"Different where The Cross Chronicle it counts" Spring 2018 50th Anniversary Edition Volume 3, Issue 3 In loving memory of Mrs. Margaret Leger

2018: The Golden Milestone By Madeline Leo '18 and Joe Genua '18

In the fall of 2018, Holy Cross will celebrate its 50th anniversary. To pay tribute to the anniversary, the school will be hosting several events throughout the year. On Wednesday, May 16, Holy Cross held its 2018 Connecticut Alumni Reception at Tthe Country Club of Waterbury from 6 to 8 pm to Pictures of the event are posted to www.holycrosshs-ct.com. The alumni celebrations will continue next school year: the graduating classes of ‘78, ‘88, ‘98, and ‘08 will reconnect with peers, as well as commemorate the legacy of the school. Our 50th Anniversary Homecoming Weekend will be October 5-7th. In November, Holy Cross will hold a Thanksgiving Eve Liturgy, the Thanksgiving Day home football game and more activities. The most awaited event will be The Golden Gala on March 30th at the Aqua Turf in Southington as a fundraiser, auction, and dinner dance. The event is organized by the Parents Clubs, Alumni, and the Advancement Office. Holy Cross’ very own Vice President for Advancement, Mrs. Cary Fappiano, and Director of Alumni and Special Events, Mr. Michael Phelan, are alumni themselves. Many alumni events will celebrate the Holy Cross of yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Mr. Phelan describes why he is excited about the upcoming events: “It’s exciting reconnecting with the alumni, hearing their memories and the positive impact the Holy Cross experience had on their lives. Working with alumni is a constant reminder of all the good we do here on Oronoke Road.” The Holy Cross event committee is working very hard to make the events special and give an opportunity for Crusaders to reconnect and reminisce. Stay up to date with events through the Holy Cross website. If anyone wishes to participate in the planning, contact Michael Phelan ‘89 at [email protected] to join the committee.

Holy Cross Is on a Mission By: Riley Fasano '18

Holy Cross was founded on a very specific mission: educate students in body, mind, and soul. Holy Cross was founded by the Brothers of Holy Cross, one of the youngest schools founded by their organization. The heart of their mission is to be educators in the faith. They also want to scaffold the development of the “whole person in mind, body, and spirit.” Blessed Basil Moreau believed that while the way students are educated will evolve, the way they grow into well-rounded individuals will always be through the help of their faith. He wanted students to be prepared to use their faith to guide them throughout their lives. Blessed Basil Moreau believed “How we educate the mind will change with the times; how we cultivate the heart is and will remain timeless.” Little did he know that there would be 92 Holy Cross schools worldwide. Holy Cross provides an excellent academic program. Athletics and arts programs value teamwork and creativity and service-based programs strengthen our community's commitment to God. As a Catholic school, our school instills in students the teachings of Jesus Christ and his love for all humans. While our student population is currently 66% Catholic, there are many other faiths and denominations represented. Holy Cross accepts all religions and faiths, which makes our community very special and diverse. Mr. Joseph Carrah, the Theology Department Chair and teacher at our school, provided some valuable insights. When asked if he thought the mission is taught differently now than it was 50 years ago, he provided an excellent response, “I believe the most enduring quality and strength of Holy Cross is that the mission has remained the same since the school’s GUESS WHO? inception and that the school has remained faithful in carrying it out.” He On each page, try to identify that alumni went on to explain, “I would say that the mission is lived rather than photo. The answer key on page 15. taught. We are imitating Jesus who himself said that he came to serve and not be served and to be an example for us to follow. Jesus tells us that whatever we do to anyone, we do to Him. By living our mission we show our love for God through love of neighbor.” Flashback Features Page 2 1968: 'What's Goin' On' By: Madeline Leo '18

According to CNN, 1968 was one of the most historic years in modern American history. That same year, the presidential election was considered to be the most chaotic. In the end, Lyndon B. Johnson outnumbered Hubert Humphrey in votes and won. Earlier in the year, North Korea captured the American surveillance ship USS Pueblo, which heightened the Cold War tensions. The surviving passengers were then tortured and starved by a North Korean camp. Fortunately, after 11 months, the crew was allowed to safely return once America acknowledged they were spying. After the crew members returned home in time for Christmas, the US immediately retracted those acknowledgements. On April 4th, Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. Two months later, his shooter, James Earl Ray was caught and imprisoned due to fingerprints left at the scene of the crime. He pleaded guilty in attempt to avoid a death sentence. He served jail time until his death in 1998, when he died of liver failure. Similarly, Robert F. Kennedy’s assassination in Los Angeles occurred on June 5. After giving a speech at the Ambassador Hotel, Kennedy was shot in the back and the head by a Jordanian Palestinian named Sirhan Sirhan. Kennedy underwent brain surgery, but died 26 hours after the attack. Sirhan was convicted and sentenced to life in prison in 1972 and he is still serving time in a California prison. Courtesy of Google Images

During the Summer Olympics in Mexico City, two black athletes staged a silent demonstration against racial discrimination in America. The two athletes held their fists up defiantly during the National Anthem, which resulted in them both being disqualified by the International Olympic Committee. Tommie Smith and John Carlos were both expelled from Team USA, but hailed as heroes in the African-American community. “Star Trek”, the popular NBC show that aired for the first time in 1966, marked a milestone in 1968 with its first interracial kiss in television history. William Shatner played Captain Kirk in the series. In an episode, Nichelle Nichols plays Lt. Nyota Uhura and her character was scripted to kiss Kirk. In late September, the Boeing 747 jumbo jet made aviation history by becoming the world’s largest passenger aircraft. It weighed 300 tons and held 374 passengers. It made its first flight on February 9, 1969 in Washington state near Boeing’s factory. Ending the year with a bang, Apollo 8 launched. Jim Lovell, Bill Anders, and Frank Borman became known as the first three Americans to orbit the moon. Apollo 8 was also the first to take photos of Earth from deep space and broadcast the lunar surface on live television on the day before Christmas. Lovell is known for his famous “Houston, there is a Santa Claus." This American marvel rounding out 1968, began advancements in spacecrafts for decades to Guess Who? come.

