English Summaries

EnglishRezensionen summaries 1328 the castle passed to the lords of and 1807–1812 Prussia, 1815 the English summaries Württemberg, became a coparcenary Grand Duchy of Saxony-Weimar-Ei- castle in the late fifteenth century and senach, 1922 the Free State of Thurin- in the sixteenth century was in the sole gia and 1952 the GDR), the town of Martin Hörnes: possession of the lords of Massen- Blankenhain took possession of the Castle chapels and private bach. The castle of Ebersberg retains palace in 1990. For the last three years patrician chapels – places of its irregular 13th century shape. In the Schlossverein Blankenhain e.V. representation and religion addition to the keep there were resi- has been concerned with renovating dential quarters and the ‘knights’ buil- this ancient monument. The building The author presents the results of his ding’ which was demolished in 1624. history of the main part of the palace – dissertation on the private chapels of In the late 15th century the castle was originally mediaeval and built on a patricians in Regensburg. The term reinforced with a pentagonal flanking polygonal ground plan – and the pur- ‘private chapel’, like ‘castle chapel’, tower and a twin-towered gatehouse, pose it served have been largely unre- does not indicate a type of building but of which only the ground floor has searched, but some pointers are provi- its purpose. His examples show that survived. The Massenbach family ded by four coloured ground plans the private chapels in Regensburg do built the living quarters known as the drawn as a ‘study in reconstruction’ of not correspond to the uniform type of ‘palace’ in the north-western corner. the palace which was partially des- vaulted tower chapels derived from The ground floor with its vaulted troyed by fire in 1667. In contrast to castles. In fact, private chapels cover rooms has been preserved. The half- the original intention, the round main all the building types usually found in timbered upper storey burned down in tower in the middle of the courtyard, church architecture, as the examples, 1714 and was replaced with the storey mentioned as late as 1673, was demo- mostly from Regensburg, show. In of 18th century design which is still lished before 1690. The work carried common with castle chapels, private standing. From 1698 the manor of out by imperial count Hermann von chapels are places of worship and re- Ebersberg belonged to the Cistercian Hatzfeldt and his son, Sebastian II, in presentation for their founders and monastery of Schöntal an der Jagst 1669-1685 was concerned with the patrons. In this way there are similari- which sold it to Württemberg in 1786. reconstruction of the east wing, des- ties between private and castle chapels During this period, although surroun- troyed by the fire, and the north wing, in terms of building type and use. ded by protestant Württemberg, a ca- part of it half-timbered. A polygonal, tholic community developed for 25 m high stair tower was built on the Heiko Wagner/Regine Dendler: which a church was built in the resi- north-west side. The kitchen wing A second chapel at Burg dential wing. It continued to exist even which the plans show projecting on Hohenbaden? after becoming part of Württemberg. the Northern side was never built. A school for shepherds was esta- There are known traces of an older blished in the domestic buildings and castle chapel are known at Hohenba- in the course of the nineteenth century den, the ancestral castle of the margra- Richard Nemec: much of the building was demolished. The castle and monastery of ves of Baden. These are described The palace of Ebersberg has belonged briefly. However, there was evidently Oybin: the development of to the diocese of Rottenburg since trade routes in the Lusatian a private chapel in the ‚Bernhard‘ 1961. Today it houses a recreational building (ca. 1400). In the older litera- mountains in the light of the and conference centre of the St. territorial policy of Charles IV ture it is erroneously described as a George’s scouting association. secular gallery for festive occasions, and their importance for the but some of the details of the building construction of the imperial work suggest that it was more likely to residence and the founding of have been used for religious purposes. Jens Friedhof: the Celestine monastery Blankenhain in Thuringia – Its The article seeks to encourage further The historical importance of the stra- construction, fittings and research into its history (in particular, tegically well-situated territory of Zit- owners reflected in archive archive sources), canon law aspects tau is essentially determined by major sources and – most importantly in view of the trade routes. The ‘Leipa’ route led relatively poor state of repair of the The origins of the palace of Blanken- from Zittau via Böhmisch Leipa (Čes- room – its construction and how to hain south of Weimar, the first docu- ká Lípa) and Leitmeritz (Litoměřice) restore it. mentary evidence of which dates from to Prague and – on the north-south axis 1303, reach back to the mid-thirteenth – the ‘Zittau route’ led from the Baltic century. The original owners of the via Frankfurt (Oder), Zittau and the Walther-Gerd Fleck: palace and the territory were the lords Lückendorf pass to Gabel and thence The castle and palace of of Meldingen, followed from 1416 to to Niemes and Weisswasser. There Ebersberg 1431 by the counts of Gleichen, then was a third route via Görlitz, Seiden- The castle of Ebersberg, first mentio- the imperial counts of Hatzfeldt-Crot- berg, Friedland and Reichenberg (Li- ned by name in 1226, was built by torf-Gleichen from 1639-1794. After berec). A new feature established by Siboto von Jagstberg. The castle be- frequent changes of owner in the nine- the Luxembourg dynasty in the dense came the main seat of the family. In teenth and twentieth centuries (1802 network of Lusatian transport routes Burgen und Schlösser 4/2003 265 Rezensionen was support for the economically more favourable trade routes and dis- continuation of those which were less profitable. Charles IV gave preferenti- al treatment to the Zittau route by prohibiting the use of alternative routes, e.g. the route via Friedland, and ensured its primacy as a trading route by building the toll castle of Karlsfried (1357). As a result, Oybin’s importance also declined, exacerbated not least by the incorporation of the ‘Bohemian’ town of Zittau into the League of Six Towns, which meant in effect that it became included with the towns of Upper Lusatia. This gave it, and the territory of Zittau as a whole, a certain political and economic secu- rity. As a symbol of his presence and as guarantee of the royal domaine – and probably through fear of subsequent misuse of the castle as a robbers’ nest – Charles IV had a palace built here in 1364 at the expense of the town of Zittau. With the loss of its original function the way was free for Oybin to be used as a monastery. On 17 March 1369 Charles IV had the foundation deed drawn up in Lucca for the Celes- tines. The first foundation of this order in Bohemia was proof that the monastery in the district of Zittau belonged to the kingdom of Bohemia. 266 Burgen und Schlösser 4/2003.

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