Osoby S Postižením Na Hudebních Festivalech

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Osoby S Postižením Na Hudebních Festivalech Univerzita Hradec Králové Pedagogická fakulta Katedra speciální pedagogiky a logopedie Osoby s postižením na hudebních festivalech Bakalářská práce Autor: Tereza Kneřová Studijní program: B7506 Speciální pedagogika Studijní obor: Sociálně výchovná péče o smyslově postiţené Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Martin Kaliba Hradec Králové 2015 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, ţe jsem tuto bakalářskou práci vypracovala pod vedením vedoucího bakalářské práce samostatně a uvedla jsem všechny pouţité prameny a literaturu. V Hradci Králové dne 26. března 2015 ………………………………… Poděkování Ráda bych touto cestou poděkovala Mgr. Martinu Kalibovi za věcné rady, připomínky a celkově vstřícné vedení, kterým pomohl s realizací této bakalářské práce. Můj dík patří ale také osloveným respondentům, kteří ochotně odpovídali na mé zvídané otázky a věnovali mi svůj čas. Anotace KNEŘOVÁ, Tereza. Osoby s postiţením na hudebních festivalech. Hradec Králové: Pedagogická fakulta Univerzity Hradec Králové, 2015. 122 s. Bakalářská práce. Bakalářská práce se zaměřuje na přístupnost hudebních festivalů pro osoby s tělesným, zrakovým, sluchovým a kombinovaným postiţením. Pro uvedení do problematiky se teoretická část zabývá člověkem a jeho vztahem ke kultuře, vlivem hudby na člověka, reakcemi emocionálními i fyziologickými. Vymezuje typy hudebních posluchačů a samozřejmě charakterizuje i neformální prostředí hudebních festivalů, na které navazuje vysvětlením pojmu socializace a sociální integrace. Velkou kapitolou je vymezení speci- fických potřeb cílových skupin s ohledem na jednotlivé stupně postiţení. Praktická část je případovou studií festivalu Rock for People. Kvalitativní výzkum mapuje přístupnost tohoto festivalu pro návštěvníky s různým typem postiţení na základě odpovědí oslove- ných respondentů, zúčastněného pozorování a rozboru volně přístupných materiálů. Klíčová slova: člověk s postiţením, hudba, festival, bariéry, bezbariérovost. Annotation KNEŘOVÁ, Tereza. Handicapped People at Music Festivals. Hradec Králové: Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Králové, 2015. 122 pp. Bachelor Degree Thesis. This bachelor thesis focuses on the accessibility of music festival for people with physical, visual, hearing and multiple disabilities. The theoretical part deals with people and their relationship to culture the influence of music on the people and their emotional and physiological reactions. This bachelor thesis defines the types of music listeners and cha- racterizes a casual environment of music festivals with explanation of the concept of socialization and social integration. The big chapter defines the specific needs of target groups with regard to individual degrees of disability. The practical part is a case study about festival Rock for People. Qualitative research is about the accessibility of the festival for visitors with different disabilities based on the answer of respondents participant ob- servation and materials which is freely accessible. Keywords: people with disabilities, music, festival, barriers, barrier-free. OBSAH ÚVOD ................................................................................................................................. 10 TEORETICKÁ ČÁST 1 Člověk a kultura ...................................................................................................... 12 1.1 K pojmu kultura ............................................................................................... 12 1.2 Masa a masová kultura .................................................................................... 13 1.3 Kultura a hudba ............................................................................................... 14 2 Člověk a hudba ........................................................................................................ 15 2.1 Emoce v hudbě ................................................................................................ 15 2.2 Fyziologické reakce na hudbu ......................................................................... 17 2.3 Vrcholný hudební záţitek ................................................................................ 18 2.4 Kultivace a ovlivnění chování hudbou ............................................................ 19 2.5 Sluchové vnímání ............................................................................................ 20 2.6 Příjemce hudby ................................................................................................ 21 2.7 Hudba jako ţivotní styl .................................................................................... 23 2.8 Fenomén hudebních festivalů a neformálnost jejich prostředí ........................ 