1 MUS 130H: the Psychology of Music (ST) Course Syllabus Spring

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

1 MUS 130H: the Psychology of Music (ST) Course Syllabus Spring MUS 130H: The Psychology of Music (ST) Course Syllabus Spring, 2015 Course Meeting Time: MWF 12:50-1:50 PM Location: Patterson Hall (PH) 53 Professor: Dr. Daniel Perttu Associate Professor of Music Chair, Department of Music Music Theory/Composition Area Head Office: Patterson Hall Studio E Office Hours: Posted on my board outside of my office door Office Phone: 724-946-7024 E-mail: [email protected] Course Description: This course considers human behavior from both the psychological and musical perspectives. As an Honors course, this class investigates the following topics with more intense rigor and requires students to work more independently on synthesizing and evaluating current knowledge pertaining to the psychology of music. The course explores why music exists, why people listen to music, how people understand music, and how social relationships influence musical tastes. In particular, MUS 130 covers theories on the evolutionary origins of music, musical development, music and the brain, music and emotion, the role of music in our everyday lives, social influences on musical tastes, composers with psychological disorders, and a brief introduction to music therapy. Recognizing that creativity is a crucial component of original thinking not only in music, but in all fields, students will investigate the psychological processes and dynamics of musical creativity. This course is open to all majors across the college and therefore no musical talent or experience is necessary. Course outcomes: Students will gain knowledge of how music is perceived, how music is understood, why emotional reactions to music occur and what causes them, and the psychological factors that affect music performance. Students will understand how social and cultural contexts influence music cognition, emotional responses to music, and social responses to music performance. Students will perceive how individual differences in personality, particularly in the realm of risk tolerance and levels of anxiety, will affect musical preferences. Students will develop critical thinking skills by reading about studies that use the scientific method and empirical research methods. Students will develop oral communication skills by presenting on a topic concerning the scholarly study of creativity and by discussing readings and controversial topics pertaining to the psychology of music in class. 1 Students will develop written communication skills by writing about the aesthetic integrity of various pieces of music, and by designing and analyzing a mock study on a topic of their choice that pertains to the psychology of music Grading: 1. Class Participation (5 percent) 2. Review questions from readings (20 percent) 3. Oral Presentation on excerpt from Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention (10 percent) 4. Two midterm exams (10 percent each x 2 = 20 percent total) 5. Paper I (10 percent) 6. Paper II (15 percent) 7. Cumulative Final Exam, but with emphasis on last portion of course (20 percent) Grading Scale: Grading Scale: 93-100 A 73-76 C 90-92 A- 70-72 C- 87-89 B+ 67-69 D+ 83-86 B 63-66 D 80-82 B- 60-62 D- 77-79 C+ Below 60 F Note on due dates and late work: All written assignments are due at the beginning of the class period, or on my.westminster as directed, unless I say otherwise. Late assignments are not accepted, unless the student has missed class due to an excused absence. In addition, homework assignments will not be accepted after class. Likewise, a missed test will count as a zero percent, unless the student has missed due to an excused absence. This course follows the policy regarding exams and excused absences that is outlined in the Westminster College Undergraduate Catalogue. Textbooks: To Be Purchased: Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly. Creativity: Flow and the Psychology of Discovery and Invention. New York: HarperCollins, 1996. Thompson, William Forde. Music, Thought, and Feeling: Understanding the Psychology of Music, 2nd Edition. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. On Reserve in Music Library: Hallam, Susan, et al. The Oxford Handbook of Music Psychology. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009. 