18 Th Annual Report on the Situation of Human Rights

Home , Abdita, Akhtarin, Deir Hassan, Hazarin, Inab, Jobas

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Table of Contents

Introduction ...... 3 Massacres & Mass Killing ...... 5 Explosive Vehicles...... 5 Assassinations ...... 6 Targeting Markets ...... 6 Documented Massacres in 2019 ...... 7 Documented Explosions in 2019 ...... 15 Markets and Commercial & Industrial Centres ...... 24 Medical and Emergency Rescue Sectors ...... 27 Documenting violations against the medical & emergency rescue sector in 2019 ... 29 1. Targeting members of the emergency rescue sector ...... 29 2. Targeting human elements in the medical sector ...... 33 3. Targeting emergency rescue sector's offices and centre ...... 34 4. Targeting hospitals and medical centres ...... 35 5. Targeting Vehicles ...... 39 Media and Journalism ...... 42 Documenting Violations against Journalists during 2019 ...... 44 1- Killing of Journalists & Media Workers ...... 44 2. Injured Journalist & Media Workers ...... 45 3. Arrest & Abduction ...... 47 Education and Educational Institutions ...... 48 Targeting Education Sector through 2019 ...... 50 Religious Sites ...... 60 Targeting places of worship through 2019 ...... 61 Detainment and Kidnapping ...... 69 Refugees and Displacement ...... 71 Refugees in Lebanon ...... 71 Targeting the Displaced...... 72 Conditions of the displaced ...... 72

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Introduction

Grave violations continued in Syria for the eighth consecutive year, though the intensity of these violations lessened from previous years due to the end of active hostilities in most regions of the country, as fighting receded towards Syria’s north and northeast.

This year also saw a major decline in attention towards human rights on the international research scene, with the least recorded diplomatic activity within this framework. This decline is attributed mainly to decreased international interest in Syria, and the lessening intensity of fighting in most areas.

The continued human rights crisis in Syria over the past eight years has led to a dangerous phenomenon: that of serious crimes and violations becoming normal, and no longer capturing the attention of the international community or even local observers. Crimes inflicted on a limited number of victims no longer reach light due to their normalisation by continued offenses over the years.

It is within this framework that the Syrian Human Rights Committee (SHRC) releases its annual report to document these violations, and to provide a space to single out each violation on its own, as well as name any victims possible to prevent the futility of their victimhood--to preserve the facts that the next generation of Syrians will need, just as those currently working to hold the perpetrators accountable need them today.

The final quarter of this year saw the constitutional committee launch its work, the result of agreements between sponsors of the Astana track, before it was adopted by the international community. This committee aims to review the Syrian constitution and propose amendments to it.

The committee was formed based on previously espoused principles, which had made constitutional reform part of the so-called “four baskets,” which also include the formation of a non-sectarian government, security governance, and other principles that could form a fairly acceptable political solution.

The work of the committee as a political path to a solution poses yet another setback to the human rights situation in Syria, as questions of human rights are absent from the research table and have been postponed until a final solution is reached. This only means the continuation of torture on the one hand, and on the other hand allows the perpetrators more time to carry out de facto policies and secure their escape from justice.

Though the Astana track deals with the political situation on the ground, it does include a discussion of detainee issues. This track has been a proven failure in the pursuit of this important human rights issue, as it has morphed from a matter of releasing the detainees to a matter of exchanging them. It is a path

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

that so far has led to the release of no more than several dozen detainees, with no party imposing the names of the prisoners.

The international community’s handling of human rights violations represents a stark example of the weakness of the international human rights system. Through its political leadership, and through the UN envoy, the international community has done all it can to ensure impunity for criminals and push for rehabilitation rather than punishment, as well as to ignore the widespread human rights violations, which are unprecedented in their documentation. It has also ignored, to an unprecedented degree, the role of foreign militias from a number of countries inside Syrian territory.

There remains no doubt that the international community’s paltry and disgraceful handling of the grave rights violations that are occurring both openly and publicly in Syria will leave an impact on the current generation of Syrians in particular, as well as all those interested in the region. But it will leave an even deeper impact on the coming generations, which will no longer be able to hold faith in credibility and effectiveness of international human rights law--therefore preventing support for efforts to reinstate a culture of human rights in Syria and the region.

SHRC, in releasing its eighteenth annual report, affirms that the crimes and violations that happened in Syria must not become the subject of political bargaining, and calls on local and international rights organisations to increase efforts to preserve the available evidence, especially digital evidence, a large part of which has been lost and deleted from the record. It also urges victims and their families to document whatever evidence they can, in anticipation of when the time comes for their perpetrators to face justice.

SHRC also affirms that all efforts from international, regional and local parties to diminish the seriousness of the crimes committed, and to try reintroducing the perpetrators themselves as supporters of a political solution, are doomed to fail. These efforts, with strong support, will only lead to the delay of justice, or the delay of the coming explosion--one which will be even more violent and bloody.

The Syrian Human Rights Committee

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Massacres & Mass Killing

The killing and genocide continued in Syria for a ninth consecutive year, though this year was distinguished by two main factors: first, a noticeable decrease in the number of victims and massacres compared with previous years, and second, a concentration of mass killing in the north, particularly the northeast, whereas the violence was distributed over a wider geographic area previously.

SHRC recorded 3522 people killed in 2019, at a monthly average of 293 deaths. This total is equivalent to just half the number of recorded killings in 2018.

Documentation also showed that 60 percent of the victims in 2019 were in just Idlib and Aleppo provinces alone. Another 25 percent of the victims were recorded in Raqqa, Deir e-Zor and al-Hasakeh provinces.

SHRC counted 118 massacres in 2019, equal to 43% of the number of mass casualty events recorded in 2018, and 25% of those recorded in 2017. Around 70% of the massacres in 2019 occurred in Idlib and Aleppo provinces alone.

The months of May and July saw the highest average number of killings. During these two months, Syrian regime forces intensified their military campaign over Idlib, supported by Russian air forces This onslaught began in February 2019 and continued intermittently until the end of the year.

Explosive Vehicles Car and motorcycle bombs, as well as improvised explosive devices (IEDs), were among the most prominent tools used for mass killing in 2019, with a clear increase from previous years. These explosions came in second place, following regime forces, on the list of perpetrators of mass casualty events this year, causing 20 percent of mass killings.

Explosions were concentrated in areas under the control of armed factions, with more than 80 percent of them occurring in liberated territory. Most of the

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

remaining explosions happened in areas under Kurdish control in eastern and north-eastern Syria.

Most of the explosions took place in vital civilian areas, such as crowded markets or areas close to important institutions including hospitals and mosques. It appears that the perpetrators wished to inflict the highest possible number of casualties.

No side has claimed responsibility for any of the bombing operations. Because they occurred in areas under the control of armed factions, there are multiple parties that may benefit from carrying out bombings, including the Syrian regime, the Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the Islamic State (ISIS).

Factions in charge of parts of northern Syria arrested people on a number of occasions on charges of carrying out bombings, providing information or facilitating them, but most of the accused remain in factions-run prisons without definitive rulings due to the lack of a clear legal system and an apprehension on the part of factions from carrying out executions within a legal framework, fearing subsequent international trials or charges. Assassinations Individual assassinations continued in most areas still under opposition control, in addition to Daraa province, which saw a reconciliation process between former opposition, Russian forces and regime forces in the summer of 2018.

Most of these assassinations were carried out with individually directed weapons or with IEDs planted on personal vehicles. It appeared that the perpetrators sought to target individuals directly, and not to cause a large number of civilian casualties as with larger scale explosions.

SHRC documented 337 people killed in assassinations this year--the highest number since 2011.

The perpetrators of all documented assassinations were unknown, a testament to the weakness of security infrastructure where they occurred. The existing security apparatus in areas under opposition control lacks most components, whether in terms of professional skill or necessary equipment that would qualify them to pursue the large number of criminal or political offences as well as the terrorist operations that target civilians almost daily. Targeting Markets The year 2019 saw continued targeting of public markets, showing a desire by perpetrators to inflict the greatest harm possible to civilians and civilian life in urban areas. This comprises a fundamental, comprehensive war crime.

SHRC documented 40 targeting of markets in 2019, all of them in Idlib and Aleppo provinces with the exception of one in Raqqa province.

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Documented Massacres in 2019

Date Incident Victims Area Province Actor Weapon clashes between armed factions kill- Aleppo Armed Fac- 01/01/2019 6 Aleppo Firearms ing civilians countryside tions including 2 children aircraft 03/01/2019 warplanes 13 al-Shu'fah Deir ez-Zor Global Alliance strike missiles aircraft 04/01/2019 warplanes 10 al-Kishkiah Deir ez-Zor Global Alliance strike missiles Artillery 09/01/2019 artillery 5 al-Sousah Deir ez-Zor SDF shelling shells suicidal explosion near 'Qasr al- blaster 16/01/2019 Umara' Res- 16 Manbij Aleppo unknown party belt taurant at Sundus Street aircraft 18/01/2019 warplanes 28 al-Baghuz Deir ez-Zor Global Alliance strike missiles Ma'arat Al- Missiles 29/01/2019 artillery 11 Idlib Regime forces shelling nu'man launchers aircraft 29/01/2019 warplanes 10 al-Baghuz Deir ez-Zor Global Alliance strike missiles collapse of cracked building due explosive 02/02/2019 to previous 13 Salahuddin Aleppo Regime forces drums attack with explosive drums Rasmu-Ah- 05/02/2019 landmine ex- 5 Hama unknown party landmine plosion mar Wadi al- 08/02/2019 landmine ex- 7 Hama unknown party landmine plosion Athib Khan artillery 09/02/2019 artillery 6 Idlib Regime forces shelling Shykhun shells Khan artillery 15/02/2019 artillery 9 Idlib Regime forces shelling Shykhun shells Khan artillery 16/02/2019 artillery 6 Idlib Regime forces shelling Shykhun shells Two conse- qutive explo- 18/02/2019 sions in al- 15 Idlib Idlib unknown party car bomb Qusur N'hood

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Victims Area Province Actor Weapon Khan artillery 19/02/2019 artillery 5 Idlib Regime forces shelling Shykhun shells car bomb explosion on the main 21/02/2019 10 al-Shuhail Deir ez-Zor unknown party car bomb road of al- Hassan N'hood five free police mine specialists al-Ghandu- 21/02/2019 were killed 5 Aleppo unknown party car bomb rah while dis- mantling a car bomb Ma'arat Al- Missiles 22/02/2019 missile 6 Idlib Regime forces shelling nu'man launchers Khan Missiles 23/02/2019 missile 5 Idlib Regime forces shelling Shykhun launchers Explosion of several land- lines next to Wadi al- 24/02/2019 20 Hama unknown party landmine a vehicle full Athib of passen- gers Suicidal ex- suicide plosion in bomber Fujin Res- 01/03/2019 7 Idlib Idlib unknown party with taurant in al- blaster Dhubait belt N'hood explosion of a landline, 05/03/2019 thought to 5 Khanaser Aleppo ISIS landmine be left by ISIS Tayebatu 07/03/2019 landmine ex- 5 Hama unknown party landmine plosion al-Imam Russian air aircraft 13/03/2019 warplanes 17 Idlib Idlib strike forces missiles explosion of a landmine near a vehicle carrying 16/03/2019 16 al-Shula Deir ez-Zor unknown party landmine civilians in the desert of al-Shula village shooting at a demonstra- al-houl 21/03/2019 5 al-Hasakeh SDF Firearms tion at al- camp Houl camp Russian air aircraft 22/03/2019 warplanes 11 Kafraya Idlib strike forces missiles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Victims Area Province Actor Weapon explosion of landmine under a vehicle carrying civilians 24/03/2019 on the road 5 al-Huraiji Deir ez-Zor unknown party landmine between al- Basirah and Sour near al- Huraiji village explosion of a landmine under a vehicle carry- 27/03/2019 ing civilians 9 Tal Jabin Aleppo unknown party landmine in the village, all victims were ladies 7 bodies were found shot and cut by sharp tools, lost on 23 March in 04/04/2019 7 al-Shula Deir ez-Zor unknown party Firearms mysterious circum- stances while collect- ing truffles from desert artillery 07/04/2019 artillery 7 al-Nairab Idlib Regime forces shelling shells Missiles 07/04/2019 missile 5 Saraqib Idlib Regime forces shelling launchers Armed Fac- artillery 07/04/2019 artillery 5 Misiaf Hama shelling tions shells explosion of a car near a SDF military explosive 09/04/2019 9 al-Raqqa al-Raqqa unknown party check point device on al-Nour St. raiding a 13/04/2019 house in vil- 5 al-Tahiki Deir ez-Zor SDF Firearms lage shelling with artillery at residential Um Tu- artillery 18/04/2019 areas and 7 Idlib Regime forces waina shells displaced camp in town Khan Missiles 23/04/2019 missile 7 Idlib Regime forces shelling Shykhun launchers

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Victims Area Province Actor Weapon violent explosion in al- Jisr al- 24/04/2019 17 Idlib unknown party unknown Soma'a Shughur N'hood Russian air aircraft 26/04/2019 warplanes 7 Tal Hawash Hama strike forces missiles Qal'at al- Russian air aircraft 28/04/2019 warplanes 5 Hama strike Madiq forces missiles shooting while raiding 09/05/2019 7 al-Shuhail Deir ez-Zor SDF Firearms houses in al- Katif N'hood al-Suqayla- Armed Fac- Missiles 12/05/2019 missile 5 Hama shelling biah tions launchers al-Nairab artillery 14/05/2019 artillery 10 Aleppo HTS shelling camp shells Ma'arat Al- aircraft 17/05/2019 warplanes 5 Idlib Regime forces strike nu'man missiles Russian air aircraft 19/05/2019 warplanes 10 Kafranbel Idlib strike forces missiles aircraft 22/05/2019 warplanes 5 Saraqib Idlib Regime forces strike missiles Ma'arat Al- aircraft 26/05/2019 warplanes 6 Idlib Regime forces strike nu'man missiles aircraft 27/05/2019 warplanes 13 Ariha Idlib Regime forces strike missiles explosive 27/05/2019 warplanes 7 Hazarin Idlib Regime forces strike drums Kafr aircraft 28/05/2019 warplanes 10 Aleppo Regime forces strike Aleppo missiles Khan al- aircraft 28/05/2019 warplanes 5 Idlib Regime forces strike Subul missiles aircraft 29/05/2019 warplanes 7 Sarjah Idlib Regime forces strike missiles Ma'arat Al- aircraft 30/05/2019 warplanes 5 Idlib Regime forces strike nu'man missiles explosion of a car bomb 02/06/2019 in main 24 Azaz Aleppo unknown party car bomb street near Azaz court Kafr aircraft 05/06/2019 warplanes 5 Idlib Regime forces strike Owaied missiles aircraft 10/06/2019 warplanes 13 Jabala Idlib Regime forces strike missiles aircraft 11/06/2019 warplanes 5 Kafr Ayn Idlib Regime forces strike missiles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Victims Area Province Actor Weapon aircraft 15/06/2019 warplanes 5 al-Barah Idlib Regime forces strike missiles artillery 16/06/2019 artillery 12 al-Wadhihi Aleppo Regime forces shelling shells strikes with warplanes on main road aircraft 19/06/2019 11 Beinin Idlib Regime forces (Ma'arat al- missiles Nu'man- Ariha) east to Beinin aircraft 20/06/2019 warplanes 6 Haish Idlib Regime forces strike missiles al-Mas- aircraft 20/06/2019 warplanes 8 Idlib Regime forces strike tomah missiles aircraft 22/06/2019 warplanes 5 Saraqib Idlib Regime forces strike missiles explosive 06/07/2019 warplanes 15 Mohambel Idlib Regime forces strike drums shelling with artillery on agricultural land be- artillery 07/07/2019 6 Qastoon Idlib Regime forces tween shells Qastoon and al-Sahn vil- lages artillery 09/07/2019 warplanes 7 al-Dablan Deir ez-Zor Regime forces strike shells Jisr al- aircraft 10/07/2019 warplanes 6 Idlib Regime forces strike Shughur missiles Explosion of car bomb, 11/07/2019 12 Afrin Aleppo unknown party car bomb south east Afrin Jisr al- aircraft 11/07/2019 warplanes 6 Idlib Regime forces strike Shughur missiles aircraft 12/07/2019 warplanes 6 Ariha Idlib Regime forces strike missiles targeting a cave by war- Khan Russian air aircraft 13/07/2019 planes 9 Idlib Shykhun forces missiles strikes, city west Halab al- artillery 15/07/2019 artillery 6 Aleppo unknown party shelling Jadidah shells Ma'ar Shu- aircraft 16/07/2019 warplanes 11 Idlib Regime forces strike rin missiles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Victims Area Province Actor Weapon Oram al- aircraft 21/07/2019 warplanes 12 Idlib Regime forces strike Jouz missiles aircraft 21/07/2019 warplanes 5 Kafromah Idlib Regime forces strike missiles Ma'arat Al- Russian air aircraft 22/07/2019 warplanes 32 Idlib strike nu'man forces missiles aircraft 22/07/2019 warplanes 8 Saraqib Idlib Regime forces strike missiles shelling with artillery from Na'oor Armed Fac- artillery 22/07/2019 armed fac- 6 Hama Joorin tions shells tions con- trolled zone Russian air aircraft 24/07/2019 warplanes 7 Tobaish Idlib strike forces missiles aircraft 27/07/2019 warplanes 12 Ariha Idlib Regime forces strike missiles aircraft 28/07/2019 warplanes 7 Ariha Idlib Regime forces strike missiles Russian air aircraft 29/07/2019 warplanes 5 Latamneh Hama strike forces missiles Jabal aircraft 07/08/2019 warplanes 5 Hama Regime forces strike Shahshabo missiles 7 bodies found muti- lated and Uwaideh, shot after 14/08/2019 7 Jassem al- al-Raqqa unknown party Firearms raiding their Nu'aimi house and looting their properties Targeting displaced homes at al- Russian air aircraft 16/08/2019 Rahma vil- 16 Hass Idlib forces missiles lage by warplanes strikes Russian air aircraft 16/08/2019 warplanes 6 Telmens Idlib strike forces missiles aircraft 17/08/2019 warplanes 7 Deir Sharqi Idlib Regime forces strike missiles Russian air aircraft 25/08/2019 warplanes 6 Telmens Idlib strike forces missiles Russian air aircraft 26/08/2019 warplanes 6 Basqala Idlib strike forces missiles Targeting Ma'arat Al- aircraft 28/08/2019 Shairoot 14 Idlib Regime forces nu'man missiles N'hood with

