BRIEF FOR COMMITTEE ON HEMISPHERIC SECURITY

Presented by TONYA T. AYOW Head of Secretariat/ Deputy Director (ag), Projects, CARICOM IMPLEMENTATION AGENCY FOR CRIME & SECURITY (IMPACS) WASHINGTON, DC, USA – 25 NOVEMBER, 2008

RESTRICTED 1 PRESENTATION OUTLINE OVERVIEW OF CURRENT THREAT ASSESSMENT CARICOM’ S MENU OF RESPONSES

MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK & GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS REGIONAL SECURITY MECHANISMS SUMMARY ACCOMPLISHMENTS CARICOM MARCHING FORWARD •CISNET • SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONS/RIBIN • CAWS/CARIBSECS • HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT • CARIPASS • CRIMINAL DEPORTATION STRATEGY • OUTREACH ACTIVITIES

RESTRICTED COMMON THREAT AREAS

1 • Drugs and Arms Trafficking 2 • Serious Organized Crime (murders, kidnapping, counterfeiting) 3 •Public Safety and Terrorism 4 • Human Trafficking 5 • Illegal and Irregul ar Migrati on 6 • Financial and Electronic Crime 7 • Corruption

RESTRICTEDRESTRICTED SUMMARY THREAT & RISK ASSESSMENT

REGIONAL ENVIRONMENT MAINLY CHARACTERISED BY: • Porous bbdorders • Inadequately patrolled coastlines • Unmanned airstrips • Under-resourced law enforcement and security agencies •Deffficiencies in forensic capacity THAT HAS SEEN AN INCREASE IN: • Domestic and violent crime fuelled by organized crime and the illicit trade in narcotics and firearms • Transference of crimes and criminal expertise due to globalisation and freedom of travel • Negative impact from the absorption of criminal deportees, other criminal individuals and the global skills they add to the criminal landscape • Illegal Migration and trafficking in Humans • Homicides influenced by gang activities and domestic situation • Sporadic evidence of cyber and electronic crime • Vulnerabilities to electronic attacks and failures • Witness tampering and elimination DEPORTEES From their shared prison spaces in the USA, Canada and the UK…….

…….. have they established formidable criminal alliances both within their respective countries and throughout the Region.

…….. what of those hardened criminals who are now indoctrinated extremists DEPORTEESCOUNTRIES 1990 - 2005 ADDITIONS 2007 33, 268* 59885,988 39, 256

TRINIDAD 2983* 272 3,255 AND TOBAGO 932* 523 1455

ANTIGUA 283* 54 337

TOTAL 37,466* 6,837 44,303 DEPORTEES INCREASED OVER LAST TWO YEARS AT 0 – 3% Per 100,000 50% OF PRISON POPULATION ‐ JAMAICA Threat Level MODERATE

*Beyond Boundaries – A Comparative Study on Criminal Deportee in the Region, Annmarie Barnes, Ph.D MURDER RATES PER 100, 000 (2007)

24

20 32 61

37 9 13 32 4 11

30

13 6 ELEMENTS OF THE RESPONSE TO DATE

A tried and tested Management Framework

A Strengthened Border Security System

A Mechanism for the Sharinggg of Intelligence

An Efficient Regional Operational Planning Capacity A robust Legislative Framework to support the Security Architecture Ongoing initiatives to build capacity and strengthen regional security institutions Engggagement of international partners CARICOM FRAMEWORK FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF CRIME AND SECURITY – JULY 2005

CONFERENCECONFERENCE OFOF HEADSHEADS OFOF GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

LEAD HEAD OF GOVERNMENT RESPONSIBLE LEADLEAD HEADHEAD OFOF GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT RESPONSIBLERESPONSIBLE FOR CRIME AND SECURITY FORFOR CRIMECRIME ANDAND SECURITYSECURITY

Council of Ministers Responsible for Ministerial Sub – Committee On Resource CouncilCouncil ofof MinistersMinisters ResponsibleResponsible forfor MinisterialMinisterial SubSub –– Committee Committee OnOn ResourceResource National Security and Law Enforcement Mobilisation and Implementation NationalNational SecuritySecurity andand LawLaw EnforcementEnforcement MobilisationMobilisation andand ImplementationImplementation

Security Policy Advisory Committee Implementation Agency for Crime (()SEPAC) CIMA And Securityy( (IMPACS)

Standing Standing Standing Standing Standing Committee Committee Committee Committee Committee Heads of Intel Commissioners Chiefs of Military Heads Chiefs of & Financial of Police Immigration Customs Investigations REGIONAL SSSSECURITY MECHANISMS

