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France and the Dissolution of Yugoslavia Christopher David Jones, MA, BA (Hons.)
France and the Dissolution of Yugoslavia Christopher David Jones, MA, BA (Hons.) A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of East Anglia School of History August 2015 © “This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution.” Abstract This thesis examines French relations with Yugoslavia in the twentieth century and its response to the federal republic’s dissolution in the 1990s. In doing so it contributes to studies of post-Cold War international politics and international diplomacy during the Yugoslav Wars. It utilises a wide-range of source materials, including: archival documents, interviews, memoirs, newspaper articles and speeches. Many contemporary commentators on French policy towards Yugoslavia believed that the Mitterrand administration’s approach was anachronistic, based upon a fear of a resurgent and newly reunified Germany and an historical friendship with Serbia; this narrative has hitherto remained largely unchallenged. Whilst history did weigh heavily on Mitterrand’s perceptions of the conflicts in Yugoslavia, this thesis argues that France’s Yugoslav policy was more the logical outcome of longer-term trends in French and Mitterrandienne foreign policy. Furthermore, it reflected a determined effort by France to ensure that its long-established preferences for post-Cold War security were at the forefront of European and international politics; its strong position in all significant international multilateral institutions provided an important platform to do so. -
The French Revolution in the French-Algerian War (1954-1962): Historical Analogy and the Limits of French Historical Reason
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 9-2016 The French Revolution in the French-Algerian War (1954-1962): Historical Analogy and the Limits of French Historical Reason Timothy Scott Johnson The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1424 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE FRENCH REVOLUTION IN THE FRENCH-ALGERIAN WAR (1954-1962): HISTORICAL ANALOGY AND THE LIMITS OF FRENCH HISTORICAL REASON By Timothy Scott Johnson A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2016 © 2016 TIMOTHY SCOTT JOHNSON All Rights Reserved ii The French Revolution in the French-Algerian War (1954-1962): Historical Analogy and the Limits of French Historical Reason by Timothy Scott Johnson This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in History in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Richard Wolin, Distinguished Professor of History, The Graduate Center, CUNY _______________________ _______________________________________________ Date Chair of Examining Committee _______________________ -
Mercredi 10 Juin 1992
Année 1992. - No 45 S. (C. R.) ISSN 0755-544 X Jeudi 11 juin 1992 7 JUIN 1992 JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE DIRECTION DES JOURNAUX OFFICIELS TÉLÉPHONES : 26, rue Desaix, 75727 PARIS CEDEX 15. STANDARD : (1) 40-58-75-00 ABONNEMENTS : (1) 40-58-77-77 TELEX 201176 F DIRJO PARIS 1).JOURNAL OFFICIEL SECONDE SESSION ORDINAIRE DE 1991-1992 COMPTE RENDU INTÉGRAL 32e SÉANCE Séance du mercredi 10 juin 1992 * * (1 f.) 45 1504 SÉNAT - SÉANCE DU 10 JUIN 1992 SOMMAIRE PRÉSIDENCE Article ler A (p. 1536) DE M. PIERRE-CHRISTIAN TAITTINGER MM. Xavier de Villepin, Ivan Renar, Albert Ramassamy, Etienne Dailly, Michel Dreyfus-Schmidt. 1. Procès-verbal (p. 1505). Amendement n° 13 de la commission et sous-amendement n° 16 rectifié de M. Henri Goetschy ; amendement n° 18 de M. Claude Estier. - MM. le rapporteur, Henri 2. Révision de la Constitution. - Suite de la discussion Gcetschy, Claude Estier, le garde des sceaux, Félix Ley- zour, Jacques Habert, Paul Girod, Paul Alduy. - Retrait d'un projet de loi constitutionnelle (p. 1505). de l'amendement n° 18 et du sous-amendement n° 16 MM. Jacques Larché, président et rapporteur de la com- rectifié ; adoption de l'amendement no 13. mission des lois ; le président. Adoption de l'article modifié. Discussion générale (suite) (p. 1505). Mme Hélène Luc, M. le président. MM. Paul Girod, Rodolphe Désiré, Mme Hélène Missoffe, Suspension et reprise de la séance (p. 1541) MM. André Fosset, Michel Poniatowski, Michel Dreyfus-Schmidt, le rapporteur, Maurice Couve de Mur- Articles additionnels après l'article ler A (p. -
Hommage À Maurice Schumann Au Cours De Sa Réunion Du 15 Juin
