ISSN: 1043-3546 July • 1990 90T8t? IW ‘dOa«W NNt» 502 E. Lincoln Way • Ames • Iowa • 5001 Vol • 10 • No. 7 • Pages 409-484 ayoy a332 maoN oui iyiM0IJ,':;'Na31NI swnidoaoiw Aiisa3AiNn ST/06 dX3

DAIRY, AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION

A Publication of the International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, Inc. Please circle No. 176 on your Reader Service Card aiOUNM

CHLORINE DIOXIDE PRODUCTS FOR INNOVATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING IN THE FOOD, MILK, DAIRY, AND BEVERAGE PROCESSING INDUSTRIES

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stop by our Exhibit at the lAMFES Annuai Meeting BACTERIA CAN’T HIDE (LLNZADE® FROM P3-oxonia active® \ Service of ECOLAB^t) Peroxyacedc acid sanittzer. Please send:

■ S P □ Additional information about P3-oxoniaactive. :nvironmental sanitation program □ Literature about other Klenzade products that can help improve my plant's Environmental Sanitation Program. -or more information, complete and eturn this card, or call David Hurrry, NAME_ Dairy Plant Marketing Manager, at TITIF 612) 293-2525. COMPANY

ADDRESS >top by our Exhibit at the fITV STAFF ZIP AMFES Annual Meeting □ Please phone me at: ( ) R<*sf tirnp- AM PM 01989 Ecolab Inc. 20512,03001288

Other lAMFES Publications lAMFES also publishes:

□ Procedures to Investigate

Procedures to Investigate Waterborne Illness

□ Procedures to Investigate Arthropod-borne and Rodent-borne Illness Used by health department and public health personnel nationwide, these manuals detail investigative techniques and procedures based on epidemiol¬ ogic principles for the identification and analysis of illness outbreaks and their sources.

C] 3-A Sanitary Standards for Dairy and Egg Processing Equipment Formulated by the cooperative effort of industry and regulatory groups, the standards represent criteria for the cleanability of dairy and egg processing equipment. The standards cover materials and fabrication of the equipment design.

For order information, check the appropriate boxes, complete the return address and return to lAMFES. __ BUSINESS REPLY MAIL RRST CLASS PERMIT NO. 818 ST. PAUL, MN

POSTAGE WILL BE RAID BY ADDRESSEE

KLENZADE* A Service of Ecolab Inc. Marketing Department Ecolab Center St. Paul. MN 55102

DFES 7/90

Name_ Place Address_ Stamp City_State/Prov. Here Zip_ Phone_

lAMFES DFES 7/90 502 E. Lincoln Way Ames, Iowa 50010 RDodiDorne Illness How you can prevent it. Due to the importance of proper , Clorox has just introduced a new and comprehensive 17 minute training tape covering the following areas: * Proper Personal Hygiene * Preventing Cross Contamination * Proper Food Handling and Storage * Proper Sanitizing and Disinfecting The VHS format tape comes complete with it's own training booklet which summarizes key points and provides a quiz to administer to staff and employees.

VIDEO ORDER FORM □ Ybs, please send me a copy of the video. I have enclosed a check for $9.95.

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DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JULY 1990 f 1 I

SHUREGEL 4 SOFT-METAL SAFE SHUREGEL 3 ALKALINE CLEANER SHUREGEL 5 ACID CLEANER ...RUNS

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I circle No. 145 on your Reader Service Card Stop by our Exhibit at the lAMFES Annual Meeting two sure

The SIGNAL ELISA Sulfamethazine Detection Test helps avoid the costly consequences of violative sulfa residue problems in milk. This economical and highly-accurate microtiter veil format test can detect sulfamethazine in milk, as well as, tissue, serum, urine or feed.

SIGNAL ELISA is also quick. Test results can be seen in 25 minutes. [PsoDSOfijui©’ ODD A*Ut&iotu TRe4idue Screen ^

Penzyme III is the sure and simple residue test for milk. Penzyme in can de- • * tect penicillin, .amoxicillin, ampicillin, cloxacillin, cephapirin The Penzyme IE Residue Screen Test and other beta-lactam . can be completed in 60 seconds and In studies screening thousands of results can be read 15 minutes later. unknown samples, Penz3rme consis¬ Best of all, Penzyme HI can detect an¬ tently detected positive loads. tibiotic residues for less than $1.65 per test.

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ABC Research, Gainesville, FL Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Ml National Sanitation Foundation, Ann Arbor, Ml Access Medical Systems, Inc., Bran¬ Diversey/Wyandotte, Wyandotte, Ml ford, CT Nelson-Jameson, Inc., Marshfield, Wl Eastern Crown, Inc., Vernon, NY Accurate Metering Systems, Inc., Northland Food Lab., Manitowoc, Wl Schaumburg, IL Educational Testing Services, Lang- horne, PA Norton Company Transflow Tubing, Alfa-Laval Agri, Inc., Kansas City, MO Akron, OH F & H Food Equipment Co., Spring- Alpha Chemical Services, Inc., field, MO Organon Teknika, Durham, NC Stoughton, MA Alex C. Ferguson, Frazer, PA Penicillin Assays, Inc., Malden, MA Amersham International P.L.C., Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, England Foss Corporation, Penn State Creamery, University Park, Eden Prairie, MN PA AMPCO Pumps, Inc., Milwaukee, Wl FRM Chem, Inc., Washington, MO The Pillsbury Company, Minneapolis, Anderson Chemical Co., Litchfield, MN MN H. B. Fuller Co., Minneapolis, MN Anderson Instrument Co., Fultonville, Rio Linda Chemical Co., Inc., Sacra¬ NY Gene Trak, Framingham, MA mento, CA

Applied Microbiology, Brooklyn, NY Gist Brocades, Charlotte, NC Ross Laboratories, Columbus, OH

APV Crepaco, Rosemont, IL GoJo Industries, Akron, OH Seiberling Associates, Inc., Roscoe, Associated Milk Producers, Inc., Henkel Corp., Ambler, PA Schaumburg, IL Silliker Laboratories, Inc., Chicago IBA Inc., Millbury, MA Heights, IL Babson Bros. Co., Romeoville, IL Integrated BioSolutions, Inc., Prince¬ SmithKIine-Beecham Animal Health, Becton Dickinson Microbiology ton, NJ West Chester, PA Systems, Cockeysville, MD Klenzade Division, Ecolab Inc., St. Sparta Brush Co. Inc., Sparta, Wl Borden, Inc., Houston, TX Paul, MN The Stearns Tech Textile Co., Cincin¬ Capitol Vial Corp., Fonda, NY Kraft General , Glenview, IL nati, OH

Carnation Co., Los Angeles, CA Land O'Lakes Inc., Minneapolis, MN Tekmar Co., Cincinnati, OH

Centrico Inc., Elgin, IL Maryland & Virginia Milk Prod. Assn., 3M/Medical-Surgical Div., St. Paul, MN Inc., Reston, VA Chem-Bio Labs, Chicago, IL Unipath Co., Oxoid Div., Columbia, Metz Sales, Inc., Williamsburg, PA MD Cherry-Burrell Corp., Cedar Rapids, lA Michelson Labs, Commerce, CA Veratec Inc., Boston, MA

Commercial Testing Lab., Inc., Col¬ Micro Diagnostics, Inc., Addison, IL Vicam, Somerville, MA fax, Wl Mid America Dairymen, Inc., Spring- Vitek Systems, Hazelwood, MO Control One, Inc., Greenwich, CT field, MO Walker Stainless Equipment Co., New Custom Control Products, Inc., Racine, Milk Industry Foundation, Washing¬ Lisbon, Wl Wl ton, DC Webb Technical Group, Inc. Raleigh, Dairy Quality Control Inst., St. Paul, Minnesota Valley Testing Laborato¬ NC MN ries, New Ulm, MN Weber Scientific, E. Windsor, N.J. Dairymen, Inc., Louisville, KY Nasco International, Fort Atkinson, Wl West Agro Inc., Kansas City, MO Darigold, Seattle, WA National Mastitis Council, Arlington, VA Westreco Inc., New Milford, CT Dean Foods, Rockford, IL

412 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/iVLY 1990 Vol. 10 No. 7 JULY 1990

Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation CONTENTS

Articles: Book Reviews.442 Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) Concept.416 Association News: Frank L Bryan Thoughts From the President. 415 Affiliate News . 450 The Hazard Communication Standard Officiai Business Meeting Minutes from the Implications for the .420 76th iAMFES Annual Meeting . 458 Homer C. Emery ard Florence P. Emery 77th lAMFES Annual Meeting Legionella in the Grocery Store: Assessment of Risk.423 Exhibit Preview. 444 George K. Morris, Brian G. Shelton and Synopsis of Papers . 460 George W. Gorman Meeting Registration Form . 465

Perspective on Food Biotechnology.426 Updates.453 Henry L. Miller and Stephen J. Ackerman Letter to the Editor.455 News .430 New lAMFES Members .456 lAMFES Secretary Winner, American Academy of Sanitarians, New Literature Guidelines for 3-A Sanitary Standards.467 Managing Hazardous Waste 01-07 * * * and much more * * * Business Exchange.478 "Classifieds" Food and Environmental Hazards To Health.436 Coming Events.481 Forum for Professional lAMFES Membership Sanitarians.438 Application.483 industry Products.439 From the Ames Office.484

ABOUT THE COVER ... Black Eyed Susan, photo compliments of the Maryland Office of Tourism Development. More travel information and a free Maryland Travel Kit are available by calling 1-800-543-1036.

Dairy, Food and Environmental E. Uncoln Way. Ames. lA 50010-6666. year, with verification of student status, and consin. 3110 Grandview Blvd., Madison, S. BARNARD . University Park. PA Sanitation (ISSN-1043-3546) is published Note: Single copies of reprints are not avail- includes Dairy, Food and Environmentai Wl 53713. 608-262-6936 H. BENGSCH . Springfield. MO monthly by the Intemationai Association of able from this address: address reprnt Sanitation or Journal of Food Protection. Past PresIdenL Robert Gravani, 8A Stock¬ F. BOOYFELT. Corvallis, OR Miik, Food and Environmental Sanitarians. requests to principal author. No cancellations accepted. ing HaH. Cornell Universky, Ithaca. NY J. BRUHN . Davis. CA Inc., executive offices at 502 E. Lincoln Busirtess Matters: Correspondence re¬ Claims: Notice of failure to receive copies 14853. 607-255-3262 J. BURKETT .Sioux City. lA Way. Ames. lA 50010. Printed by Heuss garding business matters should be ad¬ must be reported within 30 days domestic. Affiliate Council Chairperson, WiHiam W. J. CHAMBERS .West Ufayette. IN Printing, Inc., 911 N. Second St.. Ames. lA dressed to Steven K. Halstead. lAMFES. 90 days foreign. All correspondence re¬ Coleman II. Minnesota Dept, of Agriculture, W. CLARK ..Chicago. IL 50010. Second-class Postage paid at 502 E. Lincoln Way. Ames. IA 50010-6666. garding changes of address and dues must 90 West Plato Blvd.. SL Paul. MN 55107. W W. COLEMAN .SL Paul. MN Ames. lA. POSTMASTER; Send address Subscription Rates: $83.00 per year. be sent to lAMFES. Inc.. 502 E. Lincoln 612-296-1586 O. D. COOK Rockville. MO changes to Dairy. Food arxl Envirorrmental Single copies $10.00 each. No cancella¬ Way. Ames, lA 50010^666, 515-232- Executive Mgr., Steven K. Halstead. 502 R. DICKIE Madison. Wl Sanitation C/0 lAMFES. 502 E. Lincoln tions accepted. U.S. FUNDS ONLY. 6699. E. Lincoln Way. Ames. lA 50010. 515-232- F. FELDSTEIN . Culpeper. VA Way. Ames. lA 50010-6666. Sustaining Membership: A sustaining Postage: Canada and foreign add $l 2 PER 6699 R. FUQUA ML Juket. TN The publishers do not warrant either ex¬ membership in lAMFES is available to journal subscription. U.S. FUNDS ONLY- J. GERBERICH. Eau Claire. Wl press or by implication, the factual accu¬ companies at a rate of $375 per year, which ON U.S. BANK EDITORS P. HARTMAN .Ames. lA racy of the articles or descriptions herein, includes $100 credit towani an ad in the C. HINZ .. .. LeRoy. NY STEVEN K. HALSTEAD. Managing Editor. nor do they so warrant any views or opin¬ 'annual meeting issue' of the Jourrul. the lAMFES D. JOLLEY . Bradenton. FL 502 E. Lincoln Way. Ames. lA 50010. 515- ions offered by the authors of said articles July issue. For more information, contact EXECUTIVE BOARD W LAGRANGE.Ames. lA 232-6699 and descriptions. lAMFES. 502 E. Lincoln Way. Ames. lA J. LITTLEFIELD . Austin. TX MARGARET THORNTON MARBLE. Asso¬ Manuscripts: Correspondence regarding 50010-6666, 515-232-6699. PresIdenL Ron Case. Kraft General Foods. P. MARTIN . WarrenviHe. IL ciate Editor. 502 E. Lincoln Way. Ames. lA manuscripts and other reading materials Membership Dues: Membership in the 801 Waukegan Road. Glenview. IL 60025. J. MIRANDA . Los Angelos. CA 50010 should be addressed to Margaret Marble. Association is available to individuals only. 708-998-3620 D. NEWSLOW Orlando. FL HENRY ATHERTON, TechncalEditor. 8 E. 502 E. Lincoln Way. Ames. lA 50010-6666. Direct dues are $36 per year arxl include a President-Elect, Robert Sanders. PHS/ O. PEPER Sioux City. lA Terrace. S. Burlington. VT 05403 515-232-6699. subscription to Dairy, Food and Environ¬ FDA. 200 O SL SW. Washington. D.C. M. PULLEN SL Paul. MN J. REEDER Ariinglon. VA "Instructions to Contributors" can be mental Sanitation. Direct dues and the 20204. 202-465-0138 I EDfTORIAL BOARD I obtained from the edtior. Journal of Food Protection are $64.00. Vice-President, Damien A. Gabis. SiRiker D. ROaiNS . Spnngfield. MO Orders for Reprints: Al orders should be Affiliate and Internatiorul Membership Labs. lnc..l304 Halsted St.. Chicago K. ANDERSON .Ames. lA R. SANDERS .Washington. DC sent to DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRON¬ inicude bctt\ journals for $64, plus affiliate Heights. IL 60411. 706-756-3210 H. V. ATHERTON . Burlington. VT P. C. VASAVAOA . River Falls. Wl MENTAL SANITATION. lAMFES. Inc.. 502 dues. Student membership is $19.00 per Secretary, Michael P. Doyle. Univ. of Wis¬ K. J. BAKER .Rockville. MD E. O. WRIGHT.Bella Vista. AR DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JVLY 1990 413 Please circle No. 123 on your Reader Service Card Stop by our Exhibit at the lAMFES Annual Meeting

Qr^onTekriika Hasjust Revolutionized ThelnsAndOuts Qf And Screening. Now there’s a rapid-methodbreak- throu^ that lets you screen for Listeria andSSmonella and getaccurate results in just 48 hours. OrganonXeknikals innovative,hi^- speed MicroelisaT^t Systems ^e you superior sensitivity ana specificity while 48 Holuis Liter. increasingyour lab’s efficiency BcSn of these unioue assays use monoclonal antibodies mat are 4>ecific for either Listeria or Salmonella and provide List, reliable results that are easily confirmed with OrganonTeknikafe MlCRO-lD™ ^bur lab’s routine can now be streamlined with test procedures that are safe and easy to perform Culture plates are nearly eliminated, and there’s no need to handle radioactive materials. Call Organon Teknika today and find outmore 3)out their cornpletefarnify of food-product tests. Onceyou do,you1l have a revolutionary new way to buy your lab some time.

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414 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION1990 Associations are not built in a year. The lAMFES we have now is the accumulation of all that happened before us. Each president leaves a mark on the Association. Hopefully I leave a good mark. This has been an interesting year. Much effort this year has been spent on the streamlining of the Ames office operation. Your Executive Board and new Executive Manager, Steve Halstead, have taken a close look at where we are spending your money and our efforts to run the association. This evaluation has resulted in redirecting resources to affiliate and membership services. A personnel policy manual has been developed and the policies implemented. Putting written policies together clarifies issues and provides uniform application among all employees. Improved communication has been a goal this year. I have continued the monthly Thoughts from the President which Bob Gravani started last year. In this column I have reported on actions of the board following board meetings and have discussed issues members have raised such as needs in developing countries and a name change for lAMFES. I have attended several affiliate meetings and have represented lAMFES at other meetings. I have visited with European members about the possibility of establishing an affiliate outside North America. These meetings have allowed me to get to know the membership better and to hear some of your concerns. During my time on your Executive Board I have been very impressed with the dedication of the members. We have members who regularly give of their time to help improve the status of the sanitarian and to promote lAMFES. Members organize meetings, publish newsletters, write articles, help to set regulations and standards related to food and environmental safety, and in general work to make this a better world to live in. The Journal of Food Protection has become the premier journal for publication of information about food safety. Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation is becoming a major source of practical up-to-date information for the sanitarian. These journals don’t just happen. They are the result of hard work by authors, editors, reviewers, and staff. Thanks to all of you for this great service you supply! As your new secretary, Harold Bengsch, and new Affiliate Council Chair, Ron Schmidt, come on the board, I hope I have left them an lAMFES which is prepared to deal with the issues of the nineties. I have been very fortunate to have great boards to serve with the last few years. Harold and Ron will continue to give you the good leadership you deserve and will support Bob Sanders as next year’s president. Thank you for the opportunity to serve as your president.

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIJVLY 1990 415 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, Vol. 10, No. 7, Pages 416-418 (July 1990) Copyf’O*'*©. lAMFES, 502 E. Lincoln Way. Ames, IA 50010 Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) Concept

Frank L. Bryan Food Safety Consultation and Training 8233 Pleasant Hill Road, Lithonia, GA 30058

Abstract Definitions associated with the HACCP system are: (3- 5). The hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) •A hazard is unacceptable contamination, unacceptable system is a series of actions that should be taken to ensure growth, or unacceptable survival of of food safety for all processed/prepared foods. These are: (a) concern to safety or spoilage and/or unacceptable detecting hazards and assessing their severity and probability production or persistence in foods of products of of occurrence, (b) identifying critical control points, (c) microbial (e.g., , enzymes, biogenic establishing criteria for control and putting control measures amines). into effect, (d) monitoring the critical control points, and (e) •Severity is the seriousness (magnitude) of a hazard, or taking immediate action to correct problems whenever the stated in a different way, the degree of consequences results of monitoring indicate that the criteria are not met. that can result when a hazard exists. Systems should be verified for completeness of the plan and •Risk is an estimate of the likely (or probability of) whether monitoring is properly carried out. The HACCP occurrence of a hazard, or the likely sequential concept is rational because it is based on historical data of occurrences of several hazards. the causes of illness and spoilage. It is comprehensive •A critical control point is an operation (practice, because it deals with ingredients, processes and use of procedure, process or location) at or by which a products. It is continuous because problems are detected preventive or control measure can be exercised over when they occur, and action is taken then to correct them. one or more factors which, if controlled, would prevent It is systematic because it is a thorough plan which covers or minimize a hazard. The ICMSF specifies two types step-by-step operations and procedures. The HACCP of CCPs (5). CCP, will ensure control of a hazard. system is the most effective and efficient means yet devised CCP2 will minimize but cannot ensure control of a to ensure safety of and preparation hazard. operations. It is state-of-the-art technology for food safety. •Criteria are specified limits or characteristics of a physical (e.g., time or temperature), chemical (e.g., There are microbiological hazards and risks associated or acetic acid), or biological (e.g., sensorial or with preparation and storage of foods through out all links microbiological) nature. of the food chain from production to consumption. If these •Monitoring is the checking that a processing or hazards are not controlled, foodbome illness can occur and handling procedure at each critical control point meets shelf-life of products will be shortened and spoilage can the established criteria and, hence, is profierly carried result. out and is under control. It involves systematic The most effective way to ensure that these adverse observation, measurement, and/or recording of the situations will not happen is implementation of the hazard significant factors for prevention or control of hazards. analysis critical control point (HACCP) system. This •Verification is the use of supplemental tests of review system is a series of actions that should be taken for the of records of previous monitoring to ensure that the production, processing and/or preparation of foods to ensure HACCP system is in place and functioning as planned. food safety. Information about the formulation or recipe, the The HACCP system is illustrated below: processor preparation steps, and the expected use of foods

I DETERHINE HAZARDS AND ASSESS THEIR SEVERITY AND RISKS I being prepared are needed during HACCP evaluation (1,2,5). Answers are needed to the following questions: I IDENTIFY CRITICAL CONTROL POINT(S) I

I INSTITUTE CONTROL MEASURES I Questions about formulation or recipe to ask during hazard I E I I ESTABLISH CRITERIA TO ENSURE CONTROL I analyses: 1. What raw materials or ingredients are used? 1 MONITOR CRITICAL CONTROL POINTIS) I 2. Are microorganisms of concern likely to be present

I TAKE ACTION WHENEVER MONITORING I on/in these materials, and if so what are they? I RESULTS INDICATE CRITERIA ARE NOT MET i 3. Do any of the ingredients have toxic properties?

I (VERIFICATION THAT THE SYSTEM IS I I FUNCTIONING AS PLANNED) I

416 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JVLY 1990 4. Are used, and if so, what are they? 4. The critical control point must be capable of being 5. Are any of the ingredients used in quantities either monitored. excessive or deficient for desired functional 5. The critical control point must be monitored either properties or culinary needs? before start up and/or during operations. 6. What is the pH of the final product and will 6. Appropriate action must be taken when the results microorganisms survive and/or grow in such a of monitoring indicate that the specified criteria are product? not met. 7. What is the water activity of the final product and will microorganisms grow in such a product? To implement a hazard analysis critical control point program, the following actions need to be taken: Questions about food preparation to ask during hazard 1. HACCP evaluations must be conducted of the food analyses: production/processing/preparation steps and the 1. Can contaminants reach the product during severity of the consequences of contamination, preparation or storage? survival or growth of microorganisms and 2. Will microorganisms or toxic substances of concern probability of occurrence of these events must be be inactivated during heat processing (cooking), assessed; critical control points are based upon this reheating, or other potentially-lethal processes? assessment. Such evaluations include drawing a 3. Could any or of concern flow process of operations and indicating hazards contaminate the food after heating? and critical control points. 4. Could any microorganism of concern multiply 2. Criteria for control must be established for each during processing/preparation or storage? critical control point; monitoring procedures need 5. How does the package or container influence to be selected and implemented; and courses of survival and/or growth of microorganisms? action decided upon whenever the criteria are not 6. What is the time sequence of processing/preparation met. and storage? 3. A HACCP plan must be developed for all foods of concern. Note that related types of foods Questions about expected use of prepared food after they processed/prepared in a similar manner with similar leave the store to ask during hazard analyses: equipment usually have similar critical control 1. Is the food expected to be held warm, chilled, points. frozen or at ambient temperature after it leaves the 4. Personnel need to be trained so that they will be place of processing/preparation/sale? aware of hazards and know (a) the criteria for 2. Will the time-temperature exposure used for control, (b) how to monitor a critical control point reheating inactivate microorganisms and/or toxins and (c) the action to take when the criteria are not of concern? met. 3. If held after reheating, will the food be held warm 5. The HACCP plan must be put into effect in the or at ambient temperature? place of facility where food is produced, harvested, 4. Will the food be handled or subjected to other transported, stored, processed or prepared. contamination? 6. The HACCP plan and its implementation must be verified. Answers to these questions may indicate hazards and provide information upon which to determine severity and The HACCP concept is rational because it is based on risks. When this information is considered in reference to historical data about causes of illness and spoilage. It is step-by-step preparation of a food, critical control points can comprehensive because it takes into consideration be determined, criteria for control established, control ingredients, processes and subsequent use of products. It is initiated, the critical control points monitored, and continuous because problems are detected when they occur, immediate action taken whenever results of monitoring and action is taken then for correction. It is systematic indicate that the criteria are not met. because it is a thorough plan covering step-by-step There are certain requirements for an operation to be operations and procedures. Because of these features, the considered as a Critical Control Point: These are: hazard analysis critical control point approach is the most 1. The operation must be such that appropriate action effective and efficient means to ensure safety of food will prevent, control or at least minimize one or processing and preparation operations. It provides the more hazard(s). greatest assurance to processors and preparers, regulatory 2. The severity and/or risks of the situation must be officials, and the public that foodbome illness will not result considered as being high or at least moderate, but from the ingestion of the foods that have been not low. processed/prepared under this system. Hence, it is the best 3. Criteria for control must be established and insurance policy for food safety that can be obtained. It is stipulated. state-of-the-art technology for food safety.

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JVLY 1990 417 I

Please circle No. 155 on your Reader Service Card

REFERENCES

Bryan, F.L. 1981. Hazard analysis of operations. Food Technol. 35(2):78-87.