STRENGTHENED BORDER SECURITY SYSTEM Advance Passenger Information System (APIS)and the Joint Regional Communications Centre (JRCC) CARICOM Common Visa Issuance System ADVANCE CARGO INFORMATION SYSTEM (ACIS) CARICOM TRAVEL CARD

INTELLIGENCE SHARING SYSTEM Regional Intelligence Committee (RIC) CARICOM Intelligence Sharing Network (CISNET) Regional Intelligence Fusion Centre (RIFC) CARICOM Watchlist System (CAWS)

SECURITY ASSISTANCE SYSTEM Security Assistance Treaty CARICOM Operations Planning and Coordinating Staff (COPACS)

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ••RobustRobust framework enabled implementation of Regional Security Strategy

RESTRICTED ADMINISTRATIVE RELATIONSHIPS

• COORDINATION WITH OTHER CARICOM CARICOM ORGANS AND SECRETARIAT INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS • POLICY FORMULATION

• MECHANISMS TO SUPPORT ENHANCED BORDER SECURITY • ADVANCE PASSENGER INFORMATION SYSTEM (APIS) • VISA SCREENING JRCC • ADVANCE CARGO INFORMATION SYSTEM (ACIS) • REGIONAL WATCHLISTS

• INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT FOR REGIONAL BORDER SECURITY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT ENTITIES • CISNET • CAWS RIFC • REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL INTELLIGENCE SHARING • JOINT ANALYSIS AND THREAT ASSESSMENT

• INTER-SECTOR COOPERATION • ENHANCED COLLABORATION AND INTEGRATION STANDING • POOLING OF ASSETS AND RESOURCES COMMITTEES • HARMONIZATION OF OPERATIONS •IMPLEMENTATION AND TECHNICAL • INTEGRATED TRAINING AND COORDINATION RESOURCE MANAGEMENT •POLICY RESEARCH AND PROJECT • INTEGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT •MONITORING, REVIEW AND FEEDBACK •INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AND RESOURCE MOBILISATION Implementation Agency for Crime & Security (IMPACS)

Evolved from the Regional Task Force on Crime Security (RTFCS) established in 2001

Based on the recommendations of the Task Force, a decision taken of the Conference of HdHeads of Governmen t at its 26th Mee ting in St Luc ia (Ju ly 2005 ) “to approve the establishment of the Management Structure for the Crime and Security Agenda” Inter-Governmental Agreement establishing IMPACS signed by Heads of Government in July 2006

Headquartered in Port of Spain,

IMPACS in transition/d/startup mode in Septemb er 2006

IMPACS engaged in limited operations by January 2007

Currently fully operational CARICOM IMPACS …

Is an institution of CARICOM dedicated to enhancing the individual and collective law enforcement and security capacity of CARICOM Member Sta tes

Is the nerve centre for CARICOM’S Crime & Security Management Framework which is aimed at controlling crime and effectively participating in international counter crime and security initiatives

Is primarily responsible for the IMPLEMENTATION and EXECUTION of regional projects relating to crime and security

Working alongside its sub-agencies (the JRCC and the RIFC) IMPACS reports directly to the Council of Ministers

Focuses on security related project research, management and delivery of counter crime and security agenda items

Is the focal point for technical coordination of international and regional initiatives aimed at building law enforcement and security capacity and upgrading security strategies and mechanisms ABOUT THE JOINT REGIONAL COMMUNICATIONS CENTRE Central agency which receives, analyses and disseminates passenger information to support Border Security, Intelligence and Law Enforcement Agencies

Staffed permanently by contracted and seconded law enforcement and border security officers

Engaged in 24/7 operations

Acts as the main point of contact for API from all carriers (air and maritime))gg transiting the region

Assists in detecting and monitoring persons of concern/criminal elements attempting to transit the Region. KEY FUNCTIONS OF THE JRCC

Cross checks all API data and visa applications with Regional and international watch lists/databases.

Prescreens travelers to and from any territory within the participating Member States.

Provides reliable and timely information on security concerns to regional border security and law enftforcement agigencies

Liaises with Interpol, regional NCBs and other international agencies for SLTD and other info.

