DOCSLIB.ORG

Islamska Prijetnja, Mit Ili Stvarnost

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Islamska Prijetnja, Mit Ili Stvarnost 1 Hoće li se islam i Zapad neizbježno sukobiti? Koje su implikacije događaja u Alžiru, Egiptu, Iranu, Sudanu, Pakistanu i na Zapadu?... U ovom proširenom izdanju Islamske prijetnje, John L. Esposito, vodeći ekspert za politički islam, analizira posljedice ovih nedavnih događanja od Sjeverne Afrike do Jugoistočne Azije i izazov islama postavlja u kritičku perspektivu. Pravovremenu i neodoljivu Islamsku prijetnju moraju pročitati svi oni koje interesuje "premošćavanje sve opasnijeg jaza između zapadnih i islamskih društava." "Jedan od najautoritativnijih interpretatora islama na tlu Amerike... nudi obaviještenu i razumnu diskusiju o islamu u politici." The Wall Street Journal "Koristan protuotrov baraži pretjeranih viđenja islama... Nudi vrijednu historiju vodećih figura i pokreta islamskog buđenja u 20. stoljeću, potcrtavajući trend otklona od nasilja ka parlamentarnoj politici u posljednjim godinama." The New York Times "Razborita, pažljiva studija, napisana sa žarom i ubjeđenjem." Fouad Ajami "Ne postoji autoritativniji glas koji bi nam predstavio muslimane... Slušamo autentične glasove islama, osjećamo iskreno raspoloženje muslimana i čak dijelimo njihove strahove i nadanja." Times Higher Education Supplement (London) 2 Naslov originala: John L Esposito, The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? (New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3. izdanje, 1999., ranija izdanja: 1. izd. 1992., paperback 1993., 2. dopunjeno 1995.) Na bosanski preveo: Ahmet Alibašić Recenzent: Dr. Enes Karić Le ktor: Hurija lmamović Korektor: Mr. Amel Kovačević Tehnička priprema: Nurko Karaman Naslovna strana: Tarik Jesenković Izdavač: UIO „SELSEBIL“ Živinice, 2001. CIP -Katalogizacija u publikaciji Nacionalna i univerzitetska biblioteka Bosne i Hercegovine, Sarajevo 327. 7 /. 8 : 297 ESPOSITO, John L. Islamska prijetnja - mit ili stvarnost? / John L. Esposito ; [na bosanski preveo Ahmet Alibašić] . - Živinice : Selsebil, 2001. - 338 str. ; 21 cm Prijevod djela: The Islamic threat - myth or reality?. - Bibliografija: str. 305-333 ISBN 9958-9589-3-7 COBISS/BiH-ID 10108422 Rješenjem Federalnog ministarstva obrazovanja, nauke, kulture i sporta br. 02-15-6408/01, od 18. 10. 2001. ovaj proizvod oslobođen je poreza na promet i usluge, a u skladu sa Zakonom o porezu na promet proizvoda i usluga Sl. list br. 6/95 i 25/97, 13/00, 36/00, 54/00 i 22/01 član 19. tačaka 10. 3 John L. Esposito islamska prijetnja mit ili stvarnost ? Selsebil, Živinice 2001. 4 Mojim roditeljima John i Mary Esposito 5 SADRŽAJ SADRŽAJ ............................................................................................... 6 PREDGOVOR TREĆEM IZDANJU ................................................... 11 PREDGOVOR DRUGOM IZDANJU ................................................. 13 PREDGOVOR PAPERBACK IZDANJU ............................................ 17 PREDGOVOR PRVOM IZDANJU ..................................................... 22 UVOD ................................................................................................... 25 Prvo poglavlje SAVREMENI ISLAM: REFORMACIJA ILI REVOLUCIJA? ... 30 Uskrsnuće religije: Poraz modernizacije i teorije razvoja ................. 32 Islamsko buđenje ............................................................................... 35 Iskustvo neuspjeha i traganje za identitetom..................................... 37 Od neuspjeha do uspjeha ................................................................... 43 Ideološki svjetonazor islamskog revivalizma ................................... 45 Izvoz revolucije ................................................................................. 47 Od periferije ka centru: dominantna tendencija revivalizma ............ 51 Drugo poglavlje ISLAM I ZAPAD: KORIJENI SUKOBA, SARADNJE I SUČELJAVANJE ............................................................................... 54 Porijeklo i priroda islama .................................................................. 55 Muhammed: Božiji poslanik ......................................................... 56 Islamska zajednica ......................................................................... 59 Islamska vlast i društvo ................................................................. 61 Osvajanja i širenje islama .............................................................. 62 Džihad ............................................................................................ 64 Islamska civilizacija ...................................................................... 65 Islamski zakon: Božija staza .......................................................... 66 Islamski misticizam i spiritualnost ................................................ 69 Islam i Zapad ..................................................................................... 