DOCSLIB.ORG

Part of the Phonological

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

I DOCUMENT RESUME AL Cv:1 514 ED 022 189 48 By- Schachter, Paul; Fronikin, Victoria A PHONOLOGY OF AKAN:AKUAPEM, ASANTE, FANTE. California Univ., Los Angeles. Spons Agency-Office of Education(DHEW), Washington, DC. Bureauof Research. Report No- WPP -9 Bureau No-BR-5- 1094 Pub Date Sep 68 Contract - OEC -6-14 -028 Note- 272p. California, Los Angeles, California90024 Available from-Textbook Department,Student Store, University of WOO/ i EDRSPrice MF -$125 HC -S10.96 STRUCTURE. *DIALECT STUDIES.DISTINCTIVE FEATURES,MORPHOPHOWMICS, Descr" tors- *AKAN, DEEP GEWRATIVE GRAMMAR, VERBS OGY, SURFACE STRUCTURE,TOWLANGUAGES, sTRANSFORtIATION Halle Phonological System, Fante,Tshi,Twi Identifiers-Akuapem, Asante, *Chowtsky phonological In this _preliminary reportthe authors compare apart of the Asante, and Faniethe maiordialects of Akan. The comparition systems of Akuapem, which reveals the features common toall three dialects aswell as the features from one another. Thedescription of thephonological systems distinguish the dialects phonology as of these dialects ispresented within theframework of generative developed principally byChomsky. Hale, and Stanley.Although this study does not either a complete grammar or acomplete phonology of Akan, a attempt to present and "reasonably complete" treatmentof the finite verb is givenand deep structures relation to certainP-rules. Chapter 1 presents transformational rules are discussed in Segment 1 the inventory of systematicphonemes and Includes the setof Morpheme Structure Conditions which are tobe apphed to the dictionarymatrices ofmorphemes. of Morpheme SequenceStructure Cooditions whichapply ! Chapter 2 presents the set generally to all formatives.The first chapters thus presentall the general lexical redundancies in the language and cover a maiorpart of thephonological constraints surface Chapter 3 discusses all thegeneral Phonological Ruleswhich apply to the P-rules applying specifically tothe finite verb are discussed structures of sentences. surface structures in Chapter 4, whichalso discusses various otheraspects of Akan dominated by the Verb-Phrasenode. (JD) zii.- sr /0te 717-yr PHONOLOGY OF AKAN. KU E 3A E 11 FANTE"NI" 044- / y oar AUL H E & VI IA F KIN U.S. DEPARTMENT OFHEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLYAS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT.POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIALOFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY. A L 001 5 1 4 KING PAPERS IN E I O. 9/UNIVERSITY OF CALIF lAs OS ELES/ AUGUST 1986 A PHONOLOGY OFAKAN: AKUAPEM, ASANTE, FANTE PAUL SCHACHTER AND VICTORIA FROMKIN O.E. Contract 6-14-028 The research reported herein wasperformed pursuant to a contract withthe Office of Education, U.S. Department ofHealth, Education, and Welfare. Contractorsunder- taking such projects underGovernment sponsorship areencouraged to express freely their professional judgment inthe conduct of the project.Points of view or opinions stated do not, therefore,necessarily represent official Officeof Education position or policy. Working Papers in Phonetics 9 September 1968 University of California. Los Angeles Extra copies are available from:Textbook Department, Student Store, University of California, LosAngeles, California 90024 Price: $3.00 _ Preface This is a preliminaryreport on researchthat we have conducted ()Ter the pastfew years, under U.S.Office of Education Cvntract0E-6-14-028, into the phonologyof the major Akan dialects ofGhana: Akuapem, Asante, andPante. No one realizes betterthan we just how"preliminary" a re- port this is, but wehope that, by issuingit in its present form, we can elicitcomments from interestedscholars that will assist us in preparing acontemplated revision of the report. We recognize, inparticular, that ourfirst-hand investigation of the Pantedialect has been farfrom thorough, and expect that moreerrors willbe found in our analysis of this dialect thanin our analyaes of theother dialects with wILLch we havebeen concerned. It is a pleasure toacknowledge the assistancethat we have hadfrom native speakersof Akan, For Akuapem, our principal informants havebeen: Miss Doris Anakwa andMiss Mercy Martinson; for Asante,they have been: Miss Agnes Aidoo, Miss GraceAsafogyei, and Miss GraceMeenu, Mensah; Mr. and for Pantethey have been: Miss Christine Aidoo, and Mr, AlbertKodwo- 0, K. Brew, Miss JaneGarbrah-Aidoo, Mensah, We wish to offerMiss Agnes Aidoo ourparticular thanks for the manycontributions her intelligenceand in- sight into the workingsof her native languagehave made to our work. We have had the goodfortune to have theservices of Dr, John M. Stewartof the Institute ofAfrican Studies, University of Ghana, Legon as aconsultant throughoutthe course of ourresearch. The influence of Dr.Stewart's investigations of Akan isapparent throughout thisreport, although be is, of course,in no way responsiblefor our errors ofcommission or omission. Finally, we should liketo thank Mrs, ReneeWillen and Mrs. TheodoraGraham for theirassistance in typing, respectively, the preliminarymanuscript of the reportand the finished version. P.S. V.F. Table of Contents Introduction 0.10The Akan Language 0.20The Model 0.30The PhonologicalFeatures 0.31Segmental Features 0.32 Non-SegmentalFeatures 0.40The MorphemeStructure Conditions. 