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DISPENSATION and ECONOMY in the Law Governing the Church Of DISPENSATION AND ECONOMY in the law governing the Church of England William Adam Dissertation submitted in part fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of Wales Cardiff Law School 2009 UMI Number: U585252 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U585252 Published by ProQuest LLC 2013. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 CONTENTS SUMMARY............................................................................................................................................................IV ACKNOWLEDGMENTS..................................................................................................................................VI ABBREVIATIONS............................................................................................................................................VII TABLE OF STATUTES AND MEASURES............................................................................................ VIII U K A c t s o f P a r l i a m e n t ...............................................................................................................................................................v iii C h u r c h A s s e m b l y a n d G e n e r a l S y n o d M e a s u r e s ...................................................................................................ix TABLE OF CASES...............................................................................................................................................X INTRODUCTION AND DEFINITION OF TERMS....................................................................................1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 1 Review of Literature on Dispensation and Economy................................................................................4 The Structure o f the Thesis...........................................................................................................................5 PART I - DISPENSATION AND ECONOMY - DEVELOPMENT IN THE WESTERN AND EASTERN CHURCHES.......................................................................................................................................7 C h a p t e r 1 - T h e D e v e l o p m e n t o f D ispensation a n d E c o n o m y in t h e E a r l y C h u r c h ....................7 Patristic examples of the use of economy or dispensation: Reconciliation o f heretical and schismatic groups..........................................................................................................................................10 Other examples..............................................................................................................................................13 Conclusion..................................................................................................................................................... 14 C h a p t e r 2 - T h e D e v e l o p m e n t o f D ispensation in t h e W e s t ..............................................................................15 Dispensation and Determination............................................................................................................... 16 Dispensation, desuetude and custom.........................................................................................................16 The Authority to Dispense...........................................................................................................................17 The codification o f the law on dispensations...........................................................................................18 Cases in which dispensations were granted.............................................................................................19 Dispensations concerning clergy and religious...................................................................................... 20 Dispensations concerning marriage and divorce................................................................................... 21 Dispensation as removal of penances....................................................................................................... 23 Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................................24 C h a p t e r 3 - D ispensation in t h e C ontemporary R o m a n C a t h o l ic C h u r c h ........................................ 2 5 Dispensations in the CIC............................................................................................................................ 28 Dispensations concerning Marriage......................................................................................................... 29 Dispensations concerning Ordination...................................................................................................... 31 Dispensation in the work o f Joseph J Koury............................................................................................34 Conclusions...................................................................................................................................................38 C h a p t e r 4 - E c o n o m y in t h e E a s t s in c e 1 0 5 4 ..................................................................................................................4 0 Seeking a definition o f economy.................................................................................................................40 Views of economy in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.................................................................43 Who may grant economy?...........................................................................................................................48 Other cases in which economy is granted................................................................................................ 49 The Consequences o f Economy.................................................................................................................. 50 Conclusions...................................................................................................................................................50 C h a p t e r 5 - T h e U s e o f E c o n o m y in A n g l i c a n -O r t h o d o x r e l a t io n s .........................................................52 Nineteenth Century Dialogue..................................................................................................................... 52 John Douglas, The Christian East and Orthodox Politics 1900-1948.................................................53 Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................... 59 PART II - DISCRETION AND DISPENSATION IN ENGLISH LAW ............................................... 60 C h a p t e r 6 - D isc r e t io n a n d D ispensation in E n g l is h L a w ................................................................................ 6 0 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................. 60 Equity.............................................................................................................................................................60 The Stuart Kings and the Bill o f Rights .................................................................................................... 63 Royal Prerogative after 1688.....................................................................................................................65 Discretion...................................................................................................................................................... 67 Ministerial Dispensations............................................................................................................................70 Marriage Validity Orders ............................................................................................................................70 Tax Concessions............................................................................................................................................71 Conclusion..................................................................................................................................................... 73 PART III - THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND................................................................................................ 76 C h a p t e r 7 - D ispensation in t h e C h u r c h o f E n g l a n d ............................................................................................76 The Development of Dispensing Power since The Ecclesiastical Licences Act 1533........................ 76 Plurality
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