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Victims Area Province Actor Weapon warplanes strikes

Explosion of car bomb on 15/09/2019 the road be- 12 al-Raee Aleppo unknown party car bomb tween al-Bab and al-Ra'i explosion of a car bomb 24/09/2019 in Yalnqoz 5 Jendris Aleppo unknown party car bomb St. down town explosion of van bomb in 31/10/2019 7 Afrin Aleppo unknown party car bomb the wholesale market explosion of Tal 02/11/2019 car bomb in 13 al-Raqqa unknown party car bomb Abiyadh town centre Russian air aircraft 06/11/2019 warplanes 8 al-Saharah Aleppo strike forces missiles Russian air aircraft 10/11/2019 warplanes 7 Kafromah Idlib strike forces missiles Explosion of car bomb in 11/11/2019 al-Wahda St. 6 Qamishli al-Hasakeh unknown party car bomb / town centre Russian air aircraft 15/11/2019 warplanes 5 al-Barah Idlib strike forces missiles explosion of car bomb opposite to 16/11/2019 11 al-Bab Aleppo unknown party car bomb passenger’s garage / city centre Russian air aircraft 17/11/2019 warplanes 6 al-Malajah Idlib strike forces missiles Russian air aircraft 20/11/2019 warplanes 6 Ayn Quray' Idlib strike forces missiles Rocket attack on old land 20/11/2019 Qah Camp 15 Qah camp Idlib Regime forces Rockets for the displaced

24/11/2019 explosion of 5 al-Taybah Deir ez-Zor unknown party landmine landmine explosion of car bomb in 26/11/2019 62 Tal Half al-Hasakeh unknown party car bomb residential area Russian air aircraft 02/12/2019 warplanes 5 Idlib Idlib strike on forces missiles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Victims Area Province Actor Weapon Idlib central prison

Russian air aircraft 02/12/2019 warplane 10 Tal Rif'at Aleppo strikes forces missiles explosive 07/12/2019 warplane 5 Abdita Idlib Regime forces strikes drums explosive 17/12/2019 warplane 6 Bdama Idlib Regime forces strikes drums aircraft 17/12/2019 warplane 6 Ma'saran Idlib Regime forces strikes missiles aircraft 17/12/2019 warplane 9 Telmens Idlib Regime forces strikes missiles Ma'arat Al- explosive 19/12/2019 warplane 5 Idlib Regime forces strikes nu'man drums car bomb explosion in 19/12/2019 5 Tal Half al-Hasakeh unknown party car bomb residential area aircraft 21/12/2019 warplane 8 Saraqib Idlib Regime forces strikes missiles Russian air aircraft 22/12/2019 warplane 5 Ma'saran Idlib strikes forces missiles car bomb explosion in 23/12/2019 5 Sluke al-Raqqa unknown party car bomb residential area warplane strikes on Russian air aircraft 24/12/2019 8 Jobas Idlib displaced forces missiles camp

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Documented Explosions in 2019

Date Incident Damages Area Province Weapon Explosions at al- 08/01/2019 child killed al-Raqqa al-Raqqa Motorbike bomb Noor St

Explosion near al- person killed, 09/01/2019 Idlib Idlib Explosive device Sham'at roundabout another injured

Explosion near al- Ba'th party branch 4 people in- 11/01/2019 Aleppo Aleppo Explosive device at Sa'adullah al- jured Jabri Square

Explosion at al- 15/01/2019 slight damages Afrin Aleppo Explosive device Mahmudiah N'hood

Explosion in water medium dam- 16/01/2019 Jendris Aleppo Explosive device reservoir tank ages

Explosion at city 18/01/2019 slight damages Afrin Aleppo Explosive device centre Damages in ve- Khan 18/01/2019 Explosion in vehicle Idlib Explosive device hicle Shykhun Explosion at al- 19/01/2019 7 people killed Idlib Idlib Explosive device Qusoor N'hood

Explosion at Hama 1 person 22/01/2019 Lattakia Lattakia Explosive device Square killed,4 injured

Explosion in a vehicle of local 2 persons 23/01/2019 transport, Kawa killed, 10 in- Afrin Aleppo Explosive device roundabout, city jured centre

3 killed, 12 in- Explosion in com- jured including 24/01/2019 al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb mercial centre civil denfence member

Explosion in a popu- 7 people in- 24/01/2019 Qabbasin Aleppo Motorbike bomb lar market jured

Explosion in al-Ad- Damas- Damas- 24/01/2019 slight damages Explosive device awi N'hood cus cus

Explosion near al- 24/01/2019 3 people killed al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb Sha'ab Park

Explosion in resi- 6 people in- 28/01/2019 Azaz Aleppo Car bomb dential area jured

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Damages Area Province Weapon

Explosion in al- 3 people in- 29/01/2019 Idlib Idlib Explosive device Qusoor N'hood jured

Explosion at salva- 1 person in- 29/01/2019 tion (al-Inqaz) gov- Idlib Idlib Explosive device jured ernment court

Explosion near al- 1 person in- 03/02/2019 Mutanabi rounda- Idlib Idlib Explosive device jured bout

Explosion at al-Noor 04/02/2019 slight damages al-Raqqa al-Raqqa Explosive device St

Explosion at Schools al-Hasa- al-Hasa- 05/02/2019 junction, al-Nashwa 1 person killed Explosive device keh keh al-Gharbiya N'hood

Explosion in resi- 05/02/2019 child killed Bzagha Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area

Explosion in water Ma'arat 05/02/2019 establishment build- slight damages Idlib Explosive device Misrin ing

Explosion in city 3 people in- 06/02/2019 al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb centre jured

Explosion near civil 6 people killed 12/02/2019 police post at village including 4 civil al-Ra'i Aleppo Car bomb south entrance police elements

Explosion in resi- 1 person in- 20/02/2019 Bzagha Aleppo Explosive device dential area jured

Explosion in Villas 21/02/2019 girl killed Afrin Aleppo Car bomb St, city centre

Explosion at Clock 1 person in- 24/02/2019 Idlib Idlib Explosive device square jured

Explosion at town 1 person in- 03/03/2019 Qabbasin Aleppo Motorbike bomb outskirts jured

Explosion in main 7 people in- 05/03/2019 al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb St, down town jured

Explosion on Afrin- 07/03/2019 slight damages Afrin Aleppo Explosive device Trenda road

Explosion in al-Ar- 14/03/2019 ba'een St, down slight damages al-Dana Idlib Explosive device town

Explosion opposite 14/03/2019 5 peple injured al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb school

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Damages Area Province Weapon Explosion in al- 2 persons in- 22/03/2019 Idlib Idlib Explosive device Qusoor N'hood jured

Explosion near al- 23/03/2019 slight damages Idlib Idlib Explosive device Wahda school Explosion in resi- Abu Deir ez- 24/03/2019 1 person killed Explosive device dential area Hamam Zor

Explosion in resi- al-Am- 04/04/2019 slight damages Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area arnah

Explosion in south- Some civilians 05/04/2019 Idlib Idlib Explosive device ern area injured

Explosion near Ah- 1 person in- 06/04/2019 Ariha Idlib Explosive device mad Sablo school jured

Explosion in Villas 4 people in- 07/04/2019 Afrin Aleppo Explosive device St, city centre jured

Explosion near al- 2 persons in- 08/04/2019 Abrar Mosque, al- Idlib Idlib Explosive device jured Muhandiseen N'hood

Explosion in resi- 1 person in- 08/04/2019 al-Bab Aleppo Explosive device dential area jured

Explosion at Fayez 08/04/2019 1 person killed al-Tapqa al-Raqqa Explosive device Mansoor St

Explosion in resi- 1 person in- 08/04/2019 Kafranbel Idlib Explosive device dential area jured

Explosion on Idlib- 1 person in- Ma'arat 09/04/2019 Idlib Explosive device Ma'arat Misrin road jured Misrin

Explosion on the 1 person in- 09/04/2019 side road between Bennesh Idlib Explosive device jured Idlib and Bennesh

Explosion in a vehi- 3 persons in- 09/04/2019 Idlib Idlib Explosive device cle jured Explosion in resi- 2 persons in- 11/04/2019 Qabbasin Aleppo Car bomb dential area jured

Explosion in private 13/04/2019 child injured al-Bab Aleppo Explosive device car

Explosion in live- 7 people in- 15/04/2019 Qabbasin Aleppo Motorbike bomb stock market jured

Explosion in private Kafr 17/04/2019 1 person killed Aleppo Explosive device car Aleppo

Explosion in Green 17/04/2019 child killed al-Tapqa al-Raqqa Explosive device market

Explosion in resi- 19/04/2019 slight damages al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area Explosion in resi- 20/04/2019 slight damages al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Damages Area Province Weapon Explosion in resi- 3 people in- 21/04/2019 al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area jured

Explosion in a car 1 person in- 22/04/2019 near al-Dallah Ariha Idlib Explosive device jured roundabout

Explosion in vicinity 22/04/2019 of al-Matahin (mills) none Manbej Aleppo Motorbike bomb roundabout

Explosion inside a 26/04/2019 1 person killed Toqad Aleppo Explosive device car

Explosion opposite 26/04/2019 slight damages Idlib Idlib Explosive device car sale office

Explosion in the vi- 26/04/2019 cinity of Yahia slight damages Idlib Idlib Explosive device Duhinin school

Explosion in the vi- Kafr Kar- 27/04/2019 cinity of Baghdad 2 persons killed Aleppo Explosive device min hospital

Explosion in a vehi- 3 people in- 30/04/2019 Idlib Idlib Explosive device cle in al-Arba'een St jured Explosion at town 01/05/2019 slight damages Sarmada Idlib Explosive device entrance

Explosion at town 01/05/2019 child killed al-Bab Aleppo Explosive device entrance

Explosion in resi- al-Ghan- 01/05/2019 none Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area dora

Explosion in live- 7 people in- 06/05/2019 Qabbasin Aleppo Motorbike bomb stock market jured

Explosion in resi- 8 people in- 06/05/2019 Qabbasin Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area jured

Expolsion in al-Thal- 07/05/2019 slight damages Manbej Aleppo Motorbike bomb atheen St Explosion near al- 3 SDF fighters Deir ez- 11/05/2019 al-Sorah Motorbike bomb Madina roundabout killed Zor

Ali Sheikh Explosion inside a al- 13/05/2019 Yusuf, leader at Idlib Explosive device car Ghadaqa LNF killed

Explosion near al- 1 person in- 13/05/2019 al-Bab Aleppo Explosive device Mizan roundabout jured

Explosion in resi- 6 people in- 15/05/2019 Sajo Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area jured

Explosion at al-Ta'as Abu Har- Deir ez- 16/05/2019 3 children killed Explosive device N'hood doob Zor

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Damages Area Province Weapon Explosion in resi- 16/05/2019 slight damages al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area

Explosion in police 17/05/2019 slight damages Jasem Daraa Explosive device centre vicinity Explosion inside a 19/05/2019 car near al-Ihsan 1 person killed al-Bab Aleppo Explosive device mosque Explosion inside a 19/05/2019 1 person killed Qah Idlib Explosive device car

Explosion in a popu- 10 people in- 22/05/2019 Jarabulus Aleppo Motorbike bomb lar market jured

Explosion inside a 1 person in- Ma'arat 26/05/2019 Idlib Explosive device car jured Misrin Explosion inside a 31/05/2019 car near al-Shar'ia slight damages Afrin Aleppo Explosive device park Explosion near al- 01/06/2019 4 people killed al-Raqqa al-Raqqa Explosive device Na'eem roundabout

Explosion in resi- 02/06/2019 slight damages Idlib Idlib Explosive device dential area Explosion inside a 1 person in- 02/06/2019 car near al-Hayat Idlib Idlib Explosive device jured mosque Explosion in resi- 1 person in- 07/06/2019 al-Bab Aleppo Explosive device dential area jured

Explosion in the vil- 12/06/2019 slight damages Afrin Aleppo Explosive device las St

Kafr 16/06/2019 Explosion in a car 1 child killed Aleppo Explosive device Naseh

Explosion in al-Iza'a al-Iza'a 16/06/2019 2 persons killed Aleppo Explosive device N'hood N'hood

Explosion in resi- 3 people in- 22/06/2019 Jarabulus Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area jured

Explosion in resi- 3 people in- 22/06/2019 al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area jured

Explosion in resi- 1 person in- al-Hasa- 24/06/2019 Qamishli Motorbike bomb dential area jured keh

Explosion in al- medium dam- 26/06/2019 Afrin Aleppo Motorbike bomb Siyaseh St. ages

Explosion on Maze Damas- Damas- 27/06/2019 2 persons killed Explosive device Highway cus cus

Explosion in resi- 03/07/2019 2 persons killed al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area

Explosion in resi- Abu Deir ez- 07/07/2019 2 children killed Motorbike bomb dential area Hamam Zor

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Damages Area Province Weapon Explosion in resi- 07/07/2019 slight damages Idlib Idlib Explosive device dential area

Explosion inside a 08/07/2019 1 child killed al-Ra'i Aleppo Explosive device car Explosion in Tel al-Hasa- al-Hasa- 11/07/2019 slight damages Explosive device Hajar N'hood keh keh Explosion in al- Wasta N'hood near medium dam- al-Hasa- 11/07/2019 Qamishli Car bomb the Church of our ages keh Lady al-Sali- Explosion in al-Sali- al-Hasa- 11/07/2019 slight damages hiya Motorbike bomb hiya keh N'hood Explosion at the 15/07/2019 outskirts of al-Bab slight damages al-Bab Aleppo Car bomb city Explosion on the 17/07/2019 road leading to al- none al-Ra'i Aleppo Explosive device Ra'i Explosion in al-Hasa- al-Hasa- 17/07/2019 slight damages Motorbike bomb Ghweiran N'hood keh keh

Explosion in resi- 1 person in- 19/07/2019 Binnesh Idlib Explosive device dential area jured

Explosion in resi- 3 people in- 22/07/2019 Jarabulus Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area jured

Explosion in resi- 22/07/2019 1 child killed Akhtarin Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area

Explosion inside a medium dam- al-Baso- 22/07/2019 Aleppo Motorbike bomb car ages tah

2 persons Explosion in resi- killed, 1 of 22/07/2019 Akhtarin Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area them member of IHH

Explosion in the vi- Deir ez- 26/07/2019 cinity of municipality slight damages al-Shuhail Explosive device Zor building

Explosion in resi- 27/07/2019 2 persons killed al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area