0.41If-Then Conditions 0.42 PositiveConditions 0.43 FurtherRemarks on Redundancy. The PhonologicalRules of MS Conditionsto P-Rule 0.51 &tension 18 Output 19 Syntactic and DiacriticFeatures 0.60 19 0.70The Treatment ofDialect Differences of the Text 20 0.80The Organization 21 0.90Symbols Defined. Chapter1 Segment Structure 25 1.10Contrasting Segments 28 1.20Segment StructureConditions Segment StructureConditions for 1.21 29 Vowels . 1.22Segment StructureConditions for . 33 Glides . 1.23Segment StructureConditions for Consonants 35 1.24Segment StructureConditions for Non-Distinctive Features 38 Contrasting Segments . 40 1.30Minimally Specified 40 1.40Boundary Units 1.50The Exclusion ofTraditional Phonemic Features 114 Chapter 2 Sequence Structure Segments 4 5 2.10Sequential Constraints on 46 2.20 The Structure ofthe Syllable. the Principal 2.21The Structure of 49 Syllable . 2.30The Structure of Root Morphemes 53 2.31Vowel Tenseness Harmony 55 2.32 Other Restrictions onVowels 58 2.33 Dialectal Restrictions 60 2.34Restrictions on Particular Lexical Categories 61 2.40The Structure of Derivational Morphemes. 61 2.50The Structure of Grammatical Morphemes 62 2.51 Verbal Grammatical bpiphenes 65 2,52 Nominal Grammatical Morphemes. 0 65 Chapter 3 General Phonological Rules 3.10Introduction . 69 3.20 Nasalization 71 3.21Regressive Non-Vowel Nasalization. 72 3.22Syllable-Final Nasal Consonants. 73 3.23Nasal Prefixes . 75 3.24Homorganic Nasals. 76 3.25Progressive Non-Vowel Nasalization 77 3.26Vowel Nasalization . 78 3.30 Final Consongints . 81 3.31 Final Lwi - 83 332 Glottal-Stop Deletion. 83 3.40 Medial Intervocalic Consonants . 84 350 Labialization. 87 3.60Palatalization 89 3.61Palato-Labialized. Non-Vowels and Fronted Round. Vowels . 91 3.70Vowel Rules . 96 3.71Vowel Tensing * . 96 3.72 Vowel Backing. 101 3.73 Pante Backness Harmony 102 3.74 Vowel Deletion and Addition. 104 3.80 Systematic-Phonetic Segments 3.90 Tone Rules lgt 3.91 Downdrift . 106 3.92 The "Drop" or "Mid" Tone . 109 3.95 Tone Incorporation and Tone Simplification 394 Other Tone Rules 11; Chapter4 The Finite Verb 4.10Surface Structure of the Finite Verb 117 4.20The Subject-Concord Prefix 118 . 122 4.30ASPect . 4.31STAtive and HABitual . 123 . 124 4.32 PROgressive. 4.33 PASt and PERfect . 126 4.34 FUTure . 132 4.35 OPTative and ltiPerative. 134 137 4.36 CONsecutive. 4.40 NEGative , . 141 4.41Aspectual Changes in NegativeVerbs. 146 4.50INGressive . 150 4.60REDuplication. 155 4.61General Rule of Monosyllabic RED 156 4.62 Subsidiary Rules AffectingMonosyllabic 0 0 162 RED. 4.63 General Rule of DisyllabicRED . 169 4.64Subsidiary Rules Affecting Disyllabic . 171 RED. 177 4.70Verb Roots . 4.71 Tone Raising in MonosyllabicVRs . 178 4.72 Replacement of Final NonArowelin Monosyllabic VRs by Glottal Stop . 181 4.73 Vowel Addition in Monosyllabic VRs . 184 4.74 Other Rules Affecting MonosyllabicVRs185 475 Structure of DisyllabicVRs. 189 4.76 Tone Reversal in Disyllabic VRs. 195 4.77 Other Rules Affecting DisyllabicVRs 197 4.78 Trisyllabic VRs. 203 4.79 Final Glottal Stop in VRs. 203 4.80SUBordinative. 207 4.81 Rules Affecting VP-FinalSUB . 209 4.90Tone-Changing P-Rules. 215 4.91 Tone Changes in AffirmativeSimple Vs. 216 4.92 Tone Changes in NegativeSimple Vs . 225 4.93 Tone Changes in IngressiveVs. 231 4.94 Tone Changes in ReduplicatedVs. 233 4.95Tone Changes in Verb-Plus-Pronoun Constructions. 236 4.96 Tone Changes in SubordinativeVs . 239 Appendix Phonological Rules . 245 . 267 Bibliography . 3 Introduction 0,10 The Akan Langumg* The most widely spoken languageof Ghana consists of a number of more orless mutually intelligibledialects* Until very recently, when Akan becamethe official name for the dialects spoken by allthe Akan peoples, there was no generallyaccepted name for the language as awhole. Ohristaller in 1875 used the nameTshi (Twi), a name whidh has been widely used for two ofthe dialects dealt with in this study, Akuapem Twi(hereafter, Akuapem) and Asante Twi (hereafter, Asante),The third dialect dealt with is Pante*Asante and Pante are the mostwidely spoken Akan dialecta* Akuapem is included in this studybecause of its historical role as thedialect originally selected i4 1838 as the written literary
Recommended publications
  • Prosody and Intonation in Non-Bantu Niger-Congo Languages: an Annotated Bibliography