- 1 - Hommage à Maurice Schumann Au cours de sa réunion du 15 juin 2011, la commission a rendu hommage à son ancien président, M. Maurice Schumann, à l’occasion du centième anniversaire de sa naissance. Intervention du Professeur David Bellamy, maître de conférences en histoire contemporaine à l’université de Picardie-Jules Verne à Amiens A bien des égards, l’automne de l’année 1944 constitue dans la vie de Maurice Schumann un apogée. Il est probable qu’il dut le ressentir ainsi. La cause qu’il avait embrassée avec ferveur, auprès du général de Gaulle en juin 1940, la libération du territoire national, était en cours. Bien plus et comme il l’avait souhaité dès la signature de son engagement dans la France libre, il participait à cette libération, sur le terrain, comme combattant. Dans la matinée du 6 juin 1944, intégré au corps expéditionnaire britannique, il avait posé, enfin !, le pied sur le sol de la patrie, à Asnelles, s’emparant d’une poignée se sable qu’il avait embrassée. Ce moment de sa vie fut d’une telle intensité qu’il décida de faire de cette petite commune normande le lieu de son inhumation et c’est là qu’il repose aujourd’hui. Une semaine après son propre débarquement, il avait accueilli, sur la plage de Courseulles, son chef, le général de Gaulle, puis l’avait annoncé aux populations de Bayeux, sur la grand’ place de cette ville, avec les mots célèbres qu’il avait tant de fois répétés au micro de la BBC : « Honneur et Patrie, vous allez entendre le général de Gaulle ». -
The French Factor in U.S
The French Factor in U.S. Foreign Policy during the Nixon-Pompidou Period, 1969-1974 Marc Trachtenberg Department of Political Science University of California at Los Angeles July 19, 2010 When Richard Nixon took office as president of the United States in early 1969, he and his national security advisor Henry Kissinger wanted to put America’s relationship with France on an entirely new footing. Relations between the two countries in the 1960s, and especially from early 1963 on, had been far from ideal, and U.S. governments at the time blamed French president Charles de Gaulle for the fact that the United States was on such poor terms with its old ally. But Nixon and Kissinger took a rather different view. They admired de Gaulle and indeed thought of themselves as Gaullists.1 Like de Gaulle, they thought that America in the past had been too domineering. “The excessive concentration of decision-making in the hands of the senior partner,” as Kissinger put it in a book published in 1965, was not in America’s own interest; it drained the alliance of “long-term political vitality.”2 The United States needed real allies—“self-confident partners with a strongly developed sense of identity”—and not satellites.3 Nixon took the same line in meetings both with de Gaulle in March 1969 and with his successor as president, Georges Pompidou, in February 1970. It was “not healthy,” he told Pompidou, “to have just two superpowers”; “what we need,” he said, “is a better balance in the West.”4 This paper was originally written for a conference on Georges Pompidou and the United States which was held in Paris in 2009. -
1 DOUBLE DÉTENTE the Role of Gaullist France and Maoist China In
DOUBLE DÉTENTE The Role of Gaullist France and Maoist China in the Formation of Cold War Détente, 1954-1973 by Alice Siqi Han A thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts with Honors Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts 10 March 2016 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: Détente in Three Parts: The France-China-U.S. Triangle ........................................ 3 1. From Paris to Pékin .................................................................................................................. 17 2. “Opening” the China Box ......................................................................................................... 47 3. The Nixon Administration’s Search for Détente ...................................................................... 82 Conclusion: The Case for Diplomacy ......................................................................................... 113 Works Cited ................................................................................................................................ 122 2 Introduction Détente in Three Parts: The France-China-U.S. Triangle Did the historic “opening to China” during the Cold War start with the French? Conventional Cold War history portrays President Richard Nixon and his chief national security advisor, Henry Kissinger, as the principal architects of the U.S. “opening to China.”1 Part of the Nixon administration’s détente strategy, the China initiative began in 1971 with Kissinger’s -
Journal Officiel De La République Française