Explosion in resi- 27/07/2019 1 person killed Tel Batal Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area

Explosion in resi- 28/07/2019 2 persons killed Afrin Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area

Zor Ma- Explosion of 30/07/2019 2 persons killed ghar, Ko- Aleppo landmine landmine bane

Explosion on high- al-Hasa- 31/07/2019 none Markada Motorbike bomb way keh

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Damages Area Province Weapon Explosion inside a 04/08/2019 1 person killed Azaz Aleppo Explosive device car

Explosion in al-Mu- al-Hasa- al-Hasa- 04/08/2019 1 child killed Motorbike bomb shirfah N'hood keh keh Explosion at al-Na- al- al-Hasa- 07/08/2019 3 children killed Car bomb hia St Qahtaniya keh

Explosion near Kawa 08/08/2019 2 persons killed Afrin Aleppo Motorbike bomb roundabout

Explosion near Or- 10/08/2019 1 person killed Azaz Aleppo Motorbike bomb phanage mosque

Explosion in resi- 16/08/2019 slight damages Idlib Idlib Explosive device dential area

Explosion in a car, 22/08/2019 1 person killed Idlib Idlib Car bomb al-Jami'ah N'hood Explosion on the 1 person in- 22/08/2019 road leading to Jarabulus Aleppo Car bomb jured Kaklajah Explosion at al- 24/08/2019 2 persons killed Idlib Idlib Car bomb Qusoor N'hood Explosion at Filistin 26/08/2019 1 person killed al-Tapqa al-Raqqa Car bomb St

Explosion of a passenger vehicle on 27/08/2019 2 persons killed Azaz Aleppo Explosive device the road between Azaz & Kafr Kalbeen

Explosion in city al- al-Hasa- 27/08/2019 1 person killed Explosive device centre Shadadi keh

Explosion in resi- 09/09/2019 slight damages Idlib Idlib Explosive device dential area

Explosion in a fac- medium dam- 10/09/2019 tory btween Afrin & Afrin Aleppo Explosive device ages Jendris

Explosion in hard- medium dam- 12/09/2019 ware store at the Afrin Aleppo Explosive device ages city outskirt

Explosion in resi- 18/09/2019 1 person killed Azaz Aleppo Explosive device dential area

Explosion in resi- 1 person in- 26/09/2019 Jendris Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area jured

Explosion at Clock 4 people in- 26/09/2019 Idlib Idlib Motorbike bomb square jured

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Damages Area Province Weapon Explosion in resi- Ma'arat 02/10/2019 1 person killed Idlib Explosive device dential area Misrin

Explosion in resi- 05/10/2019 1 person killed Sarmin Idlib Explosive device dential area Explosion in resi- 10/10/2019 7 people killed al-Bab Aleppo Motorbike bomb dential area

Explosion in Habib al-Hasa- 11/10/2019 Munir St./ west 1 person killed Qamishli Car bomb keh N'hood

Explosion in resi- 1 person in- 12/10/2019 Azaz Aleppo Explosive device dential area jured

Explosion of explosive device in a car 13/10/2019 2 persons killed Jarabulus Aleppo Car bomb on al-Ghandorah-Ja- rabulus way

Explosion in resi- 15/10/2019 4 persons killed Shallakh Aleppo Explosive device dential area

Explosion in resi- 23/10/2019 2 children killed Sluke al-Raqqa Car bomb dential area

Explosion of explo- 1 person in- 24/10/2019 sive device in a pri- Akhtarin Aleppo Explosive device jured vate car

Hammam Explosion of car 25/10/2019 1 person killed al-Turk- al-Raqqa Car bomb bomb man

Explosion in resi- 26/10/2019 1 person killed Soran Aleppo Explosive device dential area

Explosion in resi- 28/10/2019 1 person killed Sluke al-Raqqa Motorbike bomb dential area

Explosion of explosive device in a car 1 person in- 09/11/2019 Shamarin Aleppo Explosive device on Shamarin-Akdah jured way

2 persons in- 10/11/2019 Explosion in civil car al-Bab Aleppo Explosive device jured

Explosion of explo- 16/11/2019 sive device in the 1 person killed al-Ra'i Aleppo Explosive device town outskirts

Explosion in resi- Tal 23/11/2019 3 persons killed al-Raqqa Car bomb dential area Abyadh

Explosion of explo- 25/11/2019 sive device in the 2 persons killed Azaz Aleppo Explosive device town outskirts

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Damages Area Province Weapon

Explosion of explo- 3 persons in- 26/11/2019 sive device in the Afrin Aleppo Explosive device jured town eastern side

Explosion near al- Ras al- al-Hasa- 05/12/2019 2 persons killed Car bomb Joza circle area Ayn keh Explosion inside a 3 persons in- 22/12/2019 car at the city out- al-Bab Aleppo Explosive device jured skirts Explosion of 2 mo- 11 people in- 25/12/2019 torbikes in a market Jarabulus Aleppo Motorbike bomb jured in Jarabulus

Explosion of 2 ex- 25/12/2019 1 child killed Soran Aleppo Explosive device plosive devices

Explosion of Azaz - 25/12/2019 minor damages Sajo Aleppo Explosive device Sajo Road

Aftermath of shelling on al-Masaken neighbourhood in Ariha, rural Idlib,27/8/2019 (#SHRC)

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Markets and Commercial & Industrial Centres

Date Incident Damages Area Province Actor Weapon

Explosion in pop- 7 people in- un- motorcycle 24/01/2019 ular market jured Qabbasin Aleppo known bomb Explosion in the Old Wholesale medium un- motorcycle 05/02/2019 Market damages al-Bab Aleppo known bomb

Shelling on green severe Ma'arat al- Regime Missiles 17/02/2019 market damages Nu'man Idlib forces launchers

Shelling on seeds severe Ma'arat al- Regime Missiles 07/03/2019 market damages Nu'man Idlib forces launchers Artillery shelling on the popular 13 people Regime Artillery 04/04/2019 market killed Kafranbel Idlib forces shells

Explosion in live- 7 people in- un- motorcycle 15/04/2019 stock market jured Qabbasin Aleppo known bomb

Explosion in un- explosive 17/04/2019 green market 1 child killed al-Tapqa al-Raqqa known device Shelling on popular market, city severe Regime Missiles 22/04/2019 centre damages Saraqib Idlib forces launchers Explosion in live- stock market, known as Bazar severe un- motorcycle 25/04/2019 market damages al-Bab Aleppo known bomb

Explosion in live- 7 people in- un- motorcycle 06/05/2019 stock market jured Qabbasin Aleppo known bomb Shelling on popular market, city severe Khan Shyk- Regime aircraft 10/05/2019 centre damages hun Idlib forces missiles shelling on the main market, known as 'fish market', city 9 people Jisr al- Regime aircraft 14/05/2019 centre killed Shughur Idlib forces missiles shelling on the main market, severe Ma'arat al- Regime aircraft 15/05/2019 city centre damages Nu'man Idlib forces missiles Explosion on the green market, severe Ma'arat al- Regime aircraft 17/05/2019 city centre damages Nu'man Idlib forces missiles Explosion in the popular market, 10 people un- motorcycle 22/05/2019 city centre injured Jarabulus Aleppo known bomb Shelling on popular market, in main square known as square 9 people Ma'arat al- Regime aircraft 22/05/2019 of Big mosque killed Nu'man Idlib forces missiles Shelling on the main market, known as 'Thurs- day market', city severe Regime Missiles 23/05/2019 centre damages Kafranbel Idlib forces launchers

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Damages Area Province Actor Weapon Shelling on the main popular market, city cen- severe Ma'arat al- Regime aircraft 03/06/2019 tre damages Nu'man Idlib forces missiles

Shelling on popu- 12 people Ma'ar Regime aircraft 16/07/2019 lar market killed Shureen Idlib forces missiles shelling on the popular market, 7 people Regime aircraft 22/07/2019 city centre killed Saraqib Idlib forces missiles shelling on the Russian popular market, 27 people Ma'arat al- air- aircraft 22/07/2019 city centre killed Nu'man Idlib forces missiles Shelling on wholesale mar- severe Regime aircraft 26/07/2019 ket, city north damages Saraqib Idlib forces missiles shelling on the popular market, severe Ma'arat al- Regime aircraft 29/07/2019 city centre damages Nu'man Idlib forces missiles

Explosion in pop- medium un- motorcycle 03/09/2019 ular market damages Azaz Aleppo known bomb Explosion in pop- severe un- motorcycle 13/09/2019 ular market damages Afrin Aleppo known bomb Explosion in the town popular medium un- motorcycle 05/10/2019 market damages Jarabulus Aleppo known bomb 1 person killed & me- Explosion in pop- dium dam- un- explosive 05/10/2019 ular market ages Sarmin Idlib known device Explosion in the medium un- motorcycle 05/10/2019 central market damages Qabbasin Idlib known bomb

Shelling on the 8 people al-Janodi- Regime Missiles 24/10/2019 wholesale market killed yah Idlib forces launchers Explosion of van in the wholesale 7 people un- 31/10/2019 market killed Afrin Aleppo known car bomb

Shelling on a 10 persons Ma'arat al- Regime aircraft 02/12/2019 wholesale market killed Nu'man Idlib forces missiles Shelling on the main market Russian know : Clothing 8 persons air- aircraft 07/12/2019 market killed Baluon Idlib forces missiles Shelling in the vicinity of Hunain Russian Bakery, know al- medium air- aircraft 07/12/2019 Barah bakery damages al-Barah Idlib forces missiles shelling in the vicinity of Abu severe Ma'ar Regime Explosive 15/12/2019 Rateb Bakery damages Shureen Idlib forces drums

Shelling on the severe Regime aircraft 17/12/2019 main market damages Ma'saran Idlib forces missiles shelling of the severe Regime Explosive 18/12/2019 popular market damages Telmens Idlib forces drums

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Damages Area Province Actor Weapon shelling of the commercial Road in both northern and souther severe Regime aircraft 21/12/2019 N'hoods damages Saraqib Idlib forces missiles 2 motorbikes ex- ploded in a mar- medium un- motorcycle 25/12/2019 ket in Jarabulus damages Jarabulus Aleppo known bomb shelling on al- Russian Nour automatic severe air- aircraft 28/12/2019 Bakery damages Ma'saran Idlib forces missiles shelling on the vicinity of Ma- hambel auto- medium Regime aircraft 28/12/2019 matic Bakery damages Mohambel Idlib forces missiles

Targeted ambulance of Hama ambulance system, rural Hama, August 14, 2019

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Medical and Emergency Rescue Sectors

Monitoring since the beginning of the conflict until now shows that the Syrian regime and its supporters clearly and deliberately targeted the medical and emergency rescue sectors, and even preferred to target them over armed factions headquarters, including those classified as terrorist factions. Such attacks constitute a main military strategy of the Syrian regime and its supporters, with the goal of harming the largest number of civilians, in direct violation of what is required by the principles of international human rights law. The political and media discourse of the regime, and of its Russian supporter in particular, shows a clear and hostile attitude towards the Civil Defence organisation, with the assertion that it be categorised as a legitimate target in war. The head of the regime, the foreign minister and other officials have often classified members of the Civil Defence as terrorists, and that they affiliated to Jabhat al-Nusra. In 2018, members were banned access to any opportunities for reconciliation with the regime and with Russian forces, even though these opportunities were granted to fighters and those who had been described by the regime and its allies as terrorists. The Physicians for Human Rights world organisation recorded 583 health foun- dations targeted between 2011 and 2019, with the regime responsible for 90 percent of attacks. The British newspaper The Times published a lengthy investigation on October 13, 2019 detailing audio recordings of communications between Russian pilots over Idlib province and their military commanders. The recordings indicated that Russian warplanes targeted four hospitals in Idlib province within the space of just 12 hours on 5 and 6 May 2019. SHRC documented 73 hospitals and medical clinics targeted in 2019, compared with 57 facilities in 2018. SHRC also recorded 14 Civil Defence centres targeted, and 16 Civil Defence workers killed, while 37 others were wounded. In addition, 48 ambulances and rescue vehicles were targeted. Detainment of medical and rescue workers by all actors continued this year. SHRC documented the following cases: January 26, 2019: Armed fighters from Hay’at Tahrir a-Sham (HTS) arrested nurse Muhannad al-Okl, while heading to work at the central hospital in Maarat a-Nu’man city, rural southern Idlib province. He was taken to an unknown location. August 7, 2019: The Syrian Democratic Forces detained Dr. Emad Muhammad Hasnawi al-Jadwaa, a paediatrician at the National Hospital in Qamishli, as he

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

was passing through one of the group’s security checkpoints near the Marsho Circle in central al-Hasakeh city. He was taken to an unknown location. September 10, 2019: Armed opposition fighters detained Dr. Sabri Hannan, director of the Jihan Hospital in Afrin city, rural western Aleppo province, while he was at his home. September 25, 2019: Personnel from the Syrian government’s Air force Intel- ligence detained Dr. Bassam Sweidan while he was travelling from Daraa city towards opposition-held areas in rural Aleppo province. He had previously worked at the Daraa al-Balad Field Hospital in Daraa city. Dr. Sweidan was taken to an unknown location. September 25, 2019: Air force Intelligence personnel detained paramedic Hay- yan Sweidan, who was from Daraa city and had worked previously in the Daraa al-Balad Field Hospital. He was seized while heading from Daraa city to opposition-held territory in rural Aleppo and taken to an unknown location. This year also saw continued kidnappings of medical and rescue workers, mostly for criminal reasons and by unknown perpetrators. Most noteworthy of the kidnappings seen this year: January 20, 2019: Unknown gunmen kidnapped pharmacist Hussein Ali al-Deiri from his pharmacy south of the village of Jobas in rural Idlib, and took him to an unknown location. January 21, 2019: Gunmen kidnapped physical therapist Adnan Bustan Kurdi from his clinic in Afrin. It was later revealed that the kidnappers were from the Failaq a-Sham group. They were then arrested and Kurdi was released. January 22, 2019: Unknown gunmen kidnapped dentist Obeid Mahmoud al- Obeid from his clinic in a displaced persons camp in the village of Deir Hassan in rural northern Idlib province. He was taken to an unknown location. November 20, 2019: Unknown gunmen kidnapped Dr. Muhammad Anas al- Hariri of Daraa province after he left work at the Sweida National Hospital. It is said that the doctor was seized by relatives of a Sweida man who was kidnapped two days earlier in Daraa after crossing the Nasib border point with Jordan. February 3, 2019: Unknown gunmen kidnapped pharmacist Hamdo Matar during a raid on his pharmacy in the village of Ma’ar Dabseh in rural Idlib. He was taken to an unknown location.

