安全理事会 Distr.: General 25 August 2015 Chinese Original: English

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安全理事会 Distr.: General 25 August 2015 Chinese Original: English 联合国 S/2015/663 安全理事会 Distr.: General 25 August 2015 Chinese Original: English 2015 年 8 月 25 日沙特阿拉伯常驻联合国代表给安全理事会主席的信 谨随信转递叙利亚革命和反对力量国家联盟代表纳吉布·加德比安 2015 年 8 月 25 日给你的信(见附件)。 请提请安全理事会成员注意本函及其附件,并将其作为安理会的文件分发为荷。 常驻代表 大使 阿卜杜拉·穆阿利米(签名) 15-14393 (C) 310815 310815 *1514393* S/2015/663 2015 年 8 月 25 日沙特阿拉伯常驻联合国代表给安全理事会主席的信的 附件 我代表叙利亚革命和反对力量国家联盟,在副秘书长向联合国安全理事会通 报叙利亚不断恶化的人道主义局势和安全理事会第 2139(2014)、2165(2014)和 2191(2014)号决议的执行情况之前,深为关切地提请你注意阿萨德部队造成叙利 亚的死亡人数上升和肆意杀害平民的情况。 8 月份成为叙利亚危机中又一个有许多人死亡的月份。截至 8 月 24 日,估计 有 826 名平民被杀害,其中半数以上被阿萨德空中武器,包括被桶装炸弹滥杀。 在杜马、萨巴达尼、阿勒颇和伊德利布,叙利亚政权对平民、医疗设施和学校继 续发动空袭,造成越来越大的破坏(见附文)。在大马士革东北部平民区,局势尤 为严重,阿萨德的部队在当地发动打击,蓄意根除首都内和周边地带的反对派据 点。8 月 16 日,叙利亚政权空袭了大马士革郊区杜马的人口密集的市场,造成超 过 111 个平民死亡,这是该政权四年来最血腥的一次暴行。这次如此大规模、如 此野蛮的袭击,立即引起国际社会的谴责。其中,联合国叙利亚问题特使毫不留 情地进行控诉,称叙利亚政权对杜马平民的袭击“极为严重”、“不可接受”。就 在一个星期后,即 8 月 22 日,阿萨德的空军又返回这座被围困的城市,杀害了 50 多人。在我写本报告的时候,叙利亚的救援工作人员正在努力营救被困在遭阿 萨德破坏的废墟下的平民。 对大马士革郊区的袭击尤具破坏性,因为这发生在阿萨德的部队对姑塔发动 化学武器袭击的第二个周年。当时,阿萨德的武装部队蓄意用毒气毒死 1 400 多 人,包括 400 多名儿童。与对杜马的桶装炸弹袭击一样,这次对姑塔的化学袭击 依旧逃脱法外。没有追究任何人使用化学武器的责任。没有为丧失亲人的儿童、 母亲、父亲伸张正义。没有人为策划、批准或参与这场 21 世纪最恶劣的战争罪 行负起责任。结果,叙利亚全境的战争犯罪持续不减,人道主义局势日益恶化、 达到灾难性的程度。 自 2013 年 8 月 21 日姑塔受到袭击以来,叙利亚被杀害的人数从 110 000 人 激增到 250 000 多人。叙利亚难民人数翻倍,从 2 百万上升到 4 百万。叙利亚需 要救助的人数从 680 万激增到 1 200 多万。极端主义力量滋生,控制了叙利亚大 约 50%的领土。并且以常规和化学手段进行的杀戮仍在继续。在过去两年,阿萨 德使用化学剂作为战争武器超过 46 次,他的部队用致命的桶装炸弹杀害了 12 500 多名平民。 几乎没有人的遭遇超过在叙利亚被围困地区的大约 640 000 人和被困在难以 达到的地区的数百万人。太多的叙利亚平民因野蛮政权的拒绝而无法得到援助。 叙利亚政权以拒绝给予关键的人道主义援助为战争手段,竭力企图以饥饿使平民 屈服。杜马的局势比其他任何地方都要严峻,在当地,因阿萨德政权拒绝给予挽 2/8 15-14393 (C) S/2015/663 救生命的医疗用品,包括治疗感染所必需的抗生素和抗蠕药,几乎有 300 台紧急 手术无法进行。 必须制止叙利亚的战争罪行。叙利亚人民需要得到保护。他们因缺乏保护而 濒临死亡。