70 6 Nemuslimani u islamskoj državi ................................................... 72 Krstaški ratovi................................................................................ 73 Osmansko carstvo: bič Evrope ...................................................... 77 Evropske predstave o islamu ......................................................... 80 Treće poglavlje TRIJUMF ZAPADA I ODGOVORI MUSLIMANA ...................... 84 Islamska obnova i reforma ................................................................ 87 Evropski kolonijalizam ..................................................................... 89 Muslimanski odgovori na izazov kolonijalizma ............................... 91 Odbijanje i odstupanje ................................................................... 92 Sekularizacija i pozapadnjačenje ................................................... 92 Islamski modernizam ..................................................................... 94 Nacionalni pokreti i dugi marš ka nezavisnosti .............................. 104 Arapski istok ................................................................................ 105 Arapski zapad (Sjeverna Afrika, Magreb) ................................... 107 Iran ............................................................................................... 108 Južna Azija .................................................................................. 109 Nove države i "Zapad: od oponašanja do neuspjeha liberalnih režima ......................................................................................................... 111 Moderni islamski neorevivalistički pokreti i "neuspjeh Zapada" ... 113 Arapski nacionalizam/socijalizam i Zapad ..................................... 114 Palestina ....................................................................................... 118 Arapski nacionalizam i islam ...................................................... 119 Četvrto poglavlje ISLAM I DRŽAVA: DINAMIKA BUĐENJA ............................... 123 Islam i moderna država ................................................................... 124 Libija ............................................................................................... 126 "Gaddafijev islam" ...................................................................... 130 Spoljna politika ............................................................................ 133 Sudan ............................................................................................... 137 Islam, demokratija i povratak vojnoj vladavini ........................... 143 Egipat .............................................................................................. 145 Sadatov islamski put .................................................................... 145 7 Husni Mubarek i institucionalizacija islamskog revivalizma ...... 149 Islamska republika Iran ................................................................... 154 Islam, nacionalizam i država ....................................................... 155 Iran i Zapad .................................................................................. 157 Represija i opozicija .................................................................... 158 Iranska "islamska" revolucija ...................................................... 166 Jedan ili više Irana? - Raznolikost i razlika ................................. 167 Od monarhije do islamske republike ........................................... 168 Islamska prijetnja: iranski izvoz revolucije ................................. 170 Podjele unutar vlade .................................................................... 172 Peto poglavlje ISLAMSKE ORGANIZACIJE: BOŽIJI VOJNICI...................... 178 Muslimanska braća i Džema'at-i islami .......................................... 179 Neorevivalizam i Zapad ............................................................... 185 Radikalni islam: Sejjid Kutb, šehid ............................................. 187 Politička akcija ............................................................................ 191 Savremeni islamski pokreti u Egiptu: evolucija ili revolucija? ... 193 Muslimanska braća 1970.-1991. .................................................. 194 Islamske revolucionarne grupe u Egiptu ......................................... 196 Džihad - zaboravljena dužnost .................................................... 198 Ideološki svjetonazor militantnih islamista ................................. 199 Vođstvo i organizacija ................................................................. 200 Profil članstva .............................................................................. 202 Egipatski
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE RELIGIOUS OPPOSITION in ALGERIA August 21, 2011 Gloria-Center.Org