Bryan, F.L. 1982. Microbiological hazards of feeding systems, pp. 64- 80. In Microbiological Safety of Foods in Feeding Systems. ABMPS Rep. No. 125. National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC. Choose

International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods. (J.H. Silliker, A.C. Baird-Parker, F.L. Bryan, J.C. Olson, Jr., B. Simonsen, M. van Schothorst, ad hoc committee)/WHO (A. - 3 models - Drum Major® Koulikovskii and Z. Matyas, conveners). 1982. Report of the and 2" & 3" Troll Ball® WHO/ICMSF meeting in hazard analysis; critical control point system • Rotating action cleans in food hygiene. VPH/82.37. World Health Organization, Geneva. smaller tanks up to 20' in diameter International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods. (B. Simonsen, F.L. Bryan, J.H.B. Christian, T.A. Roberts, J.H. Silliker, • Choice of 4 high- and R.B. Tompkin, ad hoc committee). 1986. Prevention and control impact, cleaning patterns of food-bome salmonellosis through application of the hazard analysis ’ Stainless steel construc¬ critical control point system. WHOAI^DSA^PH/86.65. World Health tion for portable and Organization, Geneva. ^ CIP installation

International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods. Made in For a FREE 1988. Microorganisms in foods 4. Application of the hazard analysis theU.S.A. brochure of Sellers critical control point (HACCP) system to ensure microbiological safety Cleaning Systems and quality. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Ltd., Oxford. Products, call TODAY! A Colca: Coded Bnish Program ofiering a ^sitive approadi to contromrig cross ‘ contamination

Use led-bristle hushes for raw product contact areas

Introducing the new Sparta Tri-Zone Brush Preventing brushes from traveling from one Color Coding System. It’s designed to help you plant area to another, or from one cleaning job prevent bacterial cross contamination through to another, can help control the transmission of brush segregation. bacteria. So, making Tri-Zone an important part The Tri-Zone concept gets right to the heart of your bacteria control program, along with of the FDA’s recommendation to keep brushes proper maintenance and usage of brushes, can in the areas where they are used, doing only the go a long way in fighting bacteria in your food jobs they are meant to do. service facility or processing plant. Red-bristle brushes are designated for use For your copy of Sparta’s free brochure, only in raw product contact areas. White-bristle contact your Sparta distributor or Sparta Brush brushes for pasteurization areas and all food- Company, RO. Box 317, Sparta, Wisconsin contact areas. Yellow-bristle brushes for environ¬ 54656-0317 • 608-269-2151 . 1-800-356-8366 mental cleanup of non-food-contact surfaces. FAX: 608-269-3293 . TLX: 759-901. SB^RIA

Please circle No. 180 on your Reader Service Card Stop by our Exhibit at the lAMFES Annual Meeting Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, Vol. 10, No. 7, Pages 420-421 (July 19901 Copyright©. lAMFES, 502 E. Lincoln Way, Ames. lA 50010 The Hazard Communication Standard Implications for the Food Industry

Homer C. Emery, R.S., Ph.D., LTC MS, U.S. Army* Florence P. Emery, Training Developer**

The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the author and are not he to construed as official or as reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or Department of Defense.

The Hazard Communication Standard was implemented The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS). In (OSHA) in 1983. Initially, this standard required only large addition resources for developing HAZCOM programs in scale industrial producers and users of hazardous chemicals food industry will be identified. to provide employees hazard communication (HAZCOM) training. The Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) On 17 March, 1989, OSHA expanded the Hazard The HCS is "performance-oriented". OSHA prescribed Communication Standard to require HAZCOM training for general goals for employee training rather than establishing a broader segment of workers, to include the food industry. specific details on the length or number of training sessions. Sectors of the food industry that now need to develop and Producers or imjiorters of hazardous chemicals are required implement HAZCOM training programs include: processing to evaluate the hazards of chemical products produced or plants, wholesale distributors, retail grocers, convenience imported; provide product labels that communicate the stores, and restaurants. hazards involved in use; and provide material safety data While the use of hazardous chemicals in food related sheets (MSDS) to provide certain technical information on operations may not be as great as other industries, chemical the product. exposures can still occur. During the cleaning and Users of hazardous chemicals must inform employees disinfecting of facilities and equipment, employees may about the HCS; explain how the standard is implemented in come in contact with ammonia, bleach, drain cleaners, their company; prepare an inventory of hazardous chemicals , and other potentially hazardous chemicals. used in the workplace; and train employees in using and Personnel using these substances need to be provided understanding product labels and the MSDS. In addition information on specific hazards of the product and hazards employee training in the use of hazardous chemicals and that may result from mixing incompatible chemicals (1). protective equipment is required (4). In Congressional testimony the United Food and The first step in developing a HAZCOM program is to Commercial Workers International Union reported a case in inventory hazardous chemicals used in the workplace. The which workers experienced dizziness, upper respiratory tract inventory should include the common name of the product irritation and headaches from a solvent being used to and its chemical name as it appears on its label. It is remove old price labels from merchandise (2). During the recommended that the inventory include where the product period 1984 to 1987 the National Institutes of Health is used, number of personnel using the product and the reported the death of six foodservice workers resulting from general hazards (flammable, explosive, acid) associated with recreational exposure to nitrous oxide used (3). its use. Sanitarians in local and state health departments may Foods, drugs, cosmetics, and alcoholic beverages that be called upon to assist food service managers in developing are packaged for retail sale are exempt from listing on the HAZCOM programs. Sanitarians employed in industry inventory. In addition hazardous products that distributors quality assurance positions can be key resources in planning or grocery stores sell but employees do not use may also be and managing company HAZCOM programs. While exempt from listing. An example would be industrial grade sanitarians are not experts in industrial hygiene or grease remover in ten gallon containers sold by a distributor occupational health, their experience and training in public warehouse. Employees in the warehouse would not need to health and environmental science will make them valuable be provided information on the use of this product. If resources in developing and implementing HAZCOM warehouse personnel are responsible for cleaning up spills, training. they should be provided training in the general hazards and clean up procedures to follow. *Currently assigned U.S. Army Health Professional Support Agency, 5109 Other examples of exempt items are office products Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3258 that workers only occasionally use (e.g. copy machine **Currently assigned Naval Medical Materiel Command. Fort Deterick, Frederick, MD 21701. chemicals). However, if an office worker were assigned responsibility for frequent handling of the chemicals

420 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JVLY 1990 asscKiated with the use of the copy machine that worker Training Resources should be informed of the hazards and the products listed on A number of HAZCOM training resources are the inventory. When in doubt if a product is exempt from available for use in the food industry. "Foodservice the inventory contact the local or state agency responsible Operator’s Guide to the OSHA HCS" can be obtained from for the HAZCOM program. the National Restaurant Association (1200 17th St. N.W., Product labels are an important part of the HAZCOM Washington, DC 20036). The National-American Wholesale program. Labels must include identity of the hazardous Grocers’ Association has produced "OSHA Hazard chemical; appropriate hazard warnings; and the name and Communication Standard Compliance Program" that address of the manufacturer, importer, or other responsible includes a training manual and videotape (201 Park party. Each container used in the workplace must be Washington Court, Falls Church, VA 22046). "Hazard labeled, tagged, or marked with the identity and hazard Communication - A Compliance Kit" and other training warnings (5). resources can be obtained from state and regional OSHA The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) has been offices. Audiovisual materials can be obtained from the called "the heart of the HAZCOM program." Distributors OSHA Training Institute, 1555 Times Drive, Des Plaines, IL are responsible for providing copies of the MSDS to retail 60018. customers. Employees using the hazardous product must Sanitarians may need to review basic concepts and have the MSDS available for reference. terms related to industrial hygiene and occupational health A sjjecific MSDS format is not required. However, the when they first become involved in HAZCOM programs. MSDS must provide the following types of information; A number of workshops and training seminars are offered identity of manufacture; chemical and common name of by private consulting firms, state and regional OSHA product; identity of hazardous ingredients; exposure limits offices, and professional organizations. of hazardous ingredients; physical and chemical The OSHA Training Institute in Des Plaines, Illinois, characteristics; fire and explosion hazards; routes of entry; provides a wide range of basic and advanced industrial signs and symptoms of exposure; precautions for safe hygiene training. The Institute offers training for federal handling and use; and control measures to reduce harmful and state agency personnel as well as for private sector exposure (6). employers. The following industrial hygiene references are Employee training is a critical part of the HAZCOM recommended: "Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene" program. Training cannot be a one time effort, but must be published by the National Safety Council; "Industrial part of a well planned and comprehensive program. Each Hygiene and Toxicology", F.A. Patty; and "Industrial employee should initially be informed of the overall goals Hygiene", R.W. Allen. of the HCS and how the standard is implemented in their company. REFERENCES Training on the health and physical hazards of 1. National American Wholesale Grocers Association, OSHA Hazard chemicals that are commonly used will need to be provided. Communication Standard Compliance Manual, 1989. When a new process or new chemical is introduced, training will need to be provided on its use and potential hazards. 2. Federal Register, Vol. 52 #163, pp. 31852-31886, 24 August, 1987. Employees must be able to understand the hazards indicated on product labels and the MSDS. In cases of low 3. Food Service Code Interpretations. Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, pp. 467, August 1989. reading skills, the use of pictographs and other visual aids will be useful (7). The final measure of a HAZCOM 4. U.S. Department of Labor, Hazard Communication Guidelines for program will be the ability of employees to obtain and use Compliance, OSHA Publication #3111, 1988. hazard information printed on product labels and the MSDS. Only employees (e.g. warehouse, maintenance, 5. U.S. Department of Labor, Chemical Hazard Communication, OSHA Publication #3084, 1989. housekeeping personnel) that use hazardous chemicals or are responsible for the clean up of spills need to be provided 6. Business and Legal Reports, Understanding the Hazard with detailed training. Other employees such as clerks, Communication Standard, 1987. office staff, and service personnel will only need to know about the general provisions of the program. 7. Tomecek, Sharon K.; Conquer the Language Barrier, Today’s Supervisor, pp. 4-7, November 1989. OSHA requires a written description of the HAZCOM program. This document must include: designation of person responsible for obtaining and maintaining the Copies of the MSDS; how MSDSs are maintained; how workers can obtain copies of the Copies of the MSDS; how workers are trained in the use of hazardous chemicals; and the inventory of non-exempt hazardous chemicals used.

DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JULY 1990 421 Pleaee circle No. 130 on your Reader Service Card Stop by our Exhibit at the iAMFES Annuai Meeting

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Legionella in the Grocery Store; Assessment of Risk

George K. Morris, Brian G. Shelton and George W. Gorman Pathogen Control Associates 2204 Hanfred Lane Tucker, GA 30084

Abstract mild diarrhea. Hospitalization with appropriate antibiotic therapy is required. The usual therapy is Erythromycin with An outbreak of Legionnaires’ associated with or without Rifampin (Blackmon, 1981). Fatality rates may a grocery store mister/fogger machine occurred in Louisiana be 15% or higher. The second illness, Pontiac fever, is a in 1989. Since mister machines are used in many industrial non-fatal flu-like disease of short duration which does not settings, there is a need for the food industry to become cause pneumonia. In contrast to Legionnaires’ disease, 95% better acquainted with this problem. Legionella, the of the individuals exposed become ill within 48 to 72 hours. causative bacterium of Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac Fortunately, recovery is rapid and doesn’t require antibiotic fever, was first discovered in a 1976 outbreak in therapy or hospitalization. Philadelphia, but is known to have caused disease as early as 1943. Once considered exclusively an American disease associated only with air conditioning, outbreaks of Although the epidemiology of the disease is not fully Legionnaires’ disease have occurred worldwide, and most understood, cases may occur as outbreak clusters or as recent outbreaks have been traced to breathing bioaerosols sporadic cases. The number of sporadic cases is probably from potable water sources. There are 30 known species of under-reported. Less than a thousand cases of legionellosis legionellae bacteria and 48 serogroups. The bacteria are were reported in 1985 (Centers for Disease Control, 1985), widespread in natural water environments and may be but it is estimated that 25,000 - 50,000 sporadic cases occur amplified in plumbing and cooling systems in buildings and each year in the United States (Centers for Disease Control, industrial settings. The presence of legionellae bacteria does 1985a). Serologic surveys have shown that many people not always represent a health risk but systems which have serum antibodies to legionellae, which may be amplify the bacterium in water and disseminate the bacteria attributed to cases of Pontiac fever or very mild cases of in the form of bioaerosols should be controlled. Legionnaires’ disease. Most of the earlier outbreaks were traced to contaminated aerosols from either cooling towers Background or evaporative condensers, but the majority of recent An outbreak of pneumonia occurred following an outbreaks have been traced to potable water services and American Legion convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania components such as hot water heaters, showers, whirlpool in July, 1976, which led to the discovery of a previously baths (Best, et al., 1983, States, et al., 1987), and most unidentified bacterium (McDade, et al., 1977). The recently an outbreak was associated with mister machines bacterium was given the name Legionella pneumophila, and (Centers for Disease Control, 1990). Distribution of the disease was called Legionnaires’ disease. epidemics is usually seasonal, most occurring in the summer. The occurrence of sporadic cases is not seasonal Legionellosis and occur throughout the year. The caused by Legionella pneumophila, or legionellosis, is currently recognized to occur in two distinct The Bacterium clinical forms. Legionnaires’ disease and Pontiac fever. Of Legionellosis is caused by a group of small rod shaped the two. Legionnaires’ disease causes the more serious bacteria that are usually 1 by 3 micrometers, are Gram illness consisting of a pneumonic disease. Usually less than negative, and do not produce endospores. To grow 5% of individuals exposed to contaminated aerosols during Legionella organisms in the laboratory requires special outbreaks develop disease, and the incubation period - the media containing L-cysteine, soluble iron, and a pH of 6.9 time from exposure to the pathogen to onset of disease - is (Brenner, 1984). These organisms proliferate in a wide usually 3 to 9 days. The most common symptoms of the variety of fresh waters. Currently there are thirty known disease are a dry non-productive cough, high fever (usually species and 48 serogroups of legionellae, i.e., 14 serogroups 101 °F or higher), chest pain, shortness of breath, and mental of L. pneumophila, 2 serogroups of L. bozemanii, 2 confusion. Often there is accompanying abdominal pain and serogroups of L. feeleii, 2 serogroups of L. hackeliae, 2

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANlTATION/iVLY 1990 423 serogroups of L. longheachae, 2 serogroups of L. legionellosis occur as sporadic cases, not outbreaks, and it sainthelensi, and 1 serogroup of each of the other 24 is not known how few organisms in water sources may be species. Of the 30 known species, 16 have been associated responsible for sporadic cases. with human disease (Table 1). It is possible that some The mere presence of legionellae either in aerosol spiecies have not yet been associated with human disease producing systems or potable water services will not in itself because they occur so rarely in nature; therefore, all species cause disease. In order for this to occur, several conditions should be considered as potential pathogens. must exist simultaneously: 1. The legionellae must be sufficiently virulent or capable Environmental Sources of causing disease - many species have not been The first isolation of the bacteria from environmental associated with human disease. samples was during an outbreak investigation at a 2. The legionellae must be present in sufficiently high numbers to cause an . midwestem university, at which time the bacteria were 3. The legionellae must reach the human host via air isolated from a cooling tower, a nearby stream, and mud without extensive damage to the bacterial cell. near the stream (Morris, et al., 1979). Since that time, 4. The legionellae must be inhaled by the potential host as many lakes and streams, especially those that are thermally particles less than 5 pm in size and subsequently impact polluted, have been found to harbor the organism. Although deeply in the alveolar sacs of the lung. excavation of soil was thought to be a risk factor, Legionella 5. The host’s defense system must be unable to stop the has been found to be a water organism rather than a soil infection. organism. Since legionellosis is caused by airborne legionellae, Many natural or man-made aquatic systems serve as harsh conditions relative to ambient temperature, moisture, amplifiers for Legionella by providing suitable conditions and solar radiation may reduce the likelihood of . for multiplication. Cooling towers, evaporative condensers, Also, the source of legionellae is usually less than 300 humidifiers, potable water heaters and holding tanks, pipes meters in distance from the site of human exposure. containing stagnant warm water, shower heads, faucet Certain risk factors are associated with a greater aerators, mister reservoirs, and whirlpool baths are likelihood of infection. Also, these same risk factors are examples. Legionella sometimes survive in the routine probably associated with a person being susceptible to a water treatment used to produce potable water, and may be lower number bacteria than health individuals having no risk carried in the treated drinking water into buildings where factors. Legionnaires’ disease is likely to occur more they colonize the plumbing fixtures, especially in hot water frequently in males, in middle-aged or older individuals, in systems (Wadowski, et al., 1982). The most probable people who smoke and ex-smokers, those who drink alcohol mechanism by which cooling towers and other wet type heat excessively, those who have chronic illness, cancer patients, rejection systems become contaminated is from the make-up AIDS patients, transplant patients, and those receiving water. immunosuppressive therapy. The best approach to effective control is an effective Some people have expressed concern that legionellosis equipment maintenance program, in that well maintained could result by drinking contaminated water especially if it cooling towers are less likely to be implicated in an should be aspirated into the lungs. Even though over 50 outbreak than poorly maintained ones. Conditions that percent of individuals with legionellosis suffer diarrhea and promote the collection of warm stagnant water and growth abdominal pain, there is no evidence to suggest that of microorganisms such as algae and protozoa have been Legionnaires’ disease is acquired through the intestinal documented to be excellent amplifiers of Legionella (Fields, route. The intestinal symptoms are probably produced by et al., 1989; and Tison, et al., 1980). Protozoa specifically toxic substances released from legionellae in the lungs or appear to selectively amplify Legionella in some water other organs. Therefore, the concerns of legionellae in systems (Barbaree, et al., 1986). Association of Legionella grocery stores should be directed toward breathing with protozoa in the environment, and the ability of the contaminated bioaerosols, not from consumption of food and legionellae to survive within protozoan cells, may provide water. mechanisms for legionellae to survive harsh environmental conditions.

Associated with Not Associated with Risk of Infection Human Disease Human Disease The infectious dose for humans has not been L. anisa L. bruenais definitively determined. It is thought by some scientists that L. birminghamensia L. cherrii L. bozemanii L. erythra the number of Legionella must exceed 1,000 f)er milliliter L, cincinnatienaia L, gratiana L. dumo//ii L, iarealenaia of cooling tower water for an outbreak to occur. However, L. feeleii L. jameatovnienaia L. gormanii L. moravica in one outbreak associated with mister/foggers, as few as 10 L. hackeliae L, oakridgenaia L, jordania L, pariaienaia colony forming units of L. pneumophila serogroup 1 per L. longbeachae L. quinlivanii L. maceachernii L. rubrilucena milliliter of mister reservoir water may have caused L, micdadei L. aanticrucia L. pneumophila L. apirxtenaia Legionnaires' disease in people exposed directly to the h. aainthelenai L. ateigerwaltii L. wadaworthii aerosol from the mister. More importantly, most cases of L, tucaonenaia

424 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/IVLY 1990 REFERENCES 8. Fields, B.S., G.N. Sanden, J.M. Barbaree, W.E. Morrill, R.M. Wadowsky, E.H. White and J.C. Feeley, 1989. Intracellular 1. Bafbaree, J.M., B.S. Fields, J.C. Feeley, G.W. Goman, and W. T. Multiplication of Legionella pneumophila in Amoebae Isolated from Martin. 1986. Isolation of protozoa from water associated with a Hospital Hot Water Tanks. Current Microbiology, 18(2), 131-137. Legionellosis outbreak and demonstration of intracellular multiplication of Legionella. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51:422-424. 9. McDade, J.E., C.C. Shepard, D.W. Fraser, T.R. Tsai, M.A. Redus and W.R. Dowdle. 1977. Legionnaires* disease, 1977. Isolation of a 2. Best, M., V.L. Yu, J. Stout, A. Goetz, R.R. Muder, and F. Taylor. bacterium and demonstration of its role in other respiratory disease. N. 1983. Legionellaceae in the hospital water supply - epidemiological Engl. J. Med. 297:1197-1203. link with disease and evaluation of a method of control of nosocomial Legionnaires’ disease and Pittsburgh pneumonia. Lancet ii:307-310. 10. Morris, G.K., C.M. Patton, J.C. Feeley, S.E. Johnson, G. Goman, W.T. Martin, P. Skaliy, G.F. Mallision, B. Politi, and D.S. Mackel. 3. Blackmon, J.A., R.W. Chandler, W.B. Cherry, A.C. England, III, J.C. 1979. Isolation of Legionnaires’ Disease Bacterium from Feeley, M.D. Hicklin, R.M. McKinney and H.W. Wilkinson. 1981. Environmental Samples. Ann. Intern. Med. 90:664-666. Review Article: Legionellosis. Amer. J. Pathol. 102:427-465. 11. States, S.J., L.F. Conley, J.M. Kuchta, B.M. Oleck, M.J. Lipovich, 4. Brenner, D.J., J.C. Feeley, and R.E. Weaver 1984, "Legionellaceae," R.S. Wolford, R.M. Wadowsky, A.M. McNamata, J.L. Sykora, G. in Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, N.R. Krieg and J.G. Keleti, and R.B. Yee. 1987. Survival and multipliation of Legionella Holt, Eds. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp. 279-288. pneumophila in municipal drinking water systems. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 53:979-986. 5. Centers for Disease Control. 1985. Morbidity and Mortality Report, Summary of notifiable disease in the United States, 34:3. 12. Tison, D.L., D.H. Pope, W.B. Cherry, and C.B. Fliemans 1980. Growth of Legionella pneumphila in association with blue green algae 6. Centers for Disease Control. 1985a. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly (Cyanobacteria). Appl. Environ. Microbiol 39:456-459. Report. 34:344-350. 13. Wadowsky, R.M., R.B. Yee, L. Mezmar, E.J. Wing, and J.N. Dowling. 7. Centers for Disease Control. 1990. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly 1982. Hot water systems as sources of Legionella pneumophila in Report, 39:108-110. hospital and nonhospital plumbing fixtures. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 43:1104-1110.

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Please circle No. 149 on your Reader Service Card DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIJULY 1990 425 Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation, Vol. 10, No. 7, Pages 426-429 (July 1990) Copyright©. lAMFES, 502 E. Lincoln Way. Ames. lA 50010

Perspective on Food Biotechnology

Henry 1. Miller, M.D.' and Stephen J. Ackerman^

The "new biotechnology" is in the news so much these product - was the impetus for the first systematic farming days that it now goes by the handy nickname "biotech." In 10,000 years ago. medicine, it has assumed heroic proportions, with Science The "old biotech" that produced these changes is magazine hailing it as the last great technical innovation of obviously not a single process but a number of different the 20th century -- the progenitor of genetic probes, methods. The one feature common to these traditional synthetic hormones, and other life-saving marvels. biotechnologies is use of natural processes to introduce In food production, however, it has not been so warmly changes in foods. welcomed: The "new biotechnology" is likewise a number of • The European Economic Community has banned use methods of using organisms to make or modify products. of a genetically engineered hormone to increase milk It differs from traditional methods by modifying the genetic production in dairy cows. material of organisms directly and precisely. It enables the • American grocery chains have refused milk from transfer of genes between diverse organisms, allowing such cattle. combinations unlikely to occur by conventional means. • Activists fearing agricultural experimentation have Unlike their predecessors, who progressed by trail and sued to prevent field testing even of genetically engineered error, today’s farmers can exploit the subtleties of genetics. petunias. Science has found ways for them to introduce - quickly and What’s going on with our food supply? directly - specific crop and animal improvements that The short answer is "the new biotechnology," a formerly took generations. The result may be the same, but scientific revolution less than 20 years old that’s already the new precision multiplies the possibilities available for changing the foods we eat. achieving specific practical results. The jargon of the "new biotech" may sound pretty It was not always thus. Mark Twain spins the tongue- ominous to the average consumer. "Cloning," "genetic in-cheek yam of an agricultural experimenter named manipulation," "cell fusion," and "mutation" may seem more William Beazeley who pined away because of his obsessive, like fantasies out of "Star Trek" than the results of processes but futile, desire to grow turnips on vines. Nineteenth- we want to contemplate at the supermarket. Nonetheless, century readers scoffed at this absurd idea, but that satire of these scientific processes are soon likely to be applied to the 1860s could become a technical possibility in the 1990s more and more of our foods. if there were any point to achieving it. Fortunately, the new It’s important to understand what food biotechnology biotech projects in view have more practical goals than is before forming our opinions about it. Although the Beazeley’s. jargon may sound unnatural, the science is the reverse. In New biotech springs from our ability to rearrange or fact, it can be viewed as a method of organizing nature to recombine DNA, the basic genetic material of living things, bring out the best in nature. It’s essentially a refinement of a feat made possible in 1974, when American scientists first what we’ve known — and done -- for a very long time. cloned (isolated and duplicated) a specific gene. From that beginning, the new biotechnology has developed as wide a "Biotech" Old and New range of applications as traditional methods. In food Biotechnology is the use of biological systems — living production, it is revolutionizing old processes like things — to create or modify products. fermentation and cross-breeding. Both in the field and in Traditional biotechnology is almost as old as the food-processing plant, it is joining in the age-old quest agriculture itself. The first farmer who bred the best bull for a healthy, abundant and nutritious food supply. with the best cow in the herd to improve the stock, rather than allowing the animals to breed randomly, was Evolution or Revolution? implementing biotechnology in a simple sense. The first In the 1860s, Gregor Mendel, an Austrian priest (who, baker who used yeast enzymes to make bread rise was ironically, had flunked biology in his teacher’s examination), likewise using a living thing to produce an improved deduced the laws of heredity. Working with pea plants in product. Indeed, one anthropologist argues that a desire to his monastery garden, Mendel discovered he could predict raise grain for brewing beer — a classic biotechnology the characteristics of plants bred from specific types of parents. From there it was just a short step to producing at 'Director of FDA’s Office of Biotechnology. will such characteristics as color, height, and pod position ^Writer and Consultant in Washington. DC. or appearance. Although published in the 1860s, his