在主管人道主义事务副秘书长于 8 月 27 日向安全理事会通报有关叙 利亚情况之前,我吁请安全理事会采取如下行动: 1. 应叙利亚关于保护平民的要求,在叙利亚强制实行禁飞区。实行禁飞区 每个星期将挽救 200 名平民的生命,并将阻止杀害叙利亚平民的最大杀手: 阿萨德的非法桶装炸弹。如果安全理事会不强制实行禁飞区,会员国须: 2. 强制执行安全理事会第 2139(2014)、2165(2014)和 2191(2014)号决议: 强制执行上述决议,责成人道主义事务协调厅向所有处于困境中的叙利亚人 提供即时的人道主义援助,包括在杜马,成百上千的叙利亚平民迫切需要医 疗用品,但是由于叙利亚政权部队的野蛮围困,这些平民无法获得医疗用品; 3. 将叙利亚的情况转交国际刑事法院:转交国际刑事法院有助于为 8 月 21 日被阿萨德的部队用毒气杀害的 1 429 名叙利亚人和之后杀害的 140 000 叙利亚人找到伸张正义的途径。这样做还可使所有战争罪犯明白他们必须为 自己的暴行负起明确责任,从而对今后犯罪起到威慑作用。如果安全理事会 不同意移交,会员国须设立替代机制,如特别法庭。 安全理事会第 2118(2013)、2139(2014)、2165(2014)、2191(2014)、2209(2015) 和 2235(2015)号决议无一例外都未得到强制执行。未能强制执行这些决议导致无 数人丧生。安全理事会有能力、也必须做得更好,包括向我国人民提供迫切需要 的保护。会员国未能保护叙利亚平民不再是合法性或可行性的问题,而是意愿的 问题。不作为是对人道主义的严重背叛,同时还助长了极度危险、肆意妄为的极 端主义威胁。现在到了在叙利亚采取行动的时候了,这将挽救生命、减轻人道主 义后果,并在打击极端主义方面取得进展。 驻联合国特别代表 纳吉布·加德比安(签名) 15-14393 (C) 3/8 S/2015/663 附文 叙利亚政权违反安全理事会第 2139(2014)、2165(2014)和 2191(2014) 号决议的情况 一. 所有各方须立即停止对平民的袭击和在居民区滥用武器的行为 违规情况:叙利亚政权滥用空中武器和桶装炸弹 在 2015 年 7 月和 8 月,滥用空中武器再次成为杀害叙利亚平民的主要杀手。 仅在 7 月,叙利亚政权投放了大约 2 041 枚桶装炸弹,杀害超过 368 个平民,包 括 83 个儿童和 63 名妇女。7 月,叙利亚政权对叙利亚住宅区发动的 180 次空袭估 计造成 857 人死亡,这些空袭主要使用的是桶装炸弹。截至 8 月 25 日,约 902 个 平民被叙利亚政权部队杀害,其中大约有一半的人死于空中轰炸和桶装炸弹滥杀。 在报告所述期间,持续的多次战机轰炸,加上对人口密集的市场的袭击,造成在 8 月 14 至 17 日在大马士革农村省的杜马,超过 114 人死亡、超过 550 人受伤。 表 1 叙利亚政权使用空中武器和桶装炸弹的情况(2015 年 7 至 8 月) 日期 省份 城市 袭击性质 伤亡人数 8 月 24 日 大马士革农村省、伊德利布省 Douma 、Saqba、Hamouria、Kafar 空中轰炸 32 人被害 Batna、Jesrn、Al Hebet 8 月 23 日 大马士革农村省、大马士革市、阿 Al Hammuriyya、Saqba、Shabaa、 战机轰炸 29 人被害 勒颇省、德拉省 Daraa Al Balad、Mare、Sukkari 8 月 22 日 德尔祖尔省、大马士革市郊区、德拉 Douma、Al Buomar、Lajat 战机轰炸 28 人被害 省 8 月 21 日 伊德利布省、大马士革市、大马士 Erbeen、Madaya、Malaab、Adra、 轰炸 20 人被害 革农村省 Marj、Beit Sawa、Douma 8 月 20 日 大马士革市、德拉省、伊德利布省、 Douma、West Gharriya、Hamouria、 战机轰炸 25 人被害 霍姆斯省、阿勒颇省 Madaya、Kafrauid、Jisreen、Baba Amr 8 月 19 日 腊卡省、大马士革市、德拉省、阿 Harasta、Zabdeen、Jisr Shagour、 