Elm və İnnovativ Texnologiyalar Jurnalı Nömrə 15, 2020. 17-44 DOI: 10.30546/2616-4418.15.2020.17 AZERBAIJAN’S SILK INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Wang SIMING Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu province, China Faig AGHABALAYEV Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu province, China Introduction Silk of Azerbaijan increased global thankfulness since V-VII hundreds of years and until the finish of XIX century it was the primary fare item from South Caucasus to a world products market. Shamakhi, Ganja, Ordubad assumed a significant part in silk producing in Azerbaijan during XI-XVIII hundreds of years. Found straightforwardly on Great Silk Way, every year 100 thousand puds crude silk was sent out from Shamakhi to Russia, Iran, Ottoman Empire, Italy, France, India and different nations through Baku. Another significant parade course went through Shamakhi, Aresh and Ganja to Tbilisi. Sheki was found somewhat away and silk case exchange was brought out through a little later archaic town of Aresh.1 Decline of travel exchange XVII century brought about rot of the town of Aresh and afterward shippers themselves started to go to Sheki and fare casings to 1 Aliyarov.S. History of Azerbaijan. From the distant past to the 1870s . Baku, Azerbaijan, 1996 17 18 Wang SIMING , Faig AGHABALAYEV various nations. Solid Sheki khanate subjecting the neighbor domains, and having created horticulture, craftsmanship and silk cocoon creation drew an ever increasing number of dealers. The city was adjusted for economic accords. There started to build caravansaries, little shops, bazaars and private populace started to join in merchantry. Cover creation was restricted to casing rising and offer of crude silk that didn't need uncommon developments for this reason. Toward the finish of XVIII century East-India Company, cornering Iranian silk market lost its enthusiasm for Azerbaijani silk that normally caused fortifying of monetary situation of Russia in this locale. Exchange relations of Sheki khanate with Russia, the fundamental buyer of silk, were brought out predominantly via land through Kizlyar and Derbent. In the principal half of XIX century Tsarist government, particularly Russian bourgeoisie, were firmly keen on utilizing crude material assets. It was identified with the way that, silkworms in Western European nations contracted an ailment and Russian silk industry felt the intense need of crude silk.2 Transcaucasia nearly was not influenced by this illness. In this way, Tsarist government took set of measures for additional improvement of sericulture in Russian Empire just as in Azerbaijan. For this reason numerous Tsarist officials were shipped off Azerbaijan to consider utilization expandability of crude material assets which was significant for Russian industry. They offered priority to the extension of crude silk fabricating in Azerbaijan as a focal point of silk industry in Caucasus and to fortifying its sell out.3 The Great Silk Road affected the set of experiences and improvement of various nations in Eurasia, and Azerbaijan on the grounds that few of the old Silk Road courses went through Azerbaijan. After the silkworm advanced toward Azerbaijan, silk producing turned into a gainful nearby business.4 Arab geographers and writers of the IX and X hundreds of years A.D. noted huge advancement of the silk business in Shemakha, Barda, Sheki and Ganja. Shemakha, specifically, before long turned into a significant silk exchanging business sector of the Silk Road. Traders from Iran, Afghanistan, Turkey, India, Central Asia, and Russia all came to Shemakha. Producers from Venice and Florence additionally came, buying crude silk at premium costs. Afterward, Sheki and Shemakha turned into the biggest silk-delivering focuses of the Caucasus. The antiquated city of Sheki safeguarded the old custom of sericulture. Sensitive textures, wonderful garments, vivid scarves kelaghai made by Sheki aces from crude silk were sent out to the numerous far off nations, and the city got celebrated for its silk everywhere on the world.5 Traditional silk habitats have been developed in Azerbaijan until 1990, notwithstanding, after the breakdown of the Soviet Union, practically all the industrial facilities were shut. Azerbaijani 2 Abdullaev G.B. Azerbaijan in the 18th century and relationship with Russia. Baku. AN Az. SSR, 1965 3 Afanasy Nikitin’s sail across the three seas 1466-1472 ed. USSR Academy of Sciences, M.-L., 1948 4 History of Azerbaijan. Volume 3, XIII-XVIII centuries, (ed. Hey. O.Afendiyev and others). Baku, Science, 1999 5 Avdeev M. Sericulture in Azerbaijan (1925/26 - 1929/30). Baku, Azpoligraftrest., 1926 | www.ejsr.org Azerbaijan’s Silk Industry …. 