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Circular Economy Modelling to Accelerate the Transition of Ports Into Self-Sustainable Ports: a Case Study in Copenhagen-Malmö Port (CMP)

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Circular Economy Modelling to Accelerate the Transition of Ports Into Self-Sustainable Ports: a Case Study in Copenhagen-Malmö Port (CMP) World Maritime University The Maritime Commons: Digital Repository of the World Maritime University World Maritime University Dissertations Dissertations 11-5-2017 Circular economy modelling to accelerate the transition of ports into self-sustainable ports: a case study in Copenhagen-Malmö Port (CMP) Reza Karimpour Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations Part of the Regional Economics Commons, and the Transportation Commons Recommended Citation Karimpour, Reza, "Circular economy modelling to accelerate the transition of ports into self-sustainable ports: a case study in Copenhagen-Malmö Port (CMP)" (2017). World Maritime University Dissertations. 591. https://commons.wmu.se/all_dissertations/591 This Dissertation is brought to you courtesy of Maritime Commons. Open Access items may be downloaded for non- commercial, fair use academic purposes. No items may be hosted on another server or web site without express written permission from the World Maritime University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WORLD MARITIME UNIVERSITY MalmÖ, Sweden CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODELLING TO ACCELERATE THE TRANSITION OF PORTS INTO SELF-SUSTAINABLE PORTS A Case Study in Copenhagen-MalmÖ Port (CMP) By REZA KARIMPOUR Iran A dissertation submitted to the World Maritime University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MARITME AFFAIRS (MARITIME ENERGY MANAGEMENT) 2017 © Copyright Reza Karimpour, 2017 Declaration I certify that all the material in this dissertation that is not my own work has been identified, and that no material is included for which a degree has previously been conferred on me. The contents of this dissertation reflect my own personal views, and are not necessarily endorsed by the University. (Signature): Reza Karimpour (Date): 19.09.2017 Supervised by: Dr.Fabio Ballini World Maritime University : ii Acknowledgement I am thankful to my family for supporting me to study the Master Degree at the World Maritime University in Sweden. My sincere gratitude goes to my parents Mr. Rahim Karimpour and Mrs.Giti Nourpisheh Ghadimi for their substantial support and motivating me. I express my gratefulness and thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Fabio Ballini for believing in my research and also for his valuable guidance and information. I must deliver the deepest appreciation to Dr. Ölcer, the head of the Maritime Energy Management specialization, and also Dr. M.Kitada at the World Maritime University. I would like to deliver special thanks to Jennie Larsson, Petra König, Inger Battista, and all my friends who helped me in this pathway. iii Abstract Title of Dissertation: Circular Economy modelling to accelerate the transition of ports into self-sustainable energy ports – A case study in Copenhagen-Malmo Port (CMP) Degree: MSc Sustainability has been recently the main focus of developments in all industries. Sustainable relation between ports and ships is one of the emerging factor in maritime industry. Apart from city-port framework, there is hardly an independent mechanism for port sustainable development, specifically within the energy context. In last years, ship waste management and reduction of the negative externalities of the ships, have been among the priorities of the European ports. To address these issues, circular economy (CE) application in ports has gained a significant attention. This research will investigate the application of a CE model in the Copenhagen-Malmö Port, as a case study. The innovative State-of-Art model introduced in this research, deals with the feasibility of a circular economy loop to give added value to the large amount of the waste in Copenhagen-Malmö Port. The proposed model includes elements like waste management, port-owned biogas plant and cold ironing to close the waste-to-energy loop from/to ships. For different amounts of the wastes, three scenarios are assumed and investigated in Copenhagen-Malmö Port. Each scenario is followed with a cost-benefit analysis to show the feasibility of the CE model. The research concludes with the feasibility of the CE approach for the Copenhagen-Malmo Port and further analyse the benefits and costs of establishment such model for all scenarios. Keywords: Seaport, ship, waste management, circular economy, green biogas power plant, clean energy, shore-to-ship power supply, self-sustainability. iv Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Theoretical Framework ........................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Problem Statement .............................................................................................................. 7 1.4 The Objective ....................................................................................................................... 9 1.5 Research Question ............................................................................................................. 10 1.6 Research Scope and Challenges ......................................................................................... 11 1.7 Research methodology ...................................................................................................... 11 2. Literature Review ..................................................................................................................... 15 3. Circular economy approach for ports ...................................................................................... 21 3.1 Circular economy in ports, practices of EU ports ............................................................... 21 3.1.2 Regulations on waste management at ports .............................................................. 23 3.2 Circular economy overview of shipping sector .................................................................. 23 3.3 Circular economy drivers for Copenhagen-Malmö Port .................................................. 24 4. Circular economy model for case study of Copenhagen-Malmö Port ..................................... 27 4.1 Overview of the model for Copenhagen-Malmö Port ....................................................... 27 4.2 Waste Management on passenger ships in the Baltic Sea ................................................ 31 4.3 Waste management in Copenhagen-Malmö Port ............................................................. 38 4.4 Waste-to-Energy: Biogas power plant for Copenhagen-Malmö Port ................................ 41 4.5 Cold Ironing: Technical specification of installation for Copenhagen- Malmö Port .......... 49 5. Cost-Benefit analysis of circular economy modelling for Copenhagen-Malmö Port ............. 57 5.1 Cost analysis in Copenhagen-Malmö Port ......................................................................... 58 5.1.1 Cost of ship-originated waste management at CMP cruise terminals ........................ 58 5.1.2 Cost of Biogas Power Plant ......................................................................................... 60 5.1.3 Cost of Cold Ironing installation at CMP Oceankaj terminal ....................................... 62 5.1.4 External cost of cruise ships berthing in Copenhagen ................................................ 64 5.2 Benefit Analysis in Copenhagen-Malmö Port .................................................................... 69 v 5.2.1 Savings from cutting negative externality costs ......................................................... 69 5.2.2 Savings from electrical power sale to ships ................................................................ 70 5.2.3 Savings from waste collection in port area ................................................................. 73 5.2.4 Savings from selling the produced fertilizer to the agriculture industry .................... 73 5.3 Cost-Benefit Analysis .......................................................................................................... 75 6. Conclusion and Recommendations .......................................................................................... 81 7. Reference ................................................................................................................................. 85 Appendix. A .................................................................................................................................. 96 Appendix. B ................................................................................................................................ 101 Appendix. C ................................................................................................................................ 104 vi List of Tables Table 1 The primary and secondary data collection for this research ......................................... 12 Table 2 Regulations on discharge of food-waste into the sea in Annex V of MARPOL............ 34 Table 3 Food waste estimation for cruise ships ........................................................................... 34 Table 4 Overview of sewage per type of ships ........................................................................... 38 Table 5 Typical composition of Biogas ....................................................................................... 42 Table 6 Raw biogas
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