath. Hierarchia Catholica, III-VI, a cura di C. Eubel ecc., Monasterii-Patavii, 1923-1958. Msi J. D. MANSI, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, Florentiae-Venetiis-Parisiis-Lipsiae 1759-1927. Relat. Dioec. Relationes Dioecesium (già Relationes ad limina), in Congr. Concilio. MICHELE MIELE Premessa Le relazioni ad limina sono ben note agli storici di Napoli e dell’arcidio- cesi omonima. Basta pensare all’uso che ne ha fatto Romeo De Maio, il più as- siduo nell’utilizzarne i testi 1. Ma questo non è sufficiente per escludere l’op- portunità di una loro pubblicazione integrale a beneficio degli studiosi che in futuro vorranno servirsene. E ciò per una serie di motivi. Mi limito a enumerarne tre. Anzitutto, per- ché altro è per uno studioso disporre di questa o quella fonte o di qualche brano tratto da esse, altro contare su un testo completo, meglio ancora su tutta una serie di testi completi di un’intera epoca: utilizzare questo o quel te- sto a carattere frammentario, più o meno avulso dal contesto in cui è inserito, non può essere considerato l’ideale, anche se tante volte lo storico non può fare diversamente; l’approccio sistematico e globale a una serie di documenti riguardanti i tempi lunghi, invece, fa sì che si possano fare i conti con un tipo di fonte dotata nel suo genere di una certa completezza, di una connotazione specifica delineata con chiarezza. In secondo luogo, perché i brani tratti dal- le singole relazioni o i semplici rinvii a esse non hanno talora avuto il sup- porto della necessaria precisione archivistica, a cominciare dalla data in cui le relative relazioni cui si è fatto riferimento vennero redatte o presentate al- la Congregazione del Concilio 2. In terzo luogo, perché il ruolo della diocesi 1 Soprattutto in Le origini del Seminario di Napoli (contributo alla storia napoletana del Cinquecento), Napoli 1958, e in Società e vita religiosa a Napoli nell’età moderna (1656-1799), Napoli 1971 [d’ora in poi DE MAIO]. 2 Nel secondo dei due volumi della nota precedente si parla tra l’altro di relazioni napoletane ad limina degli anni 1673, 1720, 1764, 1770, 1791, 1795. Si tratta in realtà delle relazioni relative al 1672, al 1730, al 1765, al 1772, al 1790 e al 1794, come è provato dal fatto che l’autore cita poi passi che si riscontrano nelle relazioni riguardanti questi ultimi anni. L. Osbat, nella voce dedicata a I. Caracciolo (nel DBI, XIX, Roma 1976, 401), parla di tre relazioni ad limina da ascrivere a tale cardinale arcivescovo: quella del 1670, quella del 1672 e quella del 1683. In realtà solo la seconda 6 PREMESSA della Capitale e dei suoi arcivescovi superava di gran lunga, per vari motivi fa- cilmente intuibili, quello di qualunque altra circoscrizione ecclesiastica me- ridionale, il che fa supporre che le relative relazioni inviate a Roma non pote- vano, per una ragione o l’altra, non coinvolgere pure altre diocesi del Mezzo- giorno, altri enti religiosi che avevano la loro sede principale nell’ambito del- la sua circoscrizione ma erano ancorati nel Regno di Napoli anche altrove, lo stesso governo civile e le sue numerose diramazioni. Come si fa, tra l’altro, a non tener conto del fatto che le diocesi del Regno erano portate ad avere sempre sotto gli occhi il modello metropolitano di Napoli e che molti loro ve- scovi provenivano proprio dal suo clero? 3. Non va trascurato poi il ruolo del tribunale della curia della Capitale, che fungeva da tribunale di appello per le altre diocesi meridionali. Disporre per una lunga serie di anni dei testi integrali riguardanti i rap- porti ufficiali con Roma redatti dall’arcivescovo di Napoli o dai suoi rappre- sentanti e conoscere con precisione la data in cui vennero presentati signifi- ca, inoltre, poter prendere in considerazione anche quei brani che non han- no mai richiamato finora l’attenzione degli storici e confrontarli tra loro; in secondo luogo, essere assolutamente sicuri nell’uso che se ne intende fare ri- spetto agli avvenimenti cui si riferiscono; in terzo luogo, potersene servire anche nello studio