战机轰炸 31 人被害 勒颇省、霍姆斯省 Maarat Misreen、Daraa Al Balad、 Palmyra、 Bab、Abbada、Kafr Zeit 8 月 18 日 大马士革市、伊德利布省、阿勒颇 Douma、Mishic、Idlib 市、Ein Tarma、 轰炸 19 人被害 省、哈马省 Erbeen、Bustan el-Qassr 8 月 16/17 日 大马士革农村省 Douma 4 次空袭 114 人被害、550 人受伤 8 月 14 日 大马士革农村省 Zamalka 市、Harasta 、 Mesraba 、 15 次以上空袭 190 人被害 Douma、Erbeen 4/8 15-14393 (C) S/2015/663 日期 省份 城市 袭击性质 伤亡人数 8 月 13 日 大马士革农村省 Kafar Batna 1 次空袭 5 人被害、14 人受伤 8 月 12 日 大马士革农村省 Douma Al Hal 市场、Saqba、Hamouria、 14 次空袭 45 人以上被害,202 人 Ein Tarma、Kafar Batna 受伤 8 月 11 日 霍姆斯省、大马士革、德尔祖尔省、 Madaya、Baqqen、Mouadamiyeh、 轰炸 27 人被害 阿勒颇省、伊德利布省、 Sbikhan、Tadif、Binnish、Idlib 市、 Qouriyeh、Palmyra、Bayada、Zafarana 8 月 10 日 伊德利布省、德尔祖尔省、大马士 Jarjanaz 、 Maarat Hirmeh 、 Htaitet 战机轰炸 22 人被害 革、德拉省 Turkman、Shabaa、Mzaireeb、Ariha、 Joseph 村 8 月 9 日 德拉省、伊德利布省、霍姆斯省、 Zamreen、Nawa、Naziheen 营、Ballion、 战机轰炸 10 人被害 大马士革 Jobar、Zardna 8 月 8 日 哈马省、伊德利布省 Al Ghab 平地、Maart Numan、Bweda、 轰炸 32 人被害 Himania、Rabdeh 8 月 7 日 伊德利布省、大马士革、阿勒颇省 Saraqib、Jobas 村、Mare、Darat Azza、 轰炸 24 人被害 Moudamiyeh、Kernaz、Ariha 8 月 6 日 阿勒颇省、大马士革、霍姆斯省 Jeroud、Darat Azza、Kuwait、Mouadmiyeh 轰炸 4 人被害 8 月 5 日 霍姆斯省 Telbeiseh 轰炸 1 人被害 8 月 4 日 阿勒颇省 Masaken al Sabeel 轰炸 1 人被害 8 月 3 日 伊德利布省、德拉省、阿勒颇省、 Ariha、Manbej、Daraa al Balad、 23 人被害 哈马省 Mareian、Hwash、Amkieh 7 月 31 日 德拉省、伊德利布省 Al Naema、Al Kark、Tiftinza、Bakeen 桶装炸弹 10 人被害 7 月 30 日 德拉省、哈马省 Tafas、Al Naema、Al Hwayez 6枚以上的桶装炸弹 8 人被害 7 月 29 日 德拉省、哈马省 Al Msayfera、Al Madeek Fort 桶装炸弹 3 人被害 7 月 28 日 霍姆斯省、德拉省、哈马省 Palmyra、Dael、Al AlKamiya、Aal 桶装炸弹 19 人被害 Madeek Fort 7 月 27 日 大马士革农村省、霍姆斯省 Douma、Palmyra 空袭 20 人被害、40 人受伤 7 月 26 日 德拉省 Al Ghariyi 桶装炸弹 2 人被害 7 月 23-25 日 德拉省、哈马省、伊德利布省 Daraa、Al Ghariya、Tal shehab、Aal 桶装炸弹和面对 82 人被害 Kark、Al Hawiez、Knasfara、Idlib city 面导弹 7 月 22 日 阿勒颇省、德拉省 Kafr Aweed、Rasem Al Abed、Al 4 枚以上桶装炸弹 23 人被害、30 人受伤 Bab、Dael 15-14393 (C) 5/8 