DOCSLIB.ORG

UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title The Tyranny of Tolerance: France, Religion, and the Conquest of Algeria, 1830-1870 Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/52v9w979 Author Schley, Rachel Eva Publication Date 2015 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Tyranny of Tolerance: France, Religion, and the Conquest of Algeria, 1830-1870 A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in History by Rachel Eva Schley 2015 © Copyright by Rachel Eva Schley 2015 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Tyranny of Tolerance: France, Religion, and the Conquest of Algeria, 1830-1870 by Rachel Eva Schley Doctor of Philosophy in History University of California, Los Angeles, 2015 Professor Caroline Cole Ford, Co-chair Professor Sarah Abrevaya Stein, Co-chair “The Tyranny of Tolerance” examines France’s brutal entry into North Africa and a foundational yet unexplored tenet of French colonial rule: religious tolerance. By selectively tolerating and thereby emphasizing confessional differences, this colonial strategy was fundamentally about reaffirming French authority. It did so by providing colonial leaders with a pliant, ethical and practical framework to both justify and veil the costs of a violent conquest and by eliding ethnic and regional divisions with simplistic categories of religious belonging. By claiming to protect mosques and synagogues and by lauding their purported respect for venerated figures, military leaders believed they would win the strategic support of local communities—and therefore secure the fate of France on African soil. Scholars have long focused on the latter period of French Empire, offering metropole-centric narratives of imperial development. Those who have ii studied the early conquest have done so only through a singular or, to a lesser extent, comparative lens. French colonial governance did not advance according to the dictates of Paris or by military directive in Algiers. Instead, it was forged on the ground in Algeria through the negotiations of colonial officials, military leaders, autochthonous Muslims and Jews, Catholic missionaries, and European Protestant settlers over questions of religion, rule, and rights. As a colonial principle, tolerance rhetorically and structurally placed religion at the center of the imperial enterprise by identifying, managing, and legally sanctioning notions of difference along religious lines. As such, it fostered a pivotal relationship between religion and empire, a relationship that was challenged and redefined by the entreaties, resistance, and interests of Muslims, Jews, and Christians across the Algerian littoral. By initiating a dialogue between the fields of French, Jewish, colonial, and North African history, this study offers a necessary corrective; both to the history of France and its empire as well as to the history of the different communities that shaped French rule from below. This early colonial history concludes that matters of citizenship, secularism, and national identity—which remain so contentious in France today—can only be understood by looking at the colonial past through a new and broadened lens. iii The dissertation of Rachel Eva Schley is approved. David N. Myers Lia N. Brozgal Caroline Cole Ford, Committee Co-Chair Sarah Abrevaya Stein, Committee Co-Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2015 iv In memory of my father Dennis Schley (1957-1990), and in dedication to my mother Yulia Ryabinova Schley. v Table of Contents Acknowledgements Vita Introduction: The Tyranny of Tolerance and the French Conquest of Algeria 1 Chapter 1: The Conquest of Algiers and a Discourse of Tolerance 33 from Europe to North Africa, 1780-1830 Chapter 2: Occupation and Toleration: Wooing Jewish and Muslim Intermediaries 72 and Mediating Imperial Ambitions and Anxieties, 1830-1831 Chapter 3: Annexation and the Future of French Algeria: Negotiating with Mosques, 122 Marabouts, Moqaddem, Settlers, and Missionaries, 1831-1835 Chapter 4: Forging a Colonial Regime Along Religious Lines, 1835-1848 186 Chapter 5: Redefining French Algeria: Ismaÿl Urbain and the Legislation 255 of Tolerance, Difference, and the Consistoire Musulman, 1848-1870 Conclusion: The Specter of a Colonial Past 289 Bibliography 296 vi Acknowledgements The completion of this dissertation marks the end of a long journey that began in Los Angeles, ended in San Diego, and shifted between California, France, and elsewhere along the way. During this time I have received a profusion of support, from near and far. The seeds of this project were planted during Caroline C. Ford’s two-quarter seminar on France and its “Others” in my first year of graduate study. From the beginning, she has provided advice and support, and has guided me through comprehensive exams, research trips to France, and through this dissertation. Her extensive contribution to the study of French history pushed me to think