2 Attendance Policy: The attendance policy in this course follows the College policy, which is outlined in the Westminster College Undergraduate Catalogue. Students are expected to attend all classes. Research has shown that performing well in a course is associated with high attendance. Students should be aware that “showing up” is highly valued not only in this course and College, but in the workforce and society in general. I will not accept any assignments from students who have missed class due to an unexcused absence. In addition, I will not re-teach—either in class or during office hours—material missed due to an unexcused absence. I may excuse absences for the following reasons: course-related field trips; illness that is documented by a doctor’s note (not including the “self-reported sick in room” notice from the Student Health Center); death or serious illness in the immediate family as is verified by someone other than the student; appearance in court; co-curricular and extracurricular activities recognized and/or sponsored by the College; or another extraordinary reason as deemed appropriate by me. Students must make arrangements with me regarding the completion of missed work from excused absences. E-mail and Computer Use: I will be e-mailing students in the course critical information and will also be posting important files to network accounts. This course will also use the my.westminster Learning Management System (LMS). Students are required to use the Westminster.edu e-mail account and the LMS. In addition, students are required to check e-mail with reasonable frequency, typically every day, as important course updates may occur via e-mail rather than in class, in an effort to preserve valuable class time. If e-mail accounts are too full or over quota, I will not resend e-mails; students are required to monitor the quotas on their accounts. Academic Honesty: I use TurnItIn.com to check papers for plagiarism if I suspect any. In addition, the standards in this course conform to the College’s policy, which states: “Academic dishonesty is a profound violation of the expected code of behavior. It can take several forms including, but not limited to, plagiarism, cheating, misrepresentation of facts or experimental results, unauthorized use of or intentional intrusion into another’s computer files and/or programs, intentional damage to a computer system, and unauthorized use of library materials and privileges. Academic dishonesty in any of these forms will not be tolerated. Students who engage in academic dishonesty face penalties such as failure in the course involved or expulsion from the College. All instances of academic dishonesty will be reported to the Dean of the College.” Student Support Services and Special Accommodations: Students who have special needs that may affect their academic or personal life should seek resources on campus to assist them, such as Disability Support, the Learning Center, Diversity Services, and Library Instruction. In this course, accommodations consistent with college policy will be made for students who are utilizing appropriate support services. After consulting with the appropriate support service, students are encouraged to speak with me in a confidential appointment about necessary accommodations. Note on Cellphone Use: Cellphones must be silenced during class. 3 TENTATIVE SCHEDULE OF TOPICS AND ASSIGNMENTS (subject to change): NOTE: TH refers to readings from the Thompson textbook (purchased), and HA refers to readings from the Hallam textbook (on reserve in music library). Week 1: 1/12-1/16 The Origins and Functions of Music Music and evolution o TH pp. 18-34 (including all of p. 34) Universals in music processing o TH pp. 77-85 Discussion of implications for aesthetic evaluations o HA pp. 151-157 Week 2: 1/21-1-23 NO CLASS on 1/19 (Martin Luther King Day) The Origins and Functions of Music (cont.) Music and meaning o HA pp. 24-32 Cross-cultural studies of social and personal functions of music o HA pp. 35-42 Week 3: 1/26-1/30 Musical Development Overview of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology relevant to music psychology o TH pp. 134-140 Prenatal development o TH pp. 108-111 Studies of infants o TH pp. 111-119 Week 4: 2/2-2/6 Musical Development (cont.) Studies of children and the effects of music instruction on other skills o HA pp. 235-239; TH pp. 303-324 o Also, you may read TH pp. 296-303 for additional information on the “Mozart Effect,” but this is not required Music and adolescence MIDTERM 1 on Friday, 2/6 Week 5: 2/9-2/13 Music Perception, Cognition, and Memory Neurobiological foundations of music cognition Perception of pitch o TH pp. 46-62 Perception of timbre 4 o TH pp. 64-71 Week 6: 2/16-2/20 Music Perception, Cognition, and Memory (cont.) Perception of musical time o TH pp. 95-105; do not read “Rhythm in Music and Speech” yet Components of melodic processing o TH pp. 119-128 Music and language o TH p. 105 “Rhythm in Music and Speech” Week 7: 2/23-2/27 Music Perception, Cognition, and Memory (cont.) Music and memory; memorization o HA pp. 107-115; HA pp. 352-357 Music and brain plasticity o HA pp. 197-205 PAPER I DUE on 2/27 Week 8: 3/2-3/6 Musical Learning and Intelligence Musical potential and practicing o TH pp. 238-239 Motivation for musical learning and family support o HA pp. 285-292 Musical performance o TH pp. 240-242; TH pp. 265-266 March 9 through March 15: Spring Break; No Classes Week 9: 3/16-3/20 Musical Learning, Intelligence, and Creativity (cont.) Anxiety and musical performance o HA pp.