delle altre realtà del Sud interessate al modo come il cen- tro ecclesiastico del Regno si autopresentava agli occhi della Santa Sede. Queste ragioni valgono, in certo modo, anche per le relazioni i cui respon- sabili non fecero che ripetere quasi alla lettera, su alcuni punti almeno, ciò che avevano già scritto essi stessi o i loro predecessori più o meno immediati. Il fenomeno è significativo ma meno esteso di quanto si pensi, come verrà chia- rito nell’Introduzione. Nelle note ai testi delle relazioni vere e proprie ho cercato di privilegia- re le fonti archivistiche 4 e, per il resto, di limitarmi allo stretto necessario, e la terza data hanno un corrispettivo archivistico. La relazione del 1670 va sostituita con quella del 1680. 3 Cf. U. DOVERE, Il buon governo del clero. Cultura e religione nella Napoli di antico regime, Roma 2010, 156. Va però tenuto presente l’intero volume con la sua ampia rassegna dei problemi del clero napoletano tra il Concilio di Trento e la fine del Settecento. 4 Le Relationes ad limina napoletane conservate nei due scatoli dell’ASV, cui si farà riferimento in seguito, sono contrassegnate da una paginazione continua a matita, assegnata ai fogli di recente. PREMESSA 7 pur rendendomi conto che non esiste un criterio oggettivo universale su ciò cui quest’espressione si riferisce. In altri termini, nelle note ho inteso chiarire solo ciò che avrebbe fatto perdere allo studioso interessato un prezioso tempo materiale per essere illuminato su determinati nomi o episodi particolari. Non, quindi, ciò che avrebbe richiesto un’esauriente trattazione, da cercare in lavori appositi, o dovrà essere approfondito direttamente da chi studierà i testi che qui presentati. Aggiungo qualche indicazione di massima riguardo alla trascrizione dei manoscritti rinvenuti in archivio. Anzitutto, ho preferito di solito sciogliere le ab- breviazioni, ma non uniformare le locuzioni usate dai vari relatori, che spesso non si allineano a coloro che li precedono e, talora, si diversificano all’interno delle stesse loro relazioni 5. Ho poi limitato molto l’uso delle maiuscole. Ho infine optato per la punteggiatura di tipo moderno. Esprimo qui tutta la mia gratitudine a quanti mi hanno incoraggiato e aiu- tato in questa fatica. Anzitutto agli addetti dell’Archivio Segreto Vaticano che, in tempi diversi, mi hanno prestato tutto il loro prezioso servizio mettendo a mia disposizione i testi che ora pubblico. Mi sento ancora più debitore verso quanti, e sono tanti, hanno avuto la pazienza di rispondere alle mie domande che sorgevano in corso d’opera e di darmi preziosi consigli. Devo infine mol- to ad alcuni amici e colleghi nel lavoro di ricerca storica, in particolare a Ugo Dovere, Giuliana Boccadamo, Gianni Romeo e Ulderico Parente, che, oltre a essermi stati sempre vicini con i loro incoraggiamenti e suggerimenti fraterni, hanno dovuto sobbarcarsi all’incombenza di leggere pazientemente, in tutto o in parte, le bozze del volume che ora vede la luce. MICHELE MIELE Si è scartata l’idea di far riferimento anche alla paginazione orginaria, molto frammentaria, cosa che avrebbe avuto la sua utilità per la ricostruzione della collocazione che ogni relazione ebbe in prece- denza. La cosa avrebbe però creato molta confusione nei lettori. 5 L’incertezza riguarda soprattutto i dittonghi. Introduzione LE RELAZIONI NAPOLETANE AD LIMINA E ALCUNE CHIAVI DI LETTURA DEI LORO TESTI 1. Le relazioni ad limina come fonte storica I testi che seguono appartengono a un determinato genere letterario: quel- lo tipico dei rapporti ufficiali presentati da determinate persone alle autorità costituite in circostanze per lo più già previste in precedenza. Ci si chiede: chi garantisce che gli autori dei rapporti siano stati all’altezza del loro compito e soprattutto non siano stati distratti da interessi di parte, interessi che li spin- sero a presentare ai loro superiori situazioni che si scostavano, in una forma più o meno significativa, dai termini in cui esse si presentavano
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