    Prosody and Intonation in Non-Bantu Niger-Congo Languages: an Annotated Bibliography

    Electronic Journal of Africana Bibliography Volume 11 Prosody and Intonation in Non- Bantu Niger-Congo Languages: An Annotated Article 1 Bibliography 2009 Prosody and Intonation in Non-Bantu Niger-Congo Languages: An Annotated Bibliography Christopher R. Green Indiana University Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.uiowa.edu/ejab Part of the African History Commons, and the African Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Green, Christopher R. (2009) "Prosody and Intonation in Non-Bantu Niger-Congo Languages: An Annotated Bibliography," Electronic Journal of Africana Bibliography: Vol. 11 , Article 1. https://doi.org/10.17077/1092-9576.1010 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Iowa Research Online. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Journal of Africana Bibliography by an authorized administrator of Iowa Research Online. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Volume 11 (2009) Prosody and Intonation in Non-Bantu Niger-Congo Languages: An Annotated Bibliography Christopher R. Green, Indiana University Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Atlantic – Ijoid 4 Volta – Congo North 6 Kwa 15 Kru 19 Dogon 20 Benue – Congo Cross River 21 Defoid 23 Edoid 25 Igboid 27 Jukunoid 28 Mande 28 Reference Materials 33 Author Index 40 Prosody and Intonation in Non-Bantu Niger-Congo Languages Introduction Most linguists are well aware of the fact that data pertaining to languages spoken in Africa are often less readily available than information on languages spoken in Europe and some parts of Asia. This simple fact is one of the first and largest challenges facing Africanist linguists in their pursuit of preliminary data and references on which to base their research.
  • Some Endangered Languages of Ghana