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Documenting violations against the medical and emergency rescue sector during 2019 1. Targeting members of the emergency aid sector Deaths

Date Victim Incident Area Province Actor Weapon He died of Ayman Abdul- wounds sus- Fattah Batickh, tained on 29 Kafr 04/02/2019 Aleppo unknown firarms civil defence January by uni- Naseh member dentified gunmen

He was Killed by Noureddin Haj artillery shelling Regime Artillery 10/03/2019 Hussein, civil de- at the Civil De- Murek Hama forces shells fence member fence Center in Murek town

He was Killed by shelling near an ambulance of Mohamad al- the Civil Defence al-Ra- Russian aircraft 04/05/2019 Shoufi, civil de- led by al-Shoufi Idlib kaya aiforces misiles fence member while he was going to rescue the wounded of previous shelling

They were killed Ali al-Qaddour & by shelling on al- Omer al-Kayyal, Khan Bireh N'hood Russian aircraft 26/06/2019 civil defence Shyk- Idlib while they were aiforces misiles members, Khan hun rescuing the in- Shykhun jured

He was killed with his female Mahmud Mo- child due to hamad al-Ali, civil Ma'aret Russian aircraft 10/07/2019 shelling of the Idlib defence member, Hurma aiforces misiles displaced Kafr Zita Centre homes, village north

He was killed due to shelling Amir al-Bunni, on green maket Ma'arat civil defence Russian aircraft 22/07/2019 whilest he was al- Idlib member, Ma'arat aiforces misiles rescuing casuali- Nu'man al-Nu'man centre ties of previous shelling

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Victim Incident Area Province Actor Weapon

Zuhair al-Rajjo, HR director of He was killed Kafr Russian aircraft 29/07/2019 Norh sector, civil due to shelling Hama Zita aiforces misiles defence in Hama on city province

He was killed Yunus Ballout, due to shelling of civil defence Russian aircraft 14/08/2019 a medical point Bsiqa Idlib member, Ma'aret aiforces misiles of Hama aid sys- Hurma centre tem

He was killed by artillery shelling Suhail Thabet targeted Civil Nassar, civil de- Shag- Regime Artillery 20/08/2019 Defence team Hama fence member, hourit forces shells while heading to Qastoon centre rescue injured of previous shelling

He was killed due to succes- Ahmad Qubbah, sive explosions civil defence Un- 31/10/2019 in arms ware- Darkosh Idlib unknown member, Darkosh known house, west of cenre Darkosh, west Idlib countryside

He was killed Ahmad Ali al-Ali, due to tareget- civil defence Ma'aret Regime Artillery 12/11/2019 ing CD ambu- Idlib member, Ma'aret Hurma forces shells lance in an agri- Hutma centre cultural field

Ahmad al-Hallaq, Mohamad Naqoh, They were killed remains Saleh Jobran al- while working to of previ- Regime 13/12/2019 Arafat: civil de- remove remains Qastoon Hama ous mis- forces fence members of of regime previ- sile (ammunition re- ous shelling shelling moval team)

Mohannad al- He was killed Sha'ar, member Ma'arat explo- while at work Regime 30/12/2019 of civil defence, al- Idlib sive due to sheling of forces Ma'arat al- Nu'man drums residential area No'man centre

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Casualities

Date Victim Incident Area Province Actor Weapon

Isma'eel al- He sustained Naeif, civil fractures while al-Rouj work in- 15/01/2019 Idlib None defence on duty in Al- plain jury member Bala'a village

He was injured Ahmad Salah, due to shelling Russian aircraft 13/05/2019 civil defence Kafranbel Idlib on civil defence airforces missiles member centre

He was wounded by civil defence warplanes auto- Regime 14/05/2019 member at Kafer Zita Hama Firearms matic guns forces Kafr Zita while heading to do his work

they were in- Mahmud Hi- jured by war- hano & Ab- planes shelling Jisr al- Regime aircraft 22/05/2019 dulla al-Sofi, while heading Idlib Shughur forces missiles civil defence to rescue the members injured of previous strike

He sustained Mohamad al- injuries while To'meh, civil Ma'arat al- work in- 30/05/2019 while rescuing Idlib None defence Nu'man jury survivours from member under rubble

Mustafa Ha- they were in- san Mighlaj & jured while res- Walid Hasan Kafr Regime aircraft 31/05/2019 cuing the in- Idlib Kobaish, civil Owayed forces missiles jured of previ- defence ous strike members

Tariq Allouch, He was injured civil defence due to warplane Regime aircraft 02/06/2019 Balaun Idlib director at shelling on vil- forces missiles Bilion village lage south

Ahmad He was injured Dhab'an, civil due to warplane Regime aircraft 06/06/2019 Madaya Idlib defence cen- shelling on civil forces missiles tre defence team

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Victim Incident Area Province Actor Weapon Mohamad Maizar Ma- khzoom & They were in- Mahmud Ab- jured due to Ma'arat al- Russian aircraft 22/07/2019 Idlib delkareem warplane Nu'man airforces missiles Zikrah, civil shelling on city defence members

Mohamad al- They were in- Hariri & jured while res- Mahmud al- cuing the in- Ma'arat al- Russian aircraft 18/08/2019 Idlib Zikra, civil jured of previ- Nu'man airforces missiles defence ous strike at al- members Hamidiya area

Adnan He was injured Mighlaj, civil due to warplane Kafr Regime aircraft 26/08/2019 Idlib defence shelling on vil- Owayed forces missiles member lage Abdelkader He was injured al-Bdeiwi, while working work in- 07/09/2019 Idlib Idlib None civil defence on extinguish- jury member ing fire Abdelmonim Haj Ibrahim, He was injured Khan al- Un- 08/10/2019 civil defence whilst doing his Idlib Unknown Subul known member, duty Idlib

Ammar Zlito, He was injured civil defence due to artillery Regime Artillery 03/11/2019 Bdama Idlib member, shelling on the forces shells Idlib town

They were in- 3 civil de- jured due to Missiles Jisr al- Regime 04/11/2019 fence mem- missiles shelling Idlib launch- Shughur forces bers on the medical ers centre

Abdelsalam al-Khalaf, Ab- delkader al- Ahmad, Jihad They were in- al-Muhsen, jured by artil- Bassam al- lery shelling on Hamad & Ah- a field while Ma'aret Regime Artillery 12/11/2019 Idlib mad al-Naj- rescuing injured Hurma forces shells jar: volun- people from teers of previous Ma'aret shelling Hurma civil defence centre

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Victim Incident Area Province Actor Weapon

Musa Taleb, He was injured Russian aircraft 17/11/2019 civil defence in shelling on Saraqib Idlib airforces missiles volunteer the town

Ali Qiqoni, They were in- Usama al-Hu- jured by artil- sein, Ala'a lery shelling on Missiles Hawash & a field while Russian 27/11/2019 Bkafla Idlib launch- Ahmad al- rescuing injured forces ers Shughri: civil people from defence vol- previous unteers shelling

Aghiad al-Ta- He was injured han, civil de- while heading 10/12/2019 fence mem- to extinguish Akhtarin Aleppo Unknown fire ber, Akhtarin fire at Akhtarin centre hospital

Mustafa al- He was injured Ashqar, civil when he was Regime aircraft 20/12/2019 Ma'arzaf Idlib defence inspecting the forces missiles member bombing site

Mo'az Na'ous, He was injured Missiles Khan al- Regime 28/12/2019 civil defence due to shelling Idlib launch- Subul forces member of village ers

2. Targeting human elements in the medical sector

Date Victim Incident Area Province Actor Weapon Hussein al- Dairi, Para- in vicinity of Regime aircraft 05/05/2019 medic working Kafranbel Idlib Carpet factory forces missiles for Kafranbel Aid org. Fu'ad al-Kha- He was killed by laf, Paramedic explosion near explosive 14/06/2019 at aid sector al-Raqqa al-Raqqa unknown al-Rasheed park, device of primary re- city centre sponse team

Mahmud al- They were killed Mustafa, Sa'er by shelling hit Bahlul & Ab- near an Ambu- dulkader Ma'arat al- Regime aircraft 20/06/2019 lance in south- Idlib Nahtan: Para- Nu'man forces missiles ern N'hood while medics at rescuing injured Banafsaj Aid people org.

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Victim Incident Area Province Actor Weapon Sulaiman al- Yaqoob & Mustafa al- They were killed Hasan para- while heading in Russian medics at an ambulance to aircraft 27/07/2019 Kafr Zita Hama war- Kafer Zita aid rescue an in- missiles planes org and Ab- jured due to delbasit Mu- shelling the area barak, ambulance driver paramedic Mohamad They were killed Husni due to shelling Russian aircraft 14/08/2019 Moshanan and medical aid Bsiqa Idlib war- missiles ambulance point of Hama planes driver Fadi al- aid org. Omer paramedic Kamal al-Ba- He was killed Russian aircraft 11/10/2019 sal, worked due to shelling Kafroma Idlib war- missiles for al-Salam al-Salam centre planes Health centre

3. Targeting emergency rescue sector's offices and centre

Targeted Prov- Date Damage Area Actor weapon building ince civil defence medium dam- Khan Regime Artillery 13/02/2019 Idlib centre ages Shykun forces shellings

civil defence medium dam- Regime aircraft 09/03/2019 Saraqib Idlib centre ages forces missiles

civil defence Regime aircraft 10/03/2019 severe damages Morek Hama centre forces missiles Kafranbel rockets medium dam- Regime 04/04/2019 emergency aid Kafranbel Idlib launch- ages forces org. ers civil defence Russian medium dam- Qal'at al- aircraft 28/04/2019 centre, No Hama war- ages Madiq missiles 33102 planes civil defence Russian Kafr 01/05/2019 centre No severe damages Hama war- Naboza 33103 planes civil defence Russian aircraft 04/05/2019 centre at Zai- severe damages Zaizon Hama war- missiles zon planes Russian civil defence aircraft 13/05/2019 severe damages Kafranbel Idlib war- centre missiles planes Office of Mul- rockets Regime 28/05/2019 ham voluntary severe damages Kafranbel Idlib launch- forces team ers civil defence medium dam- Ma'aret Regime aircraft 29/05/2019 Idlib centre ages Hurma forces missiles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Targeted Prov- Date Damage Area Actor weapon building ince civil defence Russian Khan aircraft 11/07/2019 centre, city severe damages Idlib war- Shykun missiles east planes civil defence medium dam- Regime explosive 15/08/2019 Haish Idlib centre ages forces drums

civil defence medium dam- Regime aircraft 12/09/2019 Sfohen Idlib centre ages forces missiles

civil defence Regime 05/11/2019 severe damages Anadan Aleppo Shells centre, city forces civil defence building, Jisr al- Regime aircraft 06/11/2019 severe damages Idlib southern Shughur forces missiles N'hood Headquarters medium dam- Ma'arat al- Regime 18/12/2019 of Syrian civil Idlib Shells ages Nu'man forces defence sector

4. Targeting hospitals and medical centres

Hospital / Date centre Damages Area Province Actor Weapon National hospital, Thakana medium dam- 29/01/2019 N'hood ages al-Raqqa al-Raqqa ISIS landmines

Misyaf National medium dam- armed Artillery 16/02/2019 hospital ages Misyaf Hama factions shells

al-Hayat hospital of Obstetrics medium dam- regime aircraft 09/03/2019 and Gynecology ages Saraqib Idlib forces missiles

Saraqib emergency aid sys- medium dam- regime aircraft 16/02/2019 tem ages Saraqib Idlib forces missiles

medium dam- regime aircraft 09/03/2019 Blood bank ages Saraqib Idlib forces missiles al-Thawra Russian N'hood medical medium dam- war- aircraft 13/03/2019 centre ages Idlib Idlib planes missiles

Russian Idlib Physiother- medium dam- war- aircraft 13/03/2019 apy centre ages Idlib Idlib planes missiles

Primary care medium dam- regime Artillery 04/04/2019 medical centre ages Kafranbel Idlib forces shells

Kafranbel emer- medium dam- regime Rockets 04/04/2019 gency system ages Kafranbel Idlib forces launchers

Baghdad hospi- medium dam- Kafr Kar- explosive 27/04/2019 tal ages min Aleppo Unknown device

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Hospital / Date centre Damages Area Province Actor Weapon

Specialised hospital 111 for Gy- Russian necology & chil- severe dam- Qalat al- war- aircraft 28/04/2019 dren ages Madiq Hama planes missiles

Latamnah surgi- Russian cal hospital, lo- severe dam- war- aircraft 28/04/2019 cated in a cave ages Latamnah Hama planes missiles

Medical centre, medium dam- regime Rockets 30/04/2019 down town ages al-Habeet Idlib forces launchers

medium dam- Kafr Nab- regime Rockets 01/05/2019 Surgical unit ages boza Hama forces launchers

Medical centre medium dam- regime explosive 03/05/2019 for primary care ages al-Rakaya Idlib forces drums

slight dam- Ma'aret regime 04/05/2019 Medical centre ages Hurma Idlib forces firearms Russian Zaizoon health severe dam- war- aircraft 04/05/2019 centre ages Zaizoon Hama planes missiles Russian Nabdh al-Hayat severe dam- war- aircraft 05/05/2019 hospital ages Hass Idlib planes missiles

Tramla hospital Russian for Gynacology medium dam- war- aircraft 05/05/2019 & children ages Tramla Idlib planes missiles Russian Kafranbel surgi- severe dam- war- aircraft 05/05/2019 cal hospital ages Kafranbel Idlib planes missiles Russian surgical unit in a severe dam- war- aircraft 05/05/2019 cave ages Kafr Zita Hama planes missiles

Ihsem primary slight dam- regime aircraft 05/05/2019 care centre ages Ihsem Idlib forces missiles

al-Zirba health severe dam- regime aircraft 06/05/2019 centr ages al-Zirba Idlib forces missiles

al-Amal or- Russian thopeadic hospi- medium dam- war- aircraft 06/05/2019 tal ages Kansafra Idlib planes missiles

medium dam- Kafr regime aircraft 07/05/2019 Health centre ages Sajna Idlib forces missiles

Kafr Nabboza severe dam- Kafr Nab- regime explosive 07/05/2019 health centre ages boza Hama forces drums

al-Omairi field medium dam- Deir ez- motorcy- 07/05/2019 hospital ages al-Kishkia Zor Unknown cle bomb

severe dam- Ma'aret regime aircraft 07/05/2019 Health centre ages Hurma Idlib forces missiles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Hospital / Date centre Damages Area Province Actor Weapon Russian Kafer Zita severe dam- war- aircraft 08/05/2019 health centre ages Kafr Zita Hama planes missiles al-Ghab al- Russian Awsat health medium dam- al-Hu- war- aircraft 11/05/2019 centre ages waija Hama planes missiles

Specialised hospital 112 for Gy- Russian necology & chil- medium dam- al-Ha- war- aircraft 11/05/2019 dren ages wash Hama planes missiles

medium dam- regime aircraft 22/05/2019 al-Shifa hospital ages Saraqib Idlib forces missiles

Primary care medium dam- regime Rockets 23/05/2019 medical centre ages Karanbel Idlib forces launchers

Ibn al-Shaheed centre for Physi- medium dam- regime aircraft 25/05/2019 otherapy ages al-Barah Idlib forces missiles

Dar al-Hikma severe dam- regime Rockets 28/05/2019 hospital ages Karanbel Idlib forces launchers

medium dam- Khan regime Rockets 28/05/2019 Surgical unit ages Shykhun Idlib forces launchers

Medical centre, severe dam- regime aircraft 01/06/2019 down town ages Ihsem Idlib forces missiles

al-Khateeb hos- medium dam- regime Rockets 03/06/2019 pital ages Kafranbel Idlib forces launchers

Dar al-Salam hospital for gy- severe dam- regime Rockets 10/06/2019 necology ages Karanbel Idlib forces launchers Russian Medical centre, medium dam- war- aircraft 14/06/2019 down town ages Kafr Zita Hama planes missiles

Medical centre, severe dam- regime aircraft 14/06/2019 down town ages Ihsem Idlib forces missiles

Haish medical severe dam- regime aircraft 15/06/2019 centre ages Haish Idlib forces missiles

Kafranbel surgi- severe dam- regime aircraft 04/07/2019 cal hospital ages Kafranbel Idlib forces missiles

Jisr al-Shughur surgical hospital, knows al- severe dam- Jisr al- regime aircraft 10/07/2019 Kalawi hospital ages Shughur Idlib forces missiles Ma'arat al- Nu'man hospital, know Na- slight dam- Ma'arat regime aircraft 10/07/2019 tional hospital ages al-Nu'man Idlib forces missiles medium dam- regime aircraft 10/07/2019 Medical centre ages Saraqib Idlib forces missiles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Hospital / Date centre Damages Area Province Actor Weapon

medium dam- regime explosive 10/07/2019 Medical centre ages Kafrroma Idlib forces drums

Jisr al-Shughur surgical hospital, knows al- severe dam- Jisr al- regime aircraft 12/07/2019 Kalawi hospital ages Shughur Idlib forces missiles Civil defence ladies centre, specialised in emergency aid Russian to ladies and severe dam- Jisr al- war- aircraft 18/07/2019 children ages Shughur Idlib planes missiles Russian Jisr al-Shughur medium dam- Jisr al- war- aircraft 18/07/2019 medical centre ages Shughur Idlib planes missiles al-Salam hospi- Russian tal, Eastern medium dam- Ma'arat war- aircraft 22/07/2019 N'hood ages al-Nu'man Idlib planes missiles Russian al-Rahma surgi- severe dam- war- aircraft 21/08/2019 cal hospital ages Telmns Idlib planes missiles Russian severe dam- war- aircraft 24/08/2019 Medical centre ages al-Tah Idlib planes missiles Martyr Mayassar Russian al-Hamdo hospi- severe dam- al-Gha- war- aircraft 27/08/2019 tal ages dafa Idlib planes missiles

al-Zirba health severe dam- regime aircraft 30/08/2019 centr ages al-Zirba Aleppo forces missiles

al-Iman hospital Russian for Gyncology severe dam- Oram al- war- aircraft 31/08/2019 and children ages Kubra Aleppo planes missiles

medium dam- regime Artillery 13/09/2019 Kiwan hospital ages Kansafra Idlib forces shells medium dam- 15/09/2019 al-Ra'I hospital ages al-Ra'i Aleppo Unknown Car bomb

al-Salam private severe dam- al-Sheikh al-Hasa- 19/09/2019 hospital ages Hamad keh Unknown Car bomb Bahar maternity centre, Yalanqoz medium dam- 24/09/2019 St ages Jandarees Aleppo Unknown Car bomb

