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Environmental Factors Affecting Ground Mobility in Thailand

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Environmental Factors Affecting Ground Mobility in Thailand ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING GROUND MOBILITY IN THAILAND Preliminary Survey APPENDIX A: RESULTS OF SURVEY OF EXISTING DATA AND LITERATURE TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 5-625 May 1963 Sponsored by Advanced Research Projects Agency Combat Development and Test Center, Thailand ARPA Order No. 351-62 U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station CORPS OF ENGINEERS Vicksburg, Mississippi ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING GROUND MOBILITY IN THAILAND Preliminary Survey APPENDIX A: RESULTS OF SURVEY OF EXISTING DATA AND LITERATURE TECHNICAL REPORT NO. 5-625 May 1963 Sponsored by Advanced Research Projects Agency Combat Development and Test Center, Thailand ARPA Order No. 351-62 U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station CORPS OF ENGINEERS Vicksburg, Mississippi ARMY-MRC VICKSBURG. MISS. Contents Page Agencies Visited and Findings . A1 Results of Literature Review ... ..... A5 Conclusions and Recommendations A7 A1 APPENDIX A: RESULTS OF SURVEY OF EXISTING DATA AND LITERATURE 1. This appendix enumerates the various agencies visited in Thailand in search of published and unpublished data on various aspects of the envi­ ronment pertinent to the study of ground mobility, and summarizes the find- ings. The data and literature examined were restricted to that which would assist in describing, in quantitative terms, such aspects as geometric con­ figuration of landscapes, vegetation structure and types, hydrologic char­ acteristics of streams and rivers, soil characteristics, and soil distribu­ tion by types. Agencies Visited and Findings 2. The agencies visited, findings, and an assessment of the usable information available are discussed in the following paragraphs. Royal Irrigation Depart- ment, Hydrology Division 3* The files of this department contain data on channel and stream configurations, gaging, and flooding for several areas in Thailand. Al­ though these data were not of immediate interest to the preliminary survey team, they would be useful in longer term studies. Royal Irrigation De­ partment, Canal Division k. Three soil survey reports were reviewed. These reports contain information on pedological and engineering soil characteristics for two small areas in the Korat* region and one in the vicinity of Chiang Mai. The information is of general interest from a pedological soil classifica­ tion standpoint only, and is of little value for classifying soils from an engineering or trafficability standpoint. Royal Thai Navy, Department of Meteorology, Climatology Division 5. Long-period (19H-I962) rainfall records are available for * Referred to as Nakhon Ratchasima on Army Map Service 1:250,000 map, but popularly called Korat. A2 I4-5 stations in Thailand. Since World War II complete weather data have been collected at 52 stations (which include the b$ older stations). These records include measurements of rainfall, atmospheric pressure, air temper­ ature, dew point, relative humidity, cloud cover, and wind. A few meteoro­ logical stations also collect pan evaporation data. Weather summaries which include normals and departures-from-normal are available. Maps show­ ing isqpleths of average monthly rainfall are also available. Copies of pertinent weather data summaries were obtained, and were used in preparing the discussions of weather and climate that appear in this report. Royal Thai Highway Department 6. The files of this organization contain little or no data of di­ rect value to the project mission because they include only analyses of data records for deep foundations at bridge sites or sources of construc­ tion material, particularly road-surfacing materials. Little or no usable soil data are available for depths above l/2 m. 7. A copy of a general report was obtained that contains regional maps which show the primary highway system of Thailand, existing road sur­ face conditions, average daily traffic flow, annual rainfall, population density, and mineral resources. Copies of several foundation and road ma­ terial reports were also obtained. The foundation reports include terrain profiles, locations of borings, and field identification of soil type. In some instances, results of soil laboratory tests are presented. The re­ ports on laboratory tests of road materials include information on the location, quality, and quantity of available road-building materials in the northeast part of Thailand. Royal State Railway of Thailand, Engineering Construction Division 8. This organization does not retain information on existing works after completion of construction, and little or no data of value to the project were available on proposed new construction. - U. S. Navy Department, Officer-in-Charge of Construc­ tion, Southeast Asia (OICC/SEA) 9. The files of this organization contain data derived from engi­ neering studies on a large number of construction projects to which the A3 U. S. Government has contributed funds and engineering guidance. With the exception of a certain amount of soil data, these records were of only nom­ inal value to the project mission because they deal with deep foundation problems or sources of construction materials; the data on surface soils are inadequately documented from the standpoint of trafficability requirements. United States Opera- tions Mission (USOM) 10. This agency had no information that would be of assistance to the project mission. It was learned that groundwater investigations were currently under way, but no results were available at that time. The final report on these investigations may contain some usable information on groundwater conditions in several areas in Thailand. U. S. Army Attache, Bangkok 11. Several documents on file in the office of the U. S. Army Attache in Bangkok were examined. None contained information considered to be of direct value to the project activities at that time. Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (ECAFE) 12. The ECAFE files and library contain general information of a qualitative nature on various aspects of the Thailand environment. Several specific reports are concerned primarily with hydrology, but some sections of the reports are devoted to the soils, minerals, and forests of an area of the Khorat Plateau. This information was of general use to the project mission. Food and Agricultural Organiza- tion of the United Nations (FAQ) 13. Copies of a soil survey report on the soils of the Republic of Vietnam, by Dr. F. R. Moormann, and an unpublished manuscript describing the major soils of Southeast Asia, by Dr. F. R. Moormann and Dr. R. Dudal, were-obtained from the FAO for review purposes. These reports identify soils according to pedological classification. It was also learned that Dr. Moormann in cooperation with the Thai Ministry of Agriculture plans to prepare a 1:1,000,000-scale soils map of Thailand which will be very useful in describing soil types and their distribution. Ah Tippetts-Abbett- McCarthy-Stratton, Engi- neers and Architects (TAMS) 14. The files of TAMS contain considerable engineering data on soils. These data are of nominal value since most were for depths greater than those normally of interest in soil-trafficability investigations. Informa­ tion on other aspects of the environment was documented in general rather than specific terms, and was therefore of little value. Consequently it is probable that future engineering investigations by this concern will not yield any information of value to this project. Charles M. Upham Associates, Inc. 15• This firm has been doing contract work for the Royal Thai High­ way Department. Its activities have dealt primarily with material surveys of several regions in Thailand. Project reports have been prepared which include maps of construction materials and engineering soil properties. A review of several of these reports indicated that they do not contain spe­ cific data of direct value to the mission of the preliminary survey team; they do, however, contain valuable information pertinent to highway and airfield site selection. Southeast Asia Treaty " Organization (SEATO) Grad- uate School of Engineering 16. Various members of the university staff were interviewed, and while considerable general information was obtained, very little of it was quantitative data suitable for project use. The university library con­ tains primarily standard technical books and no publications of specific interest to the project. Bes Engineering Co. (Korat) 17. This firm is constructing a 15-km highway section near Korat, and because of the many soil engineering problems encountered with the sub- base and the scarcity of base-type materials, the conventional engineering soils laboratory tests were conducted on samples obtained at closely spaced intervals along the center line of the road. Soil samples were obtained from the l/2-m depth. Although soil trafficability cannot be estimated from these test data, the soil classification data reveal that A5 considerable variation in soil type occurs in the bottomlands. Results of Literature Review 18. As in the agency survey, the amount of usable information ob­ tained from published and unpublished literature was small, and only gen­ eral information was found on the environmental factors of interest to the preliminary survey team mission. However, more data and information were found on pedological soil types and distribution in the literature review. This information was of little use in the present study; however, much of it will be useful once a relation has been established between soil types, other pertinent soil characteristics common to tropical
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