Recommended publications
  • Statistical Techniques in Music Psychology: an Update
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Goldsmiths Research Online Statistical techniques in music psychology: An update Daniel M¨ullensiefen 1 Introduction Music psychology as a discipline has its origins at the end of the 19th century and ever since then, empirical methods have been a core part in this field of research. While its experimental and analytical methods have mainly been related to methodology employed in general psychology, several statistical techniques have emerged over the course of the past century being specific for empirical research in music psychology. These core methods have been described in a few didactic and summarising publications at several stages of the discipline’s history (see e.g. Wundt, 1882; B¨ottcher & Kerner, 1978; Windsor, 2001, or Beran, 2004 for a very technical overview), and these publications have been valuable resources to students and researchers alike. In contrast to these texts with a rather didactical focus, the objective of this chapter is to provide an overview of a range of novel statistical techniques that have been employed in recent years in music psychology research.1 This overview will give enough insight into each technique as such. The interested reader will then have to turn to the original publications, to obtain a more in-depth knowledge of the details related to maths and the field of application. Empirical research into auditory perception and the psychology of music might have its beginnings in the opening of the psychological laboratory by Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig in 1879 where experiments on human perception were conducted, and standards for empirical research and analysis were developed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Music on Studying Ability in College Students
    College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day Undergraduate Research 4-26-2018 The Impact of Music on Studying Ability in College Students Nathaniel T. Lutmer College of Saint Benedict/Saint John's University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/ur_cscday Part of the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Lutmer, Nathaniel T., "The Impact of Music on Studying Ability in College Students" (2018). Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day. 39. https://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/ur_cscday/39 This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Celebrating Scholarship and Creativity Day by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@CSB/SJU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 1 RUNNING HEAD: MUSIC AND STUDYING ABILITY The Impact of Music on Studying Ability in College Students Nathaniel T. Lutmer College of St. Benedict and Saint John’s University Author Note Nathaniel T. Lutmer, Department of Psychology, College of Saint Benedict and Saint John’s University Corresponding concerns regarding this article should be addressed to Nathaniel Lutmer, Department of Psychology, College of St. Benedict and Saint John’s University, Collegeville, MN 56321 Contact: [email protected] 2 RUNNING HEAD: MUSIC AND STUDYING ABILITY Abstract This study investigates the relationship between listening to music and studying ability in college students. This study was conducted by utilizing a convenience sampling technique to have participants partake in the study. Each participant was randomly assigned to either a control or one of two experimental groups based on block-random assignment.
    [Show full text]
  • An Introduction to Music Studies Pdf, Epub, Ebook
    AN INTRODUCTION TO MUSIC STUDIES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Jim Samson,J. P. E. Harper-Scott | 310 pages | 31 Jan 2009 | CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS | 9780521603805 | English | Cambridge, United Kingdom An Introduction to Music Studies PDF Book To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. An analysis of sociomusicology, its issues; and the music and society in Hong Kong. Critical Entertainments: Music Old and New. Other Editions 6. The examination measures knowledge of facts and terminology, an understanding of concepts and forms related to music theory for example: pitch, dynamics, rhythm, melody , types of voices, instruments, and ensembles, characteristics, forms, and representative composers from the Middle Ages to the present, elements of contemporary and non-Western music, and the ability to apply this knowledge and understanding in audio excerpts from musical compositions. An Introduction to Music Studies by J. She has been described by the Harvard Gazette as "one of the world's most accomplished and admired music historians". The job market for tenure track professor positions is very competitive. You should have a passion for music and a strong interest in developing your understanding of music and ability to create it. D is the standard minimum credential for tenure track professor positions. Historical studies of music are for example concerned with a composer's life and works, the developments of styles and genres, e. Mus or a B. For other uses, see Musicology disambiguation. More Details Refresh and try again. Goodreads helps you keep track of books you want to read. These models were established not only in the field of physical anthropology , but also cultural anthropology.