1968 vs. 2018: How Times Have Changed By Riley Fasano '18

Over the past 50 years, there have been many events that drastically impacted America's economy resulting in inflation. Below (left) the consumer price chart compares prices from 1968 to 2018. The historical events chart below (right) also reflects other ways the times have changed. Crusader Features Page 3

Girls Come to Town

By Juliana Casalino '18 He Said: Mr. Joseph Marino, who has been a teacher at Holy Cross High School for 14 years was also a student here in 1975. Previously an all male, private high school, Holy Cross experienced drastic changes starting in the fall of 1975. Mr. Marino, who was a senior at the time, recalls the exact moment Holy Cross High School changed forever. He reflected that the change was one for the better. He remembers being called into the auditorium to be informed of the radical change, "The boys who once walked around with mismatched blazers and shirts, suddenly had to get a new wardrobe to impress the girls." These boys had to make the transition. The men of Holy Cross High School would be joining with the women of Catholic High School to evolve into a new, coeducational high school for Waterbury and the surrounding areas.

She Said: Sister Patricia Jamele, CND (or as we call her, Sister Pat) who has been at Holy Cross High School since the merger in 1975, explains how she, just like Mr. Marino, remembers when the girls entered into the Holy Cross family along with how the change felt. Being a new teacher at Waterbury Catholic High School when the two schools merged, she was excited for the switch. From a teacher's perspective, she worried how the young ladies would react in the different setting, "Teaching styles also varied between the two schools. Waterbury Catholic was freer and more adaptable, whereas the boys at Holy Cross were taught with structure and discipline... The Brothers of Holy Cross felt they could not control the girls because they were not used to teaching girls. When the two schools merged, there were 10 sisters and 26 brothers who had to work together to make the transfer a great one." Sister Pat says she, along with the rest of the sisters, were excited to join together because they were, “young and enthusiastic.” Years later, she still says she and the brothers were, “devoted to the mission of Catholic education.”

Pictures courtesy of the Holy Cross website and Todd Santa Maria '94 Facility Features Page 4 Art Takes Its Course Through Holy Cross By: Julia Flynn '19 Changes throughout Holy Cross High School have created greater opportunities for not only students but for teachers as well. Mr. Michael Marseglia, the Art Department Chair, has been working at Holy Cross for 39 years. He recalls the drastic changes involving the construction of the new Art Center, built from July of Oronoque 1979 Yearbook Oronoque 2004 Yearbook ‘03 to July of ‘04, “It’s a completely different world than what I was in from the very beginning says Mr. Marseglia, as he shared his experience of being a part of the Art Department before and after the renovations and location change. Before renovations, the space where art classes were held was small, cramped, and the size of half a classroom. There weren’t many supplies and options for storage in the old, dusty space. The new rooms offer so much more. Mr. Marseglia states, “We have a chance to be more organized than we ever were.” While the rooms sizes expanded, so did the students’ perspectives. Mr. Marseglia continues, “A lot more growth is taking place that I’ve witnessed.” The new space provides so much more than the obvious things like storage, sinks, larger tables, and natural light. “Storage space, air space, just everything here has been great for my students.” The change from little to no artificial light to an abundance of natural light was just one feature that allowed students to reach their full potential, Mr. Marseglia explained, “It’s a hundred percent, it’s a thousand percent better.” Incoming artists now have a much better chance to create amazing artwork with the added benefits of this new facility, “It’s the element. It’s the facility. It’s the space.” The atrium displays many of the students' artwork in glass cases. Before the addition, Mr. Marseglia and his professional partner for 21 years, Ms. Rosanne Shea, only had a small glass case in the front of the school to showcase roughly five or six pieces of art. Ms. Shea organizes and hosts the annual "Arts on Oronoke" to showcase the work of students, alumni, and staff. For 41 years, the art program has flourished. The facility and the efforts of its innovative faculty foster a welcoming, professional environment that inspires new generations of Crusader artists.

Holy Cross’ Tech Trek By Madeline Leo '18 In 2018, Iphones and laptops have become items necessary in every home for both recreation and research. Over the last 50 years, Technological advancements have been incredible, not only globally but at Holy Cross. It is likely that as Holy Cross’ legacy continues, technology will evolve. Televisions in the 1950’s began an era of furthering technology. In the 1980’s, computers became a common form of word processing in most households. Holy Cross caught onto the trend in the 1996-1997 school year when the school added six computers to the library. Students considered this a big change, and also a “totally rad” one. In the early 2000s, the computer lab became a hot spot at the school. Teachers noticed that the use of technology complemented academics, and many believed the application of computers should be incorporated into the curriculum. It was decided that students had to take a course in technology. Every student in freshman or sophomore year was required to take a course to learn about Microsoft Word for basic word processing skills. Although it was mandatory to attend, students loved the idea because of the new interest in computers. Classes such as Desktop Publishing, Computer Science, Automated Accounting Two, and Excel were offered as electives. Holy Cross also made available a class known as Computer Applications, that taught basic knowledge of hardware, programming, spreadsheets, scanners, and databases. Each class was filled to capacity, and sometimes were forced to create additional sections for its high demand.