broadly and critically about France, its colonial past, and its enduring republican tradition. She has been integral to my scholarly development and I am very appreciative that she encouraged me to explore the margins of French history and to expand my interests into the fields of Jewish, colonial, and North African history. Throughout every stage of the research and writing process, Sarah Abrevaya Stein has been an indispensable and kind mentor. Thanks, in no small part, to her spirited encouragement and to the example of her inimitable scholarship, I ended up working in a colonial context, thinking about questions of religion, rule, and cultural difference. Her scholarly curiosity and generosity truly knows no bounds and, for this and so much more, I am very grateful. I am fortunate to have a dedicated dissertation committee. David N. Myers has not only mentored me and provided crucial feedback to many lengthy drafts; he has nurtured my interest in Jewish history and challenged me to think about the craft and its responsibilities. Perhaps most importantly, he welcomed me into an academic community that has enriched me both intellectually and personally. Lia N. Brozgal has shared her excellent scholarship with me and vii this dissertation is that much better because she took such care in reading, commenting, questioning, and encouraging me throughout this process. I want to also thank Professors Muriel C. McClendon, Lynn Hunt, David D. Phillips, and Perry Anderson for their valuable insights, good humor, and support, as well as the UCLA History Department, the EHESS/UCLA Scholar Exchange Program, the Maurice Amado Program in Sephardic Studies, and the Center for European and Eurasian Studies for supporting my work. Over the years, Hadley D. Porter, Director of Student Affairs extraordinaire, and Lindsay Kovner, have ensured my scholarly wellbeing. Without these two individuals, I would likely still be wandering the wilderness of graduate bureaucracy or worse. I am especially grateful to Hadley for her fastidious assistance and for fielding countless emails, calls, and drop- ins with such good cheer. Beyond the stellar faculty at UCLA, a number of individuals were also instructive to this dissertation. I owe a very special word of thanks to Professor Joshua Schreier at Vassar College. There are not many of us who explore Jewish communities in early colonial Algeria and there are certainly not many who would encourage me to disagree with them as graciously as he has. I am very appreciative that he has not only shared his knowledge and experience with me, but that he has—with great dedication and wit—read and offered essential commentary on each chapter. My time as a visiting research scholar at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales in Paris was one of the highlights of my graduate studies; Professor Nancy Green was a thoughtful and helpful advisor, Véronique Conuau was a warm and welcoming presence, and Galit Haddad provided me with community both personal and professional. The many seasons that I spent in Paris and Aix-en-Provence were enhanced immeasurably by the friendship, archival companionship, and wildly good conversation of Carrie Sanders, Jacob Collins, Susan Cribbs, viii Tiffany Gleason, Hoda Shakry, Joshua Schreier, Sarah Stein, Naomi Taback, and David Todd. I would also not have been so wonderfully housed had it not been for the hospitality of Joëlle Rousseau. At various occasions and conferences, Benjamin Brower, Ethan Katz, and Elizabeth Foster provided important commentary and insightful advice. I have had the sincere pleasure of cultivating friendships with a diverse and vibrant cohort of friends and colleagues at UCLA. I have shared adventures abroad with some, co-owned a dilapidated biodiesel Mercedes with another, and participated in reading groups, Shabbat dinners, radical schemes, and many escapades in and around Los Angeles with others. I am especially thankful for the camaraderie of Aaron Benanav, Bradley Bernstein, Susan Cribbs, Alexander Zevin, and, chiefly, Carrie Sanders. Beyond my academic cohort, I have been enthusiastically supported by Benjamin Allen, Matthew Beaudette, Kelly and Warren Fogler, Melissa and Roman Gottschalk, Nicole and Thor Gould, Christine and Ryan McDonough, Amanda Mosko, Gianni and Brian Reitter, the Lang family, the Rubinstein clan, the Slaghs, my Trowbridge family, the Wells, and my loyal, childhood friend, Genessa Giorgi. Spread across three continents and counting,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • “Dangerous Vagabonds”: Resistance to Slave
    “DANGEROUS VAGABONDS”: RESISTANCE TO SLAVE EMANCIPATION AND THE COLONY OF SENEGAL by Robin Aspasia Hardy A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April 2016 ©COPYRIGHT by Robin Aspasia Hardy 2016 All Rights Reserved ii DEDICATION PAGE For my dear parents. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1 Historiography and Methodology .............................................................................. 4 Sources ..................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter Overview .................................................................................................... 20 2. SENEGAL ON THE FRINGE OF EMPIRE.......................................................... 23 Senegal, Early French Presence, and Slavery ......................................................... 24 The Role of Slavery in the French Conquest of Senegal’s Interior ......................... 39 Conclusion ............................................................................................................... 51 3. RACE, RESISTANCE, AND PUISSANCE ........................................................... 54 Sex, Trade and Race in Senegal ............................................................................... 55 Slave Emancipation and the Perpetuation of a Mixed-Race
    [Show full text]
  • Jeffrey Haus
    JEFFREY HAUS Director of Jewish Studies Associate Professor (269)-337-5789 (office) Departments of History and Religion (269)-337-5792 (fax) Kalamazoo College email: [email protected] 1200 Academy Street Kalamazoo, Michigan 49006 ACADEMIC TRAINING Ph.D., Brandeis University, Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, May 1997. Dissertation: "The Practical Dimensions of Ideology: French Judaism, Jewish Education State in the Nineteenth Century" Specializations: The Jews of France, Modern Jewish History, Church and State in Europe Languages: French, Hebrew, German B.A., University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, 1986, with Distinction, Honors in History. Honors Thesis: "The Ford Administration's Policy Toward the Arab Boycott of Business" TEACHING APPOINTMENTS Associate Professor of History and Religion, Director of Jewish Studies, Kalamazoo College, 2009-present. Assistant Professor of History and Religion, Director of Jewish Studies, Kalamazoo College, 2005-09. Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Religious Studies, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2002-2005 Visiting Assistant Professor, Jewish Studies Program, Tulane University, 1999-2002 Lecturer, Department of Near Eastern & Judaic Studies, Brandeis University, 1998-1999 Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Judaic and Near Eastern Studies, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 1997-1998 Lecturer, University of Judaism, Los Angeles, 1996 Haus, p.2 PROFESSIONAL & ADMINISTRATIVE EXPERIENCE Director of Jewish Studies, Kalamazoo College, 2005-present. Chair, History Department, Kalamazoo College, July 2010-present Interim Chair, Religion Department, Kalamazoo College, Winter-Spring, 2010, Winter 2011. Faculty Advisor, Jewish Student Organization, Kalamazoo College, 2005-present. Admissions Committee, Kalamazoo College, 2006-2009. Summer Common Reading Committee, Kalamazoo College, 2006-7. Religion Search Committee, Kalamazoo College, June 2006-February 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • THE RELIGIOUS OPPOSITION in ALGERIA August 21, 2011 Gloria-Center.Org
    http://www.gloria-center.org/2011/08/the-religious-opposition-in-algeria-2/ THE RELIGIOUS OPPOSITION IN ALGERIA August 21, 2011 gloria-center.org This article provides an analytical discussion on the religious opposition in Algeria, exploring the conditions and conflict-prone effects of the movement. Through historical analysis, the study reveals that the Islamist opposition in Algeria is to some extent value-driven, but it is mostly a reaction to undesirable local conditions, especially economic distress, widespread poverty, and unjust distribution of national wealth. Thus, the article suggests that positive actions be taken to deal with these issues if the religious opposition is to be successfully managed in Algeria. INTRODUCTION One of the clearest aspects of the post-Cold War era is the rise of religion as a social and political movement around the globe, and, by extension, the growing number of religiously-driven conflicts. This trend appears to be more evident in the Middle East, although it is not limited to this particular region. The secular governments in the Middle East have been frequently challenged, sometimes quite seriously, by Islamist oppositions that want to establish a state based on religious rules. The clash between government forces and militant Islamists often resulted in severe casualties, in which many innocent people, foreigners, as well as fighting sides themselves became victims. In order to manage religious opposition and cope with its conflict-prone effects, it is necessary to understand the nature of such opposition. Algeria offers a valuable case study, since although the country–unlike many Middle Eastern countries–has no tradition of early Islamic revivalism, the secular government was seriously challenged by political Islamism in the 1990s and only survived with the help of the military.
    [Show full text]
  • A-14 Nombre De Bâtiments Par Commune 490000 495000 500000 505000 510000 515000 520000 525000 4075000 4075000
    Projection UTM Zone 31 Systèmes de coordonnées : Nord Sahara 1959 Ellipsoïde : Clarke1880 A-14 Nombre de bâtiments par Commune 490000 495000 500000 505000 510000 515000 520000 525000 4075000 4075000 3410 1625 1640 1273 1624 1606 2179 2965 1644 1605 6340 1900 1611 1608 1639 1607 9578 4797 1632 2528 2467 2286 3836 4070000 4070000 1601 1610 7606 1602 1622 2388 3136 1627 1623 3877 2317 1630 11010 3253 1604 1628 1603 7135 2752 4326 1617 Code Nom Commune Code Nom Commune 4654 1631 1629 1601 ALGER CENTRE 1619 BACH DJERAH 1609 4148 4065000 4065000 1602 SIDI M’HAMED 1620 DAR EL BEIDA 2727 1603 EL MADANIA 1621 BAB EZZOUAR 1618 1604 HAMMA EL ANNASSER 1622 BEN AKNOUN 9573 1621 1619 5337 1605 BAB EL OUED 1623 DELY BRAHIM 5519 1612 1606 BOLOGHINE 1624 HAMMAMET 6348 5222 1613 1607 CASBAH 1625 RAIS HAMIDOU 1616 3193 1620 1608 OUED KORICHE 1626 DJASR KACENTINA 4442 8366 1609 BIR MOURAD RAIS 1627 EL MOURADIA 1610 EL BIAR 1628 HYDRA 1615 1611 BOUZAREAH 1629 MOHAMMADIA 1626 1612 BIRKHADEM 1630 BORDJ EL KIFFAN 3427 1613 EL HARRACH 1631 EL MAGHARIA 4060000 4060000 1615 OUED SMAR 1632 BENI MESSOUS 1616 BOUROUBA 1639 BORDJ EL BAHRI 1617 HUSSEIN DEY 1640 EL MARSA 1618 KOUBA 1644 AIN BENIAN 490000 495000 500000 505000 510000 515000 520000 525000 Légende Étude de Microzonage Sismique de la Wilaya d'Alger République Algérienne Démocratique et Populaire µ Limites des communes Agence Japonaise de Coopération Internationale Nombre de bâtiments par commune Ministère de I'Habitat et de I'Urbanisme 1:100,000 Centre Nationale de Recherche Appliquée en Génie Parasismique OYO International Corp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Battle Between Secularism and Islam in Algeria's Quest for Democracy
    Pluralism Betrayed: The Battle Between Secularism and Islam in Algeria's Quest for Democracy Peter A. Samuelsont I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................... 309 f1. BACKGROUND TO THE ELECTIONS AND THE COUP ................................ 311 A. Algeria's Economic Crisis ......................................... 311 B. Algeria's FirstMultiparty Elections in 1990 for Local Offices ................ 313 C. The FIS Victory in the 1991 ParliamentaryElections ...................... 314 D. The Coup dt& tat ................................................ 318 E. Western Response to the Coup ...................................... 322 III. EVALUATING THE LEGITIMACY OF THE COUP ................................ 325 A. Problems Presented by Pluralism .................................... 326 B. Balancing Majority Rights Against Minority Rights ........................ 327 C. The Role of Religion in Society ...................................... 329 D. Islamic Jurisprudence ............................................ 336 1. Islamic Views of Democracy and Pluralism ......................... 337 2. Islam and Human Rights ...................................... 339 IV. PROBABLE ACTIONS OF AN FIS PARLIAMENTARY MAJORITY ........................ 340 A. The FIS Agenda ................................................ 342 1. Trends Within the FIS ........................................ 342 2. The Process of Democracy: The Allocation of Power .................. 345 a. Indicationsof DemocraticPotential .......................... 346
    [Show full text]
  • Intermarriage and Jewish Leadership in the United States
    Steven Bayme Intermarriage and Jewish Leadership in the United States There is a conflict between personal interests and collective Jewish welfare. As private citizens, we seek the former; as Jewish leaders, however, our primary concern should be the latter. Jewish leadership is entrusted with strengthening the collective Jewish endeavor. The principle applies both to external questions of Jewish security and to internal questions of the content and meaning of leading a Jewish life. Countercultural Messages Two decades ago, the American Jewish Committee (AJC) adopted a “Statement on Mixed Marriage.”1 The statement was reaffirmed in 1997 and continues to represent the AJC’s view regarding Jewish communal policy on this difficult and divisive issue. The document, which is nuanced and calls for plural approaches, asserts that Jews prefer to marry other Jews and that efforts at promoting endogamy should be encouraged. Second, when a mixed marriage occurs, the best outcome is the conversion of the non-Jewish spouse, thereby transforming a mixed marriage into an endogamous one. When conversion is not possible, efforts should be directed at encouraging the couple to raise their children exclusively as Jews. All three messages are countercultural in an American society that values egalitarianism, universalism, and multiculturalism. Preferring endogamy contradicts a universalist ethos of embracing all humanity. Encouraging conversion to Judaism suggests preference for one faith over others. Advocating that children be raised exclusively as Jews goes against multicultural diversity, which proclaims that having two faiths in the home is richer than having a single one. It is becoming increasingly difficult for Jewish leaders to articulate these messages.
    [Show full text]
  • Clinique Privees
    FAX DSP : 021 65.13.76/ 021 66.30.67 SSPS MARS 2015 Page 1 sur 27 ETABLISSEMENTS SANITAIRES PRIVES de la WILAYA d’ALGER EHP ( ETABLISSEMENTS HOSPITALIERS PRIVES) DENOMINATION ET TEL DIRECTEUR COMMUNES GERANT ACTIVITES AUTORISEES ADRESSE FAX MEDICAL SARL Clinique 92.16.73/74 Dr OULD SLIMANE Dr OULD Gynéco-Obsté EL-BIAR d’El-Biar 92.16.67 Djaffar SLIMANE Djaffar Chir.Générale 04, Rue Mustapha Khalef Fax : (Gynéco) Ex 06 Rue Warrot 79.26.30 “EL DJAZAIRIA” Tel : Mme Dr GARICI Rimme Gynéco-Obsté CASBAH 17, Rue Bab-Azzoun 43.90.71 HADJ-MOKHTAR (Gynéco-Obsté) Chir.Générale Fax : Foufa 0550587311 68.15.10 Sage femme 23.91.63 «Eurl clinique BIR-MOURAD- chirurgicale SIDI YAHIA » 54.72.42 Mme ALAIMIA Aicha Pr MERADJI Chir.Générale RAIS Cité Said HAMDINE Fax : Sage femme Boussaad Gynéco-Obsté Lot 440- Bt A/1- 54.66.75 (Chirurgien) n° 01,02,03 et 04 - Urologie « Eurl clinique EL 48 11 14 Mr BESSAIH Gynéco-Obsté HYDRA QUODS » 60.12.35 Mohamed Amine Chir.Générale 16, Rue d’Icosium Fax : 60.43.22 0550.59.19.35 « EURL NEDJMA Clinique 26.92.61 Mme Dr DADDA Ammar Chir.Générale BOUROUBA chirurgicale » 26.63.15 FERTIKH Assia (chirurgien) Gyné-Obsté Cité Ben Boulaid Bt 05 Fax : Sage femme URO cage A 26.90.42 Chir.Infantile SARL 54.18.96 Dr DJENNAOUI Dr MAMACHE - Chir.Gnrle BIRKHADEM « EN-NAHDA » Fax : Nour-Eddine Rédha Chir. Gynéco. Lotissement Ennahda 54.14.84 Gynéco (Chirurgien) Les charbonniers n° 54 0770435264 - ORL en ambulatoire : - Orthopédie et URO 1 FAX DSP : 021 65.13.76/ 021 66.30.67 SSPS MARS 2015 Page 2 sur 27 «SARL 69.87.11/16 Dr - Chir.Gnrle
    [Show full text]