24 3 Člověk s postiţením ve společnosti .......................................................................... 25 3.1 Socializace ....................................................................................................... 26 3.2 Sociální integrace ............................................................................................ 27 3.3 Postoj společnosti k osobám s postiţením ....................................................... 28 3.4 Vztah hudby a specifických potřeb ................................................................. 29 4 Osoby se specifickými potřebami ............................................................................ 30 4.1 Normalita versus zdravotní postiţení .............................................................. 30 4.2 Osoby s tělesným postiţením .......................................................................... 32 4.3 Osoby se zrakovým postiţením ....................................................................... 41 4.4 Osoby se sluchovým postiţením ..................................................................... 53 4.5 Osoby s kombinovaným postiţením ............................................................... 60 4.6 Průkazy osob se zdravotním postiţením ......................................................... 60 4.7 Bariéry a jejich řešení ...................................................................................... 62 PRAKTICKÁ ČÁST 5 Kvalitativní výzkum ................................................................................................. 67 5.1 Případová studie .............................................................................................. 68 5.2 Výzkumný cíl a otázky .................................................................................... 69 5.3 Vyuţité metody sběru dat ................................................................................ 69 6 Festivalové projekty zaměřené na osoby s postiţením ............................................ 72 6.1 Neslýchané festivaly (Kofola, a. s.) ................................................................. 72 6.2 Festivaly bez zábran (Pivovary Staropramen, s. r. o.) ..................................... 74 7 Případová studie festivalu Rock for People ............................................................ 78 7.1 Konkretizace jednotlivých respondentů .......................................................... 78 7.2 Oblasti týkající se pobytu na hudebním festivalu ............................................ 84 7.3 Další specifické potřeby návštěvníků s postiţením ....................................... 100 7.4 Vyzdviţení kvalit a výčet negativ a špatných zkušeností z festivalu ............ 104 7.5 Hodnocení bezbariérovosti festivalu ............................................................. 106 7.6 Nápady a podněty ke zvýšení bezbariérovosti .............................................. 107 7.7 Srovnání s jinými hudebními festivaly .......................................................... 109 8 Shrnutí výzkumného šetření ................................................................................... 111 ZÁVĚR ............................................................................................................................. 113 SEZNAM LITERATURY A DALŠÍCH PRAMENŮ .................................................. 115 PŘÍLOHY ........................................................................................................................ 123 ÚVOD K volbě toho tématu vedla poměrně dlouhá cesta, která začala mít jasný směr aţ po změně přístupu k samotnému jejímu hledání. Práci takovéhoto rozsahu a důleţitosti by měl autor psát s nadšením, měla by se týkat oblastí, které zná, nebo blíţe poznat chce, věcí a jevů, se kterými má zkušenost, oblastí, ve kterých se chce v budoucnu uplatnit apod. Jednoduše, takováto práce by měla bavit, měla by vycházet z osobních zájmů výzkumníka, protoţe pouze v takovém případě můţe být opravdu kvalitní. Z tohoto důvodu padla volba tématu právě na hudební festivaly, které jsou oblíbenou letní aktivitou autorky. Další zaměření uţ bylo jasné – čím dál tím častěji se na nich setká- váme s osobami s různým typem postiţení. Otázkou ale je, zda mají z těchto akcí stejné záţitky jako běţný návštěvník, respektive, zda mají moţnost si festival plnohodnotně uţít. Autorka si tedy poloţila otázku: Jsou současné hudební festivaly přístupné osobám s postiţením? Bakalářská práce je rozdělena na část teoretickou a část praktickou. Teoretická část se zabývá obecně člověkem a jeho vztahem ke kultuře. Tuto širokou oblast následně zuţuje na tak zvanou kulturu masovou a blíţe se zabývá chováním mas v oblasti hudby. Jak je známo, hudba v člověku vyvolává reakce emocionální i fyziologické. Na člověka působí, ovlivňuje jej a u některých příjemců se stává i určujícím ţivotním směrem. Teoretická část se
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