    Some Endangered Languages of Ghana

    American Journal of Linguistics 2012, 1(2): 10-18 DOI: 10.5923/j.linguistics.20120102.01 Some Endangered Languages of Ghana Jonas N. Akpanglo-Narte y1,*, Rebecca A. Akpanglo-Narte y2 1Office of the Vice-President (Academic), Regent University College of Science & Technology, Accra, Ghana 2Department of Applied Linguistics, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana Abstract The phenomenon of language endangerment and, ultimately, language loss is considered in regard to indigenous Ghanaian languages. It is established that two languages, namely, Ghanaian English (GhE) and Akan, especially the Twi dialect, and to a small degree, Ewe, are slowly killing off the smaller Ghanaian languages. For instance, in 1970 almost all Winneba natives spoke Efutu (Ewutu) as their first language. By 2010, 40 years later, only approximately 50% of children born to the Winneba natives speak Efutu as a first language. About 30% of these children speak no Efutu at all. Interestingly, medium-sized languages such as Ga, Dangme and Nzema are also slowly losing grounds to the three languages cited. Meanwhile there are some dozen Ghanaian languages that have less than 1000 estimated speakers each but which have held their own for a century. It is concluded that the closer a language community is to the major urban centers, the more likely it is to be endangered. It is further concluded that the language policy of the Ghana Government is contributing to the loss of Ghanaian languages. Ke ywo rds Endangered, Languages, Language Loss, Ghana, Ghanaian, Ga, Dangme, GaDangme the world’s top 10, namely, Standard Chinese, English, 1. Introduction Spanish, Bengali, Hindi, Portuguese, Russian, Arabic, Japanese, and German.
  • THE LINGUISTIC SITUATION in GHANA Yvonne Agbetsoamedo University of Ghana, Legon Ladyfabu21@Gmail.Com\Yadagbetsoamedo@Ug.Edu.Gh

    THE LINGUISTIC SITUATION in GHANA Yvonne Agbetsoamedo University of Ghana, Legon [email protected]\[email protected]

    THE LINGUISTIC SITUATION IN GHANA Yvonne Agbetsoamedo University of Ghana, Legon [email protected]\[email protected] Language distribution Groups Region(s) Language(s) Akan Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Agona, Akuapem Twi, Akyem, Eastern and Central Asante Twi, Brong, Fante, Kwahu and Wasa regions Mabia Northern Region, Upper Dagbane, Dagaare , Gurenne , Kusaal, East, Upper West Region Mampruli, Buli , Waale, Talni , Birifor), Nanuni, Nabit , Konni, and Hanga-Kamara Gbe Volta region Ewe (dominant), Fon, Aja and Mina Ga- Adangme Greater Accra and Eastern Ga and Dangbe (Ada, Shai and Krobo) regions Language distribution Groups Region(s) Language(s) Gurma North-eastern border with Konkomba, Moba and Bassari Togo Guang Distributed around areas in the Gonja, Gichode, Nchumburu, Krachi, Northern, Brong-Ahafo, Volta, Nawuri, Central and Eastern regions Nkonya, Cherepong, Awutu and Effutu Nzema Northern Region bordering Nzema, Sehwi, Anyi (Aowin), Ahanta and Togo while the rest are in the Anufo (Chakosi) Western region Grusi Upper-East, Upper-West and Kasem, Isaaleng, Chakali, Tampulma, Northern Vagla and Mo Language distribution Groups Region(s) Language(s) Buem northern part of the Volta Adele, Lelemi, Bowiri, Sekpele, Siwu, region, concentrating around Selee, Logba and Avatime the town of Jasikan Nafaanra the western end of the Brong- Nkuraeng, Nafaanra and Ntrubo-Chala Ahafo region, bordering Cote d'Ivoire. Other African Northern Nigeria and Niger other West African languages spoken Languages and Zongo areas in Ghana in Ghana such as the Chadic language, Hausa, and some Mande languages (Ligbi and Bisa) The Ghanaian Educational System Kindergarten Primary school Junior High School Senior High School University (Undergraduate) Language policy in education Bilingual education in Ghana commenced with the inception of formal education in Ghana which began with the castle schools and was later continued by the Christian missionaries.
  • Emmanuel Nicholas Abakah. Hypotheses on the Diachronic