    http://www.gloria-center.org/2011/08/the-religious-opposition-in-algeria-2/ THE RELIGIOUS OPPOSITION IN ALGERIA August 21, 2011 gloria-center.org This article provides an analytical discussion on the religious opposition in Algeria, exploring the conditions and conflict-prone effects of the movement. Through historical analysis, the study reveals that the Islamist opposition in Algeria is to some extent value-driven, but it is mostly a reaction to undesirable local conditions, especially economic distress, widespread poverty, and unjust distribution of national wealth. Thus, the article suggests that positive actions be taken to deal with these issues if the religious opposition is to be successfully managed in Algeria. INTRODUCTION One of the clearest aspects of the post-Cold War era is the rise of religion as a social and political movement around the globe, and, by extension, the growing number of religiously-driven conflicts. This trend appears to be more evident in the Middle East, although it is not limited to this particular region. The secular governments in the Middle East have been frequently challenged, sometimes quite seriously, by Islamist oppositions that want to establish a state based on religious rules. The clash between government forces and militant Islamists often resulted in severe casualties, in which many innocent people, foreigners, as well as fighting sides themselves became victims. In order to manage religious opposition and cope with its conflict-prone effects, it is necessary to understand the nature of such opposition. Algeria offers a valuable case study, since although the country–unlike many Middle Eastern countries–has no tradition of early Islamic revivalism, the secular government was seriously challenged by political Islamism in the 1990s and only survived with the help of the military.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle Between Secularism and Islam in Algeria's Quest for Democracy
    Pluralism Betrayed: The Battle Between Secularism and Islam in Algeria's Quest for Democracy Peter A. Samuelsont I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 309 f1. BACKGROUND TO THE ELECTIONS AND THE COUP ................................ 311 A. Algeria's Economic Crisis ......................................... 311 B. Algeria's FirstMultiparty Elections in 1990 for Local Offices ................ 313 C. The FIS Victory in the 1991 ParliamentaryElections ...................... 314 D. The Coup dt& tat ................................................ 318 E. Western Response to the Coup ...................................... 322 III. EVALUATING THE LEGITIMACY OF THE COUP ................................ 325 A. Problems Presented by Pluralism .................................... 326 B. Balancing Majority Rights Against Minority Rights ........................ 327 C. The Role of Religion in Society ...................................... 329 D. Islamic Jurisprudence ............................................ 336 1. Islamic Views of Democracy and Pluralism ......................... 337 2. Islam and Human Rights ...................................... 339 IV. PROBABLE ACTIONS OF AN FIS PARLIAMENTARY MAJORITY ........................ 340 A. The FIS Agenda ................................................ 342 1. Trends Within the FIS ........................................ 342 2. The Process of Democracy: The Allocation of Power .................. 345 a. Indicationsof DemocraticPotential .......................... 346
    [Show full text]
  • The Ideological Origins of the French Mediterranean Empire, 1789-1870
    The Civilizing Sea: The Ideological Origins of the French Mediterranean Empire, 1789-1870 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Dzanic, Dzavid. 2016. The Civilizing Sea: The Ideological Origins of the French Mediterranean Empire, 1789-1870. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33840734 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Civilizing Sea: The Ideological Origins of the French Mediterranean Empire, 1789-1870 A dissertation presented by Dzavid Dzanic to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2016 © 2016 - Dzavid Dzanic All rights reserved. Advisor: David Armitage Author: Dzavid Dzanic The Civilizing Sea: The Ideological Origins of the French Mediterranean Empire, 1789-1870 Abstract This dissertation examines the religious, diplomatic, legal, and intellectual history of French imperialism in Italy, Egypt, and Algeria between the 1789 French Revolution and the beginning of the French Third Republic in 1870. In examining the wider logic of French imperial expansion around the Mediterranean, this dissertation bridges the Revolutionary, Napoleonic, Restoration (1815-30), July Monarchy (1830-48), Second Republic (1848-52), and Second Empire (1852-70) periods. Moreover, this study represents the first comprehensive study of interactions between imperial officers and local actors around the Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • The Izala Movement in Nigeria Genesis, Fragmentation and Revival