  • The Ideological Origins of the French Mediterranean Empire, 1789-1870
    The Civilizing Sea: The Ideological Origins of the French Mediterranean Empire, 1789-1870 The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Dzanic, Dzavid. 2016. The Civilizing Sea: The Ideological Origins of the French Mediterranean Empire, 1789-1870. Doctoral dissertation, Harvard University, Graduate School of Arts & Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33840734 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA The Civilizing Sea: The Ideological Origins of the French Mediterranean Empire, 1789-1870 A dissertation presented by Dzavid Dzanic to The Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of History Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts August 2016 © 2016 - Dzavid Dzanic All rights reserved. Advisor: David Armitage Author: Dzavid Dzanic The Civilizing Sea: The Ideological Origins of the French Mediterranean Empire, 1789-1870 Abstract This dissertation examines the religious, diplomatic, legal, and intellectual history of French imperialism in Italy, Egypt, and Algeria between the 1789 French Revolution and the beginning of the French Third Republic in 1870. In examining the wider logic of French imperial expansion around the Mediterranean, this dissertation bridges the Revolutionary, Napoleonic, Restoration (1815-30), July Monarchy (1830-48), Second Republic (1848-52), and Second Empire (1852-70) periods. Moreover, this study represents the first comprehensive study of interactions between imperial officers and local actors around the Mediterranean.
    [Show full text]
  • Rapport Alternatif Aux Troisième Et Quatrième Rapports Du
    Rapport alternatif aux troisième et quatrième rapports du gouvernement algérien sur l’application du Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels 4 avril 2010 Présenté conjointement par : — Syndicat national autonome des personnels de l’administration publique (SNAPAP) 23 Rue Boualem Zeriat Belfort, Harrach Alger, Algérie Email : [email protected] ‐ Tel/Fax : +213 21 52 03 72 — Comité international de soutien au Syndicalisme Autonome Algérien (CISA) 21 ter rue Voltaire – 75011 Paris – France Email : [email protected] – Tél : +33 6 29 64 66 33 — Institut Hoggar Case Postale 305, CH‐1211 Genève 21, Suisse Email : [email protected] – Tél : +41 22 734 15 03 Introduction Ceci est un rapport alternatif aux troisième et quatrième rapports du gouvernement algérien sur l’application du Pacte international relatif aux droits économiques, sociaux et culturels. La structure de ce rapport suit la liste des questions (List of issues) établie dans le Rapport du Groupe de travail pré‐session du Comité sur les droits économiques, sociaux et culturels « E/C.12/DZA/Q/4 »1 daté du 27 mai 2009. Chaque section correspond à une ou deux questions. Onze thèmes ont été abordés comme le montre le tableau suivant. Section Thème Question 1 Commission nationale consultative de promotion et de protection Q3 des droits de l’homme 2 Extraction de ressources naturelles Q4 3 Corruption Q7 4 Personnes déplacées à l’intérieur du pays Q8 et Q11 5 Etat d’urgence Q18 6 Chômage Q19 7 Salaire minimum Q22 8 Droit de grève et autonomie des syndicats Q24 et Q25 9 Logement Q31 et Q32 10 Problèmes qui se posent en matière de services de santé Q36 11 Qualité de l’enseignement Q39 et Q40 A la fin du rapport des recommandations sont faites au Comité au sujet des onze thèmes abordés.