    Emmanuel Nicholas Abakah. Hypotheses on the Diachronic

    1 Hypotheses on the Diachronic Development of the Akan Language Group Emmanuel Nicholas Abakah, Department of Akan-Nzema, University of Education, Winneba [email protected] Cell: +233 244 732 172 Abstract Historical linguists have already established the constituent varieties of the Akan language group as well as their relationships with other languages. What remains to be done is to reconstruct the Proto- Akan forms and this is what this paper sets out to accomplish. One remarkable observation about language is that languages change through time. This is not to obscure the fact that it is at least conceivable that language could remain unchanged over time, as is the case with some other human institutions e.g. various taboos in some cultures or the value of smile as a nonverbal signal. Be that as it may, the mutually comprehensible varieties of the codes that constitute the Akan language group have evidently undergone some changes over the course of time. However, they lack adequate written material that can take us far back into the history of the Akan language to enable any diachronic or historical linguist to determine hypotheses on their development. Besides, if empirical data from the sister Kwa languages or from the other daughters of the Niger-Congo parent language were readily available, then the reconstruction of the Proto-Akan forms would be quite straightforward. But, unfortunately, these are also hard to come by, at least, for the moment. Nevertheless, to reconstruct a *proto-language, historical linguists have set up a number of methods, which include the comparative method, internal reconstruction, language universals and linguistic typology among others.
  • Some Aspects of Morphological and Phonological Differences Between Gomoa and Iguae Subdialects of the Fante Dialect of the Akan Language

    Some Aspects of Morphological and Phonological Differences Between Gomoa and Iguae Subdialects of the Fante Dialect of the Akan Language

    University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION, WINNEBA SOME ASPECTS OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHONOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GOMOA AND IGUAE SUBDIALECTS OF FANTE A Thesis in the Department of APPLIED LINGUISTICS Faculty of LANGUAGES EDUCATION submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, University of Education, Winneba in partial fulfillment of the requirements for award of the Master of Philosophy (Applied Linguistics) Degree OWUSU-BAAH, KATE A. (406008023) 2013 1 University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh DECLARATION I, OWUSU-BAAH KATE AKOSUA declare that except for references quotations to works which have been cited and acknowledged, this thesis is the result of my original research, and that it has neither in whole or in part been presented for another degree elsewhere. ………………………..….... …………………………… OWUSU-BAAH KATE AKOSUA DATE (CANDIDATE) SUPERVISOR’S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the preparation and presentation of this work was supervised in accordance with the guidelines for supervision of Thesis as laid down by the University of Education, Winneba. ……………………………… …………………………… DR. CHARLES OWU-EWIE DATE (SUPERVISOR) 2 University of Education, Winneba http://ir.uew.edu.gh ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the people who have been helpful in diverse ways to the success of this work. My sincerest gratitude goes to my supervisor, Dr. Charles Owu-Ewie of Akan-Nzema Department of the University of Education, Winneba – Ajumako Campus. He read through every page of this work, offered pieces of advice, suggestions, words of encouragement and books. His immense assistance is very well appreciated. I thank Mr. Kwasi Adomako of the same Department for his help in many ways.
  • Asante Twi) Reduplication