The students had much more access than they thought and they loved it. With the two computer labs open all day long, they were able to work before classes in the morning and after school. In 2018, students utilize the school computers and their own personal devices. For assignments, the access to the printer and copy machine help not only the students, but teachers as well. The language lab also makes a Spanish lesson more fun. In the next few years, our school will go 1:1 (one device per student). Holy Cross is a place for education, and it provides only the best for its students, so as technology improves, so will Holy Cross. GUESS WHO? Holy Cross Today! Fall 2003/Winter 2004 Vol. 15-No. 1 Program Feature Page 5 A Change In Tone By: Kayla Bromley '18

“ Over the years many students came specifically to HC to participate in these programs, and often their middle school music teachers would recommend that they consider the performing arts at HC. In a way, HC was a big fish in a small pond. While administrative support for the performing arts at any school can often be a source of frustration, the amount of community support and feedback for the HC music program always put it at a place of high distinction as it was considered one of the strong selling points of a HC education, by the public, faculty, and administrators.” - Joseph Jacovino, former Holy Cross Music Department Director

In 1979, there were approximately 1,500 students attending Holy Cross High School. Of those students, about 100 were members of the concert band. There was a training band of about 16 young players, and a choral group of about 90 singers. For several years, Holy Cross also had a marching band. Students were able to participate in a guitar ensemble, piano classes, and music technology classes as well. Since then, with the obvious decline in attending students and a decrease in class sizes, the music department has seen a downtrend in the number of students who participate. Over the past four years, there have been multiple disruptions to the department, including a rotating staff of faculty and directors who work with the students. Any fluctuation or constant changing of music faculty over short spans of time may have a direct impact upon the strength and overall health of the program. Whether we see it or not, music is ingrained into multiple activities within the school, such as sporting events and religious services. When asked if she believes that the music department is an integral part of the school and influential to its students, Miss Brazauskas, the current head of the HC Music Department, stated that she believes that it is essential “in any school.” She mentioned that the accessibility to music education provides a perfect outlet for creative minds, and she wishes students were confident enough to participate in the program. Mr. Jacovino echoes the same belief, saying, “Many conclusive studies have shown that participation in music and the performing arts have many positive life-long effects upon the human mind, heart, and soul. Music can be a life-long hobby, and one can participate in it at any age, and at many levels of involvement in our society. Music participation builds self-esteem, character, team spirit, and a feeling of belonging among its participants.” Students need to step out of their comfort zone in order to increase the numbers within the program. “It’s scary to let yourself be you, especially in today’s society,” says Miss Brazauskas. “There is a social stigma around the music department. Many believe you have to be a nerd, or an ‘art-type’, or you can only participate if you’re good, which isn’t the case at all. The music department never turns anyone away, and it has shown to be a judgement free zone and a place of solace for stressed or anxious students.” Furthermore, students lack motivation to support the music department, as many are committed to other activities or would rather stay home and witness the event through social media. Perhaps providing free tickets to performances and concerts for students (maybe by wearing a Holy Cross spirit shirt) can help kick-start an increase in attendance to these events. When considering the future of the music department, Miss Brazauskas would like to “modernize” the program by adding a recording studio. “It isn’t difficult to set up, and students would then be able to learn about audio engineering and production, as well as provide an opportunity for students to record their own music.” She would also like to incorporate more student-run events and organizations, such as bell choir and the annual Coffee House.

“My favorite part was seeing the amazing musical progress and personal growth that students made during the very short span of 4 years at HC. While making music was always the outward challenge, educating students, and seeing their love for the performing arts grow, was the biggest reward. I worked with many incredibly talented musicians during my 35 years as music director. They had just as strong an impact upon me as I hope I might have had upon them. We also performed some wonderful musical repertoire over the years, the emotional memories of which will remain with me always.” - Mr. Jacovino

“As a composer and performer, it’s very fulfilling when you’re dedicated to your craft. It’s inspiring to see that here with my students as well. It’s the road less traveled but their dedication to their art is amazing. It’s almost like a secret club because not everyone understands, but we do. The versatility and teamwork of these students is admirable and I am honored to be a part of it.” - Miss Brazauskas Sports Features Page 6

All photos courtesy of John Greene Baseball Victory That Made History By: Julia Flynn '19

