CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE G - Izquierdo, Sebastiano by James Strong & John Mcclintock
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THE AGES DIGITAL LIBRARY REFERENCE CYCLOPEDIA of BIBLICAL, THEOLOGICAL and ECCLESIASTICAL LITERATURE G - Izquierdo, Sebastiano by James Strong & John McClintock To the Students of the Words, Works and Ways of God: Welcome to the AGES Digital Library. We trust your experience with this and other volumes in the Library fulfills our motto and vision which is our commitment to you: MAKING THE WORDS OF THE WISE AVAILABLE TO ALL — INEXPENSIVELY. AGES Software Rio, WI USA Version 1.0 © 2000 2 G Gabata (or Gabbatha) Picture for Gabata properly a bowl; hence a pensile lamp of similar form, for a church, made of different metals-gold, silver, brass, and electrum. These lamps were frequently embossed, or decorated in bass-relief, and ornamented with lilies, heads of gryphons or lions, or even fashioned in the form of these animals. Like the corone used for lighting, they very often had crosses. attached to them. Gabbai, Isaac ibn- a Jewish writer, who flourished at Leghorn at the beginning of the 17th century, is the author of tjn ãk or, a commentary on the Mishna (Venice, 1614, and often). See Furst, Bibl. Jud. 1:311; Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon, s.v. B.P.) Gabbai, Meir ibn- a Jewish writer of Italy, in the 16th century, is the author of, hnwma ˆrd , a cabalistic work, which treats of the ten sephiroth (Iadua, 1563; latest edition, by Goldberg, Berlin, 1850): çdqh tdb[, also µyhla twarm, a cabalisticophilosophical work (Mantua, 1545): — bq[y t[lwt, cabalistic explanations of the Jewish prayers (Constantinople, 1560). See De' Rossi, Dizionario Storico (Germ. transl.), page 107 sq.; Furst, Bibl. Jud. 1:311 sq. (B.P.) Gabriel, Festival Of is celebrated by the Greek Church on March 26, in honor of the archangel Gabriel. Another holy day, called the Festival of Sts. Gabriel and Michael, is held in honor of the two archangels, on November 1, by the Greek Church. 3 Gabriel (surnamed Severus) a Greek prelate, born in Monembasia in 1577, was ordained bishop of Philadelphia, at Constantinople, by the patriarch Jeremiah. Seeing that his church containedt few Greeks, he withdrew to Venice, where he was bishop of the Greeks living there. His writings were published by Simon, under the title, Fides Ecclesiae Orientalis (in Greek, and Latin, 1671). They comprise two treatises, one relating to the sacraments, the other entitled Apologia, published for the first time at Venice in 1600. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v. Gabrielli a heretical prelate, lived in the latter half of the 17th century. He belonged to the Roman branch of the Gabrielli family. Actions both foul and strange have been imputed to him, such as making sacrifices of human blood at the reunions of his friends. Francis Picchitelli, called also Cecco Foligname, had been sent to assassinate the marquis of Buffalo, but the emissary being seized, exposed his accomplices, among them Gabrielli, who was confined in a convent of Monte Cassino, and deprived of his income. Afterwards he was conducted to the chateau of Perugia by the order of Innocent XI. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v. Gabrielli, Giovanni Maria an Italian cardinal, was born at Citta-da-Castello, January 10, 1654, and died September 17, 1711. He is known as the apologist of cardinal Sfondrati's works. See Jocher, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon, s.v.; Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v. (B.P.) Gabrielli, Giulio an Italian prelate, was born at Rome, August 20, 1748; became bishop of Sinigaglia, and cardinal-priest, February 23, 1801, and on March 27, 1808, pro-secretary of state under Pius VII. On account of his incessant recriminations, Gabrielli was arrested by order of Napoleon, and on June 17 was superseded by cardinal Pecca. After the removal of the pope; Gabrielli went to France, and was banished to Saumur. In 1813 he was permitted, with several other cardinals, to accompany the pope to Fontainebleau. He afterwards returned to Rome, where he was likely to be elected pope, but died in 1822. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v. 4 Gabrino, Augustino an Italian fanatic, was born at Brescia, and lived in the latter half of the 17th century. He was chief of a sect of fanatics called the Chevaliers of the Apocalypse. He declared his intention of defending the Catholic Phurch against the antichrist whose reign he believed to be approaching. He gave as ensigns to 'his followers a sabre and staff of command in the form of a cross, a sparkling star, and the names of three angels. Gabriel, Michael, and Raphael, upon their clothing. They numbered about twenty-four, mostly artisans. On Palm Sunday of 1694, Gabrino rushed, sword in hand, upon the ecclesiastics, claiming their homage. He was accordingly imprisoned as a madman. A number of his. proselytes were arrested upon the confessions of one of them, and the rest dispersed. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v. Gack, Georg Christoph a Lutheran theologian, was born at Hof, in Bavaria, in 1793, and died at Sulzbach in 1851. He wrote, De Presbyteriorum Constitutione, etc. (Sulzbach, 1823): — Geschichte des Herzogthums Sulzbacch (Leipsic, 1847). See Winer, Handbuch der theol. Lit. 2:19, 215; Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. 1:399. (B.P.) Gadara Picture for Gadera (now Um-Keis). For a recent and full ac count of the present condition of this interesting site see Merrill, East of the Jordan (N.Y. 1881), page 145 sq. Gadsden,. Christopher P., D.D. a Protestant Episcopal clergyman, was assistant minister in Charleston, S.C., for many years, until 1859, when he became rector of St. Luke's Church in that city. He was a member of the standing committee of his diocese, a member of the board of missions to the colored men and freedmen of South Carolina, and a deputy to the General Convention. He died July 24, 1871, aged forty-five years. See Prot. Episc. Almanac, 1872, page 127. 5 Gaelic Version Of The Scriptures This language is spoken in the Highlands and Western Isles of Scotland. It was not till the year 1767 that a New Test. in the Gaelic tongue was provided for the Scotch. Highlanders in the translation of the Rev. James Stuart of Killin. The work was published at the expense of the Society in Scotland for Promoting Christian Knowledge. The first edition consisted of 10,000 copies, and a larger edition of 21,500 copies was issued by the same society in 1796. The next step of the society was to obtain a Gaelic version of the Old Test. To, facilitate the work, the Old Test. was divided into fourparts, two of which were allotted to the Reverend Dr. John Stuart, of Luss, the son of the translator of the New Test.; a third part, also, afterwards fell to his share, although it had in the first instance been executed by another hand. The remaining fourth part, consisting of the prophetical books, was translated by the Reverend Dr. Smith, of Campbelltown, and, on its completion, was found to differ altogether in style and execution from the other portion of the Bible translated by Dr. Stuart. The whole version was completed for the press in 1801. In consequence of many complaints concerning the discrepancy in style between the prophetical and the other books, the society resolved in their next edition to subject the prophetical books to a thorough revision,, that they might be rendered conformable to the other parts of the version. This plan was effected in 1807, and 20,000 copies of the Old together with the New Test. were printed at Glasgow, under the care of the Reverend Alexander Stewart, of Dingwall. In the same year the British and Foreign Bible Society published, in London, an edition, consisting of 20,000 Bibles and 10,000 Testaments, but not being sufficient to satisfy the urgent demands for more copies, from time to time other editions followed. The total number of Gaelic Bibles; and Testaments printed by the British and Foreigic Bible Society up to March 31, 1884, was 160,126. This number, however, does not include a supply of 50,500 Bibles and Testaments furnished to the Highlanders by other societies between 1810 and 1829. See Bible of Every Land, page 158. (B.P.) Gaetano, Antonio an Italian prelate, was born in 1566. He was archbishop of Capua, for several years nuncio at Vienna and Madrid, and died in 1624. He was learned, and handled satire with much ability. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v. 6 Gaetano, Bonifacio an Italian prelate, was bishop of Cassano in 1599, vice-legate of Urban, cardinal in 1606,, archbishop of Tarentum in 1613, and finally legate of Romagna. He died June 29, 1617, leaving some sermons. See Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s.v. Gagarin, Ivan S. a Jesuit, was born in Russia in 1814. For some time he, held an appointment in the Russian diplomatic service, and joined his order in 1843. Afterwards he devoted a good deal of attention to the differences between the Eastern and Western churches, and published as the result of his studies a considerable number of books and brochures in the Freich language, the best known of these being, Le Cllergy Russe: — Les Eglises d'Orient: — Le Pape: — L'Eglise Russe et les Rascolniks: — Les Jesuites en Russie. He cooperated with some of his countrymen in founding the excellent Slavonic library in Paris, known as the Musee Slave, which, since the expulsion of the Jesuits from France, in 1880, has been located in the Rue de Sevres. Gagarin died at Paris, July 20, 1882. (B.P.) Gagliardi, Achille an Italian Jesuit, who died at Modena, July 6, 1607, is the author of Breve Compendio Intorno alla Professione Christiana: — De Disciplina Hominis: — Explicatio Instituti Societatis Jesu: — l’Meditationes pro Omnibus Hominum Statibus.