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’‘X. findings were ignored until researchers rediscovered and and field moves toward the "new biotech" of the laboratory, confirmed them in 1900. many people become alarmed at its very efficiency. As Mendel’s work ultimately made possible scientific Margaret Mellon of the National Wildlife Federation put it, farming based on genetics. By the 1930s, organ culture "I feel an affection for the natural world the way it is - the techniques made it possible to isolate plant embryos as a way 4 billion years of evolution have made it. I resist the basis for breeding more successful hybrids. Com notion of improving nature in the future, just as I lament the production in the Untied States quickly doubled as a result. loss of nature as it was in the past." Refinements that once Through such methods, agricultural wheat was crossed with would have taken generations may now be induced wild grasses in order to acquire such properties as greater deliberately and rapidly - too rapidly for such observers. yield, increased resistance to mildew and bacterial diseases, Perhaps our imaginations have been colored by and tolerance for salt or adverse climate conditions. gimmick picture postcards of gigantic foodstuffs, whether Similar progress with many foodstuffs enabled China gondola-sized potatoes or enormous bass asserted to be and India, threatened with in the mid-1970’s, to typical of particular resorts. Perhaps films showing invigorate their agriculture to the point that today they are humanity beleaguered by Frankenstein monsters of mutant net exporters of grain. Although much of this achievement insects dispose us to envision enormities. More soberly, came from ambitious applications of traditional some critics make analogies to past introductions of biotechnology, the new biotech now sustains it, notably in novelties into our environment, such as kudzu plant, which work on rice and the other grains on which so many people became a troublesome weed, or the starlings whimsically worldwide subsist. Today, the new biotech strives to imported into North America only to multiply and foul our develop drought-tolerant crops that, in time, could alleviate cities. Others fear harm to consumers from new foodstuffs. the devastating Africa. What is the individual to make of these fears? Is the New biotech continues its quest for fmitful harvests new biotech following in the steps of the pioneer Mendel or only under protest. In one case in Maryland, opponents the crackpot Beazeley? For example, bST (bovine long delayed field testing of com engineered to resist the somatotropin), a pituitary hormone produced in cattle, was European com borer, a caterpillar that annually spoils $400 recognized to increase milk production when injected into million in American crops unless deterred by heavy dairy cows as early as the 1930s. The recombinant treatments with pesticides. In Wisconsin, where farmers technology of the 1980s allowed production of large forfeit $800,000 yearly in crops and expenses in amounts of pure bST, which could be used to increase milk their losing battle against brown spot disease in green beans, yield and efficiency of production during part of the cow’s university researchers had to curb their hunt for a new- lactation period. biotech alternative because of difficulties getting approval Because it is a protein, bST is digested and inactivated for field tests. when eaten. Furthermore, bST is inactive in humans. One current focus of research is a tomato genetically People produce human somatotropin, but it is considerably engineered not to go soft for far longer than ordinary different in structure from bST. products. Its developer claims that it looks the same, feels Since cows produce bST naturally, it is and has always the same, and tastes the same as other tomatoes; its been present in their milk. Treating the animals with the nutritional value is identical. The only difference proposed levels of bST doesn’t increase the level of bST in researchers found — a difference achieved by isolating and milk above the levels occurring naturally. Nor does bST counteracting a single gene that makes tomatoes rot rapidly treatment alter the nutrient composition of milk. While — is that this tomato keeps longer. The reversal of that one FDA is still evaluating the animal and environmental safety gene in the 10,000 making up the plant is all that was of bST, the agency has determined that the milk from needed to make this biotech tomato significant. treated animals is safe for humans. Waiting in the wings is another tomato plant altered to Recently, five U.S. supermarket chains publicized their contain a bacterial protein toxic to plant-attacking insects refusal to buy dairy products from cows treated with bST. but not to other living things. The primary safety issues They curtailed purchases under pressure from a coalition of with both of these "new" tomatoes are whether their groups concerned with issues ranging from animal rights to introduction of single new properties might mask other an alleged current milk surplus and the survival of the small unforeseen changes as well, and whether the products of family farm. Uneasiness about the safety of consuming these new genes are safe to eat. dairy products from "expierimental animals" also apparently influenced the decision. The Context of Controversy When it comes to farm crops, the U.S. National Traditional biotechnology also continues to develop Academy of Sciences and its parent, the National Research even as the new biotech comes into play. A recent triumph Council (NRC), have not found any difference between the is the "beefalo," a hybrid animal whose meat combines the environmental safety of old and new biotech-derived plants. tenderness of domestic beef with the leanness of American In 1989, NRC reported that "crops modified by molecular buffalo. This development alarmed nobody and has won and cellular methods [i.e., the new biotechnology] pose risks consumer acceptance. no different from those modified by classical genetic Yet, when the traditional biotechnology of farmyard methods for similar traits." It also noted that no adverse

428 DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION1990 effects have developed from introductions of genetically spectacular form, however, the new biotechnology is already modified organisms. keeping its dinner date. For instance, Canadian salmon have Moreover, some scientists argue that the precisely been treated for most of this decade with a hormone that directed alterations of recombinant-DNA technology might allows them to mature three times faster than normal, in fact be far safer than the random shuffling of without changing the fish in any other way. characteristics inevitable under more traditional techniques. Most of the new biotech projects now in the works As the NRC puts it, because "the new molecular methods would do little to affect the taste or appearance of the food are more specific, users of these methods will be more on the plate, although a few promise to improve the certain about the traits they introduce into plants" than those and consistency of some vegetables or reduce the content using traditional methods. Many projects now in the works of some meats. Most address foods in ways that can’t to promote food safety (from displacing chemical pesticides readily be seen — by improving nutrition content, preventing or preservatives to improving food sanitation) are possible spoilage, or even eliminating the need for chemical only through the new methods. pesticides. Gene probes to detect rapidly the source of food-borne illnesses have already proven their worth to New Challenges for FDA health authorities. For example, a synthetic DNA probe In insuring a safe, nutritious food supply, FDA can’t recently was used to detect a shell-fish-related disease when be complacent about the implications of the new other detection methods failed. biotechnology — or any technology. Old biotechnology FDA recently surveyed more than 100 experts from occasionally posed regulatory puzzles, and FDA recognizes government, business, and the universities to find out what that the products of genetic technology give new twists to sorts of developments in food biotechnology to expect in the old regulatory questions. near future. The survey made clear that the floodgates of Take the concept of food adulteration, for instance. innovation are opening. Nearly 800 different developments The traditional idea of adulteration was that of impurities were reported as technically feasible, three-quarters of them being added to a food -- for instance, when milk might be potentially ready for commercial applications in a few years. exposed to Salmonella bacteria or in the case of fillers Prospects include meats with lower sodium and added to cereals. The new biotechnology, however, makes cholesterol content and longer shelf life, as well as weather- it possible to remove properties as well as to add them: the resistant crops with more abundant yield and nutritional long-lasting tomato, for example. There are many exciting content. Methods to better detect Listeria species or other possibilities — like engineering cows or hens to eliminate food-borne germs are coming, to Join the valuable gene the properties some people are allergic to in milk or eggs - probes already in use for detecting Salmonella and other but these undeniably raise questions about changes in bacteria. Plants engineered to do without chemical quality. pesticides are beginning to sprout. Potatoes might some day The ultimate question may be how many properties can be raised to last without preservatives. To the consumer’s be changed in an organism before it becomes something eye and palate, these first fruits of the new biotechnology else. A tomato improved in one specific way seems will seem only subtly different, but the benefits should be obviously to be still a tomato, but does it remain one if you substantial. alter it in 10 ways, or 20? When traditional methods "Biotech Burgers" won’t be available at the drive-in crossed the tangerine with a grapefruit, the new genetic any time soon. Apples the size of pumpkins aren’t right structure was clearly something else, now sold as a tangelo. around the comer. And don’t hold your breath waiting for The new biotech questions are far more subtle. FDA must Beazeley’s turnip vines. But there may soon be the option grapple with concepts of this sort as it considers the many of buying low-fat, low-cholesterol steaks, long-lasting, new biotech food applications now being developed. nutritionally superior vegetables, and p)esticide-free fmits abundant because of an extended growing season, all Biotechnology on Your Table courtesy of the new biotechnology. Markedly different or even novel foods probably won’t Reprinted from the FDA Consumer, March 1990. appear on the grocery shelves any time soon. In less

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONtlCVY 1990 429 News

A highlight of Harold’s career occurred in 1977 when the lAMFES bestowed on him the Sanitarians Distinguished Service Award. Harold and his wife, Darlene, live in Springfield where they enjoy gardening, photography, church activities and spoiling their grandkids.

American Academy of Sanitarians

If you have helped or are helping improve the Harold Bengsch environmental status of man, you may be eligible for certification through the American Intersociety Academy lAMFES Secretary Winner for Certification of Sanitarians. The society, formed in 1966, is dedicated to the Harold Bengsch through vote of the lAMFES recognition of professional quality and achievement membership will begin his term on the lAMFES Executive among sanitarians. Its members hope to provide cohesion Board in August, 1990. for this multi-disciplined and growing field. Harold Bengsch is Director of the Springfield-Greene Plans for the Academy were developed over a County Missouri Department of Health and has 30 years of period of several years by the Sanitarians Joint Council, continuous service in the field of public health with much founded in 1956. The Council was composed of of his professional experience in environmental representatives of the International Association of Milk, microbiology and epidemiology. Food and Environmental Sanitarians, the National Harold was raised on a dairy farm in Southwest Association of Sanitarians and the American Public Missouri and after completing high school at Billings he Health Association. The implementation of the AIACS attended college at Southwest Missouri State University in was made possible through support by all the sponsors. Springfield where he received his B.S. in a double major in The AIACS provides cohesion for the multi- Agriculture Science. Later he earned his Master of Science disciplined group, sanitarians. It recognizes the many in Public Health from the University of Missouri, Columbia, talents of people active in environmental health activities. School of Medicine. It certifies those who excel. In addition, he has completed post graduate training Certification as a Diplomate is not only a with the United States Public Health Service and the recognition of professional achievements, but it also Environmental Protection Agency in the field of Analysis enhances professional advancement. A diplomate is and Biomedical Effects of Environmental Contaminants. outstanding in the field. A diplomate can excel in Harold has been a long time member of the lAMFES leadership ix)sitions. and is past president of the Missouri affiliate. He has Unlike registration, which is merely a process or served on several different committees of the International listing, certification recognizes high achievement resulting and is currently a member of the Applied Laboratory from education and practice in the chosen profession. It Methods Committee and is Chairman of the Publications can’t be granted at the beginning of a career, nor does it Committee of Dairy. Food and Environmental Sanitation. grant authority to practice the profession. As Chairman of the DFES Publication Committee his major The requirements to become a Certified Diplomate goal has been that of enhancing the visibility of the are: International among practicing sanitarians and the promotion 1. Good moral character with acceptable ethical and of professional growth of the Journals’ readership. professional standing; Harold has just completed a 12 year period of service 2. Graduation, with a baccalaureate degree from an on the Executive Board of the National Conference on accredited college or university whose transcript indicates Interstate Milk Shipments and is a current member of the the successful completion of at least 30 credit hours in the MCIMS Laboratory Methods Committee. He is currently a physical and biological sciences. Also, a master’s or member of the State of Missouri Food Advisory Council higher degree in public health, the environmental health and the State Milk Board. In addition, he serves the Task sciences, or in an area of scientific or administrative Force on Clean Air, Clean Water and Toxic Waste specialization bearing upon environmental management Superfund of the United States Conference of Local Health must be possessed; Officers. 3. Evidence of qualification through education and

430 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/iULY 1990 experience to manage environmental factors for the maintaining safety through clear identification of toxic purpose of protecting and pomoting the health and quality materials with recommendations for safe storage practices of life of people; before final disposal is made. Information on corrective 4. Legal registration as a sanitarian in states that procedures to cope with an accidental release of require registration, or approval of the Academy’s Board hazardous waste also is included. of Directors if employed in a state not requiring To receive a copy of this new informative and registration. Criteria for approval are based upon the helpful literature on hazardous waste management, contact Model Act for Registration of Sanitarians; and Dexter Water Management Systems Division, 7145 Pine 5. Seven years of acceptable experience within the Street, P.O. Box 200, Chagrin Falls, Ohio 44022. various fields of environmental health. Acceptable Telephone: (216)247-50(K). experience includes; at least five years of full-time work in which the scope of duties was on a professional level with the additional two years in a capacity of responsible charge of work above staff level. Time spent in acquiring New Executive Director for the undergraduate and graduate degrees is not creditable as experience except that time spent in obtaining a doctoral Applied BioTreatment Association degree will be creditable less course time. (ABTA) One or more of the following - a written examination, an essay, and an oral interview - are also Ms. Katherine Devine succeeded Ms. Sue Moreland required to be certified as a Diplomate. as the Executive Director of the Applied BioTreatment Fees for the process include: Association (ABTA), which is comprised of biotreatment 1. Application fee of $15 firms interested in promoting the use of biological waste 2. Certification fee of $25 upxin acceptance; and treatment. Ms. Devine has a B.S. in Animal Science and 3. Renewal fee of $10 annually. a M.S. in Agricultural Economics and Marketing from the College of Agriculture and Environmental Science of All applications and fees should be made payable to: Rutgers University. Ms. Devine spent over ten years at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the office of American Academy of Sanitarians Pesticide Programs and the office of Toxic Substances as CAPT James W. Pees, USPHS a cost/benefit analyst of Agency regulations. Ms. Executive Secretary-Treasurer Devine’s work in the area of biotechnology has included: 14151 91st Court NE a regulatory impact analysis of the 1988 draft proposed Bothell, WA 98011 Office of Toxic Substances’ biotechnology rule, assess¬ (206)483-4956 ments of the benefits of usage of microorganisms that were the subject of the first industry notifications received Academy chairperson is Webster Young, Jr., Captain in the Office of Toxic Substances as well as coordinating USPHS, 19034 Quail Valley Blvd., Gaithersburg, MD Agency review of some of the more recent notifications 20879 (301)443-4644. submitted for released and contained uses of microorgan¬ isms. For more information contact Keith Kaufman, Presi¬ New Literature Reviews Guidelines dent of ABTA at (714)693-1877. for Managing Hazardous Waste by Small Quantity Generators Pass The Sauce -- Heavy on the

New literature from Dexter Water Management Spices, Hold the Salt and Fat Systems Division, Chagrin Falls, Ohio, provides essential information pertaining to handling small quantities of More and more Americans are working, and less hazardous waste in compliance with EPA guidelines. time is being spient in the kitchen. Quick cuisine often The literature concisely presents guides to help depends heavily on convenience products such as pre¬ businesses which generate "small" quantities of waste pared sauces to liven up a fast meal. Prepared sauces, material. This "small" amount is defined by the EPA as dressings and gravies were a $4.6 billion market in 1988 being no more than 2,200 pounds per month. Because (all figures are in constant 1988 U.S. dollars). Sales of state regulations vary, information in the literature is these products have been and will continue to be affected limited to federal regulations on handling hazardous by the trend to health consciousness: low fat, low calorie waste. and cholesterol-free products will gain in popularity. Procedures and precautions are outlined for safe There is also an increased interest in premium and gour¬ handling of corrosive, ignitable, reactive, and toxic met products and in exotic flavors, particularly spicy ones wastes. This information includes suggestions for such as Cajun and Mexican.

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mm] A A 4S224 45226 45228 45230 45232 — DISTRIBUTED BY — Please circle No. 112 on your Reader Service card EASTERN CROWN, INC. P.O. BOX 216 DISTRIBUTORS OF DAIRY SUPPLIES VERNON, NEW YORK A new 282-page report by Frost & Sullivan, Silliker Labs Offers "Sauces, Dressings and Gravy Market in the U.S." (#A2059) examines this market in depth and offers five- Antibiotic Screening year growth forecasts. Leading manufactures and marketing strategies are detailed, as well as statistics and Responding to numerous requests for antibiotic demographics. The overall market is expected to reach screening in milk, Silliker Laboratories announces the $5.5 billion by 1993. addition of antibiotic screens, using the Charm 11 test, to Spaghetti sauce is the largest market sector, with the lists of analyses offered by Silliker’s Chemistry De¬ sales of $992 million in 1988. It has and will continue to partment. benefit from the popularity of pasta. A pasta-and-sauce The presence of antibiotics in milk has been a con¬ meal is quick and easy to prepare and also economical. cern of the dairy industry, government regulatory agen¬ Recent line extensions include thick and chunky prepara¬ cies, consumer groups and the public for many years. An tions, and products stressing premium ingredients. 1993 article appearing in the December 29th Wall Street Jour¬ sales are forecast to reach $1.2 billion. The sector is nal prompted the recent attention. The article, written by dominated by Ragu (Unilever) and Prego (Campbell Bruce Ingersoll, describes a survey of fifty retail milk Soup); these two brands accounted for approximately 74% samples from ten major U.S. cities and a twenty sample of 1988 sales. survey from Washington, DC supermarkets. The nation¬ The highest growth level is forecast for specialty wide survey detected residues of sulfonamides, penicillin, sauces, with 1988 sales of $230 million expected to reach erythromycin or streptomycin in 38% of the samples. $415 million by 1993. This sector is broken down into The EXT study found sulfonamide residues in the range of four subgroups: hot/cajun, gourmet dry, gourmet liquid, 5-10 ppb in 20% of the samples. and seafood/cocktail. These products will benefit from an Regarding these findings, FDA spokesperson Bonnie increased demand for spicy and gourmet foods. Aikman stated, "FDA sees no public health threat associ¬ Oriental sauces will also experience a high level of ated with animal drug residues in milk at the levels re¬ growth. This is due to a consumer association of oriental ported by the Wall Street Journal." Nevertheless, the foods with healthfulness: light preparations of poultry, Food and Drug Administration has subsequently seafood and vegetables. Although many of these products announced that is has initiated a survey of grocery store are very salty, low-sodium formulations are offered. 1988 shelf milk in 13 U.S. cities. sales of $72 million are projected to increase to $128 Silliker Laboratories, a leading independent food¬ million over the forecast period. testing, consulting and research laboratory, has received The fashion for ethnic and spicy foods will fuel the many inquiries in the past several weeks regarding antibi¬ growth of Mexican sauces. Sales of $264 million in 1988 otic testing in milk. In response to this demand, Silliker’s are anticipated to grow to $420 million by 1993. principals announced that the Charm II antibiotic screen Whitman’s old El Paso line is the market leader here, for milk has been added to the analyses offered by their accounting for 32.2% of 1988 sales. Chemistry Department. Barbeque sauces and meat/poultry sauces will also The antibiotics included in the screen and sensitivity grow, driven by different- line extensions, the pref¬ of these assays are: Beta lactam (0.(X)8 lU/ml), Tetracy¬ erence for spicy foods, and the targeting by both sectors cline (200 ppb). Erythromycin (100 ppb). Streptomycin for use in poultry dishes, as health-conscious consumers (100 ppb). Novobiocin (50 ppb). Sulfonamides (10 ppb). move away from red meat. Chloramphenicol (100 ppb) and Gentamycin (50 ppb). Some of the largest market sectors will be stagnant The option of screening for individual antibiotics is avail¬ and even decline, due to the public’s avoidance of high able. Silliker assures rapid turn-around time. salt, high-fat products. Ketchup, a $470 million market For more information, call Dr. William Ikins, Chem¬ segment, will suffer from its long-time association with istry Lab Manager, or Mark Moorman, Laboratory Super¬ hamburgers and french fries, and from its high salt con¬ visor at (708)756-3210, or write Silliker Laboratories, tent. Sales of mayonnaise, which were $680 million in Inc., 1304 Halsted Street, Chicago Heights, IL 60411. 1988, will also drop, due to the high-fat and cholesterol Silliker Laboratories, providing the food industry with content of the product. professional and high-quality service for over 23 years, Other products studied in the report include gravy, has laboratories located in California, Illinois, Ohio, Geor¬ spoonable and pourable salad dressings, and mustard. gia, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Canada. For information, contact Customer Service, Frost & Sullivan, Inc., 106 Fulton Street, New York, NY 1(X)38. (212)233-1080.

DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONliVLN 1990 433 Sanitarian Professional Advisory Native American populations; and Author Banks received the NSF Environmental Leadership Award for being a Committee Meets strong proponent of voluntary consensus standards in the food industry. The 82nd meeting of the Sanitarian Professional In January, the Senate received nominations of the Advisory Committee of the Public Health Service was sanitarians, Daniel Almaguer and Charles Stanley for held at 9:00 a.m. on March 1, 1990, in Atlanta, Georgia. appointment to the Regular Corps. The SPAC sends The group discussed their Sanitarian Recruitment congratulations to these officers on their appointment. Plan, gave the Civil Service Report and discussed the The SPAC will attempt to have future meetings of Agency Representative Network throughout the course of the PHS coincide with several professional meetings and the meeting. to also exhibit at these meetings. The professional As of December 31, 1989, 299 commissioned meetings now included in this plan are the Commissioned officers, including 24 females, had been recruited as Officers Committee in June and the International sanitarians. Also included in this number are 25 Native Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians Americans, 3 Asians, 6 Blacks and 6 Hispanics. in August. To aid the process, a recruiting pamphlet was distributed at the National Environmental Health Association Annual Education Conference in Charlotte, NC, June 23-28. Milton Hult, Longtime President of Professional registration was emphasized as part of Dairy Council, Dies the Civil Service Report. To ensure that registration listings are current, provide documentation to LT Martha Milton Hult, president of National Diary Council Kent, Div. of Commissioned Personnel, OSG, 5600 from 1936 to 1968, died in Chicago May 7. He was 93. Fishers Lane, Parklawn Building, Room 4A-18, Rockville, Under his leadership. Dairy Council grew from a MD 20857. headquarters office and 20 affiliated offices to Under review, as part of the Agency Representative headquarters and more than 90 affiliated offices. The Network, is the 30-year retirement policy. Right now, organization also increased its prominence in the field of each agency can choose the policy it uses. The Force nutrition research and nutrition education during his 32- Management Model states that at least 15% of all officers year tenure. reaching 30 years of service could be retained. The An alumnus of Knox College in Galesburg, IL, Mr. Offset Promotion Policy allows the 15% retention rate, Hult also was graduated from the Harvard University but, excess of this would result in a corresponding officer School of Business Administration. He began his career not receiving a temporary promotion. The issue is by founding Superior Dairy Co. in Davenport, lA. He whether or not the Force Management Model should be was active in several government, nutrition and dairy used exclusively. industry organizations. He served as chairman of the The goals of the committee for the remainder of Dairy Society International and won numerous awards, 1990 are: including the New York World’s Fair Award for 1. Recruitment brochure-complete revision and have it distinguished service to agriculture. He was honored by printed for distribution; the American Dairy Science Association in 1968. 2. SPAC Bluebook and Training Resource Book-complete Mr. Hult represented the United States as an official revisions and have printed and distributed; delegate to three International Dairy Congresses - at the 3. Registration/Licensure Issue-appoint a committee to Hague in 1953, at Rome in 1956 and at London in 1959. make initial recommendation; During World War II, Mr. Hult worked for the Food 4. Assimilation criteria-reach agreement on type of masters degree required; and Nutrition Commission, which coordinated food 5. Recruitment plan-update and prepare annual reports; production and distribution to the armed forces, civilian 6. GS-688 Series-continue to address issue of upgrading population and the Allies. He later became a consultant Qualifications Standards or develop a comprehensive set of to the U.S. Department of Agriculture. He was appointed Classification Standards; to the Council of Physical Fitness by President Dwight D. 7. Career development-discuss writing a career Eisenhower. development program; Mr. Hult was a longtime resident of Lake Shore 8. Advice to Surgeon General-continue to serve advocacy Drive, Chicago. He is survived by his wife, Alice Cooley role and be prepared to advise on environmental issues when Hult. A May 18 memorial service is planned at appropriate. Emmanuel Lutheran Church in Rockford, IL, the town Some awards were also given at this meeting; LT where he was bom. Martha Kent was presented the PHS Citation and Plaque for her support to the SPAC; Richard J. Smith received an award of excellence from the John Hopkins University Injury Prevention Center for his leadership in developing an awareness that injuries are a compelling problem in