The Holy Cross Baseball Team has transformed significantly since the Not only baseball, but in every sport program here at Holy Cross, there school’s opening in 1968. are players who love the sports they play. The feeling manifests in their The spring of 2017 marked how far sports like baseball have grown. playing which ultimately benefits the entire team. Coach Phelan The Holy Cross High School Boys Varsity Baseball Team won its first State continues by saying, “Baseball has become more of a year round sport Championship in the history of the school. Throughout Holy Cross’ history, ...They’re dedicated and spend a lot of time in the off season, working there have been a total of three coaches, the most recent being Coach hard so they’re prepared for the regular season.” Michael Phelan. The State Championship in the spring of 2017 showcased years of The State Championship game was played against Lyman Memorial commitment from the players past and present. The boys on the team High School at Palmer Field in Middletown. The score at the end of the strove for a common goal. There was another reason to be ecstatic. game was 13-9. The starters in the infield were Christopher Flynn as Coach Michael Phelan describes how it felt to finally win the pitcher, Brian Parzyck as catcher, Matthew Bonvicini as first basemen, championship after all these years, “It was amazing, we talked about it Fran Phelan at second base, Michael Keating at third, and Matthew every single year at the beginning of practice, that we needed to get a Cipriano playing shortstop. In the outfield, Connor Goggin was in left field, banner on the gym wall for the team and for the alumni because there Adam Razza was in center field, and Timothy Zupkus was in right field. have been so many great players who walked the halls here and played Jim Harris and Jim Shove were coaches before Coach Phelan, who has baseball for Holy Cross. We worked hard for it and achieved our goal.” worked here for twenty-four years, became the Junior Varsity Coach in the Coach Phelan concluded his reflection, “I had a great group of spring of 1995 and the Varsity Head Coach in 2005. Coach Phelan was seniors, I had nine seniors last year and they were great men, they’re originally an assistant coach under Coach Shove and they discussed their going to be successful in life and I’m proud of them, we wouldn’t change similar strategies, “We do a lot of the same things. I don’t think much has a thing.” changed as far as the program. We always say that we strive to be the best players we can be on and off the field. It was that way when I was a player and coach.” The program has thrived with the distinguished groups of hard working and talented players. As Coach Phelan says, “I think the program is successful because we have talented athletes and I think we do have hard working players. You know they’re dedicated to baseball and Sports Through The Years that makes them very successful in high school as well as in college.” 1968-69 Boys Sports Fall: Cross Country Winter: Basketball & Swimming and Diving Spring: Outdoor Track and Field

2017-18 Girls Sports Fall: Soccer, Cross Country, Volleyball, & Swimming and Diving Winter: Basketball, Indoor Track and Field, Dance, & Cheerleading GUESS WHO? Spring: Outdoor Track and Field, Softball, Tennis, & Lacrosse

2017-18 Boys Sports Fall: Soccer, Cross Country, & Football Winter: Basketball, Indoor Track and Field, Swimming and Diving, & Wrestling Spring: Outdoor Track and Field, Baseball, Tennis, Lacrosse, & Golf Flashback Sports: 1968 Olympics Page 7

Olympics

By Kevon Killian '18

The 1968 Olympics mirrored the advancements in Civil Rights for American citizens. In 1968, the games were held in Mexico City and were dominated by men. The ratio of competitors, men to women was 4,735 to 781. In 2012, the ratio was very respectable at 5,992 to 4,776, men to women. The Women's Rights Movement fought hard for equal treatment as workers and as professional athletes. Women can now participate in sports like basketball, handball, and hockey. Even with the Civil Rights Act of 1963, African Americans and Civil Rights activists fought for the equal treatment of African Americans. On October 16, 1968, Tommie Smith created an iconic moment in history by raising his fist with a black glove on the pedestal after earning a gold medal in the 200m. John Carlos performed the same action after winning the bronze. Other countries realized just what was occurring in The States. African American Athletes used the live broadcast to denounce racism and to remind African Americans of their worth and power. Today, no one has to think about raising their fists or why women are not welcome to participate in as many events as men. Even though the world and America are not perfect when it comes to equal rights, Tommie Smith's and Picture courtesy of the Associated Press John Carlos' action stand out as one of the many brave deeds that helped change Left to right. Peter Norman (Australian silver winner), Tommie the course of history. Smith (American gold winner) and John Carlos Bronze (American bronze winner )

Dark

By Kevon Killian '18

(A Tribute to Tommie Smith)

Black glove with my black fist in the air, They know what’s going on here, but would never dare, When I ran down the track, they would clap and stare, But walking down street my own street, they would stop and glare, GUESS WHO? But it’s more than being black, It’s more than what’s on a plaque, It’s more than silent gestures, It’s more than sprinting on a track, It’s about being human instead of forming your pacts, You wrote about being equal but you’re disobeying the facts, So forget what you know for a second and use your heart, Forget the finish line, start thinking about the start, Hear the words you say, feel the gestures you taunt, And see it from my eyes, the way it feels to be dark. Features: Sign of the Times Page 8

Apollo 8: Hope for Humanity

By Jenna Rohlman '18

In 1968, Zond 5 became the first spacecraft to orbit the moon and return to earth. During 1968, technological advances progressed to the founding of Intel Corporation and the first Boeing 747 jumbo jets that soared across oceans. However, it was a flight in space that captivated imaginations and provide temporary relief to the people in the United States and around the world. When NASA heard that the Soviets were “planning a circumlunar flight”, they changed the course of Apollo 8 from an Earth-orbital mission to a lunar- orbital mission. This mission was planned for late December and took three days to travel to the moon. This flight was not only a reconnaissance mission but also tested the equipment that brought them effectively to the moon. The three men on this mission were Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, and William Anders. President Johnson watched the takeoff from the Oval Office from three televisions set to three different networks aired the takeoff on December 21st. Mark Updegrove said, “It is something that the United States and the world desperately needs in 1968, when it seems like everything is coming apart.” Courtesy of Google Images

When Frank Borman was asked about his thoughts on seeing the moon, he said “Of course it captured our imagination. The sight of the moon was truly mesmerizing." When Christmas came four days later, Borman, who was still in Apollo with the rest of the men, hosted a telecast that would be listened to by many Americans. In the telecast, Borman started by saying “This is Apollo 8, coming to you live from the moon.” and described how the moon symbolized different, deeper emotions for each of the astronauts. Towards the end of the broadcast, Borman read the first ten verses of Genesis before saying Merry Christmas. On December 27, Frank Borman, Jim Lovell, and William Anders landed in the Pacific Ocean. Once they were picked up, the heroes flew back to Houston aboard a C-140. Later, in New York City, the members of Apollo 8 were celebrated with a parade for their accomplishments. Borman noted, “It was a humbling thing to be recognized by so many people.” This flight gave hope to humanity for a better future and launched us to the next step of landing on the moon a year later.