    n the basis on solid fieldwork in northern Nigeria including participant observation, 18 Göttingen Series in Ointerviews with Izala, Sufis, and religion experts, and collection of unpublished Social and Cultural Anthropology material related to Izala, three aspects of the development of Izala past and present are analysed: its split, its relationship to Sufis, and its perception of sharīʿa re-implementation. “Field Theory” of Pierre Bourdieu, “Religious Market Theory” of Rodney Start, and “Modes Ramzi Ben Amara of Religiosity Theory” of Harvey Whitehouse are theoretical tools of understanding the religious landscape of northern Nigeria and the dynamics of Islamic movements and groups. The Izala Movement in Nigeria Genesis, Fragmentation and Revival Since October 2015 Ramzi Ben Amara is assistant professor (maître-assistant) at the Faculté des Lettres et des Sciences Humaines, Sousse, Tunisia. Since 2014 he was coordinator of the DAAD-projects “Tunisia in Transition”, “The Maghreb in Transition”, and “Inception of an MA in African Studies”. Furthermore, he is teaching Anthropology and African Studies at the Centre of Anthropology of the same institution. His research interests include in Nigeria The Izala Movement Islam in Africa, Sufism, Reform movements, Religious Activism, and Islamic law. Ramzi Ben Amara Ben Amara Ramzi ISBN: 978-3-86395-460-4 Göttingen University Press Göttingen University Press ISSN: 2199-5346 Ramzi Ben Amara The Izala Movement in Nigeria This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Published in 2020 by Göttingen University Press as volume 18 in “Göttingen Series in Social and Cultural Anthropology” This series is a continuation of “Göttinger Beiträge zur Ethnologie”.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Islam in Algeria
    Political Islam in Algeria CEPS Working Document No. 268/May 2007 Amel Boubekeur Abstract The recent legislative elections of May 2007 in Algeria have shown how complex the evolution of Islamist parties is in this country and how crucial an understanding of these mechanisms has become for Europe. Since the civil war of the 1990s, Islamist parties have experienced increased political participation. Drawing on interviews with various Algerian Islamist actors, this paper analyses how Islamist parties are building a new relationship with democratic mechanisms in Europe. In light of these recent changes, a reconsideration of EU democracy promotion policies is now necessary. CEPS Working Documents are intended to give an indication of work being conducted within CEPS research programmes and to stimulate reactions from other experts in the field. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed are attributable only to the author in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which she is associated. ISBN-13: 978-92-9079-721-0 Available for free downloading from the CEPS website (http://www.ceps.eu) © Boubekeur, 2007 Contents The Evolution of the MSP and the MNR...................................................................................... 1 Activities with European Muslims................................................................................................5 The Failure of Europe as a Democratic Model ............................................................................. 7 Areas of Potential Collaboration with
    [Show full text]
  • Islamist Party Mobilization: Tunisia's Ennahda and Algeria's HMS
    Islamist Party Mobilization: Tunisia’s Ennahda and Algeria’s HMS Compared, 1989-2014 Chuchu Zhang Hughes Hall College Department of Politics and International Studies University of Cambridge The dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2018 1 Declaration of Originality This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing which is the outcome of work done in collaboration except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It is not substantially the same as any that I have submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for a degree or diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. I further state that no substantial part of my dissertation has already been submitted, or, is being concurrently submitted for any such degree, diploma or other qualification at the University of Cambridge or any other University or similar institution except as declared in the Preface and specified in the text. It does not exceed the prescribed word limit for the relevant Degree Committee. 2 Islamist Party Mobilization: Tunisia’s Ennahda and Algeria’s HMS Compared, 1989-2014 Chuchu Zhang, Department of Politics and International Studies SUMMARY The study aims to explore how Islamist parties mobilize citizens in electoral authoritarian systems. Specifically, I analyze how Islamist parties develop identity, outreach, structure, and linkages to wide sections of the population, so that when the political opportunity presents itself, people are informed of their existence, goals, and representatives, and hence, primed to vote for them.