* * Année 1985. - N° 3 S. (C. R.) ISSN 0755-544 X Mercredi 3 Avril 1985 JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE DÉBATS PARLEMENTAIRES SÉNAT SECONDE SESSION ORDINAIRE DE 1984-1985 COMPTE RENDU INTEGRAL - i re SEANCE Séance du Mardi 2 Avril 1985. SOMMAIRE 12. - Conférence des présidents (p. 68). PRÉSIDENCE DE M. ALAIN POHER 13. - Droits d'auteur. - Discussion d'un projet de loi (p. 69). 1. - Ouverture de la seconde session ordinaire de 1984-1985 Discussion générale : MM. Jack Lang, ministre de la culture p (p. 66). Charles Jolibois, rapporteur de la commission spéciale ;. Pierre- Christian Taittinger, Jean Colin, Pierre Brantus, Charles Descours, L - Procès-verbal (p. 66). François Collet, Edgar Faure, Jacque Carat. 14. - Candidature à une commission - Décès d'un sénateur (p. 66). (p. 81). 15. - Droits d'auteur. - I. - Décès d'anciens sénateurs (p. 66). Suite de la discussion d'un projet de loi (p. 81). i. - Démission et remplacement d'un sénateur (p. 66). Suite de la discussion générale : MM. Charles Lederman, Edgar Faure, Maurice Schumann, président de la commission - Remplacement d'un sénateur décédé (p. 66). spéciale ; le ministre, le président. Clôture de la discussion générale. Décision du Conseil constitutionnel (p. 66). 16. - Nomination d'un membre d'une commission (p. 85). t. - Cessation de la mission temporaire d'un sénateur (p. 66). 17. - Dépôt de projets de loi (p. 85). - Dépôt de questions orales avec débat (p. 66). 18. - Dépôt de propositions de loi (p. 86). 0. - Retrait de questions orales avec débat (p. 68). 19. - Ordre du jour (p. 86). 1. - Représentation à un organisme extraparlementaire (p. -
2499 Prelims 7/4/03 2:40 Pm Page I
Atkin 2 colours 30/4/03 4:54 pm Page 1 It is widely assumed that the French in the Cover illustration: A French soldier and two of his British Isles during the Second World War comrades, coming from Dunkirk, receive a snack THE were fully-fledged supporters of General after landing in Great Britain, 1940. Courtesy of Photos12.com – Oasis de Gaulle, and that across the channel at FORGOTTEN least, the French were a ‘nation of THE ATKIN resisters’. This highly provocative study reveals that most exiles were on British FORGOTTEN FRENCH soil by chance rather than by design, and Exiles in the British Isles, 1940-44 many were not sure whether to stay. FRENCH Overlooked by historians, who have Exiles in the British Isles, 1940-44 concentrated on the ‘Free French’ of de Gaulle, these were the ‘Forgotten French’: The forgotten French refugees swept off the beaches of Dunkirk; servicemen held in camps after the Franco-German armistice; Vichy consular officials left to cater for their compatriots; and a sizeable colonist community based mainly in London. This is a really interesting and important work, which will Drawing on little-known archival sources, this study examines the hopes and fears of be of interest to scholars of twentieth-century Britain and these communities who were bitterly France because it throws light on so many other issues. divided among themselves, some being attracted to Pétain as much as to de Dr Richard Vinen, King’s College, London Gaulle. It also looks at how they fitted into British life and how the British in turn responded. -
Publicis and the French Advertising World
PUBLICIS AND THE FRENCH ADVERTISING WORLD, 1946-1 968 Clark Hultquist, Ph.D. Department ofBehavioral and Social Sciences University ofMontevallo The French advertising agency, Publicis, experienced a renaissance after the Second World War. While today, the Publicis Groupe is known as the fourth largest advertising agency in the world, few outside ofFrance were aware of the firm’s existence in 1946. Publicis’ growth occurred within the framework of France’s post-war economic boom—the expansion of the advertising industry, in particular. This paper will review several factors for the firm’s rise: key connections with the French government, the company’s use of symbols to promote itself; and the agency’s ability to attract diverse clients. My first success, basically, was not difficult. I had a lot of audacity, but I also [had] a lot of luck. One thing led to another and I found myself carried by a kind of avalanche of success. The second success was much more difficult to earn. Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet’ In August 1944, Marcel Bleustein-Blanchet returned to Montmartre, Paris, to the door of his pre-Second World War advertising agency, Publicis. The office place was no longer identified as his, as the government had closed down the “Jewish owned” business, deemed by Vichy France. After the war, Bleustein-Blanchet had virtually nothing; no apartment, no furniture, or possessions, except for his firm’s records, which he had to use to rebuild his agency from the ground up. The office locale was still the same: small, dark and grubby. The visit inspired him. -
The British Left Intelligentsia and France Perceptions and Interactions 1930-1944