Reinvented President By Joe Genua '18

Fifty years ago the country was led by Lyndon B. Johnson, a moderate democrat. Former President Johnson and our current President Trump differ in political views when it comes to handling domestic issues. Our 36th president held opposing views to our 45th president. Trump focuses strongly on stricter punishments towards crime, as well as endorsing the right to bear arms. He disagrees in prioritizing environmental concerns.

Over the course of fifty years, the country and its citizens met the challenges such climate change, crime, and health care. Politically, Americans may appear to be regressing. The LBJ and Trump presidencies reflect different ideologies. Marginalized Americans express the opinion that the presidencies did not address their concerns. There seems to be a growing dissatisfaction with the distance between the government and the average citizen.

Courtesy of The Stream

GUESS WHO? Perspectives Page 9 Keeping The Dream Alive By Folade Olusanya '20

Yolanda Renee King, Martin Luther King Jr’s nine year old granddaughter, eloquently reflected, “My grandfather had a dream that his four little children will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. I have a dream that enough is enough,” she said “and that this should be a gun-free world – period.” Fifty years after their grandfather’s assassination Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr’s family works to honor his dream for equality for all people. Yolanda Renee King, Martin Luther King III, and Bernice King continue to preserve Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King’s legacy. Yolanda Renee King, Martin Luther King Jr’s granddaughter, spoke briefly at the “March for Our Lives Rally” in Washington D.C. on March 24, 2018 about her dream for safe schools for all students. Yolanda’s brother, Martin Luther King III, strives to denounce social injustices such as poverty. He currently serves as the founding president and CEO of “Realizing the Dream, Inc.” He also produced the “Poverty in America,” documentary, inspired by his father’s “Poor People Campaign”. His international program, “The Second Generation Global Peace Initiative" invites the legacy of 20th century peacemakers like the grandchildren of Gandhi, Kennedy, and Trudeau, to discuss solutions to global crises. Bernice King, the youngest child of the late Reverend and Coretta King, is Bernice King; she serves as the CEO of “The Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change” in their home state, Georgia. The legacy of the respected Reverend demonstrates that passion, pacifism and resistance to inequities wins out over violent means. Daisy 2001: Space Odyssey Film Review By Joe Genua '18 In 1968, Stanley Kubrick's film told the tale of an expedition leading to a showdown between man and machine. When a group of astronauts are sent into space on a mysterious mission, they are accompanied by the world’s most advanced supercomputer, the HAL 9000. Throughout the trek, the AI beings to develop strange and unusual behavior, causing for difficulties aboard the ship. While the film was released April 3, 1968, Kubrick’s vision showcases a great example of timelessness. The set design of the spacecraft was groundbreaking. Exterior and interior scenes alike strike viewers. The cinematography of this film is on another level compared to other films made in 1968. Geoffrey Unsworth and John Alcott created life-like futuristic and prehistoric settings. The shots evoke stunning imagery. The vibrant colors add a sense of reality to their world. This icon of cinema is also well known for its unconventional score. Kubrick chose to use classical music while editing the scenes. That worked so well in fact, that he kept using it throughout his film-making career. The score brings very little to the narrative itself. Scores made today are used to tell a story, to give a bit more life and excitement to scenes. What Kubrick accomplished here was mixing something the audience knew well with something they did not. He managed to take two contrasting ideas and blend them together showing his innovative creativity. Many fans defend Kubrick's choice of being more symbolic. Kubrick tries to capture the constant struggle for power and dominance. This is shown the most in the third act of a four act film, during the raid of the HAL 9000 against the astronauts. Kubrick brings about tension and thrill using a sweet, loving voice for the HAL, and contrasting that with sinister, dreadful motives. Everything about the HAL was creepy all the way up to its shutting down where the audience is given that sense of relief. None of the film is static, leaving the bare minimum that Kubrick wanted to give. He uses the segments of isolation and detachment throughout the middle of his film, mirroring the vast darkness surrounding the world. In the final act, Kubrick completely switches up the style of his film. The Monolith that causes these events that the crew were looking for to begin with is never truly explained. It can be said that Kubrick used it as a symbolic doorway to change. The film never was truly about giving the audience answers, but about observation, allowing it to transcend to a point where it truly is up to the viewer to find the truth in it. 2001: A Space Odyssey is a space epic that has inspired the representation of science fiction for the rest of film history. It is considered to be a true art house film, with high aesthetic and intellectual stimulation. Kubrick’s film is a true classic that stands as a timeless representation of life, survival, and extinction.