19 sericulture, numbering 1,500 years of history, confronted with the danger of annihilation. Be that as it may, presently, current and free Azerbaijan has again resuscitated the old customs of silk creation.6 For example, in Baskal town of Ismayilli locale the Museum of silk weaving was opened and reestablished all the whole chain of this work concentrated cycle and the custom of hand-made silk items. Silk texture is delivered from the strings got from casings of silkworm caterpillars. Their development requires extraordinary consideration and difficult work.7 Rich wellsprings of crude material in the region of Azerbaijan, made appropriate condition for creation of silk. The aim of the study is to determine historically importance of silk industry for Azerbaijan. The paper deals with the research in historical perspective exploring the background of the introduction of silkworm raising and silk production; who brought it into and through which routes and channels; where the main silk production were located and what was the influence upon Azerbaijan traditional economy and people’s daily life. Also included in the discourse is the present situation as well as strategy for future development discussed in the conclusion. Major methods and academic resources for the research The fruitful lead of any scientific research to a great extent relies upon the opportune arrangement of operational and complete data on the accomplishments of science and innovation, its viable use in research, improvement and creation undertakings. It is difficult to get a genuine thought of the best world and home- grown models of gear if the data about it is inadequate and mistaken and gotten late. Along these lines, an amazingly earnest errand is the advancement of a cross country arrangement of assortment, handling, stockpiling, viable inquiry and transmission of data dependent on the accomplishments of current PC innovation. Most scientific distributions contain an extensive and complete investigation of one issue or subject and possessed by at least one writer; topical assortments comprising of articles by different writers and committed to the introduction of a few issues of a specific point. Such distributions, in contrast to the monograph, don't cover the all themes; however inspect in detail its individual sides, which are the most particularly huge or significant. Content examination or a technique for quantitative investigation of the substance of a record was also used in this study. The embodiment of this technique is to ascertain the recurrence of units experienced in the test: letters, words, signs, blends of signs, terms, and so on. 6 Shakhmaliev .E. M. From the history of the trade policy of the European powers in the Near East in the 16th century, Baku, 1958 7 Aliyev .Z.H. Problems of Agriculture in Azerbaijan and the Prospects of Its Development. Journal of Plant Sciences and Crop Protection 2(1): (2019) .p.104 | www.ejsr.org 20 Wang SIMING , Faig AGHABALAYEV The featured units are organized in diving request of recurrence of their utilization in the content, for example a thesaurus is being shaped. Checking the results permit the perception of what is dissipated in the content and not obvious from the start. To contemplate a lot of records is acknowledged in statics and elements. Thus, when contemplating archives in statics, the idea of a variety of records emerges. The investigation of sources can be depicted as enlightening, since it remembers a quest for the wellspring of data for mix with a starter investigation of their substance. One of the easiest mechanical methods is the assortment of data sources. Systematization was also used, which is the requesting and gathering of all material gathered by substance and considering the arrangement of its utilization in the readiness of composed work. An efficient examination has two primary errands: an exhaustive check of the fulfilment of the determination of sources and a shallow check of the correspondence of their yield information. Tracking the read is the best strategy for handling the data contained in the sources utilized as the source in the readiness of the composed work: in the event that the perusing cycle is joined by obsession of chose places, at that point the unwavering quality of the osmosis of the read material increments altogether. By and large, subsequent to survey the records made, the researcher needs to make explanations in the underlying rendition of the rundown of beginning wellsprings of data. Eventually, these refinements come down to altering the substance of the rundown barring a few sources and adding others to it, which for reasons unknown were not included as the source. Any new scientific and specialized data about unique thoughts, realities, scientific outcomes, and so forth is one of the most significant