Primary care medium dam- Ma'arat regime Artillery 03/10/2019 medical centre ages al-Nu'man Idlib forces shells Centre of al- Mahmoudiah clinics, al- Mahmoudiah medium dam- explosive 12/10/2019 N'hood ages Afrin Aleppo Unknown device Medical clinic, medium dam- Jisr al- regime missiles 04/11/2019 Jisr al-Shughur ages Shughur Idlib forces launchers

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Hospital / Date centre Damages Area Province Actor Weapon

Medical centre, medium dam- al- regime aircraft 04/11/2019 al-Bashiriah ages Bashiriah Idlib forces missiles al-Ikhlas hospi- Russian tal, south east severe dam- war- aircraft 06/11/2019 village ages Shanan Idlib planes missiles Russian Karanbel surgi- medium dam- war- aircraft 06/11/2019 cal hospital ages Kafranbel Idlib planes missiles

civil defence women point in severe dam- Jisr al- regime aircraft 06/11/2019 city ages Shughur Idlib forces missiles Medical centre, Russian al-Bawabiah vil- medium dam- al-Bawa- war- aircraft 09/11/2019 lage ages biah Aleppo planes missiles

Sham central hospital of Free Hama Health Di- severe dam- regime explosive 16/11/2019 rectorate ages Kafranbel Idlib forces drums

Maternity hospital supported by medium dam- regime Artillery 20/11/2019 SAMS ages Qah camp Idlib forces Rockets Adnan Kiwan surgical hospital for women and Russian children, sup- severe dam- war- aircraft 24/11/2019 ported by SIMA ages Kansafra Idlib planes missiles al-Rawdah hospital for women severe dam- regime explosive 26/11/2019 & children ages Kafranbel Idlib forces drums

The National slight dam- Artillery 30/11/2019 hospital ages Azaz Aleppo SDF shells Martyr Mayassar al-Hamdo hospi- severe dam- al-Gha- regime explosive 17/12/2019 tal ages dafa Idlib forces drums Ma'arat al- Nu'man emergency centre of Banafsaj org. for Relief & De- medium dam- Ma'arat regime 18/12/2019 velopment ages al-Nu'man Idlib forces shells

5. Targeting Vehicles

Targeted vehi- Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon cles ince

two ambulances of Syria org. for medium dam- Car 18/02/2019 Idlib Idlib Unknown relief & develop- ages bomb ment

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Targeted vehi- Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon cles ince two ambulances medium dam- Car 18/02/2019 Idlib Idlib Unknown of civil defence ages bomb

ambulance of Rockets medium dam- Khan Regime 01/03/2019 civil defence, Idlib Launch- ages Shykhun forces eastern N'hood ers

Fire engin & ser- Rockets medium dam- Jisr al- Regime 06/03/2019 vice car of civil Idlib Launch- ages Shughur forces defence ers

two rescue and service cars of medium dam- Jisr al- Russian aircraft 09/03/2019 Idlib civil defence, al- ages Shughur warplanes missiles Mintar village

civil defence medium dam- Regime Artillery 16/03/2019 evacuation vehi- al-Sharia Hama ages forces shells cles

civil defence ve- medium dam- al-Ham- Regime Artillery 23/04/2019 Idlib hicle ages boshiah forces shells

ambulance of explo- west Aleppo Kafr Kar- 27/04/2019 slight damages Aleppo Unknown sive de- emergncy aid min vice system

civil defence two explo- medium dam- Kafr 01/05/2019 ambulances, cen- Hama Unknown sive de- ages Naboda tre 33103 vice

civil defence ser- medium dam- Kafr Regime Artillery 01/05/2019 vice car & Trex Aleppo ages Hamra forces shells vehicle

civil defence am- Kafr Russian aircraft 02/05/2019 bulance, centre severe damages Hama Naboda warplanes missiles 33103

civil defence am- Russian aircraft 04/05/2019 bulance, Haish severe damages al-Rakaya Idlib warplanes missiles centre

ambulance of al- medium dam- Regime aircraft 22/05/2019 Saraqib Idlib Shifa hospital ages forces missiles

civil defence am- Jisr al- Regime aircraft 22/05/2019 slight damages Idlib bulance Shughur forces missiles

civil defence am- Explo- Regime 23/05/2019 bulance, centre severe damages Latamneh Hama sive forces 33102 drums

civil defence am- medium dam- Ma'aret Regime aircraft 04/06/2019 bulance & fire Idlib ages Hurma forces missiles engin

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Targeted vehi- Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon cles ince Banafsaj system Ma'arat Regime aircraft 20/06/2019 severe damages Idlib ambulance al-Nu'man forces missiles

ambulance, fire engin & two ser- medium dam- Khan Russian aircraft 11/07/2019 Idlib vice vehicles of ages Shykhun warplanes missiles Sham Org.

civil defence Russian aircraft 13/07/2019 three rescue ve- severe damages Murek Hama warplanes missiles hicles ambulance of medium dam- Regime aircraft 16/07/2019 civil defence, al- al-Hawash Hama ages forces missiles Hawash centre Explo- civil defence am- medium dam- Khan Regime 19/07/2019 Idlib sive bulance ages Shykhun forces drums civil defence res- Russian aircraft 01/08/2019 severe damages Latamneh Hama cue vehicle warplanes missiles

civil defence res- Russian aircraft 05/08/2019 severe damages Murek Hama cue vehicle warplanes missiles

ambulance of Russian aircraft 14/08/2019 Hama emergency severe damages Bsiqa Idlib warplanes missiles aid System

civil defence am- Ma'arat Russian aircraft 17/08/2019 severe damages Idlib bulance al-Nu'man warplanes missiles

civil defence am- medium dam- Regime aircraft 12/09/2019 Sfohen Idlib bulance ages forces missiles 4 civil defence Regime Artillery 03/11/2019 severe damages Anadan Aleppo vehicles forces shells

civil defence am- missiles medium dam- Jisr al- Regime 04/11/2019 bulance, eastern Idlib launch- ages Shughur forces N'hood ers

civil defence am- Ma'aret Regime Artillery 12/11/2019 bulance & service severe damages Idlib Hurma forces shells car missiles civil defence am- medium dam- Regime 15/11/2019 al-Barah Idlib launch- bulance, Baulon ages forces ers

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Media and Journalism

Media workers in Syria continued to be targeted for the eighth consecutive year. Syria was ranked first in the world this year for the number of journalists killed in the line of duty, according to “Reporters Without Borders”.

SHRC documented 8 journalists and media activists killed over the course of 2019, with 26 wounded--most of them during indiscriminate bombing or as a result of bombs and gunfire during their coverage of the fighting.

SHRC defines a media worker as anyone who works for an official media organisation, and whose main income comes from journalism--whether through directly working as a journalist, or in support of journalism, such as photography. A media activist is anyone who works for an unofficial media organisation, such as Facebook news pages, or does not depend on journalistic work as a main source of income.

This is the definition used by SHRC and by most other documentation groups, although in an approximate sense as it is not always possible in Syria’s case to ascertain precisely whether someone who works in media relies on such work as a main income source, or whether media organisations inside Syria are officially registered or not.

SHRC classifies media workers of any armed party as media activists, unless evidence emerges that they had participated in fighting.

In addition to the killings and attempted killings, media workers continued to face pressures this year, including detainment, threats, prevention of obtaining information and other means of restricting press freedom.

This year, Syria ranked 174th out of 180 countries listed in the Word Press Freedom Index released by Reporters Without Borders.

Documentation by SHRC showed that all local parties active in Syria practised some form of harassment against the media.

This year was also notable in that journalists loyal to the regime itself were also targeted--it appears that this was a result of a struggle for power centres that formed within the regime over the course of the war.

On April 11, the Cybercrimes Branch arrested media worker Muhammad Hersho, founder of the pro-regime “Hashtag Syria” website, on the pretext that he had published news related to the cancellation of gas subsidies. Hersho was released after a number of weeks.

On May 12, Political Security arrested media workers Ra’eef Salameh, who works as a war correspondent for a number of channels including the Iranian al-A’lam channel, on accusations that he was administering a Facebook page attacking the Minister of Health. Salameh was later released on June 13. But

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

on August 15, he was arrested yet again due to a number of reports he had prepared.

On May 17, pro-regime journalist Ali Hassoun announced he was leaving behind journalism indefinitely due to his anger over what happened to colleague Ra’eef Salameh.

And on May 18, pro-regime war correspondent Yasser al-Omar also retired from journalism, fearing what he described as a potential “encounter” with prison, investigation or interrogation.

On August 9, security forces released Wissam al-Teir, director and founder of the pro-regime “Damascus Now” network. Al-Teir had been arrested on December 19, 2018 for unknown reasons. He was not given a trial during his time in prison. Damascus Now continued publishing after his arrest, without mentioning the case.

Anas Diab, journalist & civil defence member, killed due to Russian air strike in Idlib province, 21/7/2019

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Documenting Violations against Journalists during 2019 1- Killing of Journalists & Media Workers

Date Incident Area Province Actor Weapon Family of media activist Bilal Abdel-Kafi al-Mo- hamad learnt through Civil Registry Dept that Tel Dha- Regime 03/02/2019 Homs Torture he died in custody, ar- hab forces resed by security checkpoint at Kafra'a village, Hama on 28/8/2013 The journalist at Moham- bel civil defence centre in Idlib countryside Mahmud Abdel-Al was killed due to Jisr al- Russian aircraft 09/03/2019 Russian warplanes strikes Idlib Shughur warplanes missiles on al-Mintar village, while heading with civil defence team to rescue casualities from previous shelling The media activist Nasif al-Sirmani was killed due Khan Regime Artillery 10/03/2019 to artillery shelling while Idlib Shykhun forces shells filming previous shelling scene The media activist Amjad Bakir was killed due to warplanes strikes on town Regime aircraft 18/06/2019 outskirts while he was Latamneh Hama forces missiles covering battles between regime forces and armed factions The media activist Omer al-Dimashqi died in a Turkish hospital due to explosive 23/06/2019 Sarmada Idlib unknown wounds sustained due to device explosive device placed under his car on 17/6/19 The civil defence journalist Anas al-Diyab was killed due to Russian war- Khan Russian aircraft 21/07/2019 Idlib planes shelling of the Shykhun warplanes missiles western N'hood while media covering of the strikes Corresponden of he kurdish Cira tev, Mohamad Ras al- Turkish Tanks 14/10/2019 al-Hasakeh Hussein Risho was killed Ayn forces shells by a tank shell

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Member of Kafroma media centre Abdelhamid al- Russian aircraft 10/11/2019 Yusef was killed by the Kafroma Idlib warplanes missiles Russian warplanes strikes on the village.

2. Injured Journalists & Media Workers

Date Incident Area Province Actor Weapon Orient channel reporter Yaman al-Sayed was in- Rif Di- Regime aircraft 02/01/2019 Arbin jured due to shelling on mashq forces missiles the city

The journalist Ahmad al- Khateeb, known as Kateeb al-Idlibi, reporter Regime Rockets 09/02/2019 Telmens Idlib of Idlib media centre was forces Launchers injured while media covering of previous shelling

The reporters: Ammar al- Hamado, Amer Zaydan, Mohamad al-Ashqar & Iyad al-Asmar were injured due to the explo- Idlib Idlib unknwon car bomb sions of two car bombs at al-Qusoor N'hood, down town whilst covering the scen of the first car explosion

The reporter of Inab Baladi foundation, Iyad Regime Artillery 18/02/2019 Abuljood was wounded al-Huwaiz Hama forces shells while covering the shelling

The media activist Bashar al-Sheikh was wounded Kafr Nab- Regime 28/04/2019 Hama firearm by firearms while cover- boda forces ing shelling of the town

The media activist Ayham Ma'arat al-Bayoush was wounded Regime aircraft 17/05/2019 al- Idlib while covering shelling on forces missiles Nu'man the northern N'hood.

The journalist Mostafa al- Khalaf, reporter of Syria Russian aircraft 24/05/2019 TV was wounded while al-Habeet Idlib warplanes missiles covering shelling on the village

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Incident Area Province Actor Weapon

The journalist Mostafa al- Dahnon, reporter of al- Russian aircraft 24/05/2019 Jisr satellite channel was al-Habeet Idlib warplanes missiles wounded while covering shelling on the village

The media activist Omer al-Dimashq was wounded explosive 17/06/2019 al-Dana Idlib unknwon by explosive device device planted under his car

The media activist Morshed Haj Ibrahim was Regime aircraft 19/06/2019 Kansafra Idlib wounded due to shelling forces missiles of his house The media activist Munir al-Haji, his wife and baby girl were wounded due to Jisr al- Regime aircraft 10/07/2019 Idlib shelling the vicinity of Shughur forces missiles their house in al-Jam'iah N'hodd

The media activist Mahmud al-Hamwi was Regime aircraft 16/08/2019 al-Tah Hama wounded due to shelling forces missiles on the village

Eigh Kurdish correspon- dens were injured when the group were hit by Turkish tanks shells. They are: 1- Hunr Ahmad, correspondent of RODAW 2- Delsoz Dildar, correspondent of North Press NPA, 3- Arsin Jaxo, correspondent of Furat, 4- Turkish 13/10/2019 Amal Yunes, correspond- al-Hasakeh al-Hasakeh forces ent of STER TV, 5- Mo- hamad Akinji, correspondent of HAWAR, 6- Berjan Yadez, correspondent of HAWAR, 7- Rozin Akin, correspondent of HAWAR. 8- Abdel Rashid Mohamad Mo- hamad, correspondent of ORKISH Radio

Correspondent of the Syrian Akhbariah channel Fadel Hammad and two Um cameramen Walid Ibra- Turkish Tanks 09/11/2019 Shaghi- al-Hasakeh him & Mohamad al-Khalid forces shells fah injured by Turkish tank shells at Um Shaghifah, Ras al-Ayn

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

3. Arrest & Abduction Date Incident Area Province Actor Regime forces arrested Jordanian journalist Umair al-Gharaybeh while leaving Syr- 12/02/2019 Nasib Daraa Regime forces ian territories to Jordan, he is still in cus- today to date Armed members of HTS arrested media activist Majed al-Omari who works for Oram al- 19/02/2019 Aleppo HTS STEP Agency while summoned to HTS Kubra court Armed members of HTS arrested media activist Mohamad al-Qadour by raiding 12/03/2019 Kafranbel Idlib HTS his house and taking him to unknown destination.

SDF armed members arrested the journalist new Horizon Elias Hasan Ubbo and 10/08/2019 media director of Future Makers org. Sa- al-Raqqa al-Raqqa SDF lah al-Kai' and drove then to unknown destination SDC armed members arrested Fateh Raslan, reporter of STEP Agecy & camerman at al-Amin humanitarian org. and 28/08/2019 Idlib Idlib HTS Mohamad Da'bul, camerman at STEP Agency. They were driven to SDF detention centre HTS armed members arrested media ac- 11/09/2019 tivist Ahmad Rahal from his house and Idlib Idlib HTS took him to unknown destination. SDF armed members arrested Sa'ad Anzi, charging him with collaborating with 30/09/2019 Ayn Issa al-Raqqa SDF Anadolia Agency & Turkish authorities and filiming its military sites for them HTS armed members arrested director of media office of al-Amin humanitarian org. 25/10/2019 Deir Ballout Idlib HTS while crossing one of its checkpoints, and drove him to unknown destination HTS armed members arrested media activist Kinana Hindawi who works for 21/11/2019 Thiqah agency while crossing al-Bayadah al-Rami Idlib HTS checkpoint near al-Rami village, and took him to unknown destination.

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Education and Educational Institutions

Education in Syria has continued to bear the burden of the violations and crimes committed over the past eight years. These violations have had a massive impact on the number of children who have been able to register for school in Syria and countries of refuge, and on the quality of education they receive.

According to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), two out of every five schools in Syria were out of service in 2019.

SHRC has also documented 177 schools targeted in 2019, a major increase compared with 2018, when 64 schools were hit.

Around 2.8 million Syrian children are now estimated by UNICEF to be outside of school, including 40% of children aged 15-17.

The number of Palestinian students in Syria receiving services from the UN’s Palestine refugee agency, UNRWA, reached 26,000 in 2019, though the agency also said that there are around 5,000 Palestinian children to whom it could no longer provide educational services --especially those who had been forced to flee their camps.