Prepares analytical reports on persons of interest

77th INTERPOL General Assembly - ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA – 7 – 10 OCTOBER, 2008 INTELLIGENCE SHARING

Initial Regional Threat Assessment

Design, development and installation of CISNET

Establishment of 24/7 Regional Intelligence Fusion Centre (RIFC) staffed primarily by seconded intelligence assets from Member States

Compilation of CARICOM Watchlist System (CAWS)

Development of CARICOM Intelligence Management System (CIMS)

Ongoing Joi nt Th reat Assessments, Intelli gence briefs, and quarterly virtual and physical meetings CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL RIFC’s KEY FUNCTIONS

To provide 24/7 support to the JRCC in Border protection

To collect information that reveals the plans, itintenti ons and capabilities of threa t entities and provides the basis for decision and action.

Toproducetimelyanalysesthatprovide insight, warning and opportunity to the decision makers charged with protecting and advancing the Region’s interests RECENT LEGISLATIVE INSTRUMENTS: Memorandum of Understanding for the Sharing of Intelligence Among Member States of the Community

Immigration (Amendment) Bill 2007

Customs (Advance Passenger and Cargo Information) Regulations 2007

Memoran dum of ItInten t (CARICOM-US) on APIS

Agreement Between [State] and [State] for the Pre-clearance of Passengers and Cargo

Treaty on Security Assistance Among CARICOM Member States

Protocol to the Treaty on Security Assistance among CARICOM Member States (COPACS)

Status of Forces Agreements CARICOM BORDER PROTECTION PROCESS 1 2 3 4

Visa Info and/or API collected Screening of API or Hit information Passenger Validation of Visas to Agencies Landed/ Not Landed/ or Other*

JRCC Access GdGranted or Denied Passenger checks in API collected

Watchlists (CAWS, InterPol, UN) & CARICOM Da ta bases

Border Security & Aircraft, Law Enforcement Ships, RIFC Trinidad agencies in YYhtachts Member States

Other* 1. Land individual and recommend detention for further action by Immigration and or Law Enforcement 2. Land individual and request Law Enforcement to monitor (surveillance) 3. Land individual and alert Law Enforcement 4. Arrest, detain and repatriate. TOTAL PASSENGERS PRE-PRE-SCREENEDSCREENED (FEB 2007 – AUG 2008)

APPROX 1.2 M PAX SCREENED MONTHLY

11,880,700 YEAR 2008

YEAR 2007 YEAR 2008

9,553,533 YEAR 2007

0 2,000,000 4,000,000 6,000,000 8,000,000 10,000,000 12,000,000 HIT ACTIVITY CARICOMCARICOM--INTERPOLINTERPOL (MARCH 2007 – PRESENT)

TOTAL NO OF CASES

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 Qtr 2 2007 Qtr 3 2007 Qtr 4 2007 Qtr 1 2008 Qtr 2 2008 Qtr 3 2008 TOTAL NO OF CASES 14 33 74 75 53 88 RESULTS OF COOPERATION WITH INTERPOL

6 countries in WANTED, 17 DRUG EUROPE and ASIA, TRAFFICKING, 30

FRAUD, 10 TRANSNATIONAL ORGANIZED CRIME, 17

SLTDs, 263

•336 CASES (including 71 CC/ 266 International) •263 SLTD HITS •7 ARRESTS NOTABLE JRCC/RIFC SUCCESSES

Identified 2 Middle Eastern citizens wanted for Fraud. Deported and handed over to country of departure.

Stopped 2 hired assassins travelling to Country A to murder a potential target. Arrested and charged.

Identified a ggproup of individuals who were usin g CARICOM S pecial Visa for human trafficking. Arrested by International partner.

Detected and deported Paedophile/ Rapist in the region during CWC 07.

Stopped a known terrorist (deported to the region) from travelling to propagate his form of Islam. Deported to country of origin (Dec 2007).

Identified and arrested a known drug trafficker who was travelling through the region conducting business (January 2008).

Identified a North American wanted by a European NCB on an international warrant for Rape of a Minor. Individual arrested on outbound journey in transit through US (March 2008)

Alerted authorities of Country A of inbound travel of individual wanted by Country A and on InterPol Warrant for Fraud. Individual was arrested by Country A upon arrival. (March 2008) CARICOM OPERATIONS PLANNING AND COORDINATING STAFF (COPACS)

To coordinate the assistance of the international community to fulfil the obligations under the concept of operations

To coordinate the development of national security plans and the regional security plan

To facilitate the amalgamation and deployment of regional maritime resources

To coordinate the mobilization and deployment of operational personnel and materiel, during the operations phase

To provide task force support to complement and/or supplement operatilional capacity wihiithin MbMember States SUMMARY ACCOMPLISHMENTS Comprehensive intelligence picture of regional security threats

Culturally relevant regional security strategy and plans which were planned, managed and mainly resourced by CARICOM

Innovative use of technology in the upgrade of the regional border security and intelligence infrastructure

ICT systems designed and implemented by CARICOM resources

Innovative use of technology in the introduction of virtual communications systems to interconnect political, operational and public service stakeholders

Important new cooperative relationships formed with non‐ traditional international partners CARICOM MARCHING FORWARD…..

REGIONAL CRIME & SECURITY STRATEGY ANTI CYBER CRIME STRATEGY COUNTER PROLIFERATION STRATEGY (SALW) DEPORTATION COORDINATION STRATEGY

ENHANCED BORDER SECURITY SYSTEMS ADVANCED PASSENGER INFO SYSTEM ADVANCED CARGO INFO SYSTEM

INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION INTELLIGENCE SHARING WITH THIRD COUNTRIES SECURITY COOPERATION WITH THIRD COUNTRIES REGIONAL AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS HEMISPHERIC ORGANIZATIONS INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATIONS

REGIONAL CRIME MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS CARICOM AIRSPACE & MARITIME COOPERATION AGREEMENT CARICOM ARREST WARRANT TREATY REGIONAL INVESTIGATIONS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INTEGRATED CRIMINAL RECORDS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM REGIONAL INTEGRATED BALLISTICS INFORMATION NETWORK RESTRICTED 27 CISNET CARICOM Intelligence Sharing Network (CISNET) [Secure Voice/ and Data Transmission Network]

A wholly CARICOM created, owned and operated system

Developed specifically to facilitate the secure exchange of Intelligence reports and the conduct of online meetings and conference calls

Enables real time sharing of information among intelligence and law enforcement agencies of MbMember States

Its efficiency is predicated on the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the CARICOM ACCREDITATION AND WATCHLIST SYSTEM (CAWS)

The establishment of the RIFC and CISNET enhanced secure communication and enabled joint assessment of national intelligence reports. Their fusion provided a regional perspective on security issues and the development of more informed and predictive assessments. RIBIN Regional Integrated Ballistics Information Network

Targeting ‘crime guns’ through ballistic identification and sharing this inf ormat ion among CARICOM Memb er States’ law en forcement agencies and ultimately with potential ‘source countries’

Allow link age of CARICOM Memb er States’ ABIS both regi onall y an d internationally

31 32

U.S NIBIN Bermuda EURO IBIS

NATIONAL IBIS Regional Server

CARICOM Member States Associate Members OTHER Off map NETWORKS Suriname CAWS/CARIBSEC System CARICOM ACCREDITATION WATCHLIST SYSTEM (CAWS) CARIBSEC System MODULES CARIBSEC System Criteria for Watchlist COMPARISON OF SYSTEMS

CAWS CARIBSECS

Independent non scalable system An integrated modular web-based system

Centralised third party data entry and Member States controlled data entry and third party update system update system One category of data Multiple categories of data

No differentiation in the category of hits Hits separated and identified by categories Limited capacity – single entry datasets Expanded capacity – multiple entry for identification of POI’s datasets for identification of POI’s Centralised query and retrieval system Decentralised query and retrieval system

High instances of duplicate records Decreased possibility of duplication of records HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES

• Advanced intelligence • Joint Operations

analysis • Homicide Investigations n n nn • Advanced intelligence • Counter and Anti tradecraft Kidnapping operations ent:ent: itsits

• Threat and Risk assessment ding iding i

ing foring for • Ballistics Identification l lll nnnn mmmm ddd d • Cy ber crime itinte lligence an d • Forensic Interviewing investigations and Polygraph • Scenario Planning Examinations ence uence u ty builty buil nforcenforce

• Predictive Analysis city buicity bui • Forensic Sciences ggg g iii i e eee aaa a • Bomb disposal • Underwater surveillance CapCap law law CapacCapac IntelliIntelli CARIPASS

About CARIPASS (CARICOM TRAVEL CARD)

The implementation of automated electronic immigration clearances at participating Member States’ designated airports through the use of a swipe card and based on a biometric match of finggperprint and facial recognition technology.