    [Show full text]
  • SEM Student News Vol. 7
    SEM{STUDENTNEWS} The Society for Ethnomusicology’s only publication run by students, for students. IN THIS ISSUE Ethnomusicology + Inter/disciplinarity Letter from the President 1 Student Union Update 3 The State of the Field 4 Dear SEM 6 Job Seeking Outside Academia 8 Volume 7 | Fall/Winter 2013 Volume Ethnomusicology, Jazz Education + Record Production 9 Conceptualizing Global Music Education 11 Expanding the Reach of Ethnomusicology 12 Join your peers by Ethnomusicology ++ : A Bibliography 13 ‘liking’ us on Facebook and get Our Staff 17 the latest updates and calls for submissions! Disciplinarity and Interdisciplinarity in Ethnomusicology a letter from the president of sem The choice of interdisciplinarity as anthropologists concerned with study of a set of natural-kind the theme of this issue of SEM music as a cultural phenomenon things-in-the-world (such as Student News usefully returns a were an important driving force in invertebrates or stars or minds) but longstanding concern of our field the foundation of our field. But rather as a group of people to the spotlight of critical ethnomusicology’s history has working in concord or conflict to attention. From ethnomusicology’s always been more complex and far try to grapple with some facet of founding in the early twentieth ranging than that, with scholars existence. Why, for example, are century through the nineteen- from a wide array of backgrounds sociology (the study, perhaps, of eighties at least, it had been a making contributions to our society) and anthropology (the truism that our field operates at literature, and that is even more study of humanity) different the intersection of anthropology true today.
    [Show full text]
  • The Psychology of Music Haverford College Psychology 303
    The Psychology of Music Haverford College Psychology 303 Instructor: Marilyn Boltz Office: Sharpless 407 Contact Info: 610-896-1235 or [email protected] Office Hours: before class and by appointment Course Description Music is a human universal that has been found throughout history and across different cultures of the world. Why, then, is music so ubiquitous and what functions does it serve? The intent of this course is to examine this question from multiple psychological perspectives. Within a biological framework, it is useful to consider the evolutionary origins of music, its neural substrates, and the development of music processing. The field of cognitive psychology raises questions concerning the relationship between music and language, and music’s ability to communicate emotive meaning that may influence visual processing and body movement. From the perspectives of social and personality psychology, music can be argued to serve a number of social functions that, on a more individual level, contribute to a sense of self and identity. Lastly, musical behavior will be considered in a number of applied contexts that include consumer behavior, music therapy, and the medical environment. Prerequisites: Psychology 100, 200, and at least one advanced 200-level course. Biological Perspectives A. Evolutionary Origins of Music When did music evolve in the overall evolutionary scheme of events and why? Does music serve any adaptive purposes or is it, as some have argued, merely “auditory cheesecake”? What types of evidence allows us to make inferences about the origins of music? Reading: Thompson, W.F. (2009). Origins of Music. In W.F. Thompson, Music, thought, and feeling: Understanding the psychology of music.
    [Show full text]
  • Cognitive Science and the Cultural Nature of Music
    Topics in Cognitive Science 4 (2012) 668–677 Copyright Ó 2012 Cognitive Science Society, Inc. All rights reserved. ISSN: 1756-8757 print / 1756-8765 online DOI: 10.1111/j.1756-8765.2012.01216.x Cognitive Science and the Cultural Nature of Music Ian Cross Faculty of Music, University of Cambridge Received 5 September 2010; received in revised form 8 June 2012; accepted 8 June 2012 Abstract The vast majority of experimental studies of music to date have explored music in terms of the processes involved in the perception and cognition of complex sonic patterns that can elicit emotion. This paper argues that this conception of music is at odds both with recent Western musical scholar- ship and with ethnomusicological models, and that it presents a partial and culture-specific represen- tation of what may be a generic human capacity. It argues that the cognitive sciences must actively engage with the problems of exploring music as manifested and conceived in the broad spectrum of world cultures, not only to elucidate the diversity of music in mind but also to identify potential commonalities that could illuminate the relationships between music and other domains of thought and behavior. Keywords: Music; Learning; Processing; Ethnomusicology; Culture 1. The cognitive science and neuroscience of music The study of music learning and processing seems to present a rich set of complex chal- lenges in the auditory domain, drawing on psychoacoustic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuro- scientific approaches. Music appears to manifest itself as complex and time-ordered sequences of sonic events varying in pitch, loudness, and timbre that are capable of eliciting emotion.