    Asante Twi) Reduplication

    The Buckingham Journal of Language and Linguistics 2015 Volume 8 pp 1-20 FINAL-NASAL DELETION IN AKAN (ASANTE TWI) REDUPLICATION Kwasi Adomako University of Education, Winneba Ghana [email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper, I examine the phenomenon of reduplicant-nasal deletion observed in some reduplicative prefixes of Akan (a Niger-Congo, Kwa language). In the Akan phonology, nasals are among non-vowel sonorants that are permitted syllable or word-finally (Dolphyne 1988, Abakah 2005). However, it is observed that these nasals, particularly [m], are sometimes deleted in some reduplicants final position. In this paper, I show that verb bases of CVN or CVVN structures are of two different morphemic structures in the underlying representation; monomorphemic verb base and bimorphemic verb base. The latter structure, on which this paper focuses, has the composition: morpheme1 + morpheme2. It is observed that while the former preserve their ‘final’ nasals in the reduplicants, the latter, on the other hand, lose them in their reduplicants. We analyse this phonological phenomenon as resulting from the language’s bid towards satisfying a high-ranking template satisfaction constraint (after McCarthy and Prince 1994) within the Optimality Theory framework. Keywords: Nasal deletion, Akan, reduplication, Optimality Theory, phonology. 1. INTRODUCTION This paper examines the process of reduplicant-final bilabial nasal deletion in reduplication of some verb bases of Asante Twi (henceforth, Asante), a dialect of Akan, a member of Kwa, Niger Congo language. Reduplication as a phenomenon has received some appreciable body of research in the fields of both phonology and morphology in particular. Reduplication, in general, has been an area of research interest over the past centuries cross-linguistically, and its study in the Akan language could be traced back to the 19th century with the pioneering work by Christaller in 1875.
  • Some Translation and Exegetical Problems in the Pastoral Epistles of the Kronkron (Akuapem-Twi Bible) By

    Some Translation and Exegetical Problems in the Pastoral Epistles of the Kronkron (Akuapem-Twi Bible) By

    Some Translation and Exegetical Problems in the Pastoral Epistles of the kronkron (Akuapem-Twi Bible) By Emmanuel Augustus Twum-Baah July 2014 Some Translation and Exegetical Problems in the Pastoral Epistles of the kronkron (Akuapem-Twi Bible) A Thesis Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Award of Master of Philosophy Degree in Religious Studies By Emmanuel Augustus Twum-Baah July 2014 i Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis of which is a record is the result of my own work and that no part of it has been presented for another degree in this university or elsewhere, and that all sources of information used have been duly referenced by way of footnotes. Emmanuel Augustus Twum-Baah …………………… ...………………………. (Student) Signature Date Certified by: Rev. Jonathan E. T. Kuwornu-Adjaottor …………………… ......………………………. (Supervisor) Signature Date Certified by: Rev. Dr. Nathan Iddrisu Samwini …………………… ........….……………………. (Head of Department) Signature Date ii Abstract The present 2012 Akuapem-Twi Bible had been the labour of several revision exercises from its existence as fragments of Bible books till the New Testament was completed and later the first full version published in 1871. Over the years the task of revision work had aimed at eliminating ambiguous phrases and words in the Akuapem-Twi Bible that are not translated in accordance with the thought pattern and worldview of the Akuapem people. However after the 2012 publication of the Akuapem-Twi Bible, there still exist a number of translation and exegetical problems in the translated text; clear examples are 1 Timothy 6:10a, 2 Timothy 1: 10b, 2:20b, Titus 1: 7, 11b which are in focus for this study.
  • VOWEL RAISING in AKAN REDUPLICATION Kwesi Adomako1