    [Show full text]
  • 4457 Beamish.Pdf
    R Beamish, David Thomas (2018) Intellectual currents and the practice of engagement : Ottoman and Algerian writers in a francophone milieu, 1890‐1914. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26169 Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non‐commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Intellectual Currents and the Practice of Engagement: Ottoman and Algerian Writers in a Francophone Milieu, 1890-1914 David Thomas Beamish Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2017 Department of History SOAS, University of London Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam and Political Dissent: Studies and Comparisons from Asia and the Middle East the Algerian Case, Alex Colás
    Islam and Political Dissent: Studies and Comparisons from Asia and the Middle East The Algerian Case, Alex Colás Introduction and Background Algeria is the second largest country in Africa in terms of land mass and the first to have been colonised by a European power during the nineteenth century. It currently has close to 35 million inhabitants, mainly concentrated along towns and cities of the Mediterranen littoral. Over three quarters of Algerians are under the age of 30. Most of the population has Arabic as their first language, although a significant minority (about 20-25 per cent of the population) is Berberophone or Amazigh, and French is widely spoken in urban areas. This reflects the rich legacy of successive invasions, originally by Arabs (who conquered and converted local Berber populations from the dominant animism to Islam from the seventh century onwards); subsequently by Ottoman authorities (who established a garrison in Algiers and three regencies or beyliks with capitals in Médea, Constantine and Mascara lasting from the sixteenth to early nineteenth century); and finally, from 1830-1962 through its adminstrative incorporation into France and colonialisation by diverse European settlers. The one continuity throughout this thirteen-century history has been the presence of Islam as the dominant religion and civilizational referent. Although devout Algerians overhwelmingly follow Sunni Maliki rites, historically sufism has played a significant cultural and political role throughout the country. (There are also tiny remnants of Kharajite Shi’ite, Christian and Jewish populations). Logically enough, Islam has in the modern period been mobilised as a political and cultural resource against foreign invaders, but not always homogenously or consistently.
    [Show full text]
  • ALGERIA Conflict Insights Vol 1
    PEACE & SECURITY REPORT Vol. 1 April 2020 ALGERIA CONFLICT INSIGHT ABOUT THE REPORT The purpose of this report is to provide analysis and policy implications to assist the African Union (AU), Regional Economic Communities (RECs), Member States and Development Partners in decision-making and in the implementation of peace and security related instruments. The opinions expressed in this report are the contributors' own and do not necessarily refl ect the views of the Institute for www.ipss-addis.org/publications Peace and Security Studies. CONTENTS SITUATION ANALYSIS 2 CAUSES OF THE CONFLICT 4 ACTORS 7 DYNAMICS OF THE CONFLICT 11 CURRENT RESPONSE ASSESSMENT 13 SCENARIOS 14 STRATEGIC OPTIONS 15 REFERENCES 16 CONFLICT TIMELINE (1954-2019) 17 CONTRIBUTORS Dr. Mesfin Gebremichael (Editor in Chief) Ms. Chedine Tazi Ms. Happi Cynthia Mr. Moussa Soumahoro Ms. Muluka Shifa Ms. Pezu Catherine Mukwakwa Ms. Tigist Kebede Feyissa Ms. Tsion Belay DESIGN & LAYOUT Mr. Abel Belachew (Design & Layout) © 2020 Institute for Peace and Security Studies | Addis Ababa University. All rights reserved. IPSS PEACE & SECURITY REPORT SITUATION ANALYSIS PO G LI P DP FE U P E L E X A R P T E I C C O A T N A P I N T C A Y 41.32M $4815.60 76.08 A T B I R T H ( ) Y S E R A HU NE RE M IG Cs A H N B O Figure 1: Country profile D Morocco U E and demographics R V Arab Mauritania S E Index: 0.754 L Mali Maghreb O Rank: 85/189 P Niger Union M Libya E (UMA) N Tunisia T I N D ) E I X D ( H Algeria is the largest African and Arab country and an Algeria gained its independence from France in 1962 important regional power in the MENA, with one of the after an 8-year-war that killed between 400,000 people biggest and best equipped armed forces in the sub- (according to French historians) and more than one region.1 The Algerian economy is based on a rentier state million people (according to the Algerian government).2 system that heavily relies on its hydrocarbons sector.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Islam in the Middle East