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DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONiJhLN 1990 435 in Bridge Demolition Workers infrequently associated with occupational exposure. • Massachusetts Lead pwisoning may occur when workers and employers fail to recognize the presence of lead or fail to In March 1988, lead poisoning was diagnosed in five adhere to accepted safety guidelines. Recent reviews of of nine workers employed by a contractor to demolish a workers’ compensation data and laboratory-based lead bridge spanning a river in western Massachusetts. A registries indicate that workers at highest risk for lead subsequent investigation by the Occupational Safety and toxicity include persons who work in lead smelters, storage battery-manufacturing plants, plastic-compounding factories, Health Administration (OSHA) determined that from and nonferrous foundries. Construction or demolition work November 1987 through early March 1988 four of the affected workers had used acetylene torches to cut apart that involves cutting through lead-coated metal structures, a process that generates high concentrations of lead fumes, large sections of the bridge; the fifth had cut these sections into smaller pieces on a barge moored below the bridge. can also present substantial risk for lead toxicity. Lead In March 1988, two of the five workers involved in the poisoning has been described in workers who repair and cutting process sought medical advice: one had headaches disassemble ships and roofs, dismantle elevated subway and myalgia, and the other had nausea and arthralgia. lines, and demolish and strip paint from bridges. Blood-lead levels (BLL) (tested on the basis of occupational Construction workers in the United States are excluded history) were 78 and 67 pg/dL, resp)ectively. The three from regulation under the OSHA Lead Standard. However, other workers involved in the cutting process were then other OSHA regulations governing the construction industry evaluated; their reported symptoms included joint stiffness, require respiratory protection for workers who use torches abdominal pain, irritability, and memory loss. BLLs in to cut through toxic coatings, such as lead- these workers were 58, 74, and 160 pg/dL. The highest containing paints, and mandate engineering controls or BLL, 160 pg/dL, occurred in the worker assigned to the respiratory protection for workers exposed to airborne lead barge. Because the four remaining crew members had not at concentrations >299 |J.g/m\ worked in areas where they would have been exposed to As bridges in the United States age, they will require lead fumes, they were not tested. demolition or rebuilding. Construction workers engaged in Four of the five affected workers were treated with these processes are at risk for hazardous lead exposure. chelation therapy (calcium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid Proper preventive measures, including engineering controls [EDTA]). Each worker excreted substantial amounts of lead and appropriate use of respirators, should be carefully and experienced a decline in symptoms. The fifth worker, implemented. Physicians caring for construction workers who had a BLL of 58 pg/dL, demonstrated elevated lead should take thorough occupational histories and be aware excretion when given a test dose of EDTA. However, that worker engaged in bridge demolition work may be at because he had become asymptomatic and had no evidence increased risk for occupational lead poisoning. of organ damage, he was not treated with chelation therapy. MMWR 10/13/89 The OSHA investigation determined that paint covering the bridge contained 30% lead (by weight). Respirators available to the workers were not always equipped with cartridges that protected against lead fumes. The workers Lead Poisoning Associated with Intravenous- were not trained to OSHA standards in respirator use and Methamphetamine Use - Oregon, 1988 wore the respirators infrequently. In addition, the employer had not provided clean work clothing or handwashing and Between August 1 and September 6, 1988, 14 cases of eating facilities for the workers. OSHA cited the contractor non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis were reported in Marion for violating several regulations governing proper use of County, Oregon, to the Oregon Health Division (OHD) by respirators. the county health department and private physicians. Editorial Note: Based on findings from the 1981-1983 Previously, an average of less than one case per month was National Occupational Exposure Survey, an estimated reported in the county. During the same period, OHD 827,650 U.S. workers have potential work-related exposure learned that eight intravenous-methamphetamine users to lead (excluding leaded gasoline) (CDC, unpublished (IVMUs) in Oregon thought to have NANB hepatitis had data). In the workplace, the respiratory tract is the major also been recently diagnosed with lead poisoning. A route of lead absorption. Clinical manifestations of statewide media campaign describing the lead poisoning occupational lead poisoning, which usually occur when outbreak was conducted to alert IVMUs, physicians, and BLLs exceed 40 pg/dL, can vary greatly in severity and county health departments. In addition, OHD implemented include abdominal pain, anorexia, fatigue, arthralgia, a reporting system for suspected and confirmed lead headaches, irritability, depression, impotence, anemia, and poisoning cases. hyperuricemia. Encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathies, A suspected case of IVMU-associated lead poisoning and impaired renal function have been reported, but are was defined as three or more of the following symptoms in 436 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/IVLY 1990 f

an IVMU: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, lower back SGOT levels (median: 124IU/L). However, elevations of and leg pains, weakness, weight loss, and anorexia. A bilirubin (median: 2.4 mg/dL) and marked increases in confirmed case was defined as seronegativity for both acute SGOT levels in some of these persons are unusual in lead and acute hepatitis B and a blood-lead level of poisoning. Particularly because IV-drug use is the most >40pg/dL (1.93 pmol/L) and/or an erythrocyte commonly identified risk factor reported by persons with protoporphyrin (EP) level of >60 pg/dL (1.06 pmol/L) in an NANB hepatitis, some of these patients may have had either IVMU. acute or chronic NANB hepatitis of viral etiology in In 1988, 37 suspected and 14 confirmed cases were addition to lead poisoning. Alternatively, these reported to OHD; in 1989, no suspected or confirmed cases abnormalities in SGOT and bilirubin may have resulted were reported. Clinical evaluation for lead poisoning was from exposure to solvents used to manufacture the completed for 19 suspected cases. In six, blood-lead levels methamphetamine. Physicians should be aware that acute were <25 pg/dL (1.21 pmol/L); the other 13 had blood-lead lead poisoning can have many signs and symptoms similar levels of >40 pg/dL, and/or EP levels of >60 pg/dL. One to those of NANB hepatitis and that illicit methamphetamine person with an uncertain history of methamphetamine use can contain substantial amounts of lead. was asymptomatic but had a blood-lead level of 87 pg/dL During the outbreak, the OHD notified health care (4.2 pmol/L). providers that any NANB hepatitis case should be reviewed The 14 confirmed case-patients ranged in age from 24 for possible lead poisoning. Because there have been no to 36 years (mean: 27.1; median: 29); 11 were male. indications of a continuing problem, no further actions have Except for one person who had onset in March 1988, onset been taken. of symptoms occurred between July 20 and August 17, MMWR 12/8/89 1988. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain, vomiting, constipation, nausea, and weakness; duration of symptoms ranged from 3 weeks to 6 weeks. Blood-lead levels ranged from 49 pg/dL to 513 pg/dL. Analysis of an Dioxin and Milk Safety illicit methamphetamine sample provided by one of the patients with confirmed lead poisoning detected 60% lead FDA studies have shown that dioxin levels in milk by weight. from bleached paper cartons are extremely low and do not Editorial Note: This report has two important clinical and present a health hazard. The agency has confirmed reports public health implications. First, lead poisoning may not be that dioxin, which contains a compound known to cause diagnosed if physicians do not have a high index of cancer in animals, migrates from bleached paper cartons into suspicion, especially for illness in persons not usually the milk they contain. However, studies show that levels in considered to be at risk for lead poisoning. Second, illicit these products measure well below 1 part per trillion. products may be grossly contaminated with poisonous If findings in test animals have a parallel in humans, substances. Products manufactured in clandestine FDA tentatively estimates that the lifetime cancer risk of laboratories have caused substantial mortality and morbidity consuming milk packaged in cartons over the next three to (e.g., parkinsonism in drug users exposed to l-methyl-4- five years would be less than one in a million. phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-contaminated meperidine As FDA was testing dioxin levels in milk, the paper analogs and toxic-oil syndrome following use of industry developed techniques for producing bleached paper contaminated rapeseed oil). containers that contribute no dioxin to milk and other foods Acute lead poisoning from IV exposure to lead has they package. been previously reported; some of these cases resulted from "Because we now have the means to virtually eliminate illicit methamphetamine use. In the Oregon outbreak, the even the low level of dioxin in milk from bleached paper total number of IVMUs affected by lead-contaminated cartons, it is prudent to do so," FDA Commissioner Frank methamphetamine was probably greater than reported E. Young, M.D., Ph.D., said. "However," he added, "during because the case definition excluded IVMUs with blood-lead the short period of time it will take to complete corrective levels <40|Xg/dL. In addition, the population at risk (i.e., steps, milk is safe to drink." IVMUs) is difficult to study; almost half the suspected cases Dioxin is chemical shorthand for a large family of were lost to follow-up, and many exposed or ill persons compounds. The substance in milk cartons is formed from probably did not identify themselves to health-care reactions between chlorine and certain materials in paper providers. products. FDA will closely monitor the changes in paper The clustering of cases within a 1-month period manufacturing techniques and the levels of dioxin in milk as suggests a point-source epidemic. Whether contamination industry changes its production processes. of the methamphetamine with lead-containing material was FDA Consumer, November 1989. deliberate or a result of inadequate processing is unknown. However, lead acetate is a reagent in the manufacture of phenyl-2-propanone, a precursor of methamphetamine in the amalgam process. Most of the Oregon patients had only slightly elevated

DA/RY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/IVLY 1990 437 Forum For Professional Sanitarians ■■

This is tnily the information age. Access to the right with health issues. A copy of the ERIC Directory can be information at the right time can make a non-expert an expert. obtained for $10 from: ACCESS ERIC, 1600 Research Blvd., Application of the right information at the right time can be the Rockville, Maryland 20850. difference between prevention and a disease outbreak - between - On October 17, 1990, the Federal Emergency a non-accident and a community disaster. Management Agency (FEMA) will broadcast a two hour Professionals with limited access to information will have television seminar on "Emergency Food and Shelter." The a difficult time keeping up with new developments and seminar will be available over the Emergency Education technologies in their field. Professionals can obtain technical Network from 2 pm - 4 pm. FEMA also provides other information from a number of sources: professional journals, televised seminars related to health aspects of community trade publications, information hotlines, and computerized data emergencies and disasters. To obtain more information on the bases to name a few. Many lAMFES members already use October program and how this unique TV network can be used these sources of information on a routine basis. by your organization, write FEMA, Emergency Education One source that is missing from the above listing is the Network, National Emergency Training Center, Emmitsbury, lAMFES Annual Meeting. Last year’s annual meeting was a MD 21727, or call (301)447-1068. record breaking year for attendance. Even though 1989 - The state of Illinois has issued a technical release on attendance was high only 1 in 10 readers were able to attend. Histamine/Scrombroid Foodbome Illness. The technical release Make every effort to attend this year’s meeting in Illinois and provides an excellent outline for conducting a modified obtain information that will help you grow professionally. HACCP inspection as part of a foodbome illness investigation. Access to information is also important for organizations. Send a self addressed and stamped envelope to obtain a copy Organizations with limited access to information may make of the HACCP inspection outline. important decisions based on inappropriate assumptions. - A new publication: "Public Health Consequences of lAMFES members will be making an important decision in the Disasters 1989" can be obtained free from the Centers for near future concerning a name change for our organization. Disease Control, Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Decisions on this issue need to be based on adequate Effects (F28), 1600 Clifton Road N.E., Atlanta, GA 30333, information about the entire membership. (404)488-4682. Last year our new Executive Manager, Steve Halstead, suggested an excellent way to obtain information about our Homer C. Emery, RS diverse membership. Steve proposed that a member survey be Chair, FDA Interpretations Committee conducted. By the time you read this column such a survey may already be in progress. July Field Inspection Quiz Hopefully, the membership survey will include questions concerning professional categories of members and You’re the QA expert for "Southern Fried USA", a national restaurant chain. The Vice-President for marketing has asked you to prepare an employment; registration, certification, and other professional information paper about the use of irradiation for the control of pathogenic and credentials; membership in other professional and trade spoilage bacteria in poultry. What information should you include: organizations; and the range of environmental sanitation programs members are involved in. 1. Historically, FDA has approved to control: A. insects in wheat and wheat flour (I%3) No matter how well a survey is designed or the number B. sprout development in white potatoes (1964) of questions included the final success depends on individual C. in pork (1985) members taking time to respond. When a membership survey D. All the above is received take time to complete it and return it. Your response will help provide important information that will help 2. Levels of irradiation approved by FDA have been limited to: A. 3 kiloGray B. 30 rads this organization grow and to provide even better membership C. 0.3 kiloGray D. 10 picoCuries support. If the information from a membership survey shows that For poultry FDA has approved the use of: we have far fewer sanitarians than in the past or that most A. gamma radiation B. electron radiation members are only interested in food then a name change should C. X-ray D. All the above certainly be considered. We may find that the ”S" in lAMFES Irradiation at the levels approved for poultry will: should stand for Scientists or maybe we need to change the "S" A. Kill all pathogens B. Sterilize the product to an "E" for Experts/Executives/Engineers/ Educators. C. Reduce the number of bacteria present OFF THE CLIPBOARD: - The Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) in Rockville, Maryland is a unique 5. Irradiated poultry at the approved levels will: A. require proper refrigeration source of information. ERIC has published the ERIC Directory B. be able to be stored at room temperature of Education Related Information Centers that serves as a guide C. be required to be stored at 50°F or below to more than 200 sources of specialized information related to D. be required to be frozen. education. Many of the sources in this directory are concerned Answers to June FIQ: 1. (D); 2. (B); 3. (A); 4. (A); 5. (B)

438 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIJULY 1990 Industry Products

For the first time, food processors, food service companies and other manufacturers can use ILTs near production areas without the dangers associated with lamps accidently broken. The plastic coating will contain virtually all broken glass and phosphors in the event of an accident. No longer is it necessary to move ILTs to a "safe" area during lamp change-over. Shat-R-ShieM, Inc. - Salisbury, NC

Please circle No. 303 Quick, Durable and on your Reader Service Card Economical... Seton Offers Vinyl Pipe Markers to Meet any Need The Surge Premium Soft irtflation offers a softer, gender touch with the longer life of a regular- Seton Name Plates Company’s wide formulation inflation (1,000 to 1,200 cow milk¬ ings). selection of pressure sensitive Vinyl Pipe Markers is your answer to quick, economical pipe identification. Constructed of highly New Milker Inflation durable vinyl these markers are made to last. Combines Soft Touch With Available in many sizes and colors, and as Durability individual or roll form markers, there’s a marker to meet every need. Surge dealers are introducing a new Seton offers over 100 standard legends, milking inflation that provides the two and most markers are in stock and ready for characteristics (softness and durability) most immediate shipment. Custom markers are also New Microprocessor dairy operators want, in one inflation. The available to meet special color or wording Controlled Nitrogen and Surge Premium Soft inflation uses a special tri¬ requirements. A complete line of Arrows-On- Sulfur Analyzers polymer rubber formulation to reduce slipping A-Roll and Color-Coded Banding Tapes are and squawking by combining flexibility with also available to ensure marker adhesion. The new ANTEK 7000 Elemental durability. For a complete listing of wordings, sizes Analyzer utilizes the proven technology of Research and field testing, based on more and styles, and FREE catalog than 100 million cow milkings, led to the Seton Name Plate - New Haven, CT Pyro-chemiluminescent™ Nitrogen Analysis and Pyro-fluorescent™ Sulfur Analysis. The 7000 development of the Premium Soft inflation. employs separate, easy-to-install detectors for The result is a softer, gentler touch with the Please circle No. 302 longer life of a regular-formulation inflation on your Reader Service Card nitrogen and sulfur. Buy one detector and add another at any time. The system can be (1,0(K) to 1,200 cow milkings). configured for nitrogen analysis, sulfur analysis, It fits Jet-Flo shells and large-nippled or simultaneous nitrogen and sulfur analyses. milking units. The dome has been designed to ONE INJECTION - TWO RESULTS. fit special C.I.P. manifold cup holders for easier Completely microprocessor controlled, the removal and a more positive seal with the ANTEK 7000 features onboard, dual channel shell. data handling, battery protected methods and Surge - Naperville, IL date storage, internal and external timed events, internal calibration and data reduction, and Please circle No. 305 more. on your Reader Service Card The 7000 performs total nitrogen and/or total sulfur determination on gas, liquid, and solid samples. Typical analysis times are 30 seconds for gases and liquids, 1 to 10 minutes Announcement for VICAM for solids and viscous liquids. A direct digital read-out displays results in concentration; parts VICAM is proud to announce that a New Plastic-Coated per million, nanograms, percent, or other. The method using the AFLATEST immunoaffinity systems have an analytical range of low ppb to Fluorescent Lamps column has been granted Interim Official First 3% nitrogen, and low ppb to 40% sulfur. Action status by the Association of Official Antek Instruments, Inc. - Houston, TX Shat-R-Shield*, Inc. announced a new Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The study was addition to its line of plastic-coated fluorescent sponsored by the AOAC and the International Please circle No. 304 lamps. The company, after years of research Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (lUPAC). on your Reader Service Card and development, has introduced the first coated AFLATEST columns are used for rapid. black light lamp, designed for use in insect light quantitative detection of in feeds, traps (ILTs) or insect electrocutors. foods, grains, nuts and dairy products. It is a

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIIULN 1990 439 fast and easy technique utilizing monoclonal antibody technology. A poster presentation of the recently approved method will be displayed at the Clarion Hotel in New Orleans from September 10-13 at the AOAC meeting. During this meeting, the method will be voted upon by the membership in consideration of Official First Action Status. Vicam • Sommerville, MA

Please circle No. 306 on your Reader Service Card

Bench Top Incubators

Science/Electronics introduces the Series "El" Incubators for durable, accurate and Sparta "Meteor" Pastry!Basting Brush dependable bench-top performance year after year. The "El" Series is available in four Sparta Brush Introduces models with sizes from 2 to 9 cubic feet. Meteor Line Temperatures range from above ambient to 80°C and feature sensitivity of + 0.5“C, utilizing a proportional control system with Sparta Brush Company has introduced a platinum resistance sensing elements. totally new concept in pastry/basting brushes The four models feature plastic coated with it’s Meteor line. galvanized steel outer case and welded stainless Sparta’s Meteor pastry/basting brushed steel interior, including moveable perforated feature a molded-in-the-handle hook allowing it Wheaton/Anocell Porous trays. The Incubators are available with either to hang on the lip of a bain marie or other Tissue Culture Insert convection or forced systems. Safety is basting pot. This feature eliminates bristle provided via thermal sensors for over¬ Provides Superior Substrate bum, melt and distortion which often results temperature and heater burnout protection. The when the brush rests on the bottom of the hot for Observing Cultured Cells heavy duty single-latch insulated outside is pan. The hook also functions as a prop to backed up by a tempered glass inner door with elevate the bristles when laying the brush on a seal allowing incubator observation without loss counter. The elevation keeps the bristles from Wheaton/Anocell is a new porous Tissue of environment. picking up other food residues and possible Culture Plate Insert which offers Cell Biologists Science/Electronics - Dayton, OH bacteria from the counter top. a superior system for observing cell growth Meteor pastry/basting brushes are available during culturing and allows easy removal of the Please circle No. 309 in 2” and 3" sizes with white nylon bristles and rigid membrane for further studies. on your Reader Service Card white plastic handles or genuine bleached and Wheaton/Anocell Inserts incorporate the sterilized bore bristles with plastic sandalwood unique Anopore inorganic membrane which color handles. provides a uniform surface for cell attachment Sparta Bmsh Company is a leading Clements Associates Inc. and growth. The increased porosity of the manufacturer of high quality specialized brushes membrane permits a free diffusion of ions, Manufactures Hand-Operated for the food service, dairy, process, janitor macromolecules and other nutrients to both the supply and gourmet industries. Soil Sampling Equipment baso-lateral and apical plasma membranes of Sparta Brush Company • Sparta, WI attached cells. In addition, the Anopore Clements Associates Inc. manufactures a membrane becomes virtually transparent when Please circle No. 308 complete line of hand-operated soil sampling wet providing excellent microscopic observation on your Reader Service Card equipment. Their free 24 page catalog of cell growth. describes several probe handles, bucket augers, Wheaton/Anocell Tissue Culture Inserts and sampling tubes with removeable liners. It are available in two sizes, conveniently spotlights a probe that uses a sliding drop- packaged in 6 well strips in boxes of 12 and 48. hammer to drive a 36 inch long sampling tube Anocell 10 devices are designed to fit standard into the ground and a food-operated jack to 24 well plates and Anocell 25 devices are retrieve it. With their equipment, samples as designed to fit standard 6 well plates. small as 0.9 inches in diameter up to 3 inches The Wheaton Agency • Millville, NJ in diameter from 10 feet or more below ground level may be obtained. Equipment is sold as Please circle No. 307 complete kits or individual parts. Clements on your Reader Service Card Associates Inc., R.R. #1, Box 186, Newton, lA 50208, Phone (515)792-8285 or (800)247-6630.

Please circle No. 310 on your Reader Service Card

440 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONliVLY 1990 SAFE AT THE PLATE

S ^

THE NATIONAL FOOD SAFETY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM

Food safety certification—It^s the only way to play. Today, food safety is a key part of any successful game course materials from in-house group training to plan for foodservice operators. In fact, with cus- independent home study. tomers more concerned about sanitation than ever, SERVSAFE offers an array of food safety training you can’t play it too safe. resources to suit the needs of the foodservice indus- The Educational Foundation of the National try. In addition to training and certifying managers. Restaurant Association can help. We wrote the we provide products and services to train everyone book on food safety and now we’re doing more by from corporate trainers to line employees. Our staff offering a dynamic new educational and certifica- can teach instructors how to present an effective tion program called SERVSAFE'^' sanitation course, or we can even conduct the course This comprehensive program educates, tests and for you. certifies managers in food safety using our Applied Play it safe with SERVSAFE. Foodservice Sanitation (AES) course, the industry For ordering information, call us toll free at standard for more than 15 years. We provide all 1-800-765-2122.

National Restaurant Association THE EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION.

250 S. Wacker Dr, Suite 1400, Chicago, IL 60606-5834 312-715-1010

Please circle No. 124 on your Reader Service Card DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/iULY 1990

I Book Reviews

The Clean Water Act Compliance Handbook by Russell S. • Information - Gathering and Enforcement. Frye, Esq. is available through Executive Enterprises • Underground Storage Tank Program Under Sub Publications Co., Inc., New York, New York. Title I. and a Glossary of Acronyms. This publication (part of a series of Environmental The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Compliance Handbooks) is designed to provide accurate and tends to be very complicated and this text attempts to authoritative information regarding the Clean Water Act. simplify and provide an overview of the RCRA for persons The intention is to provide a summary of the regulatory responsible for compliance by summarizing key statutory programs under the Federal Clean Water Act to those parties provisions, regulations, current EPA issues, and significant responsible for complying with applicable legal cases. It also familiarizes the reader with the RCRA requirements. regulatory scheme. The majority of the handbook consists of eight chapters The reader is advised not to use this text to handle on the following topics: specific questions that address a particular set of facts. The • Overview of Obligations Under The Clean Water Act. text also does not address special provisions for farmers and • NPDES Permit Requirements. for exports and imports of hazardous waste. • Requirements for Industrial Dischargers to Publicly Owned Treatment Works. Kevin Anderson • Reporting, Prevention, and Cleanup of Spills. City Sanitarian, Ames Health Department • Dredge and Fill Permit Program. Ames, IA 5(X)10 • Permit Requirements for Sewage Sludge Storage, Use, or Disposal. • Understanding EPA and State Enforcement. Microbial Recontamination in Dairy Processing. • Avoiding and Defending Citizen Suits. Proceedings of the International Congress, Thiene, Italy, The material in the handbook is aimed at compliance May 28th, 1987. Published by the Istituto di Tecnica e efforts. It concentrates on statutory and regulatory Sperimentazione Lattiero-casearia di Thiene, Italy. 110 pp. requirements key to maintaining compliance. The remainder of the handbook contains four Food scientists are usually on the lookout for new appendices that deal with reporting and inspection methods to prevent the microbial recontamination of checklists, an excellent Glossary of Terms, and a very processed foods. Unfortunately, this small book does little comprehensive Reading List. to enlighten one about this important food industry issue. Most food processors are already educated on the material Kevin Anderson covered in this book. It was apparent that the original text City Sanitarian, Ames Health Department was prepared in a language other than English and the Ames, IA 50010 translation lost the general flow of the English we know and expect, including sentence structure, punctuation, and spelling. The RCRA Compliance Handbook by Charlotte L. Neitzel, The papers included in this book were directed toward Esq. is another text in a series of Environmental Compliance the microbial contamination of and cheese during Handbooks available through Executive Enterprises manufacturing. Much of the text was a review of yeasts Publications Co., Inc., New York, New York. and mold characteristics with only limited application to dairy products and processing. The chapter that included The RCRA Handbook consists of seven chapters on mold control in dairy plants may be of value to dairy foods the following topics: processors as might the chapter on cheese mites. • What Materials are Hazardous Wastes that are This book is hardly a "must" for any technical library Regulated Under RCRA. nor for dairy foods researchers and technologists. • Standards Applicable to Generators and Transporters. • Treatment, Storage and Disposable Facilities ("TSD Bill LaGrange Facilities"). Extension Food Scientist • Land Disposal Restrictions. Iowa State University, Ames • Permitting.

442 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JVLY 1990 Please circle No. 161 on your Reader Service Card

/■ i K V

) }! ''V ' V ^ V X* ^ ^ m MOLD AND bdr«]T

Don't just clean off mold and mildew, prevent its regrowth. Mytek Is a ready*to*use liquid containing water repellents and the fungus-fighting ingredient Copper-8-Ouinolinolate. It works by penetrating the surface of porus materials, eliminating deep-seated fungi, then sealing pores to prevent regrowth. This penetrating-sealing action means once a surface is treated with Mytek, rain, washing or routine maintenance won't affect its fungus-fighting power. One application assures long-lasting, effective MOLD AND MILDEW PREVENTION! Mytek 845 is EPA registered, USDA authorized and FDA accepted. Distributed by: Celcor Products Kraft Chemicals Damron Chemicals 29-75 Riverside Ave. 1975 N. Hawthrone Ave. 1534 Dunwoody Village Pky. Newark NJ 07104 Melrose Park, IL 60160 Atlanta, CA 30338 (201) 485-3212 (312) 345-8210 (404) 394-4090

® Registered trademark of Maag Agrochemicals, Inc.

On site testing SOBl^ products for W OVER 1 MILLION TRAPS SOLD PROVES IT. sanitizers.

It s a fact! EATON S' STICK- EM 'Glue Traps revolutionized the pest control industry by of- NNi—-- fering a ciean, effective, low Dry reagent strips costalternativetopoisons. We ,,^^3 ^ hOVG COnsiSiGntly l©Cl th© woy ^gf (]q* ior»g % 5- wide x 3/8’deep) ^d for potency and by offering PROFESSiONAL mouse (41/2 long x 31/4'wide x 3/8'deep) QUALiTY traps backed by a company with more than 50 THE BEST GUARANTH residual levels of... years of professional pest con- IN THE BUSINESS! • CHLORINE • PEROXIDE • foi youi''And Remember you get EATON'S' satisfaction e COST EFFECTIVE guarantee • GLUTARALDEHYDE

Call Your Local Distributor for ^»J Information rod^ control Research Corp. J.T. EATON & CO. INC. 1393 E. Highland Road. Twinsburg. Cmio 44(387 RO. Box 4002 Phone: (800)321-3421 • In Ohio (216) 425-7801 • Fax (216) 425-8353 Elkhart, IN 46514-0002 • 1990 Jt EATON & CO. INC AH rights reserved EATONS'. > regntefed troderiYortcs of the J Smn Please circle No. 101 on your Reader Service Card Please circle No. 106 on your Reader Service Card Stop by our Exhibit at the lAMFES Annual Meeting DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIJULY 1990 443 77th lAMFES Annual Meeting Exhibit Preview

A & B Process Systems Atkins Technical, Digital L J. Bianco and Associates Corp. Food Thermometers

3401 SW 40th Blvd., Gainesville, FL Consultants in Food Production Controls Process Flow Systems Specialists 32608 Tel: (800)284-2842. Atkins and Production Operations. We provide QC displaying their broad range of Products and manufactures a line of digital thermocouple and QA Audits; Evaluation Programs in Services which include Process Flow thermometers and 150 thermocouple probes. Sanitation and (JC; Technical and Employee Engineering, Project Management, Kits for the sanitarian, restaurant operator, Training. We have GMP (Good Manufacturing Process/Mechanical Installation and Custom dairy, food processor, or food safety specialists Practices) and GSP (Good Sanitation Practices) Stainless Steel Fabrication/Machining. A & B with accuracy and durability in mind. Featured manuals and training slides, booklets and Process Systems vast experience with the are O-ring sealed digital thermometers with an videos. We have plant and warehouse Design/Implementation of CIP Units/Systems accuracy of +I°F, and multiple probe kits. sanitation and pest control procedures and and Auxiliary Equipment, will be featured. programs. Expert Witness on Product Quality, Other items include Tanks, Transfer Panels, Circle Reader Service No. 234 Plant Sanitation and Plant QC and QA. Manifolds. Platforms and Hanger Accessories. Circle Reader Service No. 238 Circle Reader Service No. 231 AquaTec, Inc.