ROYAL HOLLOWAY UNIVERSITY OF LONDON DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY The British Left Intelligentsia and France Perceptions and Interactions 1930-1944 Alison Eleanor Appleby September 2013 Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Declaration of Authorship I, Alison Appleby, confirm that this is my own work and the use of all material from other sources has been properly and fully acknowledged. Signed________________________________ Date__________________________________ 2 ABSTRACT This thesis is concerned with the ways in which the non-communist British left interacted with their French counterparts during the 1930s and the Second World War and described France in their writings and broadcasts. It challenges existing accounts that have described British attitudes to France as characterised by suspicion, ill-feeling or even contempt. It draws on a range of sources, including reportage, private papers, records of left-wing societies and other publications from the period, as well as relevant articles and books. The thesis explores the attitudes of British left-wing intellectuals, trade unionists and politicians and investigates their attempts to find common ground and formulate shared aspirations. The thesis takes a broadly chronological approach, looking first at the pre-1939 period, then at three phases of war and finally at British accounts of the Liberation of France. In the 1930s, British left-wing commentators sought to explain events in France and to work with French socialists and trade unionists in international forums in their search for an appropriate response to both fascism and Soviet communism. Following the defeat of France, networks that included figures from the British left and French socialists living in London in exile developed. -
De Gaulle and Europe
De Gaulle and Europe: Historical Revision and Social Science Theory by Andrew Moravcsik• Harvard University Program for the Study of Germany and Europe Working Paper Series 8.5 Abstract The thousands of books and articles on Charles de Gaulle's policy toward European integration, wheth er written by historians, social scientists, or commentators, universally accord primary explanatory importance to the General's distinctive geopolitical ideology. In explaining his motivations, only sec ondary significance, if any at all, is attached to commercial considerations. This paper seeks to re· verse this historiographical consensus by examining the four major decisions toward European integra tion during de Gaulle's presidency: the decisions to remain in the Common Market in 1958, to propose the Foucher Plan in the early 1960s, to veto British accession to the EC, and to provoke the "empty chair" crisis in 1965-1966, resulting in the "Luxembourg Compromise." In each case, the overwhelm ing bulk of the primary evidence-speeches, memoirs, or government documents-suggests that de Gaulle's primary motivation was economic, not geopolitical or ideological. Like his predecessors and successors, de Gaulle sought to promote French industry and agriculture by establishing protected mar kets for their export products. This empirical finding has three broader implications: (1) For those in· teresred in the European Union, it suggests that regional integration has been driven primarily by economic, not geopolitical considerations--even in the "least likely" case. (2) For those interested in the role of ideas in foreign policy, it suggests that strong interest groups in a democracy limit the im· pact of a leader's geopolitical ideology--even where the executive has very broad institutional autono my. -
Historical Dictionary of World War II France Historical Dictionaries of French History
Historical Dictionary of World War II France Historical Dictionaries of French History Historical Dictionary of the French Revolution, 1789–1799 Samuel F. Scott and Barry Rothaus, editors Historical Dictionary of Napoleonic France, 1799–1815 Owen Connelly, editor Historical Dictionary of France from the 1815 Restoration to the Second Empire Edgar Leon Newman, editor Historical Dictionary of the French Second Empire, 1852–1870 William E. Echard, editor Historical Dictionary of the Third French Republic, 1870–1940 Patrick H. Hutton, editor-in-chief Historical Dictionary of the French Fourth and Fifth Republics, 1946–1991 Wayne Northcutt, editor-in-chief Historical Dictionary of World War II France The Occupation, Vichy, and the Resistance, 1938–1946 Edited by BERTRAM M. GORDON Greenwood Press Westport, Connecticut Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Historical dictionary of World War II France : the Occupation, Vichy, and the Resistance, 1938–1946 / edited by Bertram M. Gordon. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0–313–29421–6 (alk. paper) 1. France—History—German occupation, 1940–1945—Dictionaries. 2. World War, 1939–1945—Underground movements—France— Dictionaries. 3. World War, 1939–1945—France—Colonies— Dictionaries. I. Gordon, Bertram M., 1943– . DC397.H58 1998 940.53'44—dc21 97–18190 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright ᭧ 1998 by Bertram M. Gordon All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97–18190 ISBN: 0–313–29421–6 First published in 1998 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc.