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Information Handbook 2 Content AZERBAIJAN Information Handbook 2 Content Country profile Climate Azerbaijan - the “Land of Fire” Highlights of Azerbaijan’s oil history Interesting facts about Azerbaijan Baku Highlights of Baku Shopping Banking Mobile Operators Internet BP Azerbaijan-Georgia-Turkey Region Becoming an expatriate in Azerbaijan Useful links 3 Country profile Azerbaijan, officially known as the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan Respublikası), is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bordered by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west and Iran to the south. The landlocked enclave of Nakhchivan is surrounded by Armenia to the north and east, Iran to the south and west and Turkey to the northwest. 4 AZERBAIJAN Information Handbook Official name: Republic of Azerbaijan Country Population: 9,111,000 people (2010 census) Capital city: Baku with a population of 2,064,900 (2010 census) Area: 86 600 sq. km., 33 436 sq. miles (slightly smaller than Maine and larger than Scotland) Language: Azerbaijani is the official language although English and Russian are widely spoken Time Zone: GMT + 4 hours Calling Code: +994 Major cities: Agdam, Barda, Shirvan, Ganja, Khankendi, Lankaran, Mingechevir, Naftalan, Nakchivan, Sumgayit, Sheki, Shusha, Yevlakh GDP per capita (PPP): $10,900 (2010 data) Religion: Azerbaijan is a secular state 5 Climate The climate of Azerbaijan is varied. Climate zones range from dry and subtropical with hot summers and normally mild winters to a forest/alpine zone in the mountains. Baku has an arid climate, with hot summers and cold and occasionally wet winters. It is also a windy city year-round enduring both a cold northern wind Khazri and a warm southern wind Gilavar. Summer is usually hot and dry, with the daily temperature in July and August averaging 27.4°C (79.5°F) accompanied by almost no rainfall. Winter is cold and sometimes wet with the daily temperature in January and February averaging 4.3°C (39.7°F). Very occasionally there will be snow. On the Absheron peninsula the climate has been improved by parks and gardens which have been planted for centuries. The natural landscape consists of rocks, saline soils and steppes that become covered by grass in spring. Elsewhere in Azerbaijan numerous sources of spring water exist, especially in the alpine zones and in the many woods 6 AZERBAIJAN Information Handbook containing ancient types of trees. Here the climate can be rainy even in the summer. There are also vast steppes and high mountain ranges attracting climbers, tourists, visitors and those interested in nature. 7 Azerbaijan – the ancient “Land of Fire” Azerbaijan is one of the oldest centers of human civilization and is a country with a rich and ancient history. The oldest settlements have been traced back to the 6th century BC. The earliest known written source to mention the name Azerbaijan (as Ador Bad Agan) dates from the 6th century BC and means a “place protected by the holy fire”. Arabs, who arrived in the 7th century to conquer and to spread Islam in the region, named the area “Azer-Baigan”. This word may be translated as “The Treasury of Fire” or “The Land of the Fire”. The roots of the word Azerbaijan are also closely linked to the once- dominant Zoroastrian religion. 8 AZERBAIJAN Information Handbook Azerbaijan’s favorable geographic position, its rich natural resources and its agreeable climate has always made it attractive to outsiders. Through the centuries it has been invaded and occupied by various tribes and empires and been influenced by diverse cultures including Turkic, Persian, Arabic and Russian. Today every area of the country can boast archeological artifacts showing that a wide variety of peoples have lived there in the past. Overrun by Romans, Iranians, Arabs during the centuries and conquered by Russia in 1813, Azerbaijan established the 9 first democratic state in the Muslim East in 1918. Azerbaijan became part of the Soviet Union in 1922 and regained its independence in 1991 following the collapse of communism and the USSR. The territory of the country as a whole can be pictured as a giant tray tilted east towards the Caspian Sea. This causes all the rivers of Azerbaijan to flow into the Caspian – the largest land-locked body of water on earth – so boosting its unique and rich biodiversity. Among the fauna of the Caspian Sea are sturgeon, salmon, bream, herring and other fish. 10 AZERBAIJAN Information Handbook In addition Azerbaijan has about 250 lakes, six national parks, 13 nature reserves and 21 protected areas occupying 8% of the total territory of the country. Two thirds of Azerbaijan is rich in oil and natural gas. Azerbaijan also is home to some distinct and historic cultural, economic, sporting and leisure activities. Alongside traditions of carpet-weaving, stone-carving, copper-engraving, silk production and embroidery, some unusual sports are to be found including gulesh (Azeri wrestling) and chovgan (horse racing). Hunting and fishing are very much part of the local culture. 11 Highlights of Azerbaijan oil history • The first-ever mechanically-drilled oil well was completed in the Bibi-Heybat suburb of Baku in 1846 • In 1900 Azerbaijan produced more than half of the world’s oil, equivalent to 11.4 million tons 12 AZERBAIJAN Information Handbook • In 1897-1907 the largest oil pipeline in the world was built linking Baku to Batumi, a distance of 883 km (about 550 miles) • About 80% of Soviet oil production during the Second World War came from Azerbaijan. Production peaked in 1941 at 23.5 million tons • The first offshore oil production in the world got underway in Azerbaijan in 1924 at Bibi Heybat beach. Open sea production began in 1947 at Oil Rocks 13 Interesting facts about Azerbaijan In the Middle East context: • The first opera and ballet performances were staged in Baku in 1908 • The first circus building was constructed in Baku in 1904 • Women were given voting rights in Azerbaijan in 1918 • The first musical conservatory was built in 1920 14 AZERBAIJAN Information Handbook In the Soviet era context: • The first electric train started from Baku in 1926 • The first factory making air conditioners in the USSR was built in Azerbaijan In the global context: • The Nobel Prize was based originally on capital earned by Alfred Nobel from oil operations around Baku. Today 12% of the Nobel Prize fund is derived from this source. 15 Baku Baku, one of the most atmospheric cities of the Caucasus and former Soviet Union, is sited at the crossroads between Europe and Asia. It is located on the western coast of the Caspian Sea and the southern part of the oil-rich Absheron peninsula. The name Baku can be traced back to its ancient designation of “Bad-kube,” meaning “City of Wind.” 16 AZERBAIJAN Information Handbook The modern conurbation of Baku includes the biggest port in Azerbaijan, 11 administrative districts and five “urban settlements”. In the past decade the city has expanded into a major cultural, industrial and political center for the Caucasus region. 17 Highlights of Baku Maiden’s Tower (Qız Qalası) – the traditional symbol of Baku surrounded by myth and legends. Old City – the historic part of Baku classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. State Philarmonic Hall – designed in an architectural style similar to the of the Monte Carlo casino and the Monte Carlo opera house. National Opera and Ballet Theatre – the first opera in the Middle East was written in Azerbaijan. 18 AZERBAIJAN Information Handbook Gobustan Petroglyphs – Located about 1 hour south of Baku Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape has outstanding universal value for the quality and density of its rock art engravings, for the substantial evidence the collection of rock art images presents for hunting, fauna, flora and lifestyles in pre-historic times. In 2007 Gobustan was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Culture – Baku has many amenities that offer a wide range of cultural activities, drawing both from a rich local dramatic Maiden’s Tower Old City National Opera and (Qız Qalası) Ballet Theatre 19 portfolio and an international repertoire. It also boasts many museums such as Baku Museum of Modern Art and Azerbaijan State Museum of History and many others. Among famous festivals are Baku International Jazz Festival, Novruz Festival, Gül Bayramı (Flower Festival) and the National Theater Festival. Baku was also selected to host Eurovision Song Contest in 2012. Social life – Baku has a reputation for its vibrant social life and many clubs that remain open until dawn can be found throughout the city. There are a number of good restaurants with an eastern style that serve Azerbaijan cuisine accompanied by local music as well as numerous western style clubs and pubs. Standards vary from the luxurious and expensive to the affordable. 20 AZERBAIJAN Information Handbook Park Bulvar Mall – a popular entertainment and shopping center. It includes world-famous shopping stores, a 3D cinema at one of seven auditoriums, a food court, a planetarium and tenpin bowling. http://www.parkbulvar.az 21 Shopping Food shopping in Baku is relatively easy. There are number of stores that import and sell favorite expatriate foods and brands. Similarly, there are many small local stores and bazaars which offer a wide range of day‑to‑day basics and staple goods. 22 AZERBAIJAN Information Handbook Bazaars in Azerbaijan reflect the country’s culture. Beautifully displayed selections of fresh fruit and vegetables can be seen year-round varying according to season. The counters often surprise with the diversity of their eastern specialties – peanuts, pistachios, almonds, dates, dried apricots, raisins and many other products.
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