UNRWA noted that many of its schools had shut down after facing damage, or due to their locations in military zones. Some 29 schools had closed down in Damascus’ Yarmouk Palestinian refugee camp alone.

Educational conditions for refugee children varied by host country. In Turkey, which hosts the greatest number of Syrian refugees, the Turkish Education Ministry estimated in mid-2019 that 325,000 out of 756,000 children of school age were formally attending school. Human Rights Watch meanwhile estimates there are 930,000 Syrian children of school age living in Turkey.

In Lebanon, 245,000 Syrian children are formally obtaining an education, whether in private or public schools, while those not attending school in any form number about 250,000, 95% of whom are preparatory and secondary school age.

And in Jordan, 145,000 of 225,000 Syrian school-age children are attending school.

From these numbers, it appears that more than half of Syrian children living in the three main refugee-hosting countries are not obtaining an education. Most of them are in the preparatory and secondary school range, and therefore will be going through life with only a very limited education which will hinder their future competitiveness on the job market.

These numbers also reflect a dangerous future inequality, as millions of children who did not obtain an education or who obtained only a very limited education are located mostly within areas that came outside the control of the

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

regime. These areas will face a severe development crisis as a result of the lack of education, in comparison with areas that remained under regime control and where education was not interrupted.

Higher education in Syria continued to face a number of challenges that impact the quality of instruction obtained by students--in particular, the interference of the security apparatus in the educational system. This includes direct involvement in appointing teaching staff and choosing scholarships abroad, as well as influencing the quality of curricula provided and the views expressed by students and staff members.

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Targeting Education Sector through 2019

Education Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon Institution ince Abna' al-Sham slight armed 09/01/2019 Atmeh Idlib Mortar shells scl damages factions al-Kashkiya boys scl, Severe Deir ez- 29/01/2019 al-Kashkiya unknown Burning known al- damages Zor Mohmideh al-Yarmouk slight Regime Missiles 06/02/2019 Jarganaz Idlib scl damages forces launchers

Martyr Ahmad Medium Khan Shyk- Regime 13/02/2019 al-Yusef girl Idlib Artillery shells damages hun forces secondary scl

al-Mahabba slight Khan Shyk- Regime 16/02/2019 Idlib Artillery shells nursery damages hun forces Abdel-Karim slight Ma'arat al- Regime Missiles 17/02/2019 al-Ramadan Idlib damages Nu'man forces launchers scl Martyr Omer Severe Regime Missiles 17/02/2019 Babolin Idlib al-Alon scl damages forces launchers Girls prepara- slight Regime 21/02/2019 tory scl, East- Anadan Aleppo Artillery shells damages forces ern N'hood Akram Ali al- Medium Qal'at al- Regime 05/03/2019 Hama Artillery shells Ahmad scl damages Madiq forces al-Furqan Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 07/03/2019 Saraqib Idlib nursaery damages forces siles Najib Arnos Severe Regime Missiles 10/03/2019 for Essential al-Tah Idlib damages forces launchers education Girls scl for Medium Ma'aret Regime Missiles 12/03/2019 Essential edu- Idlib damages Hurma forces launchers cation Yusuf al-Azma Russian Medium 13/03/2019 scl for Essen- Idlib Idlib war- Aircraft shells damages tial education planes Ma'mun Haj Yahiya scl for Medium Jisr al- Regime Missiles 16/03/2019 Idlib Essential edu- damages Shughur forces launchers cation slight Explosive de- 23/03/2019 al-Wahda scl Idlib Idlib unknown damages vice Medium Explosive de- 25/03/2019 Anormia scl al-Dana Idlib unknown damages vice Tahtaya scl Medium Regime 29/03/2019 for Essential Tahtaya Idlib Artillery shells damages forces education al-Sehriya scl Medium Regime 03/04/2019 for Essential al-Sehriya Hama Artillery shells damages forces education

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Education Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon Institution ince Abu Bakr al- Siddiq scl for Medium Regime Missiles 04/04/2019 Kafranbel Idlib Essential edu- damages forces launchers cation Ahmad Sablo Medium Explosive de- 06/04/2019 Ariha Idlib unknown scl damages vice Mos'ab Ibn Umair scl for Essential edu- Medium Regime Missiles 07/04/2019 al-Nairab Idlib cation in damages forces launchers southern N'hood al-Siddiq Sha- Medium Regime 07/04/2019 Saraqib Idlib Artillery shells ria institute damages forces Adnan al-Mal- iki secondary slight Khan Shyk- Regime Missiles 13/04/2019 Idlib scl, northern damages hun forces launchers N'hood al-Bayan educational insti- slight Khan Shyk- Regime Missiles 14/04/2019 Idlib tute, western damages hun forces launchers N'hood

al-Huwaiz elementary, pre- Severe Regime 16/04/2019 al-Huwaiz Hama Artillery shells paratory and damages forces scondary scls al-Zuhur scl Severe Regime Missiles 17/04/2019 for Essential Abu Habba Idlib damages forces launchers education Abdel-Majed Haj Bakri scl Medium Khan Shyk- Regime Missiles 23/04/2019 Idlib for Essential damages hun forces launchers education al-Hamboshia Medium Regime Missiles 23/04/2019 scl for Essen- al-Hamboshia Idlib damages forces launchers tial education Martyr Khaled al-Najm scl for Medium Khan Shyk- Regime 23/04/2019 Idlib Artillery shells Essential edu- damages hun forces cation Martyr Khaled al-Najm scl for Medium Khan Shyk- Regime Missiles 25/04/2019 Essential edu- Idlib damages hun forces launchers cation, second time in 2 days Yahia Dohnain slight Explosive de- 26/04/2019 Idlib Idlib unknown scl damages vice

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Education Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon Institution ince Fawaz Haj Hu- sein primary & Akram Ali al- Russian Ahmad pre- Medium Qal'at al- Aircraft mis- 28/04/2019 Hama war- paratory & damages Madiq siles planes secondary scls, northern N'hood al-Huwaiz ele- Russian mentary, pre- Severe 28/04/2019 al-Huwaiz Hama war- Artillery shells paratory and damages planes scondary scls al-Qassabiya Russian Severe 30/04/2019 scl for Essen- al-Qassabiya Idlib war- aircaft missiles damages tial education planes Urainiba pri- Medium Regime Explosive 30/04/2019 Urainiba Idlib mary scl damages forces drums Khaled Musa secondary, Khawla for Es- Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 03/05/2019 al-Habeet Idlib sential educa- damages forces siles tion & al-Qa- disiya scl Iqra scl for Severe Regime Explosive 03/05/2019 Kansafra Idlib Essential scl damages forces drums Group of 4 scls: al-Mad- rasa al-Rifiya, Ahmad Yasin primary, Severe Ma'aret Regime Missiles 03/05/2019 Idlib Ma'aret damages Hurma forces launchers Hurma female scl & Ma'ret Hurma scondary scl Ali Bin Abu Medium Regime Explosive 04/05/2019 Taleb second- Sfohen Idlib damages forces drums ary scl Martyr Khaled al-Bakoor scl Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 04/05/2019 al-Habeet Idlib for Essential damages forces siles education Russian al-Laj primary Medium Aircraft mis- 04/05/2019 al-Laj Idlib war- scl damages siles planes Russian Arnaba pri- Medium Aircraft mis- 04/05/2019 Arnaba Idlib war- mary scl damages siles planes Severe Regime Explosive 04/05/2019 Iqra scl Kansafra Idlib damages forces drums Russian Tramla pri- Medium Aircraft mis- 05/05/2019 Tramla Idlib war- mary scl damages siles planes

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Education Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon Institution ince Deir Sunbul Medium Regime Explosive 05/05/2019 Deir Sunbul Idlib primary scl damages forces drums Medical tech- nical institute Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 07/05/2019 Kafr Sijna Aleppo of Aleppo free damages forces siles university Girls second- Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 07/05/2019 Kafr Sijna Aleppo ary scl damages forces siles Russian Industrial scl, Medium Aircraft mis- 07/05/2019 Kafranbel Idlib war- city north damages siles planes Mostafa Haj Russian Severe Aircraft mis- 07/05/2019 Husein pri- Ihsem Idlib war- damages siles mary scl planes al-Rifi scl and Girls prepara- Severe Regime Explosive 07/05/2019 tory & sec- Kansafra Idlib damages forces drums ondary agricultural scl al-Naqir scl Russian Medium Aircraft mis- 08/05/2019 for Essential al-Naqir Idlib war- damages siles education planes Sarja second- Russian Severe Aircraft mis- 09/05/2019 ary scl, town Sarja Idlib war- damages siles east planes Shnan scl for Russian Medium 09/05/2019 Essential edu- Shnan Idlib war- aircaft missiles damages cation planes Abdel-Rahman al-Naser scl Severe Jisr al- Regime Aircraft mis- 14/05/2019 Idlib for Essential damages Shughur forces siles education al-Bireh Medium Khan Shyk- Regime Aircraft mis- 15/05/2019 Idlib southern scl damages hun forces siles Ibn-ul-Qaeim Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 15/05/2019 Haish Idlib primary scl damages forces siles

group of 3 scls: Mohda- tha Kafr medium Regime Aircraft mis- 16/05/2019 Sajna, Ajial Kafr Sijna Idlib damages forces siles al-Mustaqbal and Hamza al- Khateeb scls

Ajial al-Ghad Severe Khan Shyk- Regime Aircraft mis- 16/06/2019 for Essential Idlib damages hun forces siles education scl Fadhl al- Khateeb for slight Regime Aircraft mis- 17/05/2019 Kafranbel Idlib Essential edu- damages forces siles cation scl al-Farahidi for Medium Khan Shyk- Regime Aircraft mis- 21/05/2019 Essential edu- Idlib damages hun forces siles cation scl

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Education Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon Institution ince Ruqaiyyah Severe Jisr al- Regime Aircraft mis- 22/05/2019 bint Malik sec- Idlib damages Shughur forces siles ondary scl scl at al-Bar- Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 22/05/2019 al-Barrah Idlib rah damages forces siles

Maysalun for Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 22/05/2019 Essential edu- Kafr Sijna Idlib damages forces siles cation scl Iqra for Es- Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 23/05/2019 sential educa- Kafr Owayed Idlib damages forces siles tion scl Abu Bakr al- Siddiq scl for Medium Regime Missiles 23/05/2019 Kafranbel Idlib Essential edu- damages forces launchers cation Abdel-Majed Haj Bakri scl medium Khan Shyk- Regime Explosive 23/05/2019 Idlib for Essential damages hun forces drums education Gils scl for Es- Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 25/05/2019 sential educa- Kansafra Idlib damages forces siles tion Maysalun for Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 27/05/2019 Essential edu- Kafr Sijna Idlib damages forces siles cation scl al-Sheikh Mo- stafa rural scl Severe Regime Explosive 27/05/2019 Idlib for Essential damages forces drums education Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 28/05/2019 scl downtown Deir Sunbol Idlib damages forces siles Bara'em al- Mustaqbal Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 28/05/2019 preparatory Haish Idlib damages forces siles scl & nearby scl Ahmad al- Nasr scl for Medium Khan Shyk- Regime Aircraft mis- 29/05/2019 Idlib Essential edu- damages hun forces siles cation Basmat al- Amal scl for Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 29/05/2019 Hazarin Idlib Essential edu- damages forces siles cation Martyr Yahia al-Hasan scl Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 01/06/2019 Bsqala Idlib for Essential damages forces siles education Bdama sec- slight Regime 02/06/2019 Bdama Idlib Artillery shells ondary scl damages forces Martyr Fajr al- Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 03/06/2019 Haish Idlib Isma'il scl damages forces siles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Education Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon Institution ince Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 04/06/2019 Sfohn boys scl Sfohen Idlib damages forces siles Ahmad Ta'an Medium Khan Shyk- Regime Missiles 04/06/2019 scl for Essen- Idlib damages hun forces launchers tial education Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 08/06/2019 Sfohn girls scl Sfohen Idlib damages forces siles Um Neir pri- slight Regime Aircraft mis- 08/06/2019 Um Neir Idlib mary scl damages forces siles Murek girls medium Regime Aircraft mis- 09/06/2019 Murek Hama scondary scl damages forces siles al-Awdah pri- Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 10/06/2019 Haish Idlib mary scl damages forces siles Tabish pri- Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 11/06/2019 Tabish Idlib mary scl damages forces siles Sfohen boys slight Regime Aircraft mis- 13/06/2019 Sfohen Idlib scl damages forces siles Ihsem girls Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 14/06/2019 preparatory Ihsem Idlib damages forces siles scl Russian Severe Aircraft mis- 14/06/2019 The Rural scl Kafr Zita Hama war- damages siles planes Martyr Hasan al-Madwar for Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 15/06/2019 al-Barrah Idlib Essential edu- damages forces siles cation Deir Sunbul medium Regime 16/06/2019 scl for Essen- Deir Sunbul Hama Artillery shells damages forces tial education Mu'awiya bin Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 19/06/2019 Maret Hurma Idlib Abi Sufian scl damages forces siles Abu Thar al- Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 23/06/2019 Ghifari pri- Sfohen Idlib damages forces siles mary scl School for Es- slight Regime Aircraft mis- 23/06/2019 sential educa- Josef Idlib damages forces siles tion Martyr Wa- Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 26/06/2019 heed Yusef Kafr Sijna Idlib damages forces siles primary scl Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 02/07/2019 Jabala girls scl Jabala Idlib damages forces siles New Muqa Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 06/07/2019 preparatory Muqa Idlib damages forces siles scl Abu Habba scl for Essential Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 06/07/2019 education, Abu Habba Idlib damages forces siles known al- Zuhoor scl

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Education Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon Institution ince al-Funoon al- Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 10/07/2019 Ariha Idlib Jamila scl damages forces siles Martyr Abdel- Medium Regime Explosive 10/07/2019 Hameed Qaddi Kar Roma Idlib damages forces drums scl Martyr Omer Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 10/07/2019 al-Alon pri- Babolin Idlib damages forces siles mary scl Martyr Mo- Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 13/07/2019 stafa Abdel- Murek Idlib damages forces siles Qader scl Martyr Mo- Severe Jisr al- Regime Aircraft mis- 16/07/2019 stafa Abdel- Idlib damages Shughur forces siles Qader scl Russian Medium Khan Shyk- Aircraft mis- 19/07/2019 al-Atawi scl Idlib war- damages hun siles planes Russian al-Rakaya Severe Aircraft mis- 20/07/2019 al-Rakaya Idlib war- secondary scl damages siles planes al-Naqir scl Severe Regime Explosive 20/07/2019 for Essential al-Naqir Idlib damages forces drums education Preparatory Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 21/07/2019 Oram Aljoz Idlib scl damages forces siles al-Farouq al- Severe Regime Explosive 22/07/2019 Kafr Roma Idlib Gharbia scl damages forces drums Najdat al- Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 22/07/2019 Khaled girls Saraqib Idlib damages forces siles secondary scl campus of 2 scls: Martyr Mahmud al- Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 23/07/2019 Shawwa pri- Haish Idlib damages forces siles mary scl & Ibn al-Qayem preparatory scl Ibn Hayyan Medium Regime Explosive 25/07/2019 scl for Essen- Kafr Roma Idlib damages forces drums tial education Russian Ahmad Jum'a Severe Aircraft mis- 26/07/2019 Murek Hama war- Arabi scl damages siles planes al-Mozrah pri- Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 27/07/2019 al-Mozrah Idlib mary scl damages forces siles Martyr Ahmad Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 01/08/2019 Kafranbel Idlib al-Aloush scl damages forces siles Khawla bint al- slight 07/08/2019 al-Azwar sec- al-Qahtania Hasa- unknown car bomb damages ondary scl keh Sand orphans Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 11/08/2019 Hass Idlib private scl damages forces siles Muqa primary Medium Regime Explosive 11/08/2019 Muqa Idlib scl damages forces drums