    [Show full text]
  • Music Education and Music Psychology: What‟S the Connection? Research Studies in Music Education
    Music Psychology and Music Education: What’s the connection? By: Donald A. Hodges Hodges, D. (2003) Music education and music psychology: What‟s the connection? Research Studies in Music Education. 21, 31-44. Made available courtesy of SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD: http://rsm.sagepub.com/ ***Note: Figures may be missing from this format of the document Abstract: Music psychology is a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary study of the phenomenon of music. The multidisciplinary nature of the field is found in explorations of the anthropology of music, the sociology of music, the biology of music, the physics of music, the philosophy of music, and the psychology of music. Interdisciplinary aspects are found in such combinatorial studies as psychoacoustics (e.g., music perception), psychobiology (e.g., the effects of music on the immune system), or social psychology (e.g., the role of music in social relationships). The purpose of this article is to explore connections between music psychology and music education. Article: ‘What does music psychology have to do with music education?’ S poken in a harsh, accusatory tone (with several expletives deleted), this was the opening salvo in a job interview I once had. I am happy, many years later, to have the opportunity to respond to that question in a more thoughtful and thorough way than I originally did. Because this special issue of Research Studies in Music Education is directed toward graduate students in music education and their teachers, I will proceed on the assumption that most of the readers of this article are more familiar with music education than music psychology.
    [Show full text]
  • Neuromusical Research: an Overview of the Literature
    In: Neurosciences in Music Pedagogy ISBN: 978-1-60021-834-7 Editors: W. Gruhn and F. Rauscher, pp. 1-25 © 2007 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Chapter I NEUROMUSICAL RESEARCH: AN OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Richard D. Edwards and Donald A. Hodges ABSTRACT With growing interest in the neuroscience of music among both neuroscientists and music educators, the task of reviewing the extant neuromusical research has become more exciting, if not a bit more complicated due to the diversity of topics and the increasing number of available studies. We provide an overview of neuromusical research by discussing its historical foundations (especially with the advancements of imaging technologies), support from ancillary areas (anthropology, ethnomusicology, ethology, and music psychology), support from fetal and infant responses to music, and support from studies of special musicians (prodigies, savants, Williams Syndrome musicians, and Alzheimer’s patients). The main section presents findings and implications from recent neuroimaging studies by dividing the research into five categories: (1) Perception and Cognition, (2) Affective Responses, (3) Musical Performance, (4) Learning, and (5) Genetic Factors. Several broad conclusions regarding the state of human musicality are presented in the concluding section. Among these conclusions, perhaps the most valuable evidence that neuromusical research currently holds for educators is that musicality is a birthright of all people and that music processing is inherent to some degree in all humans. Humanity has long wondered about the mind. Before Descartes proposed “I think, therefore, I am” or even before Plato and Aristotle ever contemplated the psyche, the oldest brain map on record was being drawn upon papyrus in Egypt almost 5,000 years ago1.
    [Show full text]
  • Music As a Mood Modulator Patricia Edwards Bleyle Iowa State University
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1992 Music as a mood modulator Patricia Edwards Bleyle Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Mental Disorders Commons, Music Therapy Commons, and the Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Bleyle, Patricia Edwards, "Music as a mood modulator" (1992). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 17311. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/17311 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Music as a mood modulator by Patricia Edwards Bleyle A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department: Psychology Major: Psychology Signatures have been redacted for privacy IUYVa .... 'e.. ., Jniversity Ames, Iowa 1992 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT iii INTRODUCTION 1 LITERATURE REVIEW 3 Music 3 Mood 6 Music and Mood 9 Theories of Mood Modulation Through Music Stimuli 1 5 M~D 31 Design 31 Subjects 31 Procedure 3 2 Experimental Sessions 33 Stimuli 34 Dependent Measures 3 5 RESULTS 38 Rating Scales 4 1 DISCUSSION 43 RetR~S 47 APPENDIX A. Depression Adjective Checklist 5 3 APPENDIX B. Activation-Deactivation Adjective Checklist 55 APPENDIX C. Preference in Music 59 APPENDIX D. Music Segments 6 1 APPENDIX E. Modified Informed Consent and Debriefing Statements 64 iii ABSTRACT Mood induction in normal subjects has been reported in numerous journal articles.