The travel card solution, comprising of a number of interdependent systems, will integgyrate seamlessly with related Border Management Systems, the Advanced Passenger Information System (APIS) and various watch lists systems currently used for passenger vetting at the JRCC. BENEFITS OF THE TRAVEL CARD SYSTEM

A highly SECURED & TRUSTED travel regime

Faster electronic processing of low risk travelers at immigration points of entry Redeployment of scarce immigration/law enforcement resources to concentrate on international and other high risk travelers Secure/Counterfeit-proof Travel Document which can be remotely revoked/cancelled/deactivated upon request STRATEGIC Member States can increase biometric verification needs dependent on national alert states

Biomet ri c Da ta Cap ture w ith re dun dancy bu ilt in to tech nol ogy

Failsafe of Passport MRZ on Travel Card (reverse side of the card) readable on passport readers BENEFITS OF THE TRAVEL CARD SYSTEM

Expedited processing through immigration checkpoints addaddging to ttehe coveececonvenience of tethe regoaegional taveetraveler

Fewer requirements for the use of passports for regional travel CARD HOLDER Extended availability of CARICOM passports for non-regional travel

Credit card sized for portability

Minimal Risk of Counterfeiting of cards and Fraudulent Use by impostors ELIGIBILITY

Minimum age requirement -16 years

CARICOM NATIONALS, who meet the enrollment requirements (valid passport, security clearances, authentic feeder documents, etc)

Nationals of third countries legally resident within participating Member States Surname English, French, DthDutch Given Names

Facial Image

Document Number Passport NbNPlaatsumbe rvan Afgifte

Verval Datum Datu m v an Afgifte

Signature 46 CARIPASS: THE CARICOM TRAVEL CARD SYSTEM

CRIMINAL DEPORTATION STRATEGY Mandate of the CARICOM Working Group on CiCrim ina lDl Depor ta tion

The Fourth Meetingg(y of the Council of Ministers (May 2007) mandated that a Working Group (WG) be established to: • review the recommendations of all the studies, (Jamaica, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Antigua) and arrive at consensus on those that should be recommended for adoption; • deve lop proposals for an AiAction Programme for CACOCARICOM MS, which identifies a strategy, work plan and next steps, and formulate a CARICOM policy position on criminal deportation; • give consideration to the World Bank/ United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) report; • review the assessment of the IOM programme to determine its usefulness/ adaptability for the region; (based on the recommenda tion of the Caucus of Am bassa dors ) Comppgposition of the Working Group

Fourth Council decided that WG be composed as follows:

• the principal consultant, Dr. Annmarie Barnes, • a representative of each of the countries in which studies were conduc te d (Guyana, Jama ica an d Tri nid a d an d To bago ), • a representative of Antigua, the OECS agreed by Council; • a representative from IMPACS and • a representative from the CARICOM Secretariat

2 Meetings held:

• Jamaica - November 2007 • Antigua & Barbuda – October 2008 STATUS REPORT:

Studies conducted in 4 CARICOM states: Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Antigua & Barbuda

Joint Report on studies, Beyond Boundaries in final stages of publication

Studies tabled at national level and made available in public domain;

Draft Declaration considered by CONSLE and recommended to Heads

Core Elements of MOU refined by CARICOM Consultant , appended to Declaration, now pending action at CCS

Draft model proposal for the establishment of transition centres to be considered at next meeting of WG SUMMARY IMPERATIVES:

• Reactivation of Resource Mobilization Committee •Resumption of CARICOM-UK SHORT Dialogue •Resumption of CARICOM-US Dialogue TERM • Finalization of CARICOM- Interpol Cooperation Agreement

• Initiation of CARICOM-SICA Security Dialogue • Finalization of Crime Prevention MEDIUM Strategy (CARICOM-UNODC) • Review of concept of Single Domestic Space and CARICOM TERM Common Visa SUMMARY IMPERATIVES:

• Implementation of CARICOM-Interpol SHORT Cooperation Agreement • Coordination of 4th Meeting of CARICOM-UK JMC TERM • Advancement of Deportation Coordination Strategy

• Signature of MOUs for Intelligence Sharing with Third States • Roll out of CARIPASS Project • Implementation of Counter Proliferation MEDIUM (of SALW) Strategy (RIBIN etc) • Implementation of Advance Cargo Information System (ACIS) TERM • Finalization of Regional Crime and Security Strategy • Finalization of Anti Cyber Crime Strategy www.caricom.org www.cariiicomimpacs.org

Contacts: LYNNE ANNE WILLIAMS, Executive Director TlTel: +1‐868‐628‐3311 Fax: +1‐868‐628‐6795 Mobile: +1‐868‐793‐5949/+1‐246‐826‐2352 Email: [email protected] RESTRICTED