    VOWEL RAISING in AKAN REDUPLICATION Kwesi Adomako1

    VOWEL RAISING IN AKAN REDUPLICATION Kwesi Adomako1 Abstract This paper examines vowel raising in reduplication in Akan, a Niger- Congo (Kwa) language, focusing on the Asante-Twi dialect. It has been generally observed in Akan that in reduplicating CV stems, the stem [+low] vowels are pre-specified with [+high] the reduplicant (RED). However, it has been claimed that raising to the mid vowel in disyllabic REDs is idiosyncratic to the Fante dialect. I show that the phenomenon is attested in Asante and that stem CV1V2, where V2 is [+low], raises to a corresponding [-high, -low] vowel in the RED, and not [+high]. I account for this within the Optimality Theory framework. 1. Introduction Vowel raising has been a phenomenon that has received some scholarship in Akan phonology in general over the years and particularly in the domain of reduplication. Reduplication, in turn, has been one of the areas of research which have contributed immensely to our understanding of phonology and its theorization. Akan has been one of the languages that have contributed substantially over the past years in this regard. Among the notable authors who have made such contributions are Christaller (1875), Welmers (1946), Schachter & Fromkin (1968), Wilbur (1973), Marantz (1982), Lieber (1987), Dolphyne (1988), McCarthy & Prince (1993b, 1995), Raimy (2000, 2000b) and Abakah (2004, ms). However, these scholars seem to disagree on the height to which the stem low vowels raise in the reduplicant. Two major schools of thought have emerged as a result of this, the first one being spearheaded by Schachter and Fromkin’s (1968) funded project on the study of Akan phonology.
  • Possessive Constructions in Tongugbe, an Ewe Dialect Promise Dodzi Kpoglu

    Possessive Constructions in Tongugbe, an Ewe Dialect Promise Dodzi Kpoglu

    Possessive constructions in Tongugbe, an Ewe dialect Promise Dodzi Kpoglu To cite this version: Promise Dodzi Kpoglu. Possessive constructions in Tongugbe, an Ewe dialect. Linguistics. Université de Lille; Universiteit Leiden (Leyde, Pays-Bas), 2019. English. NNT : 2019LILUH003. tel-02453932 HAL Id: tel-02453932 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02453932 Submitted on 24 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DE LILLE CONSTRUCTIONS POSSESSIVES EN TONGUGBE, UN DIALECTE DE L'ÉWÉ POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN TONGUGBE, AN EWE DIALECT Promise DODZI KPOGLU Soutenue le 28 Février 2019 Directeurs de thèse: Prof.dr. A. Carlier (Université de Lille, Lille) Prof.dr. M.P.G.M. Mous (Université de Leyde, Leyde) Co-encadrant: Dr. F.K. Ameka (Université de Leyde, Leyde) Membres du jury: Prof.emer. D. Creissels (Université Lumière, Lyon) Prof.dr. M. Vanhove (Inalco & LLACAN CNRS, Paris) Prof.dr. J.E.C.V. Rooryck (Université de Leyde, Leyde), Président Dr. P.K. Agbedor (Central University, Accra) Dr. C. Patin (Université de Lille, Lille) POSSESSIVE CONSTRUCTIONS IN TONGUGBE, AN EWE DIALECT Possessive constructions in Tongugbe, an Ewe dialect Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van Rector Magnificus prof.mr.
  • Jet the Translation of Kristos As Kristo in the Dangme Mother Tongue

    Jet the Translation of Kristos As Kristo in the Dangme Mother Tongue

    THE TRANSLATION OF KRISTOS AS KRISTO IN THE DANGME MOTHER TONGUE TRANSLATION OF THE NEW TESTAMENT VISITED Kuwornu-Adjaottor Jonathan E. T Abstract The writer contends that Greek word Kristos should be translated and spelt Klisto in the Dangme New Testament because the Dangme orthography has no “r;” the nearest in sound is “l.” Comparing the way New Testament is generally taught with the methodology used at three institutions in Ghana, and the results the usage of such a methodology, it is being recommended that New Testament Greek in Ghana/Africa should be taught with the Greek New Testament and the mother-tongue translations of the New Testament. This will allay the fears of students who get scared at the start of the study of New Testament Greek, and motivate them to get interest in the discipline from the unset. Further, it will help students to apply what they learn to their study of the New Testament as a whole. Key words: Kristos, Klristo, Klisto, Dangme orthography, Dangme mother-tongue translation of the New Testament. Introduction The word Christ appears in English and most European languages. It is derived from the Greek Kristos, transcribed in Latin as Christus in the New Testament to describe Jesus. Christ is now often used as a name, one part of the name “Jesus,” but is actually a title, the Messiah. Its usage “Christ Jesus” emphasises its nature as a title (Doniger, 1999: 212; Pannenberg, 1977: 30-31). In the Septuagint (LXX) version of the Hebrew Bible, the word Kristos is used to translate the Hebrew mashiach, Messiah, meaning “anointed” (Zanzig, 1999: 314; Etynonline, 2013).
  • Obiaa Pɛ Sɛ Ɔkɔ International.« Negotiating the Local and the Global in Ghanaian Hiplife Music