    [Show full text]
  • The Psychology of Music
    16 Comparative Music Cognition: Cross-Species and Cross-Cultural Studies Aniruddh D. Patelà and Steven M. Demorest† ÃDepartment of Psychology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts; †School of Music, University of Washington, Seattle I. Introduction Music, according to the old saw, is the universal language. Yet a few observations quickly show that this is untrue. Our familiar animal companions, such as dogs and cats, typically show little interest in our music, even though they have been domes- ticated for thousands of years and are often raised in households where music is frequently heard. More formally, a scientific study of nonhuman primates (tamarins and marmosets) showed that when given the choice of listening to human music or silence, the animals chose silence (McDermott & Hauser, 2007). Such observations clearly challenge the view that our sense of music simply reflects the auditory system’s basic response to certain frequency ratios and temporal patterns, combined with basic psychological mechanisms such as the ability to track the probabilities of different events in a sound sequence. Were this the case, we would expect many species to show an affinity for music, since basic pitch, timing, and auditory sequencing abilities are likely to be similar in humans and many other animals (Rauschecker & Scott, 2009). Hence although these types of processing are doubt- lessly relevant to our musicality, they are clearly not the whole story. Our sense of music reflects the operation of a rich and multifaceted cognitive system, with many processing capacities working in concert. Some of these capacities are likely to be uniquely human, whereas others are likely to be shared with nonhuman animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards the Concept of “Digital Dance and Music Instrument”
    Towards the Concept of “Digital Dance and Music Instrument” João Tragtenberg Filipe Calegario Instituto SENAI de Inovação Instituto SENAI de Inovação para TICs para TICs Rua Frei Cassimiro, 88 Rua Frei Cassimiro, 88 Recife, Brazil Recife, Brazil [email protected][email protected] Giordano Cabral Geber Ramalho CIn-UFPE CIn-UFPE Av. Jornalista Anibal Av. Jornalista Anibal Fernandes, s/n Fernandes, s/n Recife, Brazil Recife, Brazil [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT that allow the conversion of human movement into informa- This paper discusses the creation of instruments in which tion, it is possible that a wide variety of gesture can control music is intentionally generated by dance. We introduce the any sound, visuals, light or robotic media [5]. conceptual framework of Digital Dance and Music Instru- The field of artistic creation with digital technology is at ments (DDMI). Several DDMI have already been created, least 56 years old [24] and presented considerable advances but they have been developed isolatedly, and there is still a [17]. The area of Digital Musical Instruments (DMI) has lack of common design guidelines. Knowledge about Digital been well delimited for a long time[26]. Unlike acoustic in- Musical Instruments (DMIs) and Interactive Dance Systems struments, in which the equivalent energy of the gestural (IDSs) can contribute to the design of DDMI, but the for- control is responsible for the sound production, the DMIs mer brings few contributions to the body's expressiveness, have open possibilities. The production of sound is inde- and the latter brings few references to an instrumental re- pendent of gesture control, being only connected by digital lationship with music.
    [Show full text]
  • Social and Emotional Function of Music Listening: Reasons for Listening to Music
    Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, Issue 66, 2016, 229-242 Social and Emotional Function of Music Listening: Reasons for Listening to Music Elif TEKIN GURGEN* Suggested Citation: Gurgen, E. T. (2016). Social and emotional function of music listening: Reasons for listening to music. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 66, 229-242 http://dx.doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.66.13 Abstract Problem Statement: The reasons that people listen to music have been investigated for many years. Research results over the past 50 years have showed that individual musical preference is influenced by multiple factors. Many studies have shown throughout that music has been used to induce emotional states, express, activate, control emotions, relax, and communicate. It can be suggested that asking “how students shape music in their mind, the importance of music, and which genres they listen to and why” can help educators achieve their goals more easily. Purpose of Study: This study investigated the involvement of music in the lives of university students; the type of music they listen to in the university and during childhood; why they listen to music; and the emotional and social function of music. Of the students attending different departments of Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Fine Arts, 322 were randomly selected to participate in this study. Open-ended questions were used to reveal their reasons for listening to music and the musical genres they prefer. Method: To reveal how often students listen to music, why they listen to music, and what type of music they listen to during university and childhood, a questionnaire with open-ended questions was used.
    [Show full text]