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Education Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon Institution ince Abu al-Ala' Medium Ma'arat al- Regime Aircraft mis- 14/08/2019 girls second- Idlib damages Nu'man forces siles ary scl campus of 2 scls: Hussein Severe Regime Explosive 15/08/2019 al-Ali scl & Haish Idlib damages forces drums Tareq bin Ziyad scl Basmat al- medium Regime Aircraft mis- 17/08/2019 Hazarin Idlib Amal scl damages forces siles Industrial al- boys second- Medium 18/08/2019 Qamishli Hasa- unknown car bomb ary scl, al-Ar- damages keh bawiya N'hood al-Bashiriya Medium Regime Aircraft mis- 21/08/2019 rural primary al-Bashiriya Idlib damages forces siles scl Ja'far bin Abi Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 24/08/2019 al-Naqir Idlib Taleb scl damages forces siles Ihsem girls Russian Severe Aircraft mis- 26/08/2019 preparatory Ihsem Idlib war- damages siles scl planes Martyr Hay- Severe Regime Missiles 08/09/2019 tham al-Bay- Kafranbel Idlib damages forces launchers oush scl Mohamad Medium Regime 08/09/2019 Ta'eh Othman Telmns Idlib Artillery shells damages forces scl slight 13/09/2019 al-Uruba scl Afrin Aleppo SDF Artillery shells damages Kafr Owyed Severe Regime Missiles 21/09/2019 Kafr Owayed Idlib girls scl damages forces launchers Medium Regime 28/09/2019 A'idoon scl Hortah Hama Artillery shells damages forces al-Rabiya scl. Medium Regime 12/10/2019 For essential Kafroma Idlib Artillery shells damages forces education Ismael Latah slight Regime Missiles 12/10/2019 al-Barrah Idlib Scl damages forces launchers al-Janodiah medium Regime 27/10/2019 al-Janodiah Idlib Artillery shells Scl. For girls damages forces Russian slight Aircraft mis- 31/10/2019 al-Biras Scl. Kafranbel Idlib war- damages siles planes Preparatory Severe Regime Missiles 01/11/2019 Bdama Idlib scl damages forces launchers A school in Medium Jisr al- Regime Aircraft mis- 04/11/2019 Idlib town damages Shughur forces siles Ali Bin Abu Severe Jisr al- Regime Aircraft mis- 06/11/2019 Idlib Taleb scl damages Shughur forces siles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Education Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon Institution ince Zakariya Akta' Medium Jisr al- Regime Aircraft mis- 08/11/2019 Idlib Scl damages Shughur forces siles Nu'man al- Russian Haji scl. For Medium Aircraft mis- 09/11/2019 al-Kindah Idlib war- essential edu- damages siles planes cation a campus of schools: Ah- mad Mighlaj, 1st cycle; Ah- mad Mighlaj, Severe Regime Missiles 12/11/2019 Kafr Owayed Idlib 2nd cycle, damages forces launchers Kafr Owayed for boys & Kafr Owayed for girls Teachers Russian Medium Aircraft mis- 15/11/2019 Training Insti- al-Barrah Idlib war- damages siles tute planes al-Ali Bajiliah Medium al- 17/11/2019 scl for essen- al-Ali Bajiliah unknown car bomb damages Raqqa tial education Bdama pri- Severe Regime Missiles 22/11/2019 Bdama Idlib mary scl damages forces launchers al-Barsa school for es- Severe Regime Aircraft mis- 01/12/2019 al-Barsa Idlib sential educa- damages forces siles tion al-Aziziya Medium Regime Explosive 03/12/2019 Kafranbel Idlib school damages forces drums The prepara- Medium Regime Explosive 03/12/2019 Oram Aljoz Idlib tory school damages forces drums Bazabor scl Medium Regime Explosive 03/12/2019 Bazabor Idlib for boys damages forces drums Bdama ele- Severe Regime 04/12/2019 Bdama Idlib Shells mentary scl damages forces Najim al-Daqs Russian Medium Aircraft mis- 07/12/2019 for essential al-Barah Idlib war- damages siles education planes Russian The girls sec- Medium Aircraft mis- 07/12/2019 al-Barah Idlib war- ondary scl damages siles planes The 2 Neigh- bouring: Ah- Russian Medium Aircraft mis- 07/12/2019 mad Istilah scl Baluon Idlib war- damages siles & Baluon sec- planes ondary scl Ma'ar Zita Severe Regime Explosive 07/12/2019 Preparatory Ma'ar Zita Idlib damages forces drums scl Severe Regime Explosive 07/12/2019 al-Aziziyah scl Kafranbel Idlib damages forces drums

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Education Prov- Date Damage Area Actor Weapon Institution ince al-Ghassaniya Severe Regime 08/12/2019 Kafranbel Idlib Shells elementary scl damages forces al-Ham- boshiya scl for Severe Regime 10/12/2019 al-Hamboshia Idlib Shells essential edu- damages forces cation Bdama ele- Medium Regime Missiles 13/12/2019 Bdama Idlib mentary scl damages forces launchers Ma'ar Shureen Severe Ma'ar Regime Explosive 16/12/2019 Idlib boys scl damages Shureen forces drums Martyr Mo- Medium Regime Explosive 16/12/2019 stafa al-Qasim Abu Dafna Idlib damages forces drums scl Hasan Kamel Severe Ma'arat al- Regime Explosive 19/12/2019 scl for essen- Idlib damages Nu'man forces drums tial education Russian The prepara- Severe Aircraft mis- 24/12/2019 Jobas Idlib war- tory school damages siles planes

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Religious Sites

The year 2019 saw a major increase in the number of mosques attacked, compared with 2018. SHRC documented 162 mosques hit in 2019, after 61 were attacked the previous year.

This increase came despite a general lessening of the fighting in 2019.

Attacks on mosques concentrated on northern provinces, especially in Idlib, where some 90% of attacks took place.

Regime and Russian forces were responsible for more than 77%t of the attacks, which largely happened as a result of indiscriminate bombing on cities outside of regime control in northern Syria.

Aftermath of Souk al-Bizr air strike, Ma’arat al-Nu’man, rural Idlib, 29/1/2019 (#SHRC)

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Targeting places of worship through 2019

Date Mosque Damage Area Province Actor Weapon Owais al-Qarni severe dam- Ma'arat Russian aircraft 02/01/2019 mosque ages al-Nu'man Idlib warplanes missiles Zamar big severe dam- Regime Artillery 10/01/2019 mosque ages Tal Alouch Aleppo forces shells

Chinese hous- ing association severe dam- al-Hasa- al-Hasa- Heavy ve- 15/01/2019 mosque ages keh keh SDF hicles al-Tawbeh medium Regime missiles 28/01/2019 mosque damages Kafranbel Idlib forces launchers Ali Bin Abi medium Regime Artillery 03/02/2019 Taleb mosque damages al-Tah Idlib forces shells al-Farouq severe dam- Kafr Nab- Regime missiles 05/02/2019 mosque ages bouda Hama forces launchers Abu Bakr al- Siddiq mosque, east- medium Khan Regime Artillery 13/02/2019 ern n'hood damages Shykun Idlib forces shells Abu Bakr al- Siddiq medium Regime Artillery 21/02/2019 mosque, damages Hritan Aleppo forces shells

al-Sahabah mosque, east- slight dam- Ma'arat Regime missiles 22/02/2019 ern n'hood ages al-Nu'man Idlib forces launchers Khalid bin al- slight dam- Khan Regime missiles 23/02/2019 Walid mosque ages Shykun Idlib forces launchers

al-Rifa'i mosque, east- medium Khan Regime Artillery 28/02/2019 ern n'hood damages Shykun Idlib forces shells

al-Rawda mosque, east- severe dam- Khan Regime missiles 01/03/2019 ern n'hood ages Shykun Idlib forces launchers

al-Rawda mosque, east- severe dam- Khan Regime Artillery 02/03/2019 ern n'hood ages Shykun Idlib forces shells The big medium Regime missiles 05/03/2019 mosque damages al-Tah Idlib forces launchers Ali Bin Abi severe dam- Khan Regime missiles 10/03/2019 Taleb mosque ages Shykun Idlib forces launchers al-Rahman medium Qala't al- Regime Artillery 16/03/2019 mosque damages Madiq Hama forces shells Sheikh Sa'eed medium explosive 18/03/2019 mosque damages Saraqib Idlib Unknown device Abdullah bin Rawaha severe dam- al-Twai- Regime Artillery 20/03/2019 mosque ages nah Hama forces shells

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Mosque Damage Area Province Actor Weapon Khalid bin al- medium Jisr al- Russian aircraft 21/03/2019 Walid mosque damages Shughur Idlib warplanes missiles al-Hassan & Hussein medium al-Huwi- Regime Artillery 22/03/2019 mosque damages jeh Hama forces shells Omer bin al- Khattab severe dam- Russian aircraft 22/03/2019 mosque ages Kafraya Idlib warplanes missiles al-Abrar mosque, Engi- slight dam- explosive 08/04/2019 neers n'hood ages Idlib Idlib Unknown device Omer bin Ab- medium Regime Artillery 15/04/2019 deaziz mosque damages al-Habeet Idlib forces shells al-Rahman medium Khan Regime missiles 19/04/2019 mosque damages Shykun Idlib forces launchers al-Isawi medium Khan Regime Artillery 23/04/2019 mosque damages Shykun Idlib forces shells

Hamza bin Ab- delmotalib medium Jisr al- 24/04/2019 mosque damages Shughur Idlib Unknown Unknown severe dam- Regime Explosive 02/05/2019 Abdita mosque ages Abdita Idlib forces drums al-Salam medium Regime Explosive 03/05/2019 mosque damages Karsa'ah Idlib forces drums al-Hussein slight dam- Ma'aert Regime missiles 03/05/2019 mosque ages Hurma Idlib forces launchers Omer bin al- Khattab severe dam- Russian aircraft 04/05/2019 mosque ages Arnaba Idlib warplanes missiles Qashqara slight dam- Jisr al- Regime 04/05/2019 mosque ages Shughur Idlib forces firearms The big Tar- medium Russian aircraft 05/05/2019 mala mosque damages Tarmala Idlib warplanes missiles al-Tawhid medium Russian aircraft 06/05/2019 mosque damages Shnan Idlib warplanes missiles al-Salam severe dam- Regime Explosive 07/05/2019 mosque ages Abidin Idlib forces drums al-Rahman severe dam- Russian aircraft 08/05/2019 mosque ages Urainiba Idlib warplanes missiles The big severe dam- Regime missiles 10/05/2019 mosque ages Kafranbel Idlib forces launchers Abu Bakr al- severe dam- Regime Explosive 10/05/2019 Siddiq mosque ages al-Naqir Idlib forces drums Ma'ar Zita big severe dam- Regime aircraft 10/05/2019 mosque ages Ma'ar Zita Idlib forces missiles Mosque in vil- severe dam- Ma'aret Regime aircraft 10/05/2019 lage ages Masrin Idlib forces missiles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Mosque Damage Area Province Actor Weapon Kafr Sajna big severe dam- Kafr Regime aircraft 11/05/2019 mosque ages Sajna Idlib forces missiles Tramla big severe dam- Regime missiles 14/05/2019 mosque ages Tramla Idlib forces launchers al-Hamza severe dam- Khan Regime aircraft 15/05/2019 mosque ages Shykun Idlib forces missiles al-Abidin severe dam- Ma'arat Regime aircraft 17/05/2019 mosque ages al-Nu'man Idlib forces missiles The big severe dam- Ma'arat Regime aircraft 22/05/2019 mosque ages al-Nu'man Idlib forces missiles al-Makateb severe dam- Regime aircraft 22/05/2019 mosque ages Saraqeb Idlib forces missiles al-Siddiq medium Mazra'at Regime aircraft 23/05/2019 mosque damages al-Sheikh Idlib forces missiles al-Hikma & al- Maw'iza al-Ha- medium Regime aircraft 24/05/2019 sanah mosque damages Kafranbel Idlib forces missiles Omer bin al- Khattab medium Regime aircraft 24/05/2019 mosque damages Kafranbel Idlib forces missiles Abdel-Rahman bin Awf medium Kafr Regime aircraft 27/05/2019 mosque damages Owaied Idlib forces missiles Omer bin al- Khattab medium Kafr Regime Explosive 27/05/2019 mosque damages Sajna Idlib forces drums Abu Bakr al- severe dam- Regime missiles 27/05/2019 Siddiq mosque ages Kansafra Idlib forces launchers Abu Bakr al- severe dam- Khan al- Regime aircraft 28/05/2019 Siddiq mosque ages Subul Idlib forces missiles al-Rahman severe dam- Regime aircraft 30/05/2019 mosque ages Kafroma Idlib forces missiles

Abdel-Qader Baqader medium Kafr Regime aircraft 31/05/2019 mosque damages Owaied Idlib forces missiles al-Rahman medium Regime missiles 31/05/2019 mosque damages Abidin Idlib forces launchers al-Kabeer severe dam- Ma'arat Regime aircraft 04/06/2019 mosque ages al-Nu'man Idlib forces missiles Anas bin Malik severe dam- Kafr Regime aircraft 05/06/2019 mosque ages Owaied Idlib forces missiles al-Rahman medium Khan Regime aircraft 07/06/2019 mosque damages Shykun Idlib forces missiles al-Kabeer severe dam- Regime aircraft 08/06/2019 mosque ages Hazarin Idlib forces missiles Morek Big severe dam- Regime aircraft 09/06/2019 mosque ages Morek Hama forces missiles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Mosque Damage Area Province Actor Weapon al-Tawhid severe dam- Um al- Regime aircraft 10/06/2019 mosque ages Seer Idlib forces missiles Khalid bin al- medium Khan Regime aircraft 11/06/2019 Walid mosque damages Shykun Idlib forces missiles A village severe dam- Regime aircraft 12/06/2019 mosque ages Kawkabah Idlib forces missiles Abu Baker al- medium Regime aircraft 13/06/2019 Siddiq mosque damages Ariha Idlib forces missiles

The old mosque known as Arbaeen severe dam- Regime aircraft 14/06/2019 mosque ages Ihsem Idlib forces missiles Jazraya mosque known as Omer Ibn al-Khattab medium Regime Artillery 23/06/2019 mosque damages Jazraya Aleppo forces shells Ammar bin medium Deir Sun- Regime Artillery 25/06/2019 Yaser mosque damages bul Hama forces shells al-Iman medium Jisr al- Regime Artillery 27/06/2019 mosque damages Shughur Idlib forces shells al-Kabeer medium Regime aircraft 28/06/2019 mosque damages Hazarin Idlib forces missiles Omer Ibn al- Khattab severe dam- 03/07/2019 mosque ages al-Bab Aleppo Unknown car bomb al-Hassan & Hussein medium Regime Artillery 08/07/2019 mosque damages Hortah Hama forces shells Omer Ibn al- Khattab medium Regime Explosive 10/07/2019 mosque damages Kafroma Idlib forces drums Virgin Mary church for Syriac Ortho- dox in Wasta medium al-Hasa- 11/07/2019 N'hood damages Qamishli keh Unknown car bomb

SheikhAhmad al-Shaybani slight dam- Regime aircraft 12/07/2019 mosque ages Ariha Idlib forces missiles al-Rahman medium al-Lu- Regime Artillery 16/07/2019 mosque damages waubdeh Idlib forces shells Khalid bin al- medium Regime Artillery 17/07/2019 Walid mosque damages al-Kindah Idlib forces shells al-Iman severe dam- Oram al- Regime aircraft 21/07/2019 mosque ages Joz Idlib forces missiles

Fadhl al- Khateeb medium Regime aircraft 21/07/2019 mosque damages Kafranbel Idlib forces missiles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Mosque Damage Area Province Actor Weapon al-Arba'een medium Regime aircraft 21/07/2019 mosque damages Kafranbel Idlib forces missiles Ali Bin Abi severe dam- Regime Explosive 25/07/2019 Taleb mosque ages Latamnah Hama forces drums al-Kabeer severe dam- Regime Explosive 25/07/2019 mosque ages Kafroma Idlib forces drums al-Iman medium Regime aircraft 27/07/2019 mosque damages al-Moza Idlib forces missiles al-Turkman medium Jisr al- Regime missiles 01/08/2019 mosque damages Shughur Idlib forces launchers al-Hassan & Hussein medium Ma'aret Russian aircraft 09/08/2019 mosque damages Hurma Idlib warplanes missiles al-Rahma medium Regime Explosive 10/08/2019 mosque damages al-Habit Idlib forces drums al-Siddiq medium Regime aircraft 11/08/2019 mosque damages al-Naqir Idlib forces missiles Izziddin al-Sa- severe dam- Khan Russian aircraft 13/08/2019 yad mosque ages Shykun Idlib warplanes missiles al-Rahman medium Regime aircraft 13/08/2019 mosque damages Jarjanaz Idlib forces missiles al-Kabeer medium Regime aircraft 16/08/2019 mosque damages Kansafra Idlib forces missiles Ali Bin Abi medium Regime aircraft 18/08/2019 Taleb mosque damages Jarjanaz Idlib forces missiles al-Nasr medium Regime aircraft 16/08/2019 mosque damages al-Tah Idlib forces missiles al-Hamza medium Russian aircraft 18/08/2019 mosque damages Hass Idlib warplanes missiles Omer Ibn Ab- del-Aziz medium al-Deir al- Russian aircraft 18/08/2019 mosque damages Sharqi Idlib warplanes missiles al-Kabeer medium Regime Explosive 20/08/2019 mosque damages al-Gadafa Idlib forces drums al-Rawda medium al-Gha- Regime Explosive 20/08/2019 mosque damages dafa Idlib forces drums al-Nasr severe dam- Russian aircraft 21/08/2019 mosque ages al-Tah Idlib warplanes missiles al-Kabeer severe dam- Regime Explosive 21/08/2019 mosque ages Telmns Idlib forces drums al-Kabeer severe dam- al-Deir al- Regime Explosive 21/08/2019 mosque ages Sharqi Idlib forces drums