    Obiaa Pɛ Sɛ Ɔkɔ International.« Negotiating the Local and the Global in Ghanaian Hiplife Music

    »OBIAA PƐ SƐ ƆKƆ INTERNATIONAL.« NEGOTIATING THE LOCAL AND THE GLOBAL IN GHANAIAN HIPLIFE MUSIC Florian Carl Obiaa pɛ sɛ ɔkɔ international Ɛno ne answer? Kwame, yɛfiri one ansa na yɛkɔ two Wo nni ntaban, ɛnso wo pɛ sɛ wotu. Everybody wants to become ›international‹ Is that the answer? Kwame, we start from ›one‹ before we go to ›two‹ You don't have wings, yet you want to fly. (Obour feat. Okyeame Kwame & Richie: »The Game«, Crentsil/Obour 2006) Introduction Ghana's soundscape is currently dominated by three major trends. The per- haps most pervasive of these, permeating public and private spaces, is gos- pel music. The gospel music industry has been fueled by the ever-growing number of charismatic churches that, in the words of one author, have »quite successfully colonized public space« (Meyer 2008: 84) over the past few decades. The rise of neo-Pentecostal Christianity in Ghana has fostered a distinctive Christian popular culture and aesthetics that incorporates both local and international styles (Carl 2012 and 2014b; Meyer 2008). The second major trend is highlife, Ghana's classical form of popular dance band music, which prevailed throughout much of the twentieth century (Collins 1996). In contrast to dance band music up until the 1980s, highlife is nowadays often based on synthesized and computer-programmed sounds (Collins 2012). Since the late 1970s, highlife in its live-performed form has also entered Christian churches, so that in terms of musical style there are 33 FLORIAN CARL strong overlaps between gospel music and highlife (Carl 2014a; Collins 2004). Finally, the third trend in Ghanaian popular music, which is the focus of this article, is hiplife.
  • Articulating an African Feminism Through the Nana Esi Archetype

    Articulating an African Feminism Through the Nana Esi Archetype

    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by ASU Digital Repository Malezile Defy Master Narratives: Articulating an African Feminism through the Nana Esi Archetype by Portia Nana Essuman A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Approved November 2012 by the Graduate Supervisory Committee: Akua Duku Anokye, Chair C. Alejandra Elenes Gloria Cuàdraz ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY December 2012 ABSTRACT Oral history methodologies are used to conduct fifteen interviews with Martha Akesi Ndaarko Sennie-Tumi over the course of three months. Research responded to the following questions: How do African women defy master narratives? When do African women defy master narratives and move from the margins to the center? What roles do African women take on to defy master narratives and why? To what extent does the concept of malezile (women who stand firm) address human rights? Twelve stories of defiance (three of which are folktales) are analyzed for recurring themes, concepts and motifs. Research showed that African women defy master narratives when the system worked to their detriment through the Nana Esi archetype. The stories also showed that women adopt nontraditional roles during defiance by using whatever means available to them at the time of defiance. i DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my beloved grandmother, Martha Akesi Ndaarko Sennie- Tumi. ii ACKNOWLEDMENTS This work is a communal women’s effort and must be viewed as such. This thesis is dedicated to my beloved grandmother, Martha Akesi Ndaarko Sennie-Tumi, who raised me and taught me my first feminist lessons.