AquaTec is an equipment/supply and turnkey construction company specializing in Capitol Vial, Inc. Advanced Instruments, Inc. industrial water and wastewater treatment. Our New Tamper Evident Vials Needham Heights, MA registered professional engineers are experienced in most engineering disciplines such that we can offer complete turnkey services. We have built treatment systems for We will display our All New Tamper Advanced Instruments presents two new Food, Dairy, Pulp and Paper, Chemical, Plating, Evident and Tamper Proof Vials, produced in a products for the dairy laboratory: the Landfill Leachate and other industrial wastes. class 10.000 FDA certified clean room. Capitol Ruorophos Test System””, an AOAC-approved AquaTec provides innovative solutions to Vial manufactures one piece, hinged top cap, 3-minute quantitative assay for alkaline wastewater problems. leak proof, airtight (over 30 psi internal phosphatase activity in all fluid dairy products, pressure) plastic sterile vials. In addition to including cheese; and the 4D3, a Circle Reader Service No. 235 various size vials, Capitol has a complete line microprocessor controlled cryoscope, which of accessory items such as; automatic vial requires no cooling bath, runs 45 tests per hour, opener and closer, styrofoam vial shippers, poly and automatically displays % added water. Aquionics Inc. cell rafts and wire racks to transport vials. Visit our booth or call (617)449-3000 for a demonstration. Erlanger, KY Circle Reader Service No. 239

Circle Reader Service No. 232 Manufacturer of Ultraviolet Disinfection Equipment for use in Food and Dairy Chem Bio Consultants and Industries. American Type Culture Applications include water, air and surface Laboratories Collection (ATCC) disinfection. Use UV to kill Microorganisms in plant water, sweet water, cottage cheese curd wash water and all captive water systems. Chem Bio is an independent laboratory Aquionics have experienced personnel on Microorganisms, Cell Lines, Viruses, and and consulting organization serving the food, hand to review your application. Recombinant Genetic Materials (clones, probes, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries with libraries, oncogenes, vectors, hosts, molecularly expertise in the areas of testing, consulting, Circle Reader Service No. 236 cloned viruses) from the SOURCE for education, and research. Microbiological and biological cultures. The ATCC is a nonprofit chemical testing is done according to FDA, organization dedicated to the preservation and USDA, AOAC, and USP methods. Chem Bio world-wide distribution of biological cultures Becton Dickinson is a USDA recognized and IDPH certified for industry, research and education. Free Microbiology Systems laboratory and operates under the direction of catalogues are available with extensive Dr. Robert H. Deibel. information on all ATCC cultures. (800)638- 6597. Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems, Circle Reader Service No. 240 Cockeysville, MD (Booth 9) will exhibit Circle Reader Service No. 233 products utilized for the cultivation and identification of foodbome pathogens, including Salmonella and Listeria. In addition, the company will exhibit autoclave controls and complete line of bottled media utilized in sterility testing and environmental monitoring.

Circle Reader Service No. 237

444 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JVLY 1990 Commercial Testing Educational Testing Glengarry Biotech Laboratory, Inc. Services/COPA Div. of Flockton Analytical

Internationally recognized independent Educational Testing Service/Center for laboratory founded in 1952. We provide Occupational & Professional Assessment chemical and microbiological analyses for the The Company is dedicated to supplying (ETS/COPA) provides the Food Protection food industry, agribusiness arena, as well as all analytical tests for food safety. These tests are Certification Program to test the knowledge of generators of wastewater. Our staff of 40 pros, in kit form. Displayed will be Redigel, the food service personnel responsible for 7 of which are degreed biologists or chemists, Pectin Gel Agar replacement with the featured prevention, detection and correction of stands ready to perform tests you need; product Cholichrome II. Also on display will foodbome illness in food service establishments. accurately and quickly. Please let us know how be the BR Test for the detection of Veterinary For more information contact the Program we can help you. (800)962-5227. FAX Drug Residues in Milk, Meat, Fish, Egg and Director, Betsy Willey, (215)750-8427. (715)962-4030. (715)962-3121. Ask for Arlan Honey. Phone: (613)936-2722 FAX: (613)936- Henke or Pam Cane. 2716. Circle Reader Service No. 245

Circle Reader Service No. 241 Circle Reader Service No. 249 Charles Felix Associates Custom Control Products, Charles Felix Associates is a consulting Gustafson Inc., Plano, TX Inc. firm specializing in public health promotion, particularly in the area of food safety. The Automatic Sampler Div. We are an Electrical Process Engineering CFA exhibit offers samples of CFA Group that designs and builds Electrical publications: Food Protection Report and Food Automation Control Systems for the Food, Talk: also materials from CFA clients relating Gustafson will display a new Dairy Dairy, and Beverage Industries. Custom to single service (the Foodservice & Packaging Sampler for sampling milk powder in gravity Control Products seeks to provide our customers Institute) and ice sanitation (the Packaged Ice chutes and hoppers. The sampler is USDA with the most cost effective systems, allowing Association). approved for 3A Dairy applications and is them to grow and serve the needs of their constructed of 304 SS with high polish auger customers. By providing the highest quality Circle Reader Service No. 246 and Tri-Clover connections for quick Process/CIP Control Design, together with breakdown and cleaning. The sampler can be Field/Start Up Service, we offer a complete Foss Food Technology used with a special sample viewing chamber for Engineering package. Corporation on-line moisture control using NIR type Circle Reader Service No. 242 equipment. Contact Joseph Armao for further details at (214)985-8877. BactoFoss - Rapid, automatic bacterial count in raw meat and milk. Performs bacterial Circle Reader Service No. 250 DQCI Services Inc. count in rav milk in just 3 minutes. Auto- Sampler - For inline continuous sampling. Gives truly representative samples of milk and DQCl Services, Inc. understands your need other fluids flowing in pipeline systems. for consistent, dependable, accurate component MMA90 - Microwave moisture analyzer gives Hach Company milk samples. After all, we know your profits reliable, accurate microwave moisture/solids Loveland, CO are hanging in the balance...and there’s not testing at a reasonable cost. Complete much room for error. So, whether you need (800)227-4224 determination achieved in minutes. high-quality control and somatic cell samples for calibrating your testing equipment or custom Circle Reader Service No. 247 Hach Company produces complete systems dairy-related testing, don’t take chances. for analysis of food and agricultural products, Depend on DQCl Services. H B Fuller Company water and wastewater. Products featured include microbiological and chemical testing Circle Reader Service No. 243 Monarch Division equipment such as Paddle and Swab Testers, Disinfectant Testing Equipment and Kits, Monarch will demonstrate the Full-Guard ColiQuik (simultaneous total coliform and E. Diversey Corp. Reporter CIP monitoring system during a coli testing). Total Bacterial Direct Count Kit simulated wash cycle. The demonstration unit (AODC), DR/3000 Spectrophotometer, and Featuring Shur-Graph’^" for Diagnostic will plot flow rate, temperature, and Portable and Laboratory pH/lSE meters and Monitoring and data transmission of your conductivity versus time to generate a graph electrodes. plant’s cleaning and sanitation operation. printout of the wash cycle. Shuregel™ Spray Gel cleaner that clings to Monarch will also feature its new non¬ Circle Reader Service No. 251 surfaces allowing for extended contact time for phosphate cleaning program for food plants, better biological cleaning. Water treatment including six new non-phosphate products. programs. Monitor test strips. For more information call Monarch at (612)781-8071. Circle Reader Service No. 244 Circle Reader Service No. 248

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JVLY 1990 445 IDETEK Micro Diagnostics. Inc. Neison-Jameson, Inc. San Bruno, CA 800-IDETEK1 Manufacturer of prepared culture media A food and dairy laboratory specialist, serving the needs of microbiologists and Nelson-Jameson stocks a complete line of lab (-IDETEK2 in CA) laboratory technicians. Our reputation for supplies and equipment for the industry. Staff producing at competitive prices and being a experts are available to help you select and use IDETEK is the leader in bringing dependable supplier are well established. We appropriate products for food & dairy testing. biotechnology, convenience and reliability to also provide dehydrated media, microbiological Stocked for immediate shipment are hundreds food and dairy quality control. The LacTek™ supplies and equipment. Custom services for of products, from scores of manufacturers, such family of milk antibiotic residue tests is the your specific needs are available (specialty as CARVER, CORNING, KIMBLE, BBL & fastest growing product in the industry. All formulations, special packaging requirements, OHAUS. For a free catalog, call (800)826- LacTek kits use the exact same procedure and custom quality control procedures). 8302 or (715)387-1151. can be run simultaneously. The inexpensive LacStation II™ reduces technician time to 2 Circle Reader Service No. 256 Circle Reader Service No. 261 minutes and produces printed, objective test results. Residue tests for meat will also be Minnesota Valley Testing displayed. Laboratories Neogen Corporation Circle Reader Service No. 252 Lansing. Ml independent laboratory which offers confidential microbiological and chemical Phone: 517/372-9200 analyses of food, water, agricultural, and IDEXX Corporation environmental samples. (507)354-8517.

Circle Reader Service No. 257 Neogen will display its Agri-Screen* IDEXX Corp., the world leader in testing kits for sulfamethazine and M, biodetection, manufactures the CITE* and residues. These antibody-based immunoassays CITE* Probe* lines of advanced dairy and food Nasco are comparable to traditional testing methods quality assurance tests. These easy-to-use tests with advantages in speed, economy, and ease of provide accurate answers in minutes — making Nasco is featuring their new Stomacher use. Presentations will detail how to conduct them ideal for field or laboratory use. Stop by bags with white write-on strips designed for use rapid screening tests in just minutes and how to booth number SI for information on new with Stomacher lab blenders at this year’s quantitate in exact ppb for these residues. Agri- antibiotic residue tests. convention. The Stomacher bags range in size Screen tests are also available for aflatoxin, from 4-1/2" x 4-1/2" to 7-1/2" to 11-3/4". Circle Reader Service No. 253 zearalenone, vomitoxin (DON), and T-2 toxin. Nasco’s complete line of Whirl-Pak bags, and other related sampling equipment can also be Circle Reader Service No. 262 viewed in the booth.

Klenzade, A Sen/ice of Circle Reader Service No. 258 Ecolab Inc. Northland Food Lab. Nationai Automatic Green Bay and Manitowoc, Klenzade is a full service supplier of Merchandising Association sanitation products and systems for the dairy Wl and food processing industries. Featured NAMA will show a new video designed products will include solid products, promoting for training vending service personnel on ease of handling, safety and economy, the cleaning hot beverage, cold cup drink and cold Sentry monitoring system and P3 oxonia active, 41 years in microbiology and consulting food vending machines. We will also display non-foaming sanitizer. services. Microbiological testing for Salmonella information on the many food products sold by and Listeria. Primary nutrients testing for the vending industry through machines. Circle Reader Service No. 254 Proximates, carbohydrates, & oils, vitamins, minerals & metals, residues & additives. Milk Circle Reader Service No. 259 testing for all components for payment. Michelson Laboratories. Inc. Consulting services including HACCP Design, The National Food Sanitation Audits, Regulatory Compliance, Pathogen control, sampling plans, nutritional A complete independent analytical testing Laboratory information. Call (414)682-7998 or (414)336- laboratory conducting chemical, 7465. microbiological, and microanalytical analysis on The National Food Laboratory, Inc. (The foods, dairy products, environmental, pesticides, NFL) provides reliable, comprehensive and Circle Reader Service No. 263 etc. confidential research, development and Also offering: Milk Calibration samples consulting services to the food industry as for Infra-red Milk Analyzer and Electronic follows: Analytical Services; Somatic Cell Counter. Microbiology/Sanitation; Process Development/Engineering; Product Circle Reader Service No. 255 Development; Sensory Evaluation/Market Research. We look forward to meeting you at the lAMFES Annual Meeting and discussing your needs.

Circle Reader Service No. 260

446 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONliULY 1990 Organon Teknika Q Laboratories, Inc. Serim Research Corporation Durham NC 800-654-0331 Q Laboratories, Inc. is an independent Serim Research develops and manufactures testing and consulting laboratory providing "on-site" tests for disinfectants. These include 800-682-2666 microbiological and analytical chemistry support reagent strip tests for chlorine, iodine, bromine, to the dairy, food, beverage, cosmetic and glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde and peroxide. Organon Teknika offers a complete line of specialty chemical industries. Services provided Custom development for specific applications is rapid Microbiology Test Kits. Two EIA assays include (JC/Release Testing, Nutritional also available. are available: Salmonella-Tek is a 90 minute Labeling, complete pathogen testing, plant assay for the detection of Salmonella-, Listeria- sanitation audits and antimicrobial testing of Circle Reader Service No. 272 Tek for the detection of Listeria. Both systems preservatives and sanitizers. Phone: (513)662- are complemented by Micro-ID: Micro-ID 1300. enteric offers 4 hour identification of Silikal North America, Inc. Enterobacteriaceae; Micro-ID Listeria provides Circle Reader Service No. 268 rapid ID of all listeria species. Pathotec Silikal North America, Inc. manufactures Cytochrome Oxidase aids in screening non¬ acrylic resins and polymer concrete coatings enteric and non-listeria. Radiometer America and restoration. Materials cure to 6,000+ PSI Malthus Microbiology and full chemical resistance in about one hour Circle Reader Service No. 264 to reduce down time. Impact, abrasion and Systems chemical resistant, Silikal acrylics are the fast, Penberthy Inc. safe, reliable solution to concrete problems. P.O. Box 112 Newly introduced to the Malthus line of The materials are manufactured in the USA. Automated Microbiology Systems: Malthus Prophetstown, IL 61277 10(K)S Automated Salmonella Analyzer with Circle Reader Service No. 273 AOAC approved disposable cells. The fastest, Penberthy manufactures the Model HSW simplest, automated screening technique 750 series of steam/cold water mixing available. Malthus disposable total count, Silliker Laboratories Group, washdown stations. The Models 750L, 750 and coliform and yeast, mold cells, prefilled with Inc. 750H are designed for use with low, medium appropriate media. Just inoculate and test. and high pressure steam supplies. Model 750D Talk with Radiometer to determine which of provides an economical method of injecting many Malthus Systems can make your A leading independent testing, consulting detergent into hot water output of the Model microbiology lab state of the arts!! and research laboratory providing services to HSW 750. Penberthy also manufactures gages, the food industry. Services include: analytical gage valves, 8 flow indicators, jet products and Circle Reader Service No. 269 microbiology and chemistry, research, technical the Levelmark line of electronic level controls. services and consulting, video and presentation (815)537-2311. graphics production, and education and training. Rio Linda Chemical Co., Labs are located in CA, IL, OH, GA, NJ, PA Circle Reader Service No. 265 and Canada. For more information call Inc. (708)756-3210. Or write us at 1304 Halsted Penicillin Assays, Inc. Street, Chicago Heights, IL 60411. RLCC is a specialty company dedicated to Chlorine Dioxide products. We have a patented Circle Reader Service No. 274 Introducing the Charm Farm Test, a new generation system for Water Treatment as well generation microbial assay that detects beta as patented CIOj Conveyor Lubricant for lactams, sulfonamids (5-15 ppb) gentamicin (40 conveyors. Literature will be available at our ppb) tetracycline (250 ppb) etc. in a single SmithKIine Beecham booth. We look forward to meeting you at assay. Charm receptorgram combines the Animal Health lAMFES ’90. simplicity of Charm Test II with the specificity of HPLC. New semi-automated Charm Test II Circle Reader Service No. 270 SmithKIine Beecham Animal Health system tests up to 100 samples for seven simplifies Q.A. with technology to screen food families plus aflatcxin. Used in central products for aflatoxin and antibiotic residues. laboratories. Sani-Matic Systems The PENZYME III Antibiotic Residue Screen Test for milk detects beta-lactam antibiotics. Circle Reader Service No. 266 Division of DEC International SIGNAL AccuCup™ Aflatoxin Detection Test screens to 20, 10 and 5 ppb aflatoxin in com, Promega Corporation Sani-Matic will display material describing and raw and roasted peanuts. SIGNAL major equipment lines of their plant sanitation Sulfamethazine, Gentamicin and Neomycin equipment. Their product line includes: COP Detection Tests screen milk, tissue, and serum Promega, a leading biotechnology Wash Tanks, CIP Systems, Central High company, is introducing a simple, 2-hour test for antibiotic residue. Pressure Systems, Continuous Wash Tunnnels, for total viable organisms (bacteria, yeasts, In-Line Strainers, CIP Spray Equipment, Rotary molds) in raw milk. Rapid tests for Salmonella. Circle Reader Service No. 275 Drum Strainers and Parts Handling Equipment. Staph aureus and Campylobacter will be Sani-Matic designs equipment to suit each available soon. Promega also offers expertise processor's particular application and budget. and facilities for producing genetically engineered and improved food processing Circle Reader Service No. 271 enzymes.

Circle Reader Service No. 267

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION I JULY 1990 447 Sparta Brush Company, Inc. 3A Symbol Council Walker Stainless Equipment Company, New Lisbon, Wl Sparta Brush Company has developed a The 3A Sanitary Standards Symbol Tri-Zone color-coded brush program which is Administrative Council authorizes equipment designed to help food service facilities and manufacturer of Stainless Steel manufacturers to display the 3A Symbol on processing plants prevent bacterial cross Sanitary Transportation tanks, storage tanks, Equipment which complies with existing 3A contamination. The Tri-Zone program will keep processing tanks, and custom fabrications for Sanitary Standards. The 3A Symbol is brushes in their designated work areas, thus food, dairy, chemical, pharmaceutical, and recognized world wide as a mark of excellence helping to control the transmission of bacteria. biotechnical industries. on Dairy and Food Processing equipment. Information on the function of the program, its Circle Reader Service No. 276 Circle Reader Service No. 284 administration and benefits will be available at the 3A Symbol Council Booth.

Spiral System Instruments Circle Reader Service No. 280 Weber Scientific Bethesda MD 301-657-1620 Weber Scientific distributes Laboratory 3M Microbiology Products and Sanitarian Supplies to the Dairy, Food, Water and Wastewater Industries. On Display The Spiral System, used in over 1,500 labs at the Weber booth during the lAMFES Exhibit, Featuring quality control made easy. worldwide, automates Micro Labs. The Spiral you will see items ranging from Gerber and Report immunoassay is the easiest method Plate, AOAC approved and listed in the BAM Babcock equipment for butterfat analysis to available for Salmonella, Listeria and manual as a semi-automated method, eliminates brushes and antimicrobial cleaners. Included Staphylococcal Enterotoxin testing. Petrifilm the need for most serial dilutions; the Laser also are equipment and supplies needed for plates are quick and simple; just inoculate Bacteria Counter accurately reads bacterial bacteriological testing of water and wastewater. incubate and read. The Petrifilm plate family colonies in 4.3 seconds. CASBA Microbiology We will look forward to seeing you there. includes plates for: Aerobic Count, Coliform Software Modules, used with the Laser Counter, Count, E. coli Count, Yeast and Mold Count. include: Bacterial Enumeration, Preservative Circle Reader Service No. 285 NEW-Petrifilm Test Kit-L for liquid samples Effectiveness, Kill Curves and MIC (SGE) and the Petrifilm Test Kit-HEC for hemorrhagic testing. E. coli 0157:H7. Wescor, Inc. Circle Reader Service No. 277 Circle Reader Service No. 281 We will demonstrate: 1) OMNISPEC’^”, a reflectance colorimeter instrument for Taylor Company measuring biological activity in many dairy and Tuchenhagen North Rockton, IL food products. OMNISPEC can predict shelf America life, estimate total microbial load or specific Milwaukee, Wl types, including coliforms or psychrotrophs; it Taylor Company, the leading manufacturer can also measure antibiotics in milk, abnormal in soft serve and shake dispensing equipment, milk and enzymes or yeasts in foods; and 2) has recognized product safety as a major Tuchenhagen specializes in Process AEROSPRA Y" Microbiology Gram Stainer for concern in the foodservice industry. Taylor has Integration and CIP. The integration of process automated, reproducible quality staining of engineered a new, NSF approved Labor Saver equipment in the sanitary industry is various specimens. (tm) series of freezers, assuring product safety accomplished by addressing three essentials: through a timed heat treatment process. Sanitary Matrix Piping, Cleaning in Place and Circle Reader Service No. 286 Process Control. Our single seat and double Circle Reader Service No. 278 seat valves together with other Tuchenhagen components and systems are available to end Whitmire Research Labs, Inc. users and OEM’s at reasonable prices and are designed to permit completely automated plant Tekmar Company Whitmire Research Laboratories, Inc. is a operations. Stomacher Lab Blender researcher and manufacturer of Prescription Treatment" prepressurized pest control products Circle Reader Service No. 282 ; The Stomacher may and systems. Whitmire Research Laboratories, be used for bacterial counts in food samples Inc., 3568 Tree Court Industrial Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63122, Phone: 314-225-5371. including fruits, grains, meats, and dairy Unipath Company products. Damage to microbial cells and tissues is minimal. A temperature rise in the sampling Oxoid Division Circle Reader Service No. 287 is reduced during blending. Features; We will be exhibiting a range of • No sample cross contamination: diagnostic kits including an E. coli 0157 latex • No machine clean up; test, 5 RPLA Kits for bacterial toxins, a • Fast operation Salmonella Rapid test, and Aflatoxin test kits for total and M, aflatoxins. We have a new E. Circle Reader Service No. 279 coli Stable Toxin EIA test, and a complete line of dehydrated media, supplements, and peptones.

Circle Reader Service No. 283

448 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATlON/iVLY 1990 LISTERIA • SALMONELLA COUFORMS • PSYCHROTROPHIC BACTERIA Take action against

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Please circle No. 144 on your Reader Service Card

DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/IVLY 1990 449 Affiliate News Upcoming lAMFES Affiliate Meetings

SEPTEMBER

Special Recognition Award •13-14, Minnesota Sanitarians Association, Inc. Annual Conference will start at 1:00 p.tn. on September 13 at the Earle Brown Center, University Volunteers are the life blood of any association. of Minnesota. Annual meeting will start at 4:30 p.m. on September 13 with the Awards Banquet at 6:00 p.m. at the Holiday Inn, Shoreview. For "Paying" those people means recognizing their efforts in further information call Roy E. Ginn at (612)785-0484. front of their peers. •17-19, New York State Association of Milk and Food Sanitarians Our Missouri Affiliate (Missouri Milk, Food, and Annual Meeting, at the Sheraton Inn-Syracuse, Liverjxtol, NY. For more Environmental Health Association - MMFEHA) has recently information contact Paul Dersam, 27 Sullivan Rd., Alden, NY 14004, implemented a new "Special Recognition Award" to broaden (716)937-3432. •19-20, Wisconsin Association of Milk and Food Sanitarians Annual its recognition base. Meeting, Pioneer Inn, Oshkosh, WI. For more information contact Neil President-Elect, Charles W. Sanders, RS, cited four Vassau (608)267-3504. reasons for establishing the award: •25-26, California Association of Dairy and Milk Sanitarians Annual 1. It would provide a vehicle to recognize members Meeting, Ontario Hilton, Ontario, CA. For more information contact Jack and/or non-members for their special contribution to public Coppes, P.O. Box 9234, Whittier, CA 90608, (213)699-4313 •26-28, Kansas Association of Sanitarians Annual Meeting, Red Coach health or environmental protection. Inn, Salina, KS. For more information contact John Davis, 1900 East 19th, 2. It would generate positive public relations by Wichita, KS 67214, (316)268-8351. demonstrating concerns beyond the association’s special interest. OCTOBER 3. It would increase public visibility and credibility. •9-10, North Dakota Environmental Health Association’s 1990 Fall 4. It would provide another opportunity to recognize Educational Conference and Meeting will be held at the Holiday Inn, outstanding efforts! Grand Forks, ND. For more information please feel free to contact Mel A unique feature of the award is that it incorporates the Fischer, Bismarck Fire and Inspections, 1020 East Cental Avenue, reason why the individual is receiving the recognition in the Bismarck, ND 58501 (701)258-2070. body of the award. NOVEMBER The first three recipients of the award were: Dennis Sievers, Randy Miles and Sam Orr. They were recognized •14-15, Alabama Dairy & Food Conference to be held at the Howard for their work in classifying soils suitable for on-site sewage Johnson Motor Lodge in Birmingham. For more information contact Tom disposal systems. It happens that none of the recipients are McCaskey at (205)844-1518. members of MMFEHA. •28, Ontario Food Protection Association Annual Meeting, will be held at the Airport Hilton Hotel, Toronto, Ontario. The title of the all-day Affiliates seeking qualifications and nominating symposium is "FOOD PROTECTION: HOT TOPICS FOR THE ’90’s". procedures should contact Mr. Sanders at the For more information, please contact program convenors: Garth Sundeen Columbia/Boone County Health Department, P.O. Box N, (416)239-8411 or FAX (416)239-2416 or Patrick Kwan (416)671-5080 or Columbia, MO 65205 (314)874-7345. FAX (416)671-5176.

3. Ethan Rasmussen, General Manager of Western NAMES Annual Meeting Operations, Mid-America Dairymen, provided an overview entitled "MID-AM The First Twenty Years, Plus The Next The Third Annual Meeting of the Nebraska Association of Milk and Food Sanitarians was held April 5 and 6, 1990 4. Cathleen Casey-Shaw, Laboratory Director, USDA at the East Campus Union in Lincoln, Nebraska. This St. Louis, Missouri, delivered an interesting talk entitled year’s meeting had 65 members and guests in attendance. "USDA Overview." The meeting started with an introduction by President 5. George Hanssen, Subprogram Head, State Dept, of Nancy Bremer. Vice President Dirk Shoemaker presided Agriculture, Lincoln, addressed the "State Food Program." over Thursday’s meeting. 6. David Sorrick, Director Research and Development, Thursday’s agenda included these individuals and Con-Agra Research Center, Omaha, presented an interesting subjects: slide presentation called "Con-Agra F*roduct Development 1. John Rupno, Ph.D., Associate F*rofessor, Dept, of Center." , U.N.L., gave a talk on "HACCP." 7. Sue Sumner, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Dept, of 2. Robert Hutkins, Ph.D., Assistant Professor, Dept, of Food Science, U.N.L., addressed the subject "Control and Food Science, U.N.L., discussed "Food Microbiology in the Prevention of Microbial Spoilage in Refrigerated Foods", 21st Century." which concluded the session for the day.