S/2015/663 日期 省份 城市 袭击性质 伤亡人数 7 月 21 日 阿勒颇省、德拉省、霍姆斯省 Maghayer 、 Qasr al-Breij 、 Dael 、 1 枚面对面导弹、6 38 人以上被害 Talbisa 枚桶装炸弹 7 月 20 日 阿勒颇省、德拉省 Menbej town、Al Imam、Deir Hafer、 9 枚以上桶装炸弹 29 人被害 Daraa Al Balad 7 月 19 日 德拉省 Al Hara、Al Rayy、Busra Al Sham 6 枚以上桶装炸弹 11 人被害 7 月 18 日 阿勒颇省、德拉省、伊德利布省 Al Halak、Al Shouwaylikh、Al Ghariyi、 4 枚以上桶装炸弹 5 人被害 Al Furja 7 月 17 日 阿勒颇省、德拉省 Al Bab、Al Hara、Tafas 3 枚以上桶装炸弹 15 人被害、11 人受伤 7 月 16 日 伊德利布省、阿勒颇省、德拉省 Maaret Msreen 镇、Al Bab、Aran 镇、 5 枚以上桶装炸弹 30 人被害、22 人受伤 Al Zaytan、Al Harak、Al Ghazeyi、 Qurm Al Jouz 7 月 15 日 阿勒颇省 Al Bab、Darat Ezza 2 枚桶装炸弹、2 13 人被害、20 人受伤 枚热感火箭弹 7 月 14 日 大马士革、阿勒颇省、哈马省 Yarmouk 营、Al Kabaseen、Al Habeet 迫击炮袭击、2 6 人被害 枚桶装炸弹 7 月 13 日 阿勒颇省、德拉省、哈马省 Al Bab、Al Safeera、Al Sham、Al Fatera 5 枚以上桶装炸弹 45 人被害 7 月 12 日 阿勒颇省、哈马省 Al Baza、Al Safeera、Aal Tamana 4 枚以上桶装炸弹 19 人被害 7 月 11 日 阿勒颇省 Al Bab 3 枚桶装炸弹 23 人被害 7 月 10 日 德拉省 Al Hara 2 枚桶装炸弹 7 人被害 7 月 8 日 阿勒颇省 Tarik Al Bab、Karm Al Beik 空袭 20 人被害 7 月 7 日 阿勒颇省 Al Ma’adi 2 枚桶装炸弹 13 人被害 7 月 6 日 哈马省 Aal Tramla 桶装炸弹 1 人被害 7 月 5 日 德拉省、哈马省、伊德利布省 Al Naema、Saida、Al Latamna、Al 7 枚桶装炸弹 21 人被害 Hawash、Al Ariima、Al Fakee、Sfouhen 7 月 4 日 大马士革 Damascus 迫击炮轰炸 2 人被害、3 人受伤 7 月 3 日 德拉省、哈马省 Daraa Al Balad、Al Ramla 4 枚桶装炸弹 2 人被害 7 月 2 日 德拉省 Tafas 3 枚桶装炸弹 7 人被害 7 月 1 日 阿勒颇省、德拉省 Al Bab 市、Gharz 2 枚热感导弹和 14 人被害、10 人受伤 桶装炸弹 资料来源:叙利亚人权网和叙利亚违规情况文献中心。 6/8 15-14393 (C) S/2015/663 违规情况:叙利亚政权滥用化学武器 在报告所述整个期间,叙利亚政权仍然滥用化学武器,发动了 7 次以上的氯 气袭击事件,直接违反了安全理事会第 2118(2013)和 2235(2015)号决议。这些袭 击造成 9 人死亡、数十人受伤。必须立即由禁止化学武器组织(禁化武组织)监测 员调查关于仍然使用氯气的报告。 表 2 叙利亚政权发动氯气袭击的情况(2015 年 7 至 8 月) 日期 省份 城市 袭击性质 伤亡人数 8 月 11 日 东姑塔省 Erbin 氯气袭击 1 人被害、4 人受伤 8 月 6 日 大马士革、东姑塔省 Jobar 氯气袭击 2 人被害、13 人窒息 7 月 30 日 大马士革、东姑塔省 Jobar 氯气袭击 1 人死亡、25 人窒息 7 月 27 日 大马士革 Zamalka、Jobar 有7 枚以上装有氯气的火箭弹 5 人中毒、27 人窒息死亡 7 月 21 日 大马士革 Harasta 有 2 枚装有氯气的炸弹 5 人中毒 7 月 8 日 德尔祖尔省 Al Sheikh Yaseen 居民区、Aal Hwayka 有 3 枚装有氯气的火箭弹 5 人被害、23 人受伤 7 月 7 日 阿勒颇省 Al-Zahra 有 2 枚装有氯气的桶装炸弹 27 人中毒 资料来源:叙利亚人权网和叙利亚裔美国人医学会。 