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ODISHA REVIEW VOL. LXXI NO. 5 DECEMBER - 2014 MADHUSUDAN PADHI, I.A.S. Commissioner-cum-Secretary RANJIT KUMAR MOHANTY, O.A.S, ( SAG) Director DR. LENIN MOHANTY Editor Editorial Assistance Production Assistance Bibhu Chandra Mishra Debasis Pattnaik Bikram Maharana Sadhana Mishra Cover Design & Illustration D.T.P. & Design Manas Ranjan Nayak Hemanta Kumar Sahoo Photo Raju Singh Manoranjan Mohanty The Odisha Review aims at disseminating knowledge and information concerning Odisha’s socio-economic development, art and culture. Views, records, statistics and information published in the Odisha Review are not necessarily those of the Government of Odisha. Published by Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar - 751001 and Printed at Odisha Government Press, Cuttack - 753010. For subscription and trade inquiry, please contact : Manager, Publications, Information & Public Relations Department, Loksampark Bhawan, Bhubaneswar - 751001. Five Rupees / Copy E-mail : [email protected] Visit : http://odisha.gov.in Contact : 9937057528(M) CONTENTS Shrikshetra, Matha and its Impact Subhashree Mishra ... 1 Good Governance ... 3 India International Trade Fair - 2014 : An Overview Smita Kar ... 7 Mo Kahani' - The Memoir of Kunja Behari Dash : A Portrait Gallery of Pre-modern Rural Odisha Dr. Shruti Das ... 10 Protection of Fragile Ozone Layer of Earth Dr. Manas Ranjan Senapati ... 17 Child Labour : A Social Evil Dr. Bijoylaxmi Das ... 19 Reflections on Mahatma Gandhi's Life and Vision Dr. Brahmananda Satapathy ... 24 Christmas in Eternal Solitude Sonril Mohanty ... 27 Dr. B.R. Ambedkar : The Messiah of Downtrodden Rabindra Kumar Behuria ... 28 Untouchable - An Antediluvian Aspersion on Indian Social Stratification Dr. Narayan Panda ... 31 Kalinga, Kalinga and Kalinga Bijoyini Mohanty ... 36 Indramani Jena Music And Dance Tradition of Odisha - Quest for Odia Identity Indu Bhusan Kar ... 43 Martial Art Tradition of Odisha Dr. Hemanta Ku. Mohapatra ... 47 Voyaging Across Times: Reflections on Indo-South African Cultural Relations Bishnupriya Padhi ... 50 Mortality in Farming Situation-A Challenge to Food Security Dr. Manoranjan Mishra ... 54 M. R. Satapathy The Museum Movement in India with Special Reference to Odisha Dr. Jayanti Rath ... 57 Growth of Museums in Odisha During the 21st Century Dr. Bhagawana Mahananda ... 60 Salt Manufacture in Balasore During 1882-1900 Dr. Satya Narayan Mishra ... 69 Silent Night, Holynight, All is Calm, All is Quite : The Call of Christmas Subhrata Pattnaik ... 77 Chher Chhera : The Agricultural Festival of Western Odisha Sureswari Bagh ... 82 Human Rights & Democracy in Changing Scenario & Our Visualization of its Theme Diptimayee Mohapatra ... 83 Natya Rathi Gopal Dash Er. Nirakar Mahalik ... 86 Kankia –Radhanagar : An Early Historical Buddhist Settlement Dr. Sunil Kumar Patnaik ... 88 Recently Discovered Buddhist and Jain Sites at Anandapur Block of Keonjhar in Odisha Paramatap Pradhan ... 98 Champions Trophy Hockey - 2014 : Rise, Fall and Rise of Indian Hockey Ashok Mohanty ... 101 Odisha Update ... 104 Editor’s Note We are speechless at the barbaric massacre of innocent school children at Peshawar in Pakistan. We vehemently condemn this brutal terrorist attack and thus, this Editorial Page has been left blank in their memory. Editor, Odisha Review December - 2014 Odisha Review Shrikshetra, Matha and its Impact Subhashree Mishra Shrikshetra is the cultural captial of Odisha. The connected with the worship of Lord Jagannath culture of Shrikshetra is completely based on and have typical sevas or duties to perform in the Lord Jagannatha. It represents the essence of temple. The Mahantas or religious head of these Indian culture unity in diversity. So long we have institutions are the Gurus or spiritual preceptors tried to present legendary events so also historical of many people. In the past, they received liberal facts to prove our contention that Shrikshetra gifts or money from their wealthy followers and stands for its unique cross cultural phenomenon endowments in land for the worship of Lord and the fact is unchangable that Lord Jagannatha Jagannath and for other charitable purposes. The is a symbol of diverse concept and ideologies in purpose of this Matha culture is to bring common regard to god and religions. With its origin as a man back to his original consciousness which is tribal deity in the hoary past Jagannatha plays the Krishna consciousness or clear consciousness. multifaceted role of Vishnu and Siva on one hand and the trinity as the symbol of Jainism and The Puri Mathas are developed to Buddhism. Even the Muslim like Salbeg and support Jagannath temple in daily and special Haridas offerered Him prayers for their salvation. rituals. The rituals of the Lord can be classified It has to be accepted therefore that the philosophy into three categories 1) From the opening of the that grows up in Shrikshetra with Lord Jagannath gates of the Lord for the first darshan to the in the centre stage defied a simplistic or for that offering of morning Bhoga 2) From the end of the matter a dogmatic definition and moreover, the morning Bhoga to the offerings of evening Bhoga shrine known as Shrikshetra is a place with 3) From the end of the evening bhoga to the monasteries performing diverse rites according to closing of the temple in the night when the Lord their ideologies. It is the most liberal outlook of goes to sleep. The rituals can also be classified in the contemporary king of Khurda or the Raja of the following ways 1) Puja and Arati 2) Bhoga Puri who granted pieces of land to the founders 3) Different Veshas 4) Different festivals that are of these monasteries. observed in the temple. It is not possible to give a Generally, Mathas are institutions where detailed description of the rituals of the temple Sanyasies, austerities, Bhikshukas and devotees with which all the monasteries are associated in stay to practice meditation to reach God. These course of time. Some of them have been extinct. are originally founded with the object of giving A few of them still continue to be indispensable religious instruction to Chelas or disciples and parts of the rituals of the temple. Some leading generally encouraging a religious life. But in Mathas of Puri are closely associated with the Srikshetra Mathas have been developed with a daily rituals of Shri Jagannath and some of the special reason. Most of the Mathas of Puri are important festivals. Jagannath Ballava Matha, 1 Odisha Review December - 2014 Raghavdas Matha, Bada Chhata Matha, Bada Jagannath temple or for performing other acts of Odia Matha, Sunagosain Matha, Sri Ram Das charity and the Mahantas were considered as (Dakshina Parswa) Matha, Uttar Parswa Matha, mere trustees. But at present, Mathas are not Emar Matha, Radhakanta Matha, Jadhu Mathas performing their duties properly. They avoid their may be included among them. Besides the daily duties in the pretext of paucity of funds. Although rituals, these Mathas are extending assistance in the Mathas do possess thousands of acres of land various festivals like Rath Yatra, Chandan Yatra, they do not get the income from these lands. The Jhulan Yatra, Navakalebar ceremony and other Mahantas are no longer efficient like their festive occasions by offering Panti and Pana ancestors. Consequently a sense of distrust Bhog, Vesa materials, clearing of Ratnasimhasana, prevails for which they are not in a position to supplying of canopy and chaka Apasara, phulari collect their income from land. So Mathas are tela (til oil), sandal wood paste, flower garlands, not capable for social welfare activities. Now Tulsi leaves and other Puja materials besides Mathas are managed through private donations performing Sankirtana with devotional music from the devotees. In the present context, the services. relation between the Mathas and the temple have Tha Matha culture in Puri influenced the become a formal one. The original, ethical, society to great extent. The impact of Matha spiritual, religious and artistic values are very often culture can be studied under different heads like not seen in their practice. In spite of this, they are social, cultural, religious, economic etc. Mathas considered as inseparable institutions in the socio- are developed for spreading religious knowledge. religious life of Shrikshetra. Although, with the Mathas help the poor students for completing their advancement of modernity some Mathas are education. Some Mathas are having rich library completely abolished, some have been converted containing printed books and manuscripts which into market complex, Jatri Nivas, some of these help a lot to the educated mass of our society. are in dilapidated condition. Still some Mathas Mathas also act as a type of residence for the are well maintained and perform their duties destitute, poor and helpless people. They also properly as per their capacity. Let Lord Jagannath provide shelter to the people belonging to their create an atmosphere of sense of belief so that own sect, while some of them have arrangements the old tradition may revive again in Matha culture. to provide temporary shelter to pilgrims. Most of The only consideration that prevails in Shrikshetra them also carry on many charitable dispensaries. is that everything belongs to Lord Jagannath and Some Mathas are used as old age homes. Some He belongs to everybody, every organization or Mathas are organising various religious even every dwelling houses of common people programmes viz: Bhagabat
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