450 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIJULY 1990 Please circle No. 128 on your Reader Service Card

Friday morning started with the annual NAMFS business meeting. The minutes from the last meeting were read followed by the election of a new Secretary/Treasurer. Lois Clauson was elected and will serve for the coming year. After discussion of remaining business matters, the meeting was adjourned. The topics for the day were divided into two groups. Section One was chaired by Tom Tieso, and consisted of the following topics: STAINLESS STEEL 1. Lloyd Bullerman, Ph.D., Professor, Dept, of Food Science, U.N.L., spoke on "Public Health Aspects of Molds From the food preparation process to the marina and in Foods and the Environment." and shipping industry, durabie Reelcraft Stain- 2. Jack McGrath, Supervisory Investigator, FDA, iess Steel Hose Reels are the answer to your Kansas City, Missouri, presented "FDA: Activities Update." Hose Handling needs. 3. Tom Tieso, Section Supervisor, Dept, of Our reels are an industry standard because of... Agriculture, Lincoln, talked on the subject "Aflatoxin Testing in Producer Milk Samples at the State Dept, of Reelcraft's Commitment to Quality Agriculture." • Heavy Duty spring driven design 4. Ricardo Molins, Ph.D., Associate F*rofessor, Animal • Rustproof stainless steel parts • Automatic hose lengths control Science and Food Technology Dept., Iowa State University, • Multiposition guide arm Ames, Iowa, detailed some interesting data in his talk "Food Irradiation." Reelcraft's partnership in Productivity Section Two covered talks on the subject of antibiotics • Decreased hose handling resulting in more productive in milk and other products and was chaired by Dan Borer, man-hours with the following agenda: • Better washdown control and range 1. Jack McGrath, Supervisory Investigator, FDA, • Safer, more sanitary work area Kansas City, Missouri, outlined FDA’s policies in "FDA • Increased hose life Antibiotic Testing Program." • Durable rustproof stainless steel reels make 2. Dan Borer, Subprogram Head, State Dept, of your operations run more efficient Agriculture, Lincoln, provided an overview entitled "State Reelcraft's Pledge to You Perspective on Antibiotic Residues in Milk." • Experienced personnel to answer your questions and 3. Ron Gilman, Director of Laboratories and Quality make suggestions Control, Western Operations, Mid-America Dairymen, • Free catalog Omaha, discussed "Antibiotic Residues and Industry • Orders shipped within 14 days Perspective." 4. Gerard Ruth, Technical Sales Manager, Penicillin Assays Inc., Malden, MA, discussed the "Charm II Test." 5. Eugene Martin, Ph.D., Associate Professor, Dept, of Life Science, U.N.L., delivered an interesting talk entitled "Antibiotics in Animal and Poultry Feed and Bacterial Resistance." Section Two was then capped off with a panel discussion concerning antibiotics. Both sections ended at 12:15. All present were then encouraged to take a tour of U.N.L. food processing center.

North Dakota Environmental Health Contact: Association to Hold Fall Meeting R. L. Bible P.O. Box 248 The North Dakota Environmental Health Association Columbia City, IN 46725 (lAMFES Affiliate) will hold its 1990 Fall Educational 219-248-8188 Conference and Meeting on October 9 and 10. The location will be the Holiday Inn at Grand Forks. REELCRAFT INDUSTRIES, INC. P.O.Box 248-U.S. Bus. 30 E. For more information, contact Mel Fischer, 1020 E. QJ REELCRAFT Columbia City, Indiana 46725 Central Avenue, Bismarck, ND 58501 or phone Mel at PHONE: 219-248-8188 (701)258-2070. FAX 219-248-2605 1-800-444-3134

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/}VL\ 1990 451 Please circle No. 136 on your Reader Service Card

Please circle No. 127 on your Reader Service Card 452 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONliVLY 1990 Updates

Food Protection Technology in Food Service System: Challenges for the 1990’s

This year’s Fall Symposium is scheduled for 9:00 a.m. on Friday, September 21, 1990 at the Holiday Inn, Airport North in Atlanta. A1 Fain has arranged a program that will be of interest to all those that have a professional interest in food service systems and those that frequent these systems. Plan now to attend.

Topic Summary

"Critical Control Points in Food Service Systems" Elmer H. Marth Dr. F. Ann Draughon, Department of Food Technology & Science University of Tennessee, Knoxville

"Challenges in Commissary Type Food Service Systems" Symposium on Dairy-Product Safety Mr. W. Joel Simpson, Quality Assurance, to Honor E.H. Marth, UW-Madison Dobbs International Services Inc., Memphis, TN Microbiologist "Food Safety and Quality Assurance Systems for The bugs ran, but they couldn’t hide from Elmer H. Restaurant Food Service Systems" Marth, and the dairy industry owes its outstanding safety Mr. John Chrisman, General Mills Restaurant, Orlando, FL record in part to the life work of this University of Wisconsin-Madison food microbiologist. Marth will retire June 30, 1990. "Milk, Microbes and Marth," a symposium "Status of the Food Protection Unicode and FDA’s Role to recognize Marth and his research on food safety and in Food Service Systems" milk-associated microorganisms, will be held September 11- Mr. Chet Morris, U.S. FDA, Atlanta, GA 12 at the Wisconsin Memorial Union in Madison. The symposium will be divided into four sessions, each "Food Safety and Quality Assurance in the representing one of Marth’s research interests. Tuesday Super Market Deli" afternoon will be devoted to Listeria monocytogenes, and Mr. Dan Schineller, Winn Dixie, Inc., Jacksonville, FL dairy fermentation and spoilage. Wednesday morning’s sessions will focus on Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Borellia (Lyme disease); "Food Safety and Quality Assurance and mycotoxins and molds. Applicable to Automated Food Vending Systems" Many of the presentations will be delivered by Marth’s Speaker to be arranged. former students who are now involved in industrial and For more information contact the Univeristy of Georgia, academic research. Athens, GA (404)542-2286. For more program information, contact Michael Doyle at the Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin- Madison, 53706; phone (608)263-6936. If you’d like to write a testimonial, send it to Doyle by August 15. "Milk, Microbes and Marth" will begin at 1 p.m. Tuesday, September 11 and adjourn at noon Wednesday, September 12. Please pre-register by September 4. For information on registration and fees, contact Marsha Landretti at the CALS Conference Office, Joms Hall, UW- Madison 53706; phone (608)263-2421.

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIJVLY 1990 453 Please circle No. 167 on your Reader Service Card Stop by our Exhibit at the lAMFES Annual Meeting

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Please circle No. 103 on your Reader Service Card Please circle No. 210 on your Reader Service Card 454 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION!JULY 1990 Letter to the Editor )

Dear Ron: Your editorial on a name change as published in the March issue of Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation was of interest and prompts the following response. At times in the past our Association has had an interest in the non-microbial quality of food. With the possible exception of one, all research reports published in the March issue of The Journal of Food Protection are of bacterial nature. If this is the desire of the membership perhaps the Association name should signify such interest. My hope, however, would be that the Association would have an interest in food composition, food texture, food processing, food distribution, food handling and the development of new and innovative food products. The term Protection implies that our only business and our only interest lies in protecting, Q. Do you know the advantage of microbiological testing & programs? defending and preserving what we A.CALLSANISAFE already have. This appears to be a very Q. Do you know that sanitation/quality short sighted view of the food industry. control problems cost you money? For this reason you may wish to avoid A. CALL SANISAFE the use of the word Protection. Q. Did you realize that good sanitation/ Though our Association may have quality control is good business? been started by persons who might define A. CALL SANISAFE themselves as milk sanitarians, many Q. Do you remember the headaches other professions now are represented. of your last inspection? For this reason you may wish to avoid A CALL SANISAFE using the term Sanitarian. Q. Is the inspector nagging you with Of the names listed in the report by requests you can’t answer? Marshall on page 127 of Dairy, Food and A CALL SANISAFE Environmental Sanitation, the name Q. Do you realize there is increased "Association for Food Safety and profit from effective quality control? Quality" might avoid the objections noted A CALL SANISAFE above. It would give some room for and Call For A Free Sanitation Consultation possible recognition of people who are SaniSafe& Associates are trained professionals who work interested in development, persons who with food processors, restaurants and distributors should not be neglected or excluded from creating custom programs giving answers to your quality membership. control/sanitation questions.

Sincerely, Bob Demott JanLTafe 4047 Rutgers Department of Food Technology & > ASSOCKTES. INC Northbrook, II60062 Science CONSULTANTS TO THE FOOD INDUSTRY (708) 272-0508 Knoxville, TN Please circle No. 223 on your Reader Service Card

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/IVLY 1990 455 Alabama New Jersey Utah Steve Jenkins Randale H. Levins Robert M. Dickinson Summit City/County Health Dept. U.S. Army City of Vineland Coalville Enterprise Dept, of Health Vineland Illinois Virginia Emil S. Nashed Sandra L. Alfred Farmland Dairies, Inc. Wayne P. Pruett City of Chicago Wallington Virginia Tech Chicago Blacksburg

New York Kentucky Jay A. Babula Wisconsin Colette Beaugrand Orange County Dept, of Health Bel Cheese Port Jervis Cynthia D. Ferk Leitchfield Figi’s Inc. Larry Hundycz Marshfield Gerry Colonel Nestle Foods Winchester Farms Dairy Fulton Jeff Pfaff Winchester Glendale Don Kellogg Polio Dairy Corp. Lib-Ling Wang Louisiana Walkins Glen Univ. of Wisconsin-Madison Madison Jonathan Meyers India W. McLin Cornell University Louisiana Dept, of Health White Plains Baton Rouge Canada

North Carolina Carman Grills Maryland Ross Laboratories Cindy Price Brockville, Ontario Sharon 1. Branchik Webb Technical Group, Inc. Coldwater Seafood Corporation Raleigh T.G. Hinsberger Cambridge Wm Neilson Ltd Toronto, Ontario Pennsylvania Michigan

Jerry Hrzic Hong Kong Tim Irwin Johnstown Gerber Products Company Rachel Chiu Fremont Mark Matrozza Lucullus Food & Wines Co. Ltd Microbac Laboratories Kowloon Bay Roger M. Stroh Pittsburgh City of Holland Holland Panama Missouri

Joseph V. Armao Torben Lyster-Clausen Wilbur Feagan Gustafson, Inc. Civ-Borden F&H Food Equipment Co. Plano Panama City Springfield

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DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/}VL\ 1990 457 Official Minutes of the 76th Annual Business Meeting of lAMFES Held at Hyatt Regency Crown Center, Kansas City, Missouri, August 15,1989

DFES. The three awards would be presented at the Annual Awards Dinner. Call to Order Other activities of the committee included revision of the sustaining The Annual Business Meeting of lAMFES was called to order at membership brochure at a cost of $262.44, increasing the Ivan Parkin 1:55 p.in. by President Robert Gravani. A moment of silence was observed Lectureship honorarium to $1,000. The Foundation Fund Committee in memory of departed lAMFES members. continues to work with David McSwane of Audio Visual Library Committee. Report of the Secretary The report of the Secretary and the minutes of the August 2, 1988 DFES Management Committee Report Annual Business Meeting were presented by Secretary Gabis. Leon Chairman Harold Bengsch reported that the committee met on Townsend corrected the minutes to read that the Ivan Parkin Lectureship Saturday, August 12, 1989. DreS has an average of 60 pages per issue, Honorarium had been increased to $1,000. Charles Price moved to accept with four articles. The present format of DFES has received many the minutes as amended. Richard Brazis seconded the motion which compliments and no changes are recommended. The committee passed by voice vote. recommends that an additional article be included in each issue. To achieve this, the committee suggested that articles should be solicited for Report of the Acting Executive Manager submission by members. It was suggested that DFES publish FDA Coded Acting Executive Manager Margie Marble noted the resignation of memoranda as they are issued. It was suggested that the Ames office Kathy Hathaway and complimented her on the contributions she made to develop a DFES cover photo contest. Chairman Bengsch complimented the lAMFES during the past seven years. The new Executive Manager, Steven Ames office staff on the major changes and improvements in the Halstead, was welcomed to the Ames staff. President Gravani’s term in appearance of the magazine. office was productive for the association. The Affiliates were encouraged to make use of the services of the Ames staff. Preregistration and Journal of Food Protection Publication Committee Report registration for the 76th Annual Meeting were handled by the Ames office Chairman Bob Marshall presented the report. The past year saw a with no problems. Approximately 700 were preregistered with about 65 major effort to complete the transition period between former editor, Elmer on-site registrations. The Kansas Affiliate members were thanked for their Marth, and the present editor, Lloyd Bullerman. The number of papers in excellent organization of the Annual Meeting. The Ames supporting staff the most recent volume of the journal is less than the previous volume. members were recognized for their cooperation and good work. Editor Bullerman has made the following recommendations to the Committee and the Executive Board in order to improve the editorial Council of Affiliates Report function; (1) engage an Associate Editor, with no compensation; (2) hire Affiliate Council Chairman, William Coleman, reported that the an editorial assistant to help computerize the editorial process; (3) move the Affiliate Council met on Sunday, August 13,1989. There are 31 Affiliates, copy editor function to Lincoln, Nebraska; (4) increase page charges to including the new Massachusetts Affiliate. Twenty-three Affiliates were cover the additional costs associated with implementation of the represented at this Annual Meeting. A new procedure for electing the recommendations. Affiliate Council Chairman was decided upon. The new system is similar to the format used by the lAMFES Nominating Committee. The Affiliate Constitution and By-Laws Committee Report Council Nominating Committee will provide candidates whose names will President-Elect Case and Vice President Sanders presented the be submitted to the Affiliates for election. The newly elected Chairperson changes to the Constitution and By-Laws which were recommended to the and Secretary will assume their duties at the 1990 Annual Meeting. Dale Executive Board by Committee Chairman Brazis. The proposed changes Marcum of Kentucky is the chairperson for the Affiliate Council were published in the June 1989 DFES and reprints were available at the Nominating Committee. William Coleman and Lloyd Luedecke were meeting. Dr. Brazis moved to accept the revisions to the Constitution, and reelected as Chairperson and Secretary, respectively. At the Affiliate the motion was seconded by Earl Wright. Charles Price had a question on Council meeting, each Affiliate Delegate gave a short report on their Article IV regarding representation from industry, government, and activities during the last year. The Affiliates were encouraged to submit education on the Executive Board. The article states that new Board nominees for the Shogren Award and other awards presented by lAMFES. members, i.e.. Secretary, will be elected on a rotating basis from these three It was noted that Affiliate activities continue to grow. There was a groups of members. There being no further discussion, the question was discussion concerning offering awards for the best papers submitted by called and the motion passed unanimously. Affiliate members to Dairy, Food, and Environmental Sanitation (DFES) Dr. Brazis moved to accept the proposed changes in the By-Laws. magazine. Such awards should be an incentive to submit papers for Bob Darrah seconded the motion. Roy Ginn proposed that a change be publication. The Foundation Fund would sponsor such awards. made in Article VI, section 2, part B of the By-Laws. As proposed by the Constitution and By-Laws Committee, the section on the Nominating Foundation Fund Report Committee requires a Past President to chair this committee. Mr. Ginn said Foundation Fund Committee Chairman, Harry Haverland, presented that this procedure could prevent new viewpoints being brought to the the report. The committee members are Harry Haverland, Robert Marshall, Executive Board. Mr. Ginn made a motion to amend the Constitution and James Reeder, Robert Sanders, and Earl Wright. Dolores Taylor is the By-Laws Committee proposal by deleting the following phrase in the By- Ames staff contact person. As of May 16, 1989, the Foundation Fund Laws, Article VI, Section 2, Part B "be a Past President (not on the Board) account balance is $41,319.13. Each time a sustaining member pays dues, whose name shall.” The section would then read; "The Chairperson of the $100 of the dues amount is deposited to the Foundation Fund. As of committee shall be announced at the Annual Meeting, and published in the August 1, 1989, lAMFES has 78 sustaining members. The Foundation official publication of lAMFES the month following the Annual Meeting, Fund supports the Ivan Parkin Lectureship, the Developing Scientist Award, together with the date by which candidates for nomination(s) for officefs) and the Lending Library. The lAMFES Lending Library loaned 290 pieces shall be submitted." The motion was seconded by Austin Olinger. to date. The Foundation Fund Committee recommended to the Executive Discussion followed. Some members believed that a Past President should Board that $750 be set aside for monetary awards to the three authors who be the chairperson of the Nominating Committee. The question was called, submit the best articles in the areas of dairy, food and environment to and the motion was passed.

458 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIJVLV 1990 J

Please circle No. 203 on your Reader Service Card

Dr. Bob Marshall asked for clarification of Article II, Section 4, Part A regarding the movement of the Secretary up to the Presidency. Mr. Case provided an explanation. The question was called on Dr. Brazis’ motion to approve the changes in the By-Laws. The motion was passed. Dr. Brazis and the Committee were applauded for their good work by President Gravani and the members.

Old Business There was no old business.

New Business There was no new business.

Resolutions Past President Leon Townsend presented the following resolutions. Copies of the resolutions are attached and made part of these minutes. Resolution 1: Thanking the Kansas Affiliate for their hospitality and work for the 76th Annual Meeting. Mr. Townsend moved to adopt this resolution which was seconded by Bob Marshall. It passed unanimously. Resolution 2: Thanking the people at Hyatt Regency Crown Center for their efforts in making the 76th Annual Meeting a success. Mr. Townsend moved to adopt this resolution which was seconded by Ed Zottola. It passed unanimously. Resolution 3: Mr. Charles Felix presented a resolution regarding single service items. Howard Hutchings made a motion to adopt this D-gkiiuronidB resolution. The motion was seconded by Dee Clingman. Mr. Felix then offered an amendment which called for the deletion of two "whereas” Well. . . maybe not that fast. But clauses, namely, "Whereas, state and local environmental health officials when traditional tests for the presence of in the U.S. are practically unanimous in their conviction that disposables f, coli often take a week or longer, Marcor's contribute to proper sanitation levels in public food service operations; and whereas, the majority of these officials in the U.S. consider that the health overnight MUG (4-Methylumbelliferyl-^- and sanitation advantages of single service outweigh their disadvantages in D-glucuronide) testing reagent seems contributing to solid waste and litter." awfully fast. Mr. Felix moved further that an additional resolve be added to instruct the Secretary of lAMFES to send a copy of the resolution to the How does it work? Almost all strains Environmental Protection Agency’s Office of Solid Waste. The of E. coli produce ^-glucuronidase, an amendments were seconded by Robert Harrington. The amendments were enzyme which hydrolyzes MUG, The result accepted by voice vote. is 4-methylumbelliferone, a fluorogenic Mr. Felix made a short presentation underscoring the significance of the issues involved in this resolution. States and local governmental bodies product which can be easily detected under are considering enacting legislation to curtail or ban the use of single long wave UV or 366-nm light. When MUG service items because of the decreasing availability of land fill waste sites. is incorporated into a modified MacConkey Mr. Felix said that single service items comprise only a small fraction of solid waste in landfills and that the public health benefits resulting from the Agar or Lauryl Sulfate Broth, seeded with a use of single service items are far greater than the disadvantages. Dick single E. coli cell, fluorescence is usually Whitehead, Dee Clingman, and Harold Wainess offered comments on the detectable in 12 to 20 hours. proposed resolution. President Gravani asked Mr. Felix if other professional associations have taken positions on this issue. Mr. Felix Plan now for future QC speed and replied that NEHA and APHA have issued policy statements regarding the economy. Perform both gas production and public health benefits derived from the use of single service items. Robert fluorescent tests simultaneously, and com¬ Harrington said that the National Restaurant Association has passed a resolution similar to the one proposed to lAMFES. pare the results. For recommended test The motion was called to a vote, and was passed by a show of procedures and complete product specifi¬ hands. cation, Marcor is just a phone call away. Resolution 4: Mr. Leon Townsend made a motion to adopt a resolution commending the USPHS Commissioned Corps on their 100th anniversary. It was seconded by Bob Darrah and passed unanimously.

Closing President Gravani thanked all who attended the Business Meeting. Dr. Gravani announced that John Meyer is the Chairperson of the Nominating Committee and that the committee will be seeking a person □EVEUDF^MENT from government to nominate for the position of secretary. CORPORATION Dr. Gravani again thanked the Kansas Affiliate for their work in 10S JOHN STREET hosting a very successful Annual Meeting. He also thanked the Executive HACKENSACK. NJ 07B01-A130 Board for their work during the past year. S01-ASS-5700 TELEX: 710 990 5131 Ken Kirby made a motion to adjourn. Earl Wright seconded the MARCOROEV HAK FAX: 901-409-7357 motion, which passed unanimously. The Annual Business Meeting adjourned at 3:10 p.m.

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIJVLY 1990 459

I.J Synopsis of Papers for the 77th Annual Meeting

Abstracts of papers to be presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, Inc. to be held in Arlington Heights, IL, August 5-8, 1990.

Control of Salmonella Enteritidis in Poultry, Michael C. of heat aid the expulsion of moisture. Application of rennet enzymes Goodnough* and Eric A. Johnson, University of Wisconsin-Madison is common to all natural cheeses but, it is in the use of different Food Research Institute, 1925 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53706 cultures coupled with different manufacturing steps that yield different cheese types. Antimicrobial compounds were screened in vitro in trypticase soy Limited, but essential, proteolysis of milk protein by rennet broth for activity against a virulent strain of Salmonella enteritidis. Of enzymes augments the shift of microbial populations, which in turn, several compounds tested, polymyxins B and E showed the strongest are pressed into summoning those metabolic activities, which must inhibition. The minimum inhibitory concentration of polymyxin B SO4 transform the milk components simply to survive. In doing so, the was l-2ppm. Butylparaben (10 ppm) and EDTA (ImM) were also chemical entities generated interact among themselves and the inhibitory in vitro to S. enteritidis. Polymyxin E (colistin methane microbial populations to results in a more flavorful and preserved milk. sulfonate) was ineffective alone at 10 ppm but had inhibitory activity Lactic starter cultures are added to vat milk to give about 10*-10’ when combined with 10 ppm butylparaben. Inhibition of S. enteritidis cfu/ml. The amount and type of starter may vary significantly was also tested in vivo using 24 hour chicks as a model system. The depending on the type of cheese and characteristics desired. In cheese, effectiveness of the antimicrobial systems were evaluated by their the primary culture (lactic cultures) declines with age whereas, ability to prevent infections and to remove existing infections. secondary cultures such as propionibacteria in Swiss cheese and Polymyxin was effective in vivo in preventing infection but was brevibacteria in Brick cheese and the adventitious lactobacilli thrive. relatively ineffective in removing existing infections. Unexpectedly it Factors leading to microbial shifts during cheese ripening are was found that trimethoprim, which was not active in vivo, gave discussed. excellent activity in preventing and removing infections when combined with polymyxin B SO4. Selenite-Cystine and Tetrathionate Broth enrichments showed that chicks that were given a combination of polymyxin B SO4 and trimethoprim 24 h prior to oral inoculation Role of the Food Protection Professional in Meeting the Challenges with 10*-10’ CFU were S. enteritidis negative in seven days. Existing of the 90’s, C. Dee Clingman, Quality Control, General Mills infections (lO’-lO^CFU/g feces) were eliminated with the Restaurants, P.O. Box 593330, Orlando, FL 32859 polymyxin/trimethoprim system in 13 days. This antimicrobial system may be useful in preventing colonization or eliminating S. enteritidis Many of the food safety issues facing us in the 90’s are the same from infected flocks. problems public health professionals were faced with in the 40’s. One can’t image how we failed in the past half century to address these concerns. Tomorrow’s food safety professional will need to be more Persistence and Control of Listeria monocytogenes in Non-Food of a change agent as opposed to an inspector. In the past 50 years we Contact Areas in a Food Processing Plant. Alexandria T. Spurlock* have been more concerned with auditing than what to do with the and Edmund A. Zottola, Department of Food Science & Nutrition, information we are gathering. The consumer will have to re-assess University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108 their risks on whether future controls, pesticides, preservatives, etc., are worth sacrificing for the return to daily grocery shopping. A model system consisting of a free-standing sewer trap was developed and used to evaluate the growth and persistence of L. monocytogenes under simulated conditions that might occur in sewer The Trashing of America? An Overview of the Solid Waste traps in a food processing plant. Nutrients added to one trap included Problem, Harvey Alter, U.S. Chamber of Commerce, Washington, DC tryptic soy broth with yeast extract. Milk solids were added to a 20062. second trap. L. monocytogenes was added to each and growth monitored for up to 16 weeks. The traps were maintained at room Conventional wisdom is that we are drowning in our solid waste. temperature (25°C). Population levels in excess of 10* were observed Data show that the per capita generation of municipal solid waste in 7 days. The pH of the material in the sewer trap containing TSBYE (MSW) was statistically constant from about 1970-1984, that was adjusted to 8.5 for several days and then to 5.5 for several days. population increased only about 1 % per year, that packaging has been This change did not affect the numbers of Listeria as they continued decreasing as a fraction of the MSW, and that certain forms of to persist for the remaining test period. In the trap containing milk packaging are decreasing. Packaging helps reduce the amount of solids a nisin producing culture of streptococci was added and allowed MSW as shown by regression relations between the fraction of food to grow. After 4 weeks Listeria were not recovered. Addition of residues and the fractions of packaging residues in MSW. nisin-producing streptococci may be a method to control Listeria in The problem is a shortage of disposal capacity caused by several sewer traps in a food processing plant. factors, including NIMBY (Not in My Backyard). Choosing a few components of MSW for restrictions or bans, or setting unrealistic recycling goals, will not compensate for the shortage of capacity. Cheese Ripening Microbiology, Raj Nath, Kraft General Foods, Inc. These factors and others will be reviewed as an introduction to Glenview, IL how MSW can be managed.