GUESS WHO? Courtesy of Google Images Music Page 10

'Play That Funky Music' By Madeline Leo '18

In the 1940’s, vinyl records made their way to the racks when Columbia introduced the 33-1/3 RPM long-playing record. Records were incredibly popular for years but they later died out after the newest device, the portable transistor radio, was designed. Vinyl records came back only recently to the delight of those who enjoy the aesthetic of analog recordings. Record stores are still quite popular with Generation Z for their vintage feel. The portable transistor radio, created by I.D.E.A. in 1954, featured an analog AM tuner. It was called The Regency TR-1 Radio and it came in a variety of colors shortly after its release. It began at pearl white, then mint, and light purple. It initially sold for $49.95, which is equivalent to about $325 in 2018. This began an era of portable music players. Henry Kloss invented the first transistorized portable stereo called KLH Model 11 in 1962. It featured a record player, amplifier, and two speakers that were able to fold up into a suitcase-like carrier for transport. Rather than batteries, this music player ran on A/C power. A few years later, the Philips Compact Cassette was released in 1965 for recording dictations. The player only recorded 45 minutes of sound on a single ⅛th inch tape. Shortly after, Norelco released its Carry-Corder 150 cassette recorder. It ran on 5 batteries and weighed a total of 3 lbs. On Philips cassettes, Mercury Records put out a selection of tapes that sold for 6 each. These 8-track tapes made it possible to listen to music in the car.

Sony became known for its miniaturization of devices and later miniaturized the cassette player. In 1979, they created the Walkman TPS-L2, which allowed portable self-contained music and lightweight headphones. The design was originally priced at 33,000 Japanese Yen, which is $274 US Dollars. After its release, many companies attempted imitations. Compact discs, introduced in 1983, made Sony notice it needed to “up” its game. CDs offered better sound quality than the cassette tapes. The D-50 portable player released exactly one year after compact discs and became popular almost immediately. In 1992, Sony created the mini-disc, which played for a shorter duration. The mini-disc was lighter and made from less plastic than a compact disc, so it was favored for a short time. A Korean company called Saehan created the first ever MP3 Player that sold in stores the summer of 1998. The player was called the MPMan and it allowed for people to pick and choose which specific songs they would like to hear. The player connected to the computer and allowed for songs to transfer to a file. The MP3 Player was incredibly popular and loved until Apple joined the game in 2001. The Apple Ipod had features different from the MP3 Player. The Ipod was able to hold 5-10 gigabytes and a scrolling wheel for selection. The wheel would be spun or tapped to change a song, to pause or play a song, or rewind a song. The sleek white design by Steve Jobs looked more appealing than other players. GUESS Apple later released its iPod Classic 2 in 2002. The next year, the iTunes Store was created for people to WHO? purchase songs legally for only 99 cents per song. Once again in 2007, Apple changed it up. With touchscreen and app purchasing, the iPod Touch was released. This player was not only meant for music, but game play, movies, and social media. Since then, Apple has not released any more music players. iPhones include all the apps you may need, especially music. Apple released on iPhones a general price for a month’s worth of music called Apple Music. The cost is $10 a month for a single person to download any songs with no limit to the amount of songs. Teen Culture Page 11 Dancing through the Decades

By Jenna Rohlman ' 18

As the 36th prom at Holy Cross nears, the anticipation awaits those who are already buying prom dresses, planning promposals, and more. Ever since the beginning of proms at Holy Cross, prom has always been one of the most looked forward to occasions of our high school. Still, changes in transportation, fashion, and dating trends continue. To get a better picture of what prom was like in the past, I chose four teachers at Holy Cross to interview about their prom experiences and get their perspective regarding today's prom culture. I also held a short interview with a current senior at Holy Cross who went to the prom last year. After conducting these interviews, I discovered how this rite of passage has changed.

Interview 1: Interview 2: With Mr. Marino on February 2, 2018. With Mrs. O’Loughlin on March 20, 2018. Mr. Marino attended prom in 1976. Here are his thoughts on Mrs. O'Loughlin went to prom in 1982 and 1983. prom: J: What was your transportation to prom? J: What was your transportation to prom? O: Each time I went to prom, my date drove me because there were no teen driving M: I drove a 1962 Ford Falcon because everyone drove restrictions at the time. themselves to prom. J: What were the theme songs of the proms? J: What songs were played? O: My first prom theme song was Clapton’s “Wonderful Tonight” and the following M: The most popular song that was played was “Stairway to prom had the Beatles’ “The Long and Winding Road.” Heaven.” J: How was the average price for a prom dress? And were there any popular styles? J: Were there any popular dances? O: Eighty dollars and floral prints were definitely in style. M: Saturday night fever, the hustle, and the disco were J: Would you say there was a pressure to get a date? popular dances. O: Definitely. Going alone, or with a group of friends, never seemed to be an option. J: What did you wear to prom, were there any popular J: Where was your prom? styles? O: Both were at the Aqua Turf but they were held on separate dates because of how M: I wore a blue ruffled tuxedo shirt with black pants. The large our classes were. most popular colors people wore at prom were yellow, J: How would you say prom has changed from your prom to now? ivory, and blue and bell bottoms and platform shoes were O: Not very much has changed at the actual event. Perhaps this is because the venue commonly worn. has remained the same. Of course fashion and music are a bit different now. But J: How would you say prom has changed from your prom to what is striking to me is that “promposals” didn’t exist in the 80s. The act of asking, now? and being asked, was much more understated than today! M: There are different ways of transportation to prom, more J: Are there any other comments you have? local venues to have prom, and girls can now go alone or O: I have always wondered when we dropped “the”; and why exactly the event that with a group of friends. However, the prices of dresses are people of my age group attended was “the” prom, and why today our students attend “ridiculous” and overall the cost of prom has increased. “prom”.