二. 所有各方必须立即解除对居民区的包围,并允许不受阻碍地运送人道主义救援物 资。所有各方必须立即允许联合国人道主义机构和伙伴安全、不受阻碍地接触需 要援助的民众。 违规情况:叙利亚政权实施围困 在叙利亚,目前估计有 64 万叙利亚人居住在围困区,480 万人居住在难以到 达的地区。其中大多数被叙利亚政权部队围困,许多人在姑塔东部和达拉亚地区, 遭受饥饿并缺乏医疗护理。医疗用品和设备的使用继续受到限制,政权施加的限 制严重阻碍了医疗用品和设备的及时送达。成千上万的叙利亚人仍然因政权部队 的阻碍或没收行为而无法得到医治。 三. 强烈谴责叙利亚境内任意羁押平民和对其施行酷刑的行为,特别是在监狱和羁押 设施中,要求立即停止这些行为。 违规情况:叙利亚政权对囚犯使用酷刑 过去 4 年来,因阿萨德政权大规模使用酷刑,记录上超过 11 427 人死亡。大 多数囚犯死于缺乏医疗,因痢疾、体液损失、肺炎、哮喘、心脏病、由于缺乏治 疗而导致小伤口感染等各种医疗问题死亡。7 月,据记录,叙利亚政权监狱有 57 15-14393 (C) 7/8 S/2015/663 人因受酷刑而死亡,包括德拉省 20 人、哈马省 13 人、大马士革市郊区 7 人、霍 姆斯省 5 人、德尔祖尔省 5 人、阿勒颇省 4 人、拉卡省 2 人、大马士革市 1 人和 拉塔基亚 1 人。8 月,继续有人因受酷刑而死亡。8 月 19 日,有 10 人因受酷刑 而死亡。8 月 24 日,在德尔祖尔省,Zeban 村的一个人在被关押在政权监狱两年 后因受酷刑而死亡。8 月 24 日,在德拉省,Sour 的 Habes Falah Al Dowkhi 在拘 留中心因受酷刑而死亡。 四. 所有各方必须立即停止袭击医疗设施和其他民用物体及医务人员,并优先向需要 救助的人提供尽可能全面的医疗服务。还要求所有各方实现医疗设施、学校和其 他民用设施的非军事化 违规情况:叙利亚政权对医疗设施和医务人员实施袭击(2015 年 7 至 8 月) 7 月,对医疗设施、救护车、医务人员的袭击持续不减。据医生促进人权协 会报告,有 8 个医疗设施遭受 9 次袭击——每次袭击都是叙利亚政权用飞机发动 的。7 月,叙利亚政权还杀害了其他医务人员。 表 3 叙利亚政权对医务人员和医疗设施发动袭击的情况(2015 年 7 至 8 月) 日期 省份 城市 袭击的设施 袭击性质 伤亡人数/损害 8 月 7-10 伊德利布省 Saraqeb 对 9 所医院发动袭击 空中轰炸 11 个平民被害、41 人受 日 伤(包括 7 名医务人员) 7 月 28 日 伊德利布省 Idlib、 Kansafra 伊德利布省多科联合门诊 空中轰炸 2 名医务人员被害、7 平 部、叙利亚裔美国人医学 民被害 会医院 7 月 23 日 德拉省 Tal Shehab Tal Shihab 野外医院 5 枚以上桶装炸弹 3 名儿童受伤。医院无法 使用。 7 月 19 日 阿勒颇省 Manbij、Al Sakhour 国家医院 3 枚热感火箭弹 4 人受伤、对医院造成重 大财物损失。 7 月 17 日 大马士革 Deir Al Asafeer 医疗中心 火箭弹袭击 重大财物损失 7 月 16 日 阿勒颇省 Jib Al Kibba 3 枚热感火箭弹 10 人被害 7 月 5 日 德拉省,伊德利布省 Daraa、Knasfara 德拉省临时医院 火箭弹袭击 1 人被害。医院无法使用。 7 月 1 日 伊德利布省,德拉省 Tamana’a Al Tamana 医疗点、Saida 桶装炸弹、毒气筒 15 人被害、5 人受伤、包 医院 括 2 名医务人员被害。医 院有 5 天无法使用。 资料来源:医生促进人权协会和叙利亚人权网。 8/8 15-14393 (C) .
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