Cheese manufacturing is a process of dehydration of milk where rennet enzymes, acid development by starter cultures and application

460 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JULY 1990 Please circle No. 201 on your Reader Service Card Please circle No.114 on your Reader Service Card

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The complex includes a complete Nautilus circuit, PIT/ free weights, life-cycle A steak house, where lOUNGt •CyrCING-tNIERMN/VtNI aerobic training equipment, you’ll find an atmosphere of A charming, open-air pacer treadmills, Avita warmth and an extensive cafe, offering excellent The Ritz is the rowing machines, massage, menu featuring the finest cuisine and gracious WOODFIELD HILTON AND sauna, whirlpool and the charbroiled prime steaks, service. The Brasserie is Towers new entertainment area’s largest indoor pool. fresh seafood and poultry. perfect for light meals, All-weather lighted tennis Delaney & Murphy’s bar, lounge, with live music and snacks or just a cup of courts are available, as are decorated in deep forest dancing. The drinks are coffee. Overlooking the facilities for volleyball, greens, oak and leather, is generous; the conversation, main lobby, it’s the ideal badminton, horseshoes and a comfortable den of captivating; the mood - place to people-watch. jogging. refinement and distinction. irresistible.

464 DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIJVLN 1990 0 i;

77th lAMFES Annual Meeting Registra W()(»dfield Hilton and Towers - Arlington Heights, Illinois - Aug (I'se photocopies for extra registrations)

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Exp. Date

Name on f'ard .Simiature

Registration Information Refund/Canc Send payment with registration to lAMFES. .S()2 E. l.incoln Way. The lAMFES policy on meeting Ames. IA .S(K) 10-6666. Make checks payable to lAMFES. Pre-registra¬ "Registration fees, minus a SLS.IK) tion must be post marked by July .^0. I WO. The pre-registration dead¬ written cancellations postmarked line will he strictly observed. For additional information contact Julie start of the meeting. No refunds v Heim at l-S(M)-.J60-6.^.^7. less than two (2) weeks prior to tli registration may be transferred wit ration Form FOR OFFICE USE Dale Rec'd. _First initial Last name kugust 5-S, 1990 ID# Registration # _:___j ■/"i '£)

Please check where applicable: O' (pleuse print) Last Name _lAMKKS Member _Nnn-Meniber im plover _Local Arrangements _30 Yr. Member _50 A r. Member _Past President Home Work) _Kxecutive Hoard _Speaker _Honorary Life Member Zip Area (’ode & Telephone

lolal Amounl Amount

,S 70 (SKH) on-site) .SIO*) (SI30 on-site) .S 20 (S50 on-site) Ic; Mon/TuesAVed) S 40 (S5() on-site) (Circle: Mon/TuesAV'ed) .S 60 (S7() on-site) S 15 (S2() on-site) DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/iVL\ I S 15 (.S20 on-site) .S .^6 1 required) il Stiniuiiion # ol tickets S/5) lrke: - 0 - Adult S20 Children L'nder 12 SI2 (Mon.. S/6) S 25 on.. S/6) .S 20 )ing (Tues.. S/7) S 25 iping (Tues.. S/7) .S 20 ingWed.. S/S) S 20 d.. S/S) f RKK S/S) S 25

EXPRESS Total Amounl Hnclosed s 1 ..S. HM)S incellation Policy Exhibitor Information ing cancellalion/rerunds is as follows: An exhibition of products and consultant services will be at the i.OO processing fee. will be refunded for Woodfield Hilton and Towers, l-or more information on exhibiting at ked at least two (2) weeks prior to the the conference, please contact Scott Wells at l-X()()-360-6.^.t7. ils will be made for cancellations made o the start of the meeting, however, the Please circle No. 125 on your Reader Service Card Please circle No. 200 on your Reader Service Card

Simplify Your WHY YOU SHOULD BUY OUR Microbiological SAMPLERS FOR DAIRY PRODUCTS Testing Test make-up water, ingredients j Thirty years of field work and research has proven or aqueous finished product for L that our Pro-Rata^M Line Sampler, Pro-Rata yeost, mold and bacteria K Strata™ Sampler and Pro-Legar'^ Control will let without cumberftme equipment, ■ you collect absolutely accurate samples of your lengthy procedures or clean-up. dairy products, under the widest range of condi¬ tions. This means that our samplers will let you Just dip a Miliipore Sampler into reduce your shrinkages lower, and improve your the fluid to be tested, incubate quality control more, than any other sampling and count the colonies. There's method. no need for media preparation, ■ equipment cleon-up, sterilizo- « So wherever you want better samples, use our tion, or monipulation of test ap- 9 samplers. We'll guarantee your satisfaction and paratus. bB you'll find out what the largest and most success¬ When combined with a swab in ■ ful dairy companies have known for years. Liquid sterile buffer. Samplers may be 9 Sampling Systems makes the most accurate, used to test surfaces to measure 9 convenient and sanitary samplers. the effectiveness of sanitization I programs. | For more details, call ioH-Irwi Contoct The Milk Samplir>g Experts: 800-22S>1380. In MA, dial 617-275-9200. LIQUID SAMPLING SYSTEMS, INC. P.O. Box 165 _ Cedar (Xapids, lA 52405 MILUPORE Phone; (319)065-2259

SANI-MAnC SYSTEMS 0 3-TANK CIP SYSTEM For All Milk Related Processing Plants per (Fluid Milk, Ice Cream, Cheese, Cultured Products, Butter, Evaporated, Etc.)

SPECIAL FEATURES: • Open yoke valves — tree draining

• Direct recirculation valve between suction and return manitolds

• Wedgewire strainer on pump discharge to keep spray devices clean

• Removable quick clamp connections on all water, steam, and chemical NPT fittings

• CIP tanks have dished all-welded tops with sanitary radiused corners

• Pre-packaged skid-mounted unit with clearance tor easy cleaning

SANI-MATIC SYSTEMS A Division of DEC Intemalional, inc. 1919 S. Stoughton Road • RO. Box 8662 • Madison, Wl 53708 Ph.: (800) 356-3300 or in Wl (608) 222-2399, FAX: (608) 222-5348

Please circle No. 164 on your Reader Service Card 466 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/}VL\ 1990 Stop by our Exhibit at the lAMFES Annual Meeting 3-A SANITARY STANDARDS FOR STORAGE TANKS FOR MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

Number 01-07

Formulated by International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians United States Public Health Service The Dairy Industry Committee

It is the purpose of the lAMFES, USPHS, and DIG in connection with the developnent of the 3-A Sanitary Standards program to allow and encourage full freedom for inventive genius or new developments. Storage tank specifications heretofore and hereafter developed which so differ in design, material, fabrication, or otherwise as not to conform with the following standards, but which, in the fabricator’s opinion are equivalent or better, may be submitted for the joint consideration of the lAMFES, USPHS, and DIG, at any time.

A B.3.1 SCOPE Product Contact SurfacesShall mean A.l all surfaces which are exposed to These standards cover the sanitary the product and surfaces from which aspects of storage tanks for milk liquids may drain, drop, or be drawn and milk products. into the product. A. 2 B.3.2 In order to conform with these Non-Product Contact Surfaces: Sha 11 3-A Sanitary Standards, storage mean all other exposed surfaces. tanks shall comply with the B.4 following design, material, and Lining'. Shall mean all surfaces used fabrication criteria. to contain the product, including B ends, sides, bottom and top. DEFINITIONS B.5 B. l Shell'. Shall mean the material Product'. Shall mean milk and milk covering the exterior of the products. insulation and/or heat exchange B.2 jacket. Storage Tank I Shall mean a cylindrical, B.6 rectangular, oval or other equally Breast'. Shall mean that portion of satisfactorily shaped insulated the exposed metal used to join the storage tank, except a vertical tank lining to the shell. whose inside height is in excess of B.7 10 feet (3.05 m)*l and the tank is Mechanical Cleaning or Mechanically Cleaned: used for the storage and cooling of Shall denote cleaning, solely by milk or milk products. circulation and/or flowing chemical B.3 detergent solutions and water rinses Surfaces onto and over the surfaces to be cleaned, by mechanical means.

*1 Vertical tanks in excess of 10 feet (3.05 m) inside height are defined as silo-type tanks. Sanitary criteria for silo-type tanks are covered in 3-A Sanitary Standards for Silo-Type Storage Tanks, Number 22-04, as amended.

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIJULY 1990 467 01-07 c C.I.4 MATERIALS Plastic materials when used for the c.i above specified applications shall All product contact surfaces, comply with the applicable including the breast, shall be of provisions of the 3-A Sanitary stainless steel of the AISI 300 Standards for Multiple-Use Plastic series*2 or corresponding ACI*3 Materials, Number 20-15. types (See Appendix, Section E.)i C.I.5 or metal which under conditions of Rubber and rubber-like materials intended use is at least as and plastic materials having corrosion-resistant as stainless product contact surfaces shall be steel of the foregoing types, and of such composition as to retain is non-toxic and non-absorbent their surface and conformation except that: characteristics when exposed to the C.1.1 conditions encountered in the Rubber and rubber-like materials environment of intended use and in may be used for umbrellas, slingers cleaning and bactericidal and drip shields for vertical treatment. agitator assemblies, gaskets, C.I.6 seals, protective caps for sanitary The final bond and residual connections, and parts having the adhesive, if used, of bonded rubber same functional purposes. and rubber-like materials and C.1.2 bonded plastic materials shall be Rubber and rubber-like materials non-toxic. when used for the above specified C.I.7 applications shall comply with the Where materials having certain applicable provisions of the 3-A inherent functional properties are Sanitary Standards for Multiple-Use required for specific applications, Rubber and Rubber-Like Materials, such as bearing surfaces and rotary Number 18-00. seals, carbon*4 and/or ceramic C.I.3 materials may be used. Carbon Plastic materials may be used in and/or ceramic materials shall be sight and/or light openings and for inert, non-porous, non-toxic, umbrellas, slingers and drip non-absorbent, insoluble and shields for vertical agitator resistant to scratching, scoring assemblies, bearings, gaskets, and distortion when exposed to the seals, protective caps for sanitary conditions encountered in the connections, direct reading gauge environment of intended use and in tubes (See D.22), and parts having cleaning and bactericidal the same functional purposes. treatment.

*2 The data for this series are contained in the AISI Steel Products Manual, Stainless & Heat Resisting Steels, December 1974, Table 2-1, pp. 18-20. Available from the Iron and Steel Society, 410 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15086 (412-776-9460).

*3 Steel Founders* Society of America, Cast Metals Federation Bldg., 455 State St., Des Plaines, IL 60016 (708-299-9160).

*4 Carbon which is specifically in compliance with the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, as amended, is that which is included in "V Fillers" in the food additive regulations for rubber articles intended for repeated use, 177.2600 of Subpart F, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21--Food and Drugs.

468 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/iULY 1990 01-07 C.1.8 cleaning and inspection either when Glass may be used in sight and/or in an assembled position or when light openings (See D.21) and for removed. Removable parts shall be direct reading gauge tubes (See readily demountable. D.22), and when used shall be of a D.5 clear heat-resistant type. Appurtenances having product C. 2 contact surfaces shall be easily Non-product contact surfaces shall removable for cleaning, or shall be of corrosion-resistant material be designed and manufactured to or material that is rendered insure that they can be cleaned corrosion-resistant. If coated, mechanically. the coating used shall adhere. D.6 Non-product contact surfaces shall Storage tanks having an inside be relatively non-absorbent, height of more than 96 inches (244 durable and cleanable. Parts cm) shall be provided with means removable for cleaning having both that will facilitate manual product contact and non-product cleaning and inspection of all contact surfaces shall not be product contact surfaces (See painted. Appendix, Section G.) or means D shall be provided for mechanically FABRICATION cleaning the product contact D. l surfaces of the tank and all All product contact surfaces shall non-removable appurtenances thereto. have a finish at least as smooth as (See Appendix, Section H.) a No. 4 ground finish on stainless D.7 steel sheets and be free of All product contact surfaces shall imperfections such as pits, folds, be self-draining except for normal and crevices in the final clingage. The bottom pitch of a fabricated form. (See Appendix, vertical cylindrical storage tank Section F.) with a flat bottom designed for D.2 mechanical cleaning shall be at Permanent joints in metallic least 3/4 inch per foot (6.25 cm product contact surfaces shall be per m) toward the outlet or if the continuously welded. Welded areas bottom of the lining is of the on product contact surfaces shall reverse dish-type, the portion of be at least as smooth as a No. 4 the bottom adjacent to the side ground finish on stainless steel wall shall have a minimum slope of sheets and be free of imperfections 3/4 inch per foot (6.25 cm per m) such as pits, folds, and crevices. toward the outlet. (See Appendix, Section F.) D.3 Horizontal cylindrical storage Storage tanks that are to be tanks designed for mechanical mechanically cleaned shall be cleaning which have a built-in designed so that the product bottom pitch, shall have a pitch, contact surfaces of the storage of at least 1/4 inch per foot (2.0 tanks, including the product cm per m) toward the outlet. contact surfaces of the opening for Horizontal tanks must have complete a vertical mechanical agitator, and drainage when the tank has a pitch all non-removable appurtenances of not more than 1 inch in 100 thereto can be mechanically cleaned inches (10 cm per m). Rectangular and are accessible for inspection. storage tanks designed for D.4 mechanical cleaning shall have a Product contact surfaces not built-in bottom pitch of 3/4 inch designed to be mechanically cleaned per foot (6.25 cm per m) toward the shall be easily accessible for center line and the center line

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JULY 1990 469 01-07 shall have a pitch of at least 1/4 D.ll.2 inch per foot (2.0 cm per m) toward Minimum radii for fillets of welds the outlet. in product contact surfaces may be D.8 1/8 inch (3 mm) where the thickness If it is necessary to enter the of one or both parts joined is less storage tank to clean any or all of than 3/16 inch (5 mm). (See also the product contact surfaces, the D.11.6.) tank shall have the following D.ll.3 minimum dimensions: (1) 36 inches The radii in agitator shaft bottom (91 cm) in height by 48 inches (122 supports or guides and in gasket cm) in diameter, or 48 inches (122 grooves or gasket retaining grooves cm) square; (2) 36 inches (91 cm) for removable gaskets, except those in height, 36 inches (91 cm) in for standard 1/4 inch (6 mm) and width, by 48 inches (122 cm) in smaller 0-Rings, shall be not less length, if oval or rectangular. than 1/8 inch (3 mm). D.9 D.ll.4 Gaskets The radii in grooves for standard D.9.1 1/4 inch (6 mm) 0-Rings shall be Bonded rubber and rubber-like not less than 3/32 inch (2 mm) and gaskets and bonded plastic gaskets for standard 1/8 inch (3 mm) shall be bonded in such a manner 0-Rings shall be not less than 1/32 that the bond is continuous and inch (1 mm). mechanically sound, and when D.ll.5 exposed to the conditions The radii of covers and agitator encountered in the environment of assemblies shall be not less than intended use and in cleaning and 1/4 inch (6 mm). bactericidal treatment, the rubber D.11.6 and rubber-like material or the The radius at a juncture of the plastic material does not separate end(s), side wall(s), top and from the base material to which it bottom shall not be less than 1/2 is bonded. inch (13 mm). D.9.2 D.12 Grooves in gaskets shall be no The lining shall be constructed so deeper than their width and the that it will not sag, buckle, or minimum radius of any internal prevent complete drainage in normal angle shall be not less than 1/8 use. inch (3 mm) unless the gasket is D.13 readily removable and reversible There shall be no threads on for cleaning. product contact surfaces. D.IO D.14 Gasket grooves or gasket retaining All seams and openings in the shell grooves in product contact surfaces shall be effectively sealed against for removable gaskets shall not the entrance of moisture and exceed 1/4 inch (6mm) in depth and, extraneous material. except those for standard 0-Rings D.15 smaller than 1/4 inch (6 mm), shall All sanitary fittings and be at least 1/4 inch wide (6 mm). connections shall conform to the D.ll applicable provisions of the 3-A Radii Sanitary Standards for Fittings, D.ll.l Number 08-17 Parts I and II, rev. Internal angles of 135 degrees or D.16 less on product contact surfaces All sanitary tubing shall conform shall have radii of not less than to the applicable provisions of 3-A 1/2 inch (13 mm), except that; Sanitary Standards for Polished

470 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JVLY 1990

,n)natiiiiWiiiMWi'i^'i~»ii<.MMCiMii 01-07 Metal Tubing for Dairy Products, for mechanical cleaning, the Number 33-00, except that materials product contact surface of the conforming to C.1.2 or C.1.4 may be device shall be relatively flush used for caps of sanitary design with the inner surface of the for the protection of terminal ends storage tank. of sanitary tubes, fittings, or D.19 vents. Agitation D.17 D.19.1 instrument Fittings Unless otherwise specified, means One or more fittings to accommodate for mechanical and/or air agitation indicating and/or recording of product shall be provided that thermometer temperature sensing when operated intermittently or devices shall be provided. The continuously shall be sufficient to thermometer connections and/or maintain the butterfat content of openings shall be located so that whole milk throughout the storage the thermometer is not influenced tank within a variation of plus or by the cooling jacket and shall minus 0.1 percent as determined by conform to one of the following an official AOAC Milk Fat Test. *5 type s: D.19.2 D.17.1 The agitator, if not designed for Fittings conforming to thermometer mechanical cleaning, shall be well supplements to 3-A Sanitary located and constructed in such a Standards for Instrument Fittings manner that it shall be readily and Connections, Number 09-07. accessible and removable for manual D.17.2 cleaning. Mechanical agitators Fittings for temperature sensing may be of a vertical or horizontal devices which do not pierce the type. storage tank lining, either D.19.3 temperature sensing element The opening for a vertical receptacles securely attached to mechanical agitator shall have a the exterior of the lining or means minimum diameter of 1 inch (2.5 cm) to attach temperature sensing on storage tanks which require elements securely to the exterior removal of the agitator shaft for of the lining. cleaning or be of a diameter that D.17.3 will provide a 1 inch (2.5 cm) The fittings for temperature minimum annular space between the sensing devices shall be located to agitator shaft and the inside permit the registering of the surface of the opening on storage temperature of the product when the tanks which do not require removal storage tank contains no more than of the agitator for cleaning. An 20 percent of its capacity. umbrella or drip shield of sanitary D.18 design that can be raised or A pressure or level sensor, if readily demounted, to permit provided, shall comply with the cleaning of all of its surfaces, applicable provisions of the 3-A shall be provided to protect Sanitary Standards for Pressure and against the entrance of Level Sensing Devices, Number contaminants into the storage tank 37-01. If the storage tank in through the annular space around which it will be used is designed the agitator shaft. The agitator

*5 The method of making these tests will be found in the following reference: Official Methods of Analysis: Available from the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, 1111 N 19th St., Suite 210, Arlington, VA 22209 (703-522-3032).

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONlJVLY 1990 471 01-07 shaft, if removable, shall be shall be of a sanitary design and provided with an easily accessible, be readily demountable for cleaning readily demountable coupling of outside the storage tank or be either a sanitary type located designed for mechanical cleaning. within the lining or a coupling If designed for mechanical located outside the lining provided cleaning, the tubing and all that it is above the umbrella related connections shall be provided to protect the annular self-draining. space around the shaft. A bottom support or guide, if used, shall be Permanently mounted air tubing welded to the lining and shall not shall be constructed and installed interfere with drainage of the so that it will not sag, buckle, storage tank and the internal vibrate or prevent complete angles shall have minimum radii of drainage of the storage tank or 1/8 inch (3 mm). When the agitator tubing and shall be located so that shaft has a bearing cavity, the the distance from the outside of diameter of the cavity shall be the tubing to the lining shall be greater than the depth. at least 2 inches (5.0 cm), except D.19.4 at the point of entrance. The agitator driving mechanism D.20 shall be securely mounted in a A sample cock shall be provided. position that will provide a It shall be of a type that has its minimum distance of 4 inches (10 sealing surface relatively flush cm) measured from the driving with the product contact surface of mechanism housing, excluding the storage tank unless located in bearing bosses and mounting bosses, the manhole door and have an inside to the nearest surface of the diameter no less than that of 1 storage tank; and in such a manner inch (2.5 cm) 3-A sanitary tubing. that all surfaces of the storage D.21 tank under or adjacent to the Sight and light openings, when driving mechanism shall be readily provided, shall be of such design accessible for cleaning and and construction that the inner inspection. surfaces drain inwardly; and if the D.19.5 storage tank is designed for A seal for the agitator shaft, if mechanical cleaning, the inner provided, shall be of a packless surface of the glass (or plastic) type, sanitary in design and shall be relatively flush with the durable. A seal shall be provided inner surface of the lining. The for (1) a horizontal agitator, (2) inside diameter of the opening a vertical agitator when it is shall be at least 3 3/4 inches (9.5 specified that the storage tank is cm). The external flare of the to be located so that the portion opening shall be so that liquid of the shaft outside the storage cannot accumulate. tank is not in a processing area D.22 and (3) an agitator in a storage A direct reading gauge of the sight tank having means for mechanically glass or plastic tube type, if cleaning the storage tank. provided, shall be sanitary in D.19.6 design and construction and shall Equipment and means for applying be readily accessible for cleaning air under pressure shall conform to or shall be designed for mechanical the applicable provisions of the cleaning. 3-A Accepted Practices for Supplying Air Under Pressure, If designed for mechanical Number 604-03. Tubing and related cleaning, the inside diameter of connections within the storage tank the gauge parts shall be

472 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/IVLY 1990 01-07 sufficiently uniform that all diameter of a 1 1/2 inch (3.8 cm) product contact surfaces will be 3-A sanitary fitting. The outlet cleaned. shall be in a position that will provide complete drainage of the It shall be designed and storage tank. The top of the constructed so that all product in terminal end of the outlet passage the gauge will be discarded. Means shall be lower than the lowest to accomplish this shall be point of the lining. provided at the lowest point and in D.25 such a manner that product in the Inlet and outlet connections in the gauge will not enter the storage storage tank shall be provided with tank outlet nor re-enter the welded stub ends, bolted or storage tank. The valve shall be clamp-type flanges or 3-A sanitary close coupled. The distance, threaded connections. The face of measured along the passage for the a bolted or clamp-type flange or a product in the storage tank to the 3-A sanitary threaded connection, gauge valve, from the nearest point below the maximum normal product on the shell to the ferrule or level, shall be as close as flange for the valve shall not be practical but not to exceed the more than the smaller of (1) twice smaller of (1) twice the nominal the nominal diameter of the passage diameter of the connection or (2) 5 or (2) 5 inches (13 cm). inches (13 cm) to the outer shell D.23 of the storage tank. A hooded air vent of sufficient D.26 free open area to prevent back Valves, if provided, on inlet and pressure during filling and to outlet connections into the tank, prevent vacuum during emptying of below the maximum normal product the storage tank shall be provided level, shall be close-coupled and in the front head near the top, or free-draining. in the top of the storage tank. D.27 (See Appendix, Section I.) The vent The manhole shall be located at the shall terminate in a processing outlet end or side of the storage area and shall drain into the tank or the top of the storage storage tank. tank. The inside dimensions of the manhole opening shall not be less The air vent shall be provided with than 15 inches (38 cm) by 20 inches a cover or be fabricated to protect (51 cm) oval, or 18 inches (46 cm) the vent from overhead drip or diameter. A top manhole opening drainage. Perforations may be shall be not less than 3/8 inch (10 provided on the sides and/or the cm) higher than the surrounding bottom of the vent. Perforations area and if the exterior flange is shall have openings not greater incorporated in it, it shall slope than 1/16 inch (2 mm) diameter, or and drain away from the opening. slots not more than 1/32 inch (1 The sleeve or collar of a manhole mm) wide for cleaning and opening for an inside swing-type inspection. Woven wire mesh shall manhole cover shall be pitched so not be used for this purpose. It that liquids cannot accumulate. shall be so designed that parts are D.28 readily accessible and readily The cover for a manhole in the end demountable for cleaning and or side wall shall be either of the inspection. inside or outside swing-type. If D.24 the cover swings inside, it shall The inside diameter of the outlet also swing outside, away from the passage of storage tanks shall not opening. Threads or ball joints be less than the nominal inside employed to attach the manhole

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIlVVf 1990 473 01-07 cover(s) shall not be located within the lining. The cover for a With Legs. Adjustable legs shall manhole in the top shall be of the be provided of sufficient number outside swing-type. and strength and so spaced that the D.29 filled storage tank will be Insulation adequately supported. Legs shall D.29.1 be smooth with rounded ends and The storage tank shall be insulated have no exposed threads. Legs made with insulating material of a of hollow stock shall be sealed. nature and amount sufficient to Exterior of legs and leg sockets prevent, in 18 hours, an average shall be readily cleanable. Legs temperature change of greater than shall be such that the product 2 degrees F (1 degree C) in the outlet is sufficiently high to storage tank full of water when the allow for adequate cleaning and average difference between the will provide an 8 inch (20 cm) temperature of the atmosphere minimum clearance between the floor surrounding the storage tank is 30 and the tank outlet valve or degrees F (17 degrees C) above or bracing whichever is lower. The below that of the water in the legs of cylindrical horizontal storage tank. The insulating value storage tanks shall be installed so of the insulation over that the leg will be vertical when non-refrigerated areas of the the tank lining is pitched 1/4 inch storage tank shall be equivalent to per foot (2 cm per m) toward the not less than: outlet. D.29.1.1 D.30.1.2 An R-value of at least 8 for Mounted on a slab or island. The base of the storage tank shall be (a) A storage tank designed to such that it may be sealed to the be installed wholly within mounting surface. (See Appendix, a building or Section J.) D.30.1.3 (b) That portion of the storage Storage tanks may be mounted on tank within a building on load cells. If load cells are tanks designed to be provided, they shall meet the installed partially outside material criteria of Section C.2 a building. and the fabrication criteria of D.29.1.2 Section D.33 herein. An R-value of at least 12 for that D.30.2 portion of the storage tank outside A storage tank to be installed of a building on storage tanks partially outside a processing designed to be installed partially area shall be provided with a outside of a building. collar, flange, plate or other D.29.2 suitable member to close the Insulation material shall be opening in the processing room wall installed in such a manner as to and shall be such that it can be prevent shifting or settling. sealed to the wall. D.30 D.31 Means of Supporting Storage Tanks The outer shell shall be smooth and D.30.1 effectively sealed except for a The means of supporting storage vent or weep hole in the outer tanks designed to be installed shell of the storage tank. The wholly within a processing area vent or weep hole shall be located shall be one of the following: in a position that will provide

474 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONUMLV 1990 01-07 drainage from the outer shell and APPENDIX shall be vermin proof. Outside welds need not be ground. STAINLESS STEEL MATERIALS D.32 Stainless steel conforming to the Any guard(s) required by a safety applicable composition ranges standard(s) that will not permit established by AISI^2 for wrought accessibility for cleaning and products, or by ACI^3 for cast inspection shall be designed so products, should be considered in that it (they) can be removed compliance with the requirements of without the use of tools. Section C.l herein. Where welding D.33 is involved the carbon content of Non-product contact surfaces shall the stainless steel should not be smooth, free of pockets and exceed 0.08 percent. The first crevices and be readily cleanable reference cited in C.l sets forth and those to be coated shall be the chemical ranges and limits of effectively prepared for coating. stainless steels of the 300 series. D.34 Cast grades of stainless steel Information Plate corresponding to types 303, 304, Storage tanks shall have an and 316, are designated CF-16F, information plate in juxtaposition CF-8, and CF-8M, respectively. to the name plate giving one of the These cast grades are covered by statements in D.34.1 (See D.29.1.1 ASTM^6 specifications A351/A351M, (a) and D.29.1.2) and if the A743/A743M, and A744/A744M. storage tank has a vertical agitator, one of the statements in PRODUCT CONTACT SURFACE FINISH D.34.2 (See D.19.3) or the Surface finish equivalent to 150 statement(s) shall appear on the grit or better as obtained with name plate. The wording of the silicon carbide properly applied on statement(s) can be changed but not stainless steel sheets is the intent. considered in compliance with the D.34.1 requirements of Section D.l herein. "The insulation of this storage tank complies with the requirements MANUAL CLEANING for a storage tank to be installed If the inside height of a storage *_ a building." tank exceeds 96 inches (244 cm), one means for manual cleaning is to ♦Insert one of the following: weld a stainless steel rung on (a) "wholly within" each end of the tank to support a (b) "partially outside of" removable platform at a height D.34.2 which will facilitate cleaning and "The agitator of this storage tank inspection. is designed so that the portion of agitator shaft outside of the MECHANICAL CLEANING storage tank **_ in a One cleaning method found to be processing area." satisfactory is to pump the cleaning solution to the dome of ♦♦Insert one of the following: the storage tank or the upper (a) "does not have to be" portion of the tank surface, (b) "must be" through stainless steel lines with

♦6 Available from ASTM, 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, PA 19103-1187 (215-299-5400).

DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JVL\ 1990 475 01-07

C-I-P fittings or welded joints and The above sizes are based on normal distribute it in such a manner as operation and are sized to to provide flooding over all accommodate air only and not interior surfaces. The storage liquid. A perforated vent should tank should be installed with have a free opening area equal to sufficient pitch to accomplish at least 1 1/2 times the area of draining and to have a fast the minimum vent opening in the flushing action across the bottom. storage tank. The venting system The pitch should be at least 1/A covered in the preceding paragraphs inch per foot (2.0 cm per m). is intended to provide for venting Means should be provided for manual during filling and emptying; cleaning of all surfaces not however, it is not adequate during cleaned satisfactorily by cleaning. During the cleaning mechanical cleaning procedures. cycle, storage tanks when cleaned mechanically should be vented NOTE: Cleaning and/or sanitizing adequately by opening the manhole solutions should be made up in a door to prevent vacuum or pressure separate tank - not the storage build up due to sudden changes in tank. Halogen based sanitizers temperature of very large volumes (chlorine or iodine) allowed to of air.*7 Means sJxould be provided remain unrinsed on surfaces for to prevent excess loss of cleaning longer than necessary may cause solution through the manhole corrosion damage. opening. The use of tempered water of about 95 degrees F (35 degrees AIR VENTING C) for both pre-rinsing and To insure adequate venting of the post-rinsing is recommended to storage tank which will protect it reduce the effect of flash heating from internal pressure or vacuum and cooling. Provisions should be damage during normal operation, the made to prevent overfilling with critical relationship between resultant vacuum or pressure damage minimum vent-size and maximum to the storage tank. filling or emptying rates should be observed. The size of the free SLABS OR ISLANDS vent opening of a storage tank When a storage tank is designed to should be at least as large as be installed on a slab or an island, those shown in the following table: the slab or island should be of sufficient height so that the bottom Minimum Free Maximum Filling of the outlet connection is not less Vent or than 8 inches (20 cm) above the floor. Opening Size Emptying Rate The surface of the slab or island should Inches (cm) I.D. Gallons (Litres be coated with a thick layer of per minute waterproof mastic material, which will 1 3/4 (4.5) 175 (660) harden without cracking. The junction 2 1/4 (5.7) 300 (1140) of the outer shell of the storage tank 2 3/4 (7.0) 400 (1500) and the slab or island should be sealed. 3 3/4 (9.5) 700 (2650)

These Standards are effective on Septembers, 1990, at which time the 3-A Sanitary Standards for Storage Tanks for Milk and Milk Products, Number 01-06 are rescinded and become null and void.

*7 For example, when a 6,000 gallon tank (with 800 cu. ft. of 135 degrees F hot air after cleaning) is suddenly flash cooled by 50 degrees F water sprayed at 100 gpm the following takes place: Within 1 second, the 800 cu. ft. of hot air shrinks approximately 51 cu. ft in volume. This is the equivalent in occupied space of approximately 382 gallons of product. The shrinkage creates a vacuum sufficient to collapse the tank unless the vent, manhole, or other openings allow the air to enter the tank at approximately the same rate as it shrinks. It is obvious, therefore, that a very large air vent such as the manhole opening is required to accommodate this air flow.

476 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/iVLY 1990 Tcike the Time.

Take the time to attend the 1990 International Dairy Show— the exhibition that features dairy specific trade information that will improve your profit potential for years to come. And, with more than 400 exhibitors and over 35 workshops, every minute you spend at the Show is time well spent. A Show for the good of the entire industry. The Show fills the needs of the entire dairy industry because it is sponsored by processors, manu¬ facturers, marketers, and retail¬ ers of fluid milk, yo^rt and cultured products, butter, cheese, ice cream, novelties, frozen yogurt, and other dairy products. Come and explore exhibits, exchange ideas, and learn methods to keep your com¬ pany competitive. Register now. Mark your calendar; make a commitment today to attend the 1990 International Dairy Show. It offers timely educational sessions and exhibits that will teach all levels of management and per¬ sonnel new methods to maxi¬ FILLING mize time and productivity. Registration forms are now OURNEEDS available at the MIF & IICA office. Participants may choose from several packages including, the “Full Package,” the “Worktop/ Exhibit Package,” or “Daily Regis¬ tration.” Everyone is invited to the exhibit hall free of charge. For more information call or write: MIF & IICA, 888 16th St., NW, Washington, DC 20006, 1330 International (202) 296-4250. DAIRYSHtm Sponsored by: Milk Industry Foundation October 18-20,1990 International Ice Cream Association National Cheese Institute Anaheim Convention Center American Butter Institute Anaheim, California National Ice Cream and Yogurt Retailers Association

Please circle No. Ill on your Reader Service Card DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIJVLY 1990 All Business Exchange ‘‘Classifieds

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478 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JVLN 1990 Services / Products

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480 DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/SVLY 1990 Coming Events

1990 Conference will start at 1:00 p.m. on September 13 at the Earle Brown Center, University of Minnesota. Annual AUGUST meeting will start at 4:30 p.m. on September 13 with the Awards Banquet at 6:00 p.m. at the Holiday Inn, Shoreview. For further information call Roy E. Ginn at (612)785-0484. •5-8, lAMFES 77th Annual Meeting, Woodfield Hilton •13-14, Annual Wisconsin Laboratory Association’s Towers, Arlington Heights, IL. For more information, Educational Conference will be held in Brookfield, WI. contact Steven K. Halstead, lAMFES, Inc., 502 E. Lincoln The Conference will be held at the Mariott Convention Way, Ames, IA 50010 (800)369-6337. Center. For more information please contact Mr. Malin •6-7, Pesticide Applicator Certiflcation Seminar, Benicek, Sanofi Bio Ingredients, 620 Progress Avenue, Okumura Biological Institute, Holiday Inn, Elk Grove Waukesha, WI 53186. Village, IL. Contact George Okumura, 6669 14th Street, •13-16, International Symposium on Bovine Mastitis will Sacramento, CA 95831 (916)421-8963. be held at the Westin Hotel in Indianapolis, IN. The •7-8, Dietary Managers Association Meeting to be held at Symposium is jointly sponsored by the National Mastitis the Hyatt Orlando, Orlando, Florida. For more information Council (NMC) and the American Association of Bovine call (708)932-1444 or (800)323-1908. Practitioners (AABP) and will be held in conjunction with •7-11,2nd Latin-American Congress of Biotechnology to the AABP 23rd Annual Conference. For additional be held in LaHabana, Havana, Cuba. For more information information contact Ann Saeman, Director of Operations, contact the Organizing Committee, P.O. Box 6162, Havana, National Mastitis Council, 1840 Wilson Boulevard, Suite Cuba. Telex: 512330 ing gen cu, 511072 cubacib. 400, Arlington, VA 22201 USA; (703)243-8268. Telephone: 21-8039, 20-1400, 20-1402, 20-1408, 21-8466, •17-19, New York State Association of Milk and Food 21-8164, 21-8008. FAX: 53-7-218070. Sanitarians Annual Meeting, at the Sheraton Inn-Syracuse, •8-9, Advance Pesticide Technology for the Food Liverpool, NY. For more information contact Paul Dersam, Industry Seminar, Okumura Biological Institute, Holiday 27 Sullivan Rd., Alden, NY 14004, (716)937-3432. Inn, Elk Grove Village, IL. For more information contact •17-19, Sanitation and Safety for Food Processors and George Okumura, 6669 14th Street, Sacramento, CA 95831 Warehousers sponsored by the American Sanitation (916)421-8963. Institute will be held at the Embassy Suites Hotel in •15-18, FOOD PACIFIC, 1990 will be held at Vancouver’s downtown St. Louis, MO. The program will feature domed stadium, B.C. Place. Those wishing to attend may prominent guest speakers in the national food industry, and obtain further information by contacting: B.C. Food topics will include FDA and USDA updates, incoming Exhibitions Ltd., 190-10651 Shellbridge Way, Richmond, goods and in-house inspections, and insect and rodent B.C., Canada V6X 2W8 (604)660-2288. control. For more information please contact Nancy •26-31, Eighth International Biodeterioration and Sullivan or Christine Verplank at ASI, 7625 Page Biodegradation Symposium. University of Windsor, Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63133, or by calling (800)325- Ontario, Canada. For more information contact Mary M. 3371 (in Missouri (314)725-2555). Hawkins, Corresponding Secretary, 10657 Galaxie, Femdale, •19-20, Wisconsin Association of Milk and Food MI 48220-2133, (313)544-0042. Sanitarians Annual Meeting. Pioneer Inn, Oshkosh, WI. •27, Pesticide Applicator Certification Seminar, Okumura For more information contact Neil Vassau (608)267-3504. Biological Institute, Clarion Hotel, Sacramento, CA. For •25-27, Environmental Regulation Course presented by more information contact George Okumura, 6669 14th Executive Enterprises, Inc. will be held at the Dallas Street, Sacramento, CA 95831 (916)421-8963. Marriott Park Central, 7750 LBJ Freeway @ Coit Road, Dallas, TX 75251 (214)233-4421. For more information SEPTEMBER call (800)831-8333 or (212)645-7880 (outside the U.S.). •26-27, Joint Annual Convention of the South Dakota •10-13, 104th Annual AOAC International Meeting & State Dairy Association and Dairy Fieldmen’s Exposition, to be held at the Clarion Hotel, New Orleans, Association to be held at the Holiday Inn, Brookings, SD. Louisiana. For more information contact: Margaret Ridgell, For information contact Dr. John Parsons, Dairy Science AOAC, Suite 400, 2200 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA Department, SDSU, Box 2104, Brookings, SD 57007 22201-3301 (703)522-3032. (605)688-4116. •12-14, Environmental Regulation Course presented by •26-28, Kansas Association of Sanitarians Annual Executive Enterprises, Inc. will be held at the Hotel Meeting, Red Coach Inn, Salina, KS. For more information Pontchartrain, Two Washington Blvd, Detroit, MI (313)965- contact John Davis, 1900 East 19th, Wichita, KS 67214, 0200. For more information call (8(X))831-8333 or (316)268-8351. (212)645-7880 (outside the U.S.). •13-14, Minnesota Sanitarians Association, Inc. Annual

DAIRY. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONmLV 1990 481 OCTOBER information, please contact program convenors: Garth Sundeen (416)239-8411 or FAX (416)239-2416 or Patrick •7-12, Twenty-Third International Dairy Congress, Kwan (416)671-5080 or FAX (416)671-5176. sponsored by the International Dairy Federation, and Exposition 1990, will be held at the Montreal Convention DECEMBER Centre, Montreal, Canada. For further information, contact: Richard Stem, Executive Director, International Dairy •3, Pesticide Applicator Certification Seminar, Okumura Congress, 1990, P.O. Box 2143, Station D. Ottawa, Ontario, Biological Institute, Clarion Hotel, Sacramento, CA. For Canada KIP 5W3 (613)238-4116. more information contact George Okumura, 6669 14th •9-10, North Dakota Environmental Health Association’s Street, Sacramento, CA 95831 (916)421-8963. 1990 Fall Educational Conference and Meeting will be •4-5, Pests Associated with Food Industry and held at the Holiday Inn, Grand Forks, ND. For more Environmental Sanitation Seminar, Okumura Biological information please feel free to contact Mel Fischer, Institute, Clarion Hotel, Sacramento, CA. For more Bismarck Fire and Inspections, 1020 East Central Avenue, information contact George Okumura, 6669 14th Street, Bismarck, ND 58501, (701)258-2070. Sacramento, CA 95831 (916)421-8963. •15-16, Pests Associated with Food Industry and •6-7, Advanced Course on Pest Recognition and Food Environmental Sanitation Seminar, Okumura Biological Industry Problems, Okumura Biological Institute, Clarion Institute, Holiday Inn, Elk Grove Village, IL. For more Hotel, Sacramento, CA. For more information contact information contact George Okumura, 6669 14th Street, George Okumura, 6669 14th Street, Sacramento, CA 95831 Sacramento, CA 95831 (916)421-8963. (916)421-8963. •17-18, Advanced Course on Pest Recognition and Food •12-18, American Society of Agricultural Engineers will Industry Problems, Okumura Biological Institute, Holiday be sponsoring the International Symposium on Inn, Elk Grove Village, IL. For more information contact Agricultural and Food Processing Wastes. For more George Okumura, 6669 14th Street, Sacramento, CA 95831 information contact: Jon Hiler, American Society of (916)421-8963. Agricultural Engineers, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MO •17-18, North Central Cheese Industries Association 49085 (616)429-0300. Annual Conference, will be held at the South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD. For more information contact E.A. Zottola, Executive-Secretary, NCCIA, P. O. Box 8113, St. Paul, MN 55108. •18-20, 1990 International Dairy Show will be held in Curtis & Tompkins, Lt(d. Anaheim, CA. For more information call Tracy Stroud at (202)296-4250. Analytical Laboratories Since 1878 •22-25, The Science of Ice Cream Manufacturing will be A Full Service Laboratory Providing held on the Davis campus of the University of California, Davis, CA. Sponsored by University Extension. For more Testing of Food, Water, Feed and information call Jim Lapsley at (916)757-8692. Agricultural Products.

NOVEMBER • Food Poisoning Bacteria •4-7, National Fisheries Institute will hold its 45th annual • Listeria/Salmonella convention at the new Marriott Marquis, San Francisco, CA. • Pesticides/Toxins For more information contact Pat McCoy, convention • Shelf Life Evaluation coordinator (703)524-8881. •6-8, International Cheese Technology Exposition will be • Nutritional Labeling held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. For further information • Vitamins contact: USCMA/WEMA, P.O. Box 2133, Madison, WI 53701 (608)255-2027. USFDA Approved & USDA Certified •14-15, Alabama Dairy & Food Conference to be held at the Howard Johnson Motor Lodge in Birmingham. For more information contact Tom McCaskey at (205)844-1518. •27-19, Biotech USA ’90 presents PharmBiotech, 1250 S. Boyle Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90023 AgBiotech, BioLab and BioBusiness at the Ramada (213) 269-7421 FAX (213) 268-5328 Renaissance Techworld, Washington, DC. •28, Ontario Food Protection Association Annual Today's Technology, Meeting, will be held at the Airport Hilton Hotel, Toronto, Backed by More than a Century of Service Ontario. The title of the all-day symposium is "FOOD PROTECTION: HOT TOPICS FOR THE ’90’s". For more Please circle No. 102 on your Reader Service Card 482 DAIRY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATIONIIVLN 1990 lAMFES

International Association of Milk, Food and Environmental Sanitarians, Inc.

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STUDENT MEMBERSHIP SUBSCRIPTIONS for agencies, libraries, associations, institutions □ Membership with BOTH journals $35 □ BOTH journals $185 □ Membership with Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation $20 □ Dairy, Food and Environmental Sanitation $100 □ Membership with the Journal of Food Protection $20 □ Journal of Food Protection $135 ’Student verification must accompany this form

POSTAGE CHARGES: Outside the U.S. add $12 per journal surface rate or $90 per journal AIRMAIL ordered. U.S. funds only, drawn on U.S. Bank.

3-A Sanitary Standards "Procedures" Booklets

3-A Sanitary Standards □ Complete set 3-A Dairy Stds .ea $33 □ Procedures to Investigate Waterborne Illness . ea $5. □ Complete set 3-A Dairy & Egg Stds.ea $48 a Procedures to Investigate Food borne Illness - new 4tti Edition. ea $5.

□ 3-A Egg Stds .ea $28 □ Procedures to Investigate Arthropod-borne and Rodent-borne illness .. ea $5. SSS Five-year Senrice on 3-A Sanitary Standards □ 3-A Dairy & Egg Stds . Five years $44 Multiple copies available at reduced prices. Prices include postage.

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MAIL ENTIRE FORM TO: . CHECK OR MONEY ORDER . MASTER CARD lAMFES DEPT. S .VISA U.S. FUNDS! 502 E. LINCOLN WAY AMERICAN EXPRESS AMES, lA 50010

OR USE YOUR CHARGE CARD 1-800-369-6337 515-232-6699 FAX 515-232-4736 YOUR SIGNATURE From the Ames Office ... ( »

Last month I shared with you something of the 6. Given the iiig>ortance of members to an satisfaction I get from my professional organization. I association, don't do anything that might encourage others to join. Be careful to keep received a response to that column from the Regional your membership a secret - no wall plaques, no Association of Terrorists (RATs) who demanded that I lapel pins, have association mail delivered to provide equal time to their cause. Since they were holding your home, and never, ever share association information with others. a bad cold, hostage, I gave into their demands. What choice 7. Ask not what you can do for the did I have? association, just complain about how little it According to the RATs, every association member does for you. Better yet, tell others how much their association does and how little needs to know (has a right to know!) what he/she can do to yours does. Pride in your association is a destroy his/her professional association. Here’s what they wonderful thing - for others! suggest: 8. Volunteer to chair a committee - then don't do anything. Don't call meetings. Don't do the work. Don't make reports. Don't 1. Never attend the association's attend coordinating sessions. If approached, SMatings. (They are boring and anything you say a meeting is in the planning stage and learn will just confuse you. Besides you know it's too early to be specific. Remember the enough now and the information needed to do ploy that has made American business what it your job isn't changing). is today - "the meeting agenda is in the 2. If you must attend the meetings, go to mail." just the program part. Never, Never, Never, 9. And probably the best way to destroy an go to the business meeting. (We all know that association is to criticize the group from the they are just an ego trip for the officers and perspective of a non-member. It is very anyway they don't want anyone messing with important that you not be a member when you do their association.) this (if you happen to be a member, you can 3. If the association sends out a survey, always quit claiming the dues are too high). don't fill it out. (If they send a postage Otherwise, you might be tempted to work within paid return envelope, put a brick in it and the association to improve it. send it back. The postage due will cost a All volunteers (and to a lesser degree, fortune!) Surveys are a pain in the neck and paid staff) love to hear criticism nobody ever pays any attention to the results, especially from non-members. They know that anyway. it is offered in the spirit of helpfulness and If the association begins a new program that it is coming from someone who sincerely based on the survey results, complain that the cares about the association. results weren't representative of the whole association. Besides, how can the association I hof)e you had as much fun reading this as I had even think of doing something new at a time writing it. Be assured, it was done when my tongue was like this! 4. If your opinion is sought, just tell planted firmly in my cheek. them what they want to hear. They don't Having been an association manager for the better part really care and probably aren't listening. of eight years, I can guarantee that RATs is on the right Later, be critical of any/all decisions and actions taken. Particularly those that don't track. If you want to destroy an organization, any one of impact you in any way. That way, you can't be these ideas can be devastating, but putting two or more accused of special interests. together makes it a "done deal." 5. Don't volunteer for anything! There are plenty of others in the group who are less Come to Arlington Heights for the 77th Annual important than you and who are perfectly happy Meeting. Do your part to thwart the efforts of the RATs. to help out. As an added bonus, you can "This message will self-destruct in." complain to them about the way they did the job. They didn't even ask for your ideas about how to do it!

484 DA/RY, FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION/JULY 1990 V

Reader requests for information are sent to the lAMFES appropriate company. Follow-up on reader re¬ quests are the responsibility of the company

intemationai Association o1 Milk. Food and Environmentai Sanitanans Inc advertising.

The Advertisements in¬ cluded herein are not Company To receive \ necessarily endorsed by the International As¬ information \ sociation of Milk, Food on membership and Environmental Sanitarians, Inc. with lAMFES Phone Number Circle 360 j send information on items circled Deadline 60 days from issue < on this card / 192 205 218 296 309 322 335 193 206 219 297 310 323 336 194 207 220 296 311 324 337 195 208 221 299 312 325 338 196 209 222 300 313 326 339 197 210 223 Ml 314 327 340 198 211 224 302 315 328 341 199 212 225 303 316 329 342 200 213 226 304 317 3M 343 201 214 227 305 318 331 344 202 215 228 306 319 332 345 203 216 229 M7 320 333 346 204 217 230 306 321 334 347

Reader requests for information are sent to the lAMFES appropriate company. Follow-up on reader re¬ quests are the responsibility of the company

Inteinational Association ot Milk. Food and Environmental Sanitanans Inc advertising.

The Advertisements in¬ cluded herein are not Company necessarily endorsed This second \ by the International As¬ Reader Sen/ice \ sociation of Milk, Food and Environmental Card is provided ' Sanitarians, Inc. to allow co-workers Phone Number to also respond to information on items circled Deadline 60 days from issue i companies of interest. / lAMFES

502 E. Lincoln Way Ames, Iowa 50010

lAMFES

502 E. Lincoln Way Ames, Iowa 50010 How to control foodserviee enemy No. with aNumber 2 penefl.

Ijh Trust your reputation to our reputation. Take the test and gauge how effective it is yourself. Many operations use it as a pzut of their own Quality Assurance program, at the end of in-house training, or just as a spot¬ checking device. That’s because the Food Salmonella Cell Protection Certification Program gives The biggest cause of foodbome illness isn’t independent confirmation that training poor sanitation, or bad refrigeration, or efforts are working. sloppy handling, or improper preparation. Why not suggest testing of food It’s ignorance. industry managers to operations in your Which includes all of the above, jurisdiction? You’ll be doing them a favor by and more. helping them achieve a better-trained That’s why ETS developed the Food workforce and by minimizing their exposure Protection Certification Program. And why to the liabilities of foodbome illness, too. more and more food industry operations are It all starts with an ordinary #2 pencil. depending on it to evaluate employee And it’s only from ETS. working knowledge of food protection To find out more about the Food techniques. Protection Certification Program—and receive your very own box of official ETS #2 Welcome to the real world. pencils—call toll-free 1-800-251-FOOD. The Food Protection Certification Program Or mail this coupon to: Educational Testing wasn’t bom in an ivory tower. We wrote it Service, CN 6515, Princeton^^^^^^ggl with the encouragement of the FDA, in conjunction with real live managers—to make sure that it tests the things workers need to know, day by day. Please send me free program information (and a tx)x of ETS #2 pencils).

And then we validated it in the real Name. world, to make sure that you can count on the results. In fact, the test is recognized as a creditable evaluation for food Jurisdiction (City, State). industry managers and sanitarians. Company,

Educational Testing Service Phone (_).

Stop by our Exhibit at the lAMFES Annual Meeting Please circle No. 170 on your Reader Service Card This is the cow that caught the bug, that was treated by penicillin (and ampicillin and erythromycin and sulfamethazine etc.) that spoiled the milk, that contaminated the silo, that shut down the plant, that lost $100,000. Because somebody didn’t take 5 (or 7, or 12) minutes to do one of the new family of Charm Ttets.

Nothing works like a Charm.

Penciin Assays he. 36 Franklin Street, Malden, MA 02148, Tel. (617) 322-1523

Stop by our Exhibit at the lAMFES Annual Meeting Please circle No. 186 on your Reader Service Card ■i

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