    [Show full text]
  • Algerian Regime to the Test
    HUMAN RIGHTS PUT ALGERIAN REGIME TO THE TEST The illusion of change Paris – April 2013 Collective of Families of the Disappeared in Algeria 112, rue de Charenton 75012 Paris – France Telephone: + 33 (0)1 43 44 87 82 – Fax: + 33 (0)1 43 44 87 82 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.algerie-disparus.org HUMAN RIGHTS PUT ALGERIAN REGIME TO THE TEST The illusion of change Bibliographical information Title: Human Rights Put Algerian Regime to the Test – The illusion of change Author: Collective of Families of the Disappeared in Algeria Publication: Collective of Families of the Disappeared in Algeria Date of the publication: April 2013 Pages: 148 ISBN: 978-2-7466-6386-2 Photos: CFDA, Rachel Corner, El Watan Weekend, Hassen Ferhani, Toufik Hachi, Omar D, Reuters, SOS Disappeared Translation into English and Arabic: Bélaid Hamici / [email protected] Graphic Design: Benjamin Lerasle / [email protected] Reproduction: The Collective of Families of the Disappeared in Algeria authorises the free distribution of extracts of this publication on the condition that it will be properly cited. Collective of Families of the Disappeared in Algeria HUMAN RIGHTS PUT ALGERIAN REGIME TO THE TEST The illusion of change Report 2011-2013 4 Human Rights Put Algerian Regime to the Test - The illusion of change Methodology: Members of the Collective of Families of the Disappeared in Algeria (CFDA) and activists working closely with the CFDA initially came together to form an editorial group. Several meetings were then held in the CFDA office in Paris to select topics to discuss and reflect on the methodology to be followed in preparation for this report.
    [Show full text]
  • Louis-Napoléon and Mademoiselle De Montijo;
    CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library DC 276.132 1897 3 1924 028 266 959 Cornell University Library The original of tliis book is in tlie Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028266959 LOUIS NAPOLEON AND MADEMOISELLE DE MONTIJO LOUIS NAPOLEON BONAPARTE President if the French Republic LOUIS NAPOLEON AND MADEMOISELLE DE MONTIJO BY IMBERT DE SAINT-AMAND TRANSLATED BY ELIZABETH GILBERT MARTIN WITH PORTRAITS NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1899 COPYRIGHT, 1897, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS NotiDOOtI ^tttt }. a. Cuahing & Co. —Berwick k Smith NsiTOod Mill. U.S.A. CONTENTS CHAPTSB PASZ Intboduction 1 I. Tee Childhood OF Louis Napoleon 15 II. The !Fibst Restoration 28 in. The Hundred Days 39 rv. The First Years op Exile 50 V. Rome 62 VI. The Birth op the Empress 69 Vn. 1830 77 VIII. The Italian Movement 90 IX. The Insurrection op the Romagna 97 X. Ancona 107 XI. The Journey in Erance 115 Xn. Arenenbeko 128 Xin. Stbasburg 142 XIV. The Childhood op the Empress 154 XV. The " Andromeda " 161 XVI. New York 170 V Vi CONTENTS OHAPTEE PAGB XVII. Some Days in London 179 XVIII. The Death op Queen Hoktensb 187 XIX. A Year IN Switzerland 197 XX. Two Years in England 211 XXI. Boulogne 222 XXn. The Conciehgerie 233 XXm. The Court OP Peers 240 XXIV. The Fortress op Ham 247 XXV. The Letters prom Ham 261 XXVI. The Prisoner's Writings 274 XXVII. The End op the Captivity 281 XXVIIL The Escape 292 XXIX.
    [Show full text]
  • Nostalgias in Modern Tunisia Dissertation
    Images of the Past: Nostalgias in Modern Tunisia Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By David M. Bond, M.A. Graduate Program in Near Eastern Languages and Cultures The Ohio State University 2017 Dissertation Committee: Sabra J. Webber, Advisor Johanna Sellman Philip Armstrong Copyrighted by David Bond 2017 Abstract The construction of stories about identity, origins, history and community is central in the process of national identity formation: to mould a national identity – a sense of unity with others belonging to the same nation – it is necessary to have an understanding of oneself as located in a temporally extended narrative which can be remembered and recalled. Amid the “memory boom” of recent decades, “memory” is used to cover a variety of social practices, sometimes at the expense of the nuance and texture of history and politics. The result can be an elision of the ways in which memories are constructed through acts of manipulation and the play of power. This dissertation examines practices and practitioners of nostalgia in a particular context, that of Tunisia and the Mediterranean region during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Using a variety of historical and ethnographical sources I show how multifaceted nostalgia was a feature of the colonial situation in Tunisia notably in the period after the First World War. In the postcolonial period I explore continuities with the colonial period and the uses of nostalgia as a means of contestation when other possibilities are limited.
    [Show full text]