Interview 3: With Mrs. McGarrity on February 2, 2018. Mrs. McGarrity went to prom in 1992 and 1993. Here are her thoughts on prom: J: What was your transportation to prom? M: I took a limo. J: What songs were played? M: “Open Arms” was the theme for my junior prom. Other songs played were by Janet Jackson and Boyz II Men. J: What was the average price for a prom dress? M: The price range was between $100-300 dollars for a prom dress. J: Would you say there was a pressure to get a date? M: I don’t think we really viewed it as pressure. No one went alone or in groups. J: Where was your prom? M: Both of the proms I went to were at the Aqua Turf. J: Did it have the same setup it has for prom now? M: Yes, the setup was quite similar. J: How would you say prom has changed from your prom to now? M: Prom has not changed much actually. We did have separate proms because of the size of the classes and party buses were not a thing back then. Courtesy of Mrs. McGarrity '93 Teen Culture Page 12 Interview 4: Interview 5: With Miss O’Connell on February 6, 2018. With Solomina Darko, who is currently a senior at Holy Cross. Miss O'Connell went to prom in 2003, 2004, and 2005. Here are her Solomina went to prom last year. Here are her thoughts on prom: thoughts on prom: J: After reading the other interviews, do you see a big change in J: What was your transportation to prom? our prom culture? O: I drove to prom with my date. S: Yes, I think it’s more commercialized because there’s more J: What types of songs were played? emphasis on the preparations for prom than the actual event. O: A lot of pop songs. What I do remember is we didn’t get a lot of slow People worry about getting their nails done, buying the perfect songs which I think should have been added to space things out. dress, renting a limo, and guys worry about making promposals. However, it was a pretty good mix [of songs]. And now people worry about what happens after prom including J: What were the popular styles of prom dresses? after parties and where they are going to stay. And more O: Floral dresses and ball gowns with beading were popular. attention and money is being put onto those things than enjoying J: How expensive was your prom dress? the four hour event itself. O: My favorite prom dress was about 120 dollars and it was very plain but pretty. My most expensive prom dress was 350 dollars that my mom got me as a gift for senior year. The rest of my dresses were less than 200 dollars. J: What are your thoughts on the price of prom dresses now? O: It’s just crazy to me to spend that kind of money on a dress that you’re typically going to wear once. J: Would you say there was pressure to get a date? O: It was definitely a thing to have a date. It was far less common to go without a date. However, nobody did the whole promposal thing back then. Instead it was a casual remark of “Hey wanna go to prom with me?” J: What was one of the themes of prom? O: My senior year prom theme was “Stairway to Heaven” and my dad made fun of my friends and me because that was his prom song when it was new and popular. J: Do you have any other thoughts on prom in general? O: It really is just a glorified dance. All the fun is how pretty the place is and getting ready. J: Where were your proms? O: The junior prom was at the Ponte Club and the senior prom was at the Aqua Turf. J: Did your prom have a photo booth like we do now? O: We did not have a photo booth. Professional photos were taken instead with the classic prom poses. I love the photo booth idea and they Courtesy of Solomina Darko '18 make the best souvenirs, you shouldn’t have to pay a lot of money for pictures. After conducting these interviews, I believe that prom J: How would you say prom has changed from your prom to now? represents a commercialized rite of passage. Today, the prom O: In my opinion, it’s less popular than it used to be although now I feel dresses people are more expensive despite the fact that they like it has made a comeback in popularity. One of the main differences is will most likely only be worn for that one night at prom. Girls people putting extra stress on things like "promposals" on top of the worry about getting their makeup done and their hair put up situation that’s supposed to just be fun. I feel like nowadays people just right. Guys also stress about creating a grand promposal spend a ridiculous amount of money on the dresses and that is a glaring to ask their date. Thinking that if it doesn’t go well, the difference to me. It blows my mind, there’s no way I could ever see $500 person they asked will decline their offer. Getting ready for dollars being spent on a dress. prom with the makeup and hair and the grand promposals are only the preparations for the event. With much of the emphasis being put on these trivial aspects, it leads to the meaning of the event being lost in the shuffle. Instead of worrying about how one looks, they should just have fun with their friends. The meaning of prom is to spend a night being carefree having fun with their classmates--especially for the seniors who might not get the chance again to dance the night Courtesy of Miss O' Connell '05 away with their classmates. Letter to the Reader Page 13 The Cycle of Student Protests Dear Reader, With all of the turmoil occurring because of school shootings in recent memory, there have been many student protests. As a country, we have been here before, so people easily forget the history of student protests. In 1963, The Children’s March in Birmingham, Alabama was organized to fight segregation. This outcry was called, the “Children’s Crusade.” Thousands of children trained in Martin Luther King Jr’s principles of nonviolence in preparation for this event. The young protesters were not met with a peaceful response from city officials, to say the least. On the first day, hundreds of kids were arrested. The Commissioner of Public Safety, Bull O’Connor, ordered police officers to spray the children with water hoses and hit them with batons. I am baffled how the person who controls public safety can promote violence, but the times have changed since the 1960s. These kids had to really fight for change. During the 1960s, students were outraged because of the Vietnam War. While many men bravely volunteered to serve our country, others who disagreed with the War were terrified of he military draft.” Nationally, college students formed organizations. One of the most well known organizations was the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS). Organizing events of this magnitude was hard during this time period. Without social media or smart phones, events were spread by mail and word of mouth. One can say that for thousands of children to be a part of these events, it had to be very well organized and attended. So now here we are in 2018 in the midst of our own predicament. Many of us are looking for change. Like youth protests of the 1960s, current protests have been met with disapproval. Many adults still think of these protests as uninformed, irrational, and juvenile. This mindset can be changed if our youth continue to fight it with the same persistence of 1960's youth. The children from “March For Our Lives” have sparked a new light by fighting for what they believe is the right thing. Even though many people have the right to believe gun laws should stay the same, these kids are not letting up, just like the youth from the 1960s. Earlier this year, 11-year-old Naomi Wadler spoke at the Washington, DC "March for Our Lives." She expressed her feelings about gun control. She let it be known that her peers’ opinions were not irrelevant just because they were so young. My fellow Holy Cross student, Galvin Brayton ‘19, attended the same protest in Washington, DC on March 24, 2018. She shared encouraging words about the student protesters at the march, "Most of the population was made up of teenagers, showing just how much our youth is coming together. They all knew what they were fighting for and treated each other with the utmost respect. There were many speakers including high school students from cities like Los Angeles and Chicago. Even with close to a million people in attendance, everyone felt the same pain." A Parkland survivor by the name of Aalayah Eastmond has organized a protest in New York on June 2nd. The “Youth March Against Gun Violence," proposed by Aalayah will be aided by Reverend Al Sharpton who learned how to peacefully protest from his days volunteering for Dr. Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. The rally will start at the Trump International Tower on Columbus Circle and continue onto Fifth Avenue. The youth of today show tremendous perseverance by fighting for what they believe. We can thank the students before us for the path they blazed in the 1960’s. Perhaps, today's youth will be able to solve problems the adults have not yet accomplished.

