The Mirror (Vol-3) ISSN – 2348-9596

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The Mirror (Vol-3) ISSN – 2348-9596 The Mirror (Vol-3) ISSN – 2348-9596 1 The Mirror (Vol-3) ISSN – 2348-9596 Edited by Dr. Anjan Saikia Cinnamara College Publication 2 The Mirror (Vol-3) ISSN – 2348-9596 The Mirror Vol-III: A Bilingual Annual Journal of Department of History, Cinnamara College in collaboration with Assam State Archive, Guwahati, edited by Dr. Anjan Saikia, Principal, Cinnamara College, published by Cinnamara College Publication, Kavyakshetra, Cinnamara, Jorhat-8 (Assam). International Advisor Dr. Olivier Chiron Bordeaux III University, France Chief Advisor Dr. Arun Bandopadhyay Nurul Hassan Professor of History University of Calcutta, West Bengal Advisors Prof. Ananda Saikia Indrajit Kumar Barua Founder Principal President, Governing Body Cinnamara College Cinnamara College Dr. Om Prakash Dr. Girish Baruah School of Policy Sciences Ex-Professor, DKD College National Law University, Jodhpur Dergaon, Assam Dr. Daljit Singh Dr. Yogambar Singh Farswan Department of Punjab Historical Deparment of History & Archaeology Studies Punjabi University, Patiala H.N. Bahuguna Garhwal University Dr. Ramchandra Prasad Yadav Dr. Vasudev Badiger Associate Professor, Satyawati Professor, and Department of studies College University of Delhi in Ancient History & Archaeology Dr. Rupam Saikia, Director Kannada University, Karnataka College Development Council Dr. Rup Kumar Barman Dibrugarh University Professor, Department of History Dr. K. Mavali Rajan Jadavpur University, West Bengal Department of Ancient Indian Dr. Suresh Chand History Culture & Archeology Special Officer & Deputy Registrar copyrights Santiniketan Incharge-ISBN Agency Dr. Rahul Raj Ministry of Human Resource Development Department of Ancient Indian Government of India, New Delhi History Culture & Archaeology Dr. Devendra Kumar Singh Banaras Hindu University Department of History Dr. Uma Shanker Singh Indira Gandhi National Tribal University Department of History Madhya Pradesh Dyal Singh College Dr. Dharmeswar Sonowal University of Delhi, Delhi Director, State Archive, Assam 3 The Mirror (Vol-3) ISSN – 2348-9596 Dr. Vinay Shrivastava Dr. N.V. Aski Department of History Principal Chhatrasal Govt. P.G. College Govt. First Grade College Panna, Madhya Pradesh Karnataka Radhey Shyam Dr. Malsawmliana Deputy Librarian Department of History Nehru Memorial & Museum Govt. T. Romana College Library, New Delhi Mizoram Dr. Bhupendra Nath Goswami Binay Barman Associate Professor Departmentof History Department of Geography Saldhia College, West Bengal Mariani College, Assam Editor Dr. Anjan Saikia Principal, Cinnamara College Associate Editors Rumi Saikia Assistant Professor Bhupen Borah Assistant Professor Department of History Department of History Cinnamara College Cinnamara College Madhavi Kutum Assistant Professor Bhrigumoni Nath Assistant Professor Department of History Department of History Cinnamara College Cinnamara College Editorial Members Rana Neog Associate Professor Dr. Sonaram Kalita Associate Professor Department of History Department of History S.M.D. College, Charing, Assam O.P.D. College, Lakhimpur, Assam Dr. Soumitra Pujari Tufel Zillani, Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Department of English, Kakojan College Jorhat College Basanta Kr. Borah Kashmir Dhankhar Assistant Professor Jawahalal Nehru University Department of History New Delhi Mariani College Madhujya Mili Deepshikha Dutta Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Mariani College Cinnamara College Dr. Bornali Borthakur Dr. Plabita Bordoloi Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Cinnamara College Cinnamara College Dipanjali Borah Simanta Borah Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Cinnamara College Cinnamara College 4 The Mirror (Vol-3) ISSN – 2348-9596 Cover Design & Plan Dr. Anjan Saikia Principal, Cinnamara College Jabalik Khaund Managing Director Assam Institute of Design, Jorhat Name of the Publisher Cinnamara College Publication Nature of Publication Annual (October-November) Copyright Reserve to Cinnamara College Publication Cinnamara, Jorhat-785008, Assam (India) Subscription Rates Annual (Individual)- Rs.200 /- (Institutional & Library)-Rs.300/- e.mail [email protected] N.B. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not reflect the views of the Editor or Publisher. 5 The Mirror (Vol-3) ISSN – 2348-9596 From the Editor’s Quill Socio-Economic Development and Women Empowerment In light of Eco-Historical Perspective The adopted theme stands highly prudent bearing far-reaching socio-economic implications. It is apparent that the past fifteen years have brought in our country an interesting and possibly a unique mix of policy measures and socio-economic outcomes. In policy terms both globalization and neoliberal economic package on the one hand and a growing recognition of the significance of human development on the other have influenced discussions of economic strategy and patterns of public allocation. In terms of outcome there has been a startling combination of rapid growth of aggregate incomes and some (especially urban based) economic activities with sharp increases in economic inequalities, widespread poverty and material insecurity amongst a sizeable part of the population and uneven evolution of human development indicators. Faster economic growth has certainly brought with it an expansion of overall economic opportunities as well as dramatically improved consumption standards for upper-income groups. It is seen that though the current phase of rapid economic growth has brought unexpected successes in some areas, the forward-looking strategies for the future must incorporate central concerns in three focus areas; employment, education and health. In addition some new issues that have recently cropped up in national level discussion need to be addressed in terms of increasing access to land, water and other increasingly scarce resources and making their distribution more even or balanced. All these also warrant a more purposeful intervention of the state in the structure and functioning in the background of eco-historic perspective. Another pivotal issue is women empowerment. Empowerment of women is the much publicized clichéd concept of the 21st century. The media talks about it, the local politicians talk about it, the national leaders talk about it and the international community talks about it. In fact empowerment is a multi-dimensional and multi-faceted process. If we study the history of the freedom struggle, it appears crystal clear that the women folk had been in the forefront in the fight for social and political emancipation. The role of women in the Swadeshi movement, the Non Co-operation movement, the Civil Disobedience movement and the Quit India movement are well known. It was the free and unassuming participation of women that contributed in attaining the mature phase in those aforesaid movements. During that period the editorial of Asomiya in 1939 emphasising the importance of women’s participation in the peasant organization of the Brahmaputra Valley of Assam reflected that the women folk had come forward from the kitchen to rescue the country. But in this present century the role of women has been changing faster than before and they are now emerging from the past traditions into a new era of freedom and rights due to globalization. Women have made great strides in the corporate world but still the patriarchal nature of Indian society prevents them from 6 The Mirror (Vol-3) ISSN – 2348-9596 having careers that infringe too much on family life. Women are supporting their families with dual incomes thereby increasing the voice not only at home but also at the parliament for 50% reservation as they are contributing to the Indian economy at large. However, it is argued that Indian society is horizontally and vertically situated in the class-caste categories and eventually it is less possible for ultimate empowerment of women in our country. These are some of the few aspects that we have humbly focused here. A thorough interactive discussion is a matter of vital necessity in the perspective of eco-historical aspect. In fact, history should not be on the basis of merely story-telling narration connected with ironic, romantic qualities, heroic kings and glamorous queens as generally believed by the people all around. Rather, it should be a very serious academic and social discipline with multi-dimensional approaches, from the historical past to the historiographical present, from the elite to the masses and silent sufferers. In fact, the death of history is the death of man not in physical terms, but in terms of his identity and roots. However, it is our third and humble approach to publish this volume of Journal of history department of our College. This editorial does not claim any originality. Much of the thoughts expressed here have been picked up from numerous publications. Not a perfect volume in many ways, nevertheless we feel that the completion of this volume, in a way, is redemption of our pledge to the subject of history. In this context, special expression of our gratefulness goes to our founder Principal Sjt. Ananda Saikia, who is also a devoted scholar in the field of historical research, Sjt. Durlav Chandra Mahanta, founder President, Governing Body and Sjt. Indrajit Kumar Barua, president of the present Governing body of our college. Their inspiration and guidance, in fact, sustained us in our Journal. We would forever remain grateful to all the contributors of the research papers and learned Advisory Board. Finally, we offer our sincere thanks to Mr. Parash Gogoi,
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