    Political Islam in the Middle East Are Knudsen R 2003: 3 Political Islam in the Middle East Are Knudsen R 2003: 3 Chr. Michelsen Institute Development Studies and Human Rights CMI Reports This series can be ordered from: Chr. Michelsen Institute P.O. Box 6033 Postterminalen, N-5892 Bergen, Norway Tel: + 47 55 57 40 00 Fax: + 47 55 57 41 66 E-mail: [email protected] www.cmi.no Price: NOK 50 ISSN 0805-505X ISBN 82-8062-043-5 This report is also available at: www.cmi.no/public/public.htm Indexing terms Islam Democracy Politics Middle East © Chr. Michelsen Institute 2003 Contents Foreword ii Executive summary iii 1. Introduction 1 Political Islam 2 Jihad 5 2. Democracy 7 3. Political violence 12 4. Theories 17 5. Conclusion: “Old Islamism” or “New Islamism”? 23 Appendix I: Persons met 26 Appendix II: Islamist performance in parliamentary elections 1965-1995 27 References 28 i Foreword This report provides an overview of the phenomenon known as “political Islam” in the Middle East. The term “Middle East” is used here in a restricted sense with a special emphasis on the Levant (Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria). The report may be read in conjunction with the CMI reports on political Islam in South Asia (Knudsen 2002a) and the annotated bibliography on Palestinian Islamist movements (Bangstad 2002). The report is principally a desk-study, but I have also benefited from informal discussions and interviews with scholars working on the subject (Appendix I). They should not be held responsible for the views expressed here which, along with any mistakes, are solely my own.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities in Algeria, Iraq, and Turkey, 1990-2019
    World Inequality Lab – Working Paper N° 2021/12 Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities in Algeria, Iraq, and Turkey, 1990-2019 Lydia Assouad Amory Gethin Thomas Piketty Juliet-Nil Uraz March 2021 Political Cleavages and Social Inequalities in Algeria, Iraq, and Turkey, 1990-20191 Lydia Assouad Amory Gethin Thomas Piketty Juliet-Nil Uraz2 Abstract This paper draws on political attitudes surveys to document the evolution of political cleavages in light of inequality dynamics in Algeria (2002-2018), Iraq (2005-2018), and Turkey (1991-2018). We investigate how social divides and ethno-religious conflicts shape voting behaviors in these three countries through their interaction with the voting system and the structure of inequalities. Our findings suggest that identity-based voting remains highly interconnected with social disparities and does not offer extensive explanatory power on its own, except in the extreme case of the Iraqi sectarian political system. Socioeconomic factors play a differentiated role depending on the historical and institutional context and have increasingly been at the heart of popular mobilizations outside of the electoral arena. 1 We are grateful to Ishac Diwan, Dalia Ghanem and Clara Martínez-Toledano for their useful advices. 2 Lydia Assouad, Amory Gethin, Thomas Piketty: Paris School of Economics – World Inequality Lab. Juliet-Nil Uraz: European University Institute. Introduction Shaken by civil wars, interstate conflicts and intifada for several decades, the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) region seems to find its unity around the predominance of violence. To explain such a political turmoil, a common view consists in reducing all conflicts in the region to their ethno-religious dimension.
    [Show full text]
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Tyranny of Tolerance: France, Religion, and the Conquest of Algeria, 1830-1870 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/52v9w979 Author Schley, Rachel Eva Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Tyranny of Tolerance: France, Religion, and the Conquest of Algeria, 1830-1870 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Rachel Eva Schley 2015 © Copyright by Rachel Eva Schley 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Tyranny of Tolerance: France, Religion, and the Conquest of Algeria, 1830-1870 by Rachel Eva Schley Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor Caroline Cole Ford, Co-chair Professor Sarah Abrevaya Stein, Co-chair “The Tyranny of Tolerance” examines France’s brutal entry into North Africa and a foundational yet unexplored tenet of French colonial rule: religious tolerance. By selectively tolerating and thereby emphasizing confessional differences, this colonial strategy was fundamentally about reaffirming French authority. It did so by providing colonial leaders with a pliant, ethical and practical framework to both justify and veil the costs of a violent conquest and by eliding ethnic and regional divisions with simplistic categories of religious belonging. By claiming to protect mosques and synagogues and by lauding their purported respect for venerated figures, military leaders believed they would win the strategic support of local communities—and therefore secure the fate of France on African soil. Scholars have long focused on the latter period of French Empire, offering metropole-centric narratives of imperial development.
    [Show full text]