The old mosque known as Arbaeen severe dam- Russian aircraft 26/08/2019 mosque ages Ihsem Idlib warplanes missiles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Mosque Damage Area Province Actor Weapon al-Rahman medium Regime aircraft 27/08/2019 mosque damages al-Fatira Idlib forces missiles al-Kabeer medium Regime aircraft 27/08/2019 mosque damages al-Fatira Idlib forces missiles al-Raffah medium Russian aircraft 27/08/2019 mosque damages al-Raffah Idlib warplanes missiles Shiroot severe dam- Ma'arat Regime aircraft 28/08/2019 mosque ages al-Nu'man Idlib forces missiles al-Rahman medium al-Gha- Russian aircraft 28/08/2019 mosque damages dafa Idlib warplanes missiles al-Aqaba medium Regime missiles 28/08/2019 mosque damages Kafranbel Idlib forces launchers al-Kabeer medium Ma'aret Regime Artillery 29/08/2019 mosque damages Hurma Idlib forces shells al-Aziziyah medium Regime aircraft 30/08/2019 mosque damages Kafranbel Idlib forces missiles al-Arba'een severe dam- Regime aircraft 30/08/2019 mosque ages Haish Idlib forces missiles al-Kabeer severe dam- Oram al- Russian aircraft 31/08/2019 mosque ages Kubra Aleppo warplanes missiles al-Aqaba medium Regime missiles 08/09/2019 mosque damages Kafranbel Idlib forces launchers

al-Madina al- Munawara severe dam- Regime Artillery 09/09/2019 mosque ages Kafranbel Idlib forces shells al-Rahman medium Om al- Regime Artillery 19/09/2019 mosque damages Sair Idlib forces shells al-Kabeer medium Regime Artillery 21/09/2019 mosque damages Kansafra Idlib forces shells al-Tawhid severe dam- Regime Artillery 26/09/2019 mosque ages Hassanah Idlib forces shells Abu Bakr al- severe dam- Regime Artillery 29/09/2019 Siddiq mosque ages Orainiba Idlib forces shells al-Fateh medium Regime missiles 03/10/2019 Mosque damages Kafranbel Idlib forces launchers al-Thuraya severe dam- Jisr al- Regime aircraft 06/11/2019 mosque ages Shughur Idlib forces missiles Obada Ibn al- severe dam- Jisr al- Regime aircraft 07/11/2019 Samet mosque ages Shughur Idlib forces missiles al-Khadher severe dam- Jisr al- Regime aircraft 08/11/2019 mosque ages Shughur Idlib forces missiles al-Rawdah severe dam- Russian aircraft 08/11/2019 mosque ages Ma'ar Zita Idlib warplanes missiles

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Mosque Damage Area Province Actor Weapon al-Hikma & al- Maw'iza al-Ha- severe dam- Russian aircraft 13/11/2019 sanah mosque ages Kafranbel Idlib warplanes missiles al-Furqan severe dam- Regime Artillery 14/11/2019 mosque ages Bdama Idlib forces shells al-Nasr medium Russian aircraft 20/11/2019 mosque damages al-Barah Idlib warplanes missiles al-Ihsan severe dam- Russian aircraft 23/11/2019 mosque ages Kafranbel Idlib warplanes missiles al-Masjed al- medium Russian aircraft 24/11/2019 Kabir damages Kafroma Idlib warplanes missiles Abu Baker al- slight dam- Russian aircraft 24/11/2019 Siddiq mosque ages Kafroma Idlib warplanes missiles al-Siddiq slight dam- Russian aircraft 24/11/2019 mosque ages Kafroma Idlib warplanes missiles al-Furqan medium Russian aircraft 24/11/2019 mosque damages Kafroma Idlib warplanes missiles al-Masjed al- medium Regime Explosive 24/11/2019 Kabir damages Kansafra Idlib forces drums al-Mostafa severe dam- Regime Explosive 26/11/2019 mosque ages Kafroma Idlib forces drums al-Iman medium Regime aircraft 03/12/2019 mosque damages al-Barsa Idlib forces missiles al-Iman medium Oram al- Regime Explosive 03/12/2019 mosque damages Joz Idlib forces drums al-Aqaba medium Regime Explosive 03/12/2019 mosque damages Kafranbel Idlib forces drums Kafr Shila medium Regime Explosive 03/12/2019 mosque damages Shila Idlib forces drums Ali Bin Abi medium Regime Explosive 03/12/2019 Taleb mosque damages Mohambel Idlib forces drums Othman bin medium Regime aircraft 04/12/2019 Affan mosque damages Saraqib Idlib forces missiles Omer bin al- Khattab medium Russian aircraft 05/12/2019 mosque damages Kafroma Idlib warplanes missiles al-Rahman medium Russian aircraft 07/12/2019 mosque damages al-Barah Idlib warplanes missiles

al-Madina al- Munawara medium Russian aircraft 07/12/2019 mosque damages Kafranbel Idlib warplanes missiles al-Tawbeh medium Russian aircraft 07/12/2019 mosque damages Kafranbel Idlib warplanes missiles al-Kabeer severe dam- Tal al- Regime 08/12/2019 mosque ages Toqan Idlib forces Shells

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Date Mosque Damage Area Province Actor Weapon al-Sayida Fat- severe dam- Ma'ar Regime aircraft 17/12/2019 ima mosque ages Shamarin Idlib forces missiles al-Hamidiyah severe dam- Jisr al- Regime aircraft 18/12/2019 mosque ages Shughur Idlib forces missiles Hassan bin severe dam- Regime Explosive 18/12/2017 Thabit mosque ages Telmns Idlib forces drums al-Athari medium Ma'arat Regime missiles 19/12/2019 mosque damages al-Nu'man Idlib forces launchers al-Iman severe dam- Ma'ar Regime aircraft 19/12/2019 mosque ages Shurin Idlib forces missiles al-Nour medium Regime aircraft 21/12/2019 mosque damages Bazabor Idlib forces missiles al-Zawiyah severe dam- Regime aircraft 21/12/2019 mosque ages Saraqib Idlib forces missiles Abu Bakr al- medium Russian aircraft 21/12/2019 Siddiq Mosque damages Telmns Idlib warplanes missiles Ma'ar Shurin severe dam- Ma'ar Regime aircraft 22/12/2019 grand mosque ages Shurin Idlib forces missiles Khalid bin al- medium al-Deir al- Russian aircraft 24/12/2019 Walid mosque damages Gharbi Idlib warplanes missiles al-Rahman severe dam- Russian aircraft 27/12/2019 mosque ages Telmns Idlib warplanes missiles Abu Bakr al- medium Khan al- Regime missiles 28/12/2019 Siddiq mosque damages Subul Idlib forces launchers The grand medium Regime missiles 28/12/2019 mosque damages Mohambel Idlib forces launchers Bilal al-Oth- slight dam- al-Gha- Regime missiles 28/12/2019 man mosque ages dafa Idlib forces launchers The grand medium Regime aircraft 28/12/2019 mosque damages Mohambel Idlib forces missiles Khalid bin al- medium Regime missiles 30/12/2019 Walid mosque damages Hantotin Idlib forces launchers

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Detainment and Kidnapping

The rate of arrests by regime security forces and other actors decreased in 2019, but the issue of detainees and forced disappeared persons has nevertheless still seen no improvement.

Called on by the governments of the United States, France and the United Kingdom, the UN Security Council convened on July 7 to discuss the case of detainees in Syria.

The Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs Rosemary DiCarlo said at the session that the UN does not have any official statistics on the number of detained, kidnapped or missing in Syria, though the numbers are supported by the Commission of Inquiry on Syria that was set up by the Human Rights Council since the beginning of the conflict in 2011. More than 100,000 people are now believed to have been kidnapped or missing in Syria.

DiCarlo added: “Many families have no information on the fate of their loved ones. Detainees, including women and children, are held without due process or access to legal representation or their families. Places of detention are not accessible to the UN or international monitors. Records from hospitals or burial sites are not public. Some families have been forced to pay enormous sums of money in hope of obtaining information—often in vain.”

During that same session, councilmembers heard first-hand testimonies from those who had themselves been kidnapped and forcibly disappeared by the Syrian regime.

This year saw continued cases of death under torture in the Syrian regime’s prisons, many of them against detainees who had been arrested over the past eight years. Traces of these victims had previously been lost from 2011-2014, and the regime is just now informing their family members of deaths that occurred years ago.

Although the vast majority of the deaths reported to families over the past three years occurred in 2014 or earlier, the regime appears to be providing this information in a piecemeal fashion, reporting around 30-35 names per month. These names are chosen from a number of provinces, to prevent a full disclosure of the victims’ names from having a wider media or political impact.

In 2019, SHRC documented 251 people killed under torture, though many of their deaths occurred in previous years.

Interviewed on November 10, 2019, Assad denied the existence of torture units in his regime. He also denied any reliance on a policy of torture, expressing surprise at the need for torture to obtain information as the regime already has “all the information.” He claimed that some individual cases of torture may have occurred out of revenge, adding that Damascus “does not believe that torture can make our country better, so we do not use it.”

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Assad’s statements come as part of a policy of total denial adopted by the regime regarding facts of the situation on the ground in Syria--even amid the wealth of available internationally and locally approved evidence documenting the systematic use of torture by security forces that is sufficient enough to convict regime figureheads, including Assad himself.

In addition to torture in the regime’s prisons, cases of torture have been documented in a number of prisons run by armed factions in northern Syria.

On August 12, 2019, family members of civil society activist Samer a-Saloum were notified of his death by torture in Hay’at Tahrir a-Sham (HTS) prisons. Saloum was arrested on December 26, 2017, and his relatives were barred from visiting him while remaining uninformed of his location. It is thought he was arrested for writing against HTS on his Facebook page.

There have also been cases of torture by factions in areas of rural Aleppo known as “Euphrates Shield,” including Afrin. In one case documented by the perpetrators themselves, a commander from the Sultan Murad Brigade told in March 2019 that he had tortured two personnel members in a degrading and brutal fashion.

In the past few years, prisoner exchanges have become one of the most notable tools for releasing detainees. This year has seen a number of prisoner swaps-- they are as follows:

February 12, 2019: At the Abu al-Zendein crossing in al-Bab city, rural Aleppo 20 imprisoned regime fighters were exchanged for 20 prisoners and detainees from regime prisons, among them 11 women.

April 22, 2019: At the Abu al-Zendein crossing, nine regime prisoners were exchanged for nine opposition prisoners.

May 17, 2019: Regime and HTS forces exchanged prisoners at the al-Aish crossing in rural southern Aleppo. Seven regime personnel were freed in exchange for 22 women and 5 men who had been held in regime prisons.

July 31, 2019: 15 regime-held prisoners were exchanged for 14 factions-held prisoners at the Abu al-Zendein crossing.

It is notable that most of these prisoner swaps occurred before the start of Astana talks, as the Turkish and Russian parties arranged them with the hopes of making the Astana track succeed.

On September 14, the Syrian regime issued Decree no. 20 for the year 2019, granting a general amnesty for some crimes of terrorism and fleeing military service. The decree included a number of detainees who had been held in previous years.

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

Refugees and Displacement

The tragedy of Syrian displacement continued to top global lists of refugee crises, with Syrians remaining the largest group of refugees around the world in 2019. The number of Syrian refugees reached around 5.66 million by the end of the year. A third of them were in Turkey, with the remainder distributed across Lebanon, Jordan, Iraq and Egypt.

The number of Syrian refugees continued increasing throughout the year, though not at as high of a rate as previous years. The year 2019 saw 85,000 additional Syrians become refugees.

This increase came despite initiatives by Russia and Iran’s partners in Lebanon in mid-2018 to return refugees. They failed in persuading refugees to go home, as Syrians remained fearful of security forces--especially amid the absence of any guarantees from the regime’s allies and supporters, and as security forces have detained refugees after their return to Syria. Some returnees have disappeared, while others have died under torture. These violations come despite returnees’ assumptions that they have no security charges against them, which is why they make the voluntary return in the first place, without presuming the need for a visa or prior approval before going back to their own homeland.

Current economic and living conditions, including in regime-held areas, are also a main impediment to return of refugees. The war has decimated most professional fields in Syria and raised the unemployment rate significantly, such that an already serious class divide has only worsened. Such conditions push youth from any country, even those not experiencing war, to leave behind their homes and avoid returning.

International organisations caring for Syrian refugees now also face a severe lack of resources to provide even minimal support, due to the large number of donor countries refraining from giving funds that would meet international needs, or failure to meet previously announced commitments. Refugees in Lebanon Syrians in Lebanon in particular are facing increased violations from the state and from semi-governmental and civil groups.

Security forces and the army in Lebanon continue to carry out attacks on Syrian refugee camps on the pretext of looking for wanted persons. During these campaigns, personnel insult refugees and arrest dozens on accusations ranging from terrorism to not possessing proper documentation papers.

Syrians in Lebanese prisons and detention facilities face inhumane treatment, including both physical and psychological forms of torture. These practices increase significantly in the various army and security detention centres, as

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

international and local organisations do not have a presence there, unlike in prisons where these organisations do have access. This year saw Lebanese politicians and media continue to use hate speech against Syrian refugees, particularly by the Free Patriotic Movement political party. The party has been fuelling hate against refugees, and in 2019 organised a number of public provocations calling on their deportation. Affiliated politicians and media outlets have also fuelled wide-scale hatred against Syrian refugees. But even as the Free Patriotic Movement stokes racist sentiment, other political powers in Lebanon have refrained from offering any counter-narrative. However, Lebanon has seen a number of initiatives by civil society organisations, political activists and civilians rejecting hate speech and discrimination against refugees. Targeting the Displaced Prov- Date Incident Area Actor Weapon ince clashes between HTS & FNL near al-Jazeera & Zamzam camps in Atmeh group of displaced camps 01/03/2019 in Idlib northen province, Atmeh Idlib HTS firearms that led to the injury of 3 displaced people and ma- terial damages to the camp shooting at demonstration al- al- 21/03/2019 in the camp that led to the Houl Hasa- SDF firearms death of 5 demonstrators camp keh

Artillery shelling at the Um Regime Artillery 18/04/2019 displaced camp that led to Twei- Idlib forces shells the death of 7 people nah A missile attack struck a camp for the displaced, killing 16 internally dis- Qah Regime 20/11/2019 Idlib Missiles placed persons, including camp forces 8 children, and wounding about 20 others. Russian Aircraft 24/12/2019 shelling of displaced camp Jobas Idlib Air fo- missiles ces

Conditions of the displaced Most of the Displaced camps (IDP) in Syria have experienced difficult conditions during this year, as most of these camps lack direct care by international organisations that have the appropriate capabilities to set up appropriate

The 18th Annual Report on Human Rights situation in Syria

camps, and therefore the IDPs residing in these camps suffer annually from extreme heat during the summer, and what follows From dust and diseases, and they face difficult living conditions in the winter, whether in terms of severe cold and associated diseases, or in terms of torrential rain that floods the camps every year, or even snow when it comes down. In addition to the above, Al-Hawl camp for the displaced in the eastern countryside of al-Hasakeh province faced abnormal living conditions, as the Syrian Democratic forces (SDF) imposed a siege on the camp and prevented the IDPs from leaving the camp, although many of its residents were able to return to their homes after the end of ISIS control of the areas in the Eastern region. The Rukban refugee camp on the Syrian-Jordanian border has also been under siege by the regime and Russian forces since September 2018, and these forces are preventing aid from reaching the camp, in order to force its residents to leave and surrender themselves to the regime. The continuous siege resulted in approximately 40,000 of them leaving the camp during 2019, and at the end of the year, there were fewer than ten thousand displaced people. Those leaving the camp are transferred to shelters under the control of the regime, and the youth are arrested and transferred to military service, while about 100 people who left the camp were arrested by the security services.