Sincerely, Kevon Killian '18

Photos courtesy of Galvin Brayton '19 Teen Speak Page 14

From Groovy To Lit and Everything In Between

By Julia Flynn '19

Not So Social Media By: Kayla Bromley '18 The year is 1968. The only way to communicate with friends is to call them, to write a letter, or to speak to them in person. There was no texting or emailing, or even social media. When hanging out, teens never traveled far from home, and most teens either drove cars or rode their bikes. Some popular hangout spots could have been a diner, a bowling alley, or even the local high school. Nowadays, teens would rather stay at home and socialize from their rooms, faces glued to the screen of a cell phone or a computer. Before the invention of social media, teens would interact with each other face-to-face. Conversations taught teens how to handle conflict and differences of opinion. Modern teens learn how to communicate while looking down at a screen. Some kids even believe that calling someone on the phone is “too intense,” because it requires direct communication. Experts conclude that social media and texting, which has now become an integral part of every teenagers life, has altered the mind of developing adolescents. A survey conducted by the Royal Society for Public Health in 2016 concluded that Snapchat, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram all lead to increased feelings of depression, anxiety, and poor body image and loneliness. Despite the explosion of online endorsements and the media dialogue between individuals, researchers have found word-of-mouth exchanges and in-depth conversations are most influential. Social media platforms not only impair a user’s ability to share thoughts, but distort communication processes, creating more problems than they solve. When you keep in mind that social media and technology are designed to endlessly engage you, it may motivate you to set limits on the amount of time you spend on your phone or computer. Here are some guidelines you can set for yourself in order to step away from that addictive glow of a cell phone screen: 1. Implement rules - Take a vow that you will not use your phone during meals, while commuting, even when you are in the bathroom or laying in bed. 2. Purchase an alarm clock -We often find it easier to have an alarm on our phone. However, we often find ourselves caught up in social media once our alarm is turned off. By purchasing an alarm clock, we can eliminate this habit. 3. Check with a purpose - Most of us wander onto social media aimlessly—usually when we’re bored. Set a higher bar for when checking social media by asking yourself, “Do I have a specific or positive reason for this?” If you cannot come up with one, resist that urge and do something that will boost your mood, like calling a friend or spending quality time with your family.

GUESS WHO? Page 1

Guess Who Key More Alumni

Mr. Joseph Carrah Class of '79

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Mrs. Karen Brough Mr. Joseph Marino Mrs. Cary Fappiano Class of '84 Class of '76 Class of '85

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Mr. Michael Phelan Mr. Brian Walker Mr. Andy Shea Class of '89 Class of '95 Class of '06

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Mr. John Rodriguez Ms. Sarah Ciarleglio Mr. Ryan Bergamo Class of '99 Class of '08 Class of '13 Mr. Anthony Temporale Mr. Gerald Ciarleglio Mrs. Caroline Flaminio Mrs. Patricia O'Loughlin Class of '72 Class of '72 Class of '79 Class of '83

Mrs. Tracey Gumpert Mr. Frank Lombardo Mrs. Jodie McGarrity Mrs. Kathleen Partin Class of '85 Class of '85 Class of '93 Class of '93

Mr. Todd Santa Maria Ms. Aimee McKirryher Mr. Mike Giampetruzzi Ms. Megan Dwyer Class of '94 Class of '94 Class of '95 Class of '05

Mr. Matt Smolley Ms. Amy O'Connell Class of '05 Class of '05