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INSIGHT | DECEMBER 2011 Dark holiday in Detroit As the city verges on insolvency, its social safety net is set to weaken further as the strapped Catholic diocese prepares to close 9 churches. For St. Leo, last week’s Christmas mass may have been its last. BY JOHN D. STOLL PHOTOGRAPHS BY MARK BLINCH ROCK OF AGES St. Leo Church, built 120 years ago at the dawn of Detroit’s rise, is now one of the last sources of stability in a beaten-down neighborhood. mmanuel Miller comes to Saint Leo Catholic him. There he gets a hot meal and free treatment. Church at least twice a month. The 52-year-old “My son helps me pay my rent, (but) I’ve been denied E doesn’t often visit the ornate cathedral upstairs. His social security so I need a little more help than that,” emphysema, which gives him violent bouts of coughing, Miller said. could make it difficult to sit through a Mass. The brown brick building at 4860 15th Street is at the It is the soup kitchen in the basement, which has center of the next downsizing to hit this failing city: the blossomed into a clinic with a dentist office, that sustains restructuring of the Archdiocese of Detroit. 2 St. Leo Catholic Church was built more than 120 years ago as Detroit was developing into a manufacturing powerhouse – first in shipbuilding and later in car making. Today its neighborhood is one of the most abandoned pockets in one of the nation’s most desperate cities. Like many Catholic churches around urban America, it has been hit by a shortage of priests and a dwindling supply of parishioners. The Church’s woes are all the more acute in the Motor City, where St. Leo and the archdiocese are stark examples of the impact of the near-death of the U.S. auto industry. Detroit’s population-and the parish’s flock-have withered along with the car factories. The Christmas Eve Mass performed this past weekend by 81-year old Bishop Thomas Gumbleton may be among the last ever held here. Last month, Archbishop Allen Vigneron released a preliminary draft of the Catholic Church’s third downsizing in Detroit in little more than a decade. The archdiocese has cut its parish count in Detroit’s city limits to 59, down from 79 in 2000. St. Leo is among nine parishes earmarked for closure in the Detroit area within the next few years. In 2012, its congregation is due to be subsumed by the larger St. Cecilia, about three miles away. There is still hope for a reprieve. Vigneron is DWINDLING FLOCK considering a plan to save the charity work in the St Leo’s was built for 1,000 basement by potentially moving it to a new site, and the families; the flock is down pastor currently running both St. Leo and St. Cecilia has to 170 families. Collections proposed keeping it open as a worship center used only – about $1,800 a week – are occasionally. running below what’s needed But both are costly considerations for an archbishop for upkeep. looking to shore up finances. Vigneron will deliver his final plan for the region in February. “Almost all of us recognize that this world in the 21st century is very different than the 1950s and 1960s,” Vigneron said in an interview. “We have to not accept it, but to deal with it.” The closings and mergers, the archbishop’s supporters say, offer the promise of more robust parishes and a sounder financial footing as the archdiocese seeks to recruit new clergy and implement other growth plans. The cuts will hit Detroit particularly hard, however. The city is on the verge of insolvency and is already having a hard time providing basic services, such as functioning streetlights and removal of debris from demolished buildings. 3 In the absence of government, the Church is among “I can’t get this from the pharmacy because I can’t GOOD WORKS the last institutions keeping neighborhoods afloat. get a prescription,” Miller said. “I can’t get a prescription The parish’s services include a As lunch was served to dozens in the cafeteria, Miller’s because I have no health insurance.” soup kitchen, a used-clothes doctor – a volunteer who works most days for paying A few days earlier, a 41-year-old mother named Tlitha center and a free clinic for patients in a suburb several miles north – handed him Bryant walked several miles down a blighted stretch of people without insurance. a baggie full of vitamins, baby aspirin and a $35 inhaler Grand River Avenue leading a group of young men, which cartridge. included her son, to St. Leo. 4 The soup kitchen they typically went to was closed for maintenance. St. Leo was the only church she knew of serving free food, despite passing several other churches and community centers on the way. FAILING SERVICE St. Leo shows how the struggles of so many institutions in the Detroit area are intricately connected: vanishing jobs, a hollowing revenue base, an inability to attract investment. “What hits the Church here is not a lot different than what’s happened to this city,” said Edward “Chip” Miller. Miller (no relation to Emmanuel Miller) is an ex-banking executive who is aiding the attempt to reorganize the archdiocese. He founded Invest Detroit, a firm providing interim financing to investors wanting to start companies or expand in Detroit. “Not unlike General Motors and Chrysler..., in order to be a vibrant player in the community, we have to do painful things,” he said. “GM surely would have preferred to not discontinue Pontiac and GM surely would have preferred not to discontinue Oldsmobile, but they did what they had to do.” As for the Church, Vigneron said there is a point where the buildings and other property go from being assets to liabilities – no matter how sacred they may be. “I have to make a discernment,” he said. “It’s never not about finances; we all have to pay our bills.” When a Catholic church closes, the land and buildings go back to the archdiocese. The neighboring parishes can come and take their pick of relics or ecclesiastical equipment. If a new tenant doesn’t materialize, criminals sometimes do. “If a building sits vacant for even a little while it’s an excellent candidate for vandalism,” said Kevin Messier, who runs Real Estate Professional Services in Southfield, Mich. Thieves often strip the building of copper or pluck out stained glass. COMING CRUNCH A sign warns parishioners that the dental clinic’s funding has fallen. Volunteer physician Dr. Ed Jelonek examines Jerry McCullough. 5 The abandoned Martyrs of Uganda church in Detroit, closed by the Archdiocese in 2006, is an example of this decay. It is littered with rubble, collapsed confessionals, a broken organ. Moss grows on its floors. The windows are gone and support pillars are crumbling because stones have been removed. Messier’s firm sold about three Michigan churches per month in 2011. The firm currently lists 32 churches for sale in the city of Detroit alone with an average selling price of $337,000. PERISHING PARISH Opened in 1889 at the start of Detroit’s shipping and manufacturing boom, St. Leo was built to serve a parish in excess of 1,000 families. It still shows signs of an opulent age: massive murals hanging on the ceiling above the alter, towering windows dressed in stained glass. Now it serves about 170 families. The parish generates $1,800 in weekly giving - not enough to cover an annual budget of at least $100,000 required just for building maintenance, repairs and utilities. Pews no longer needed have been removed from the back of the church over the years, and the space has been converted to a common area. St. Leo’s struggle with overcapacity mirrors its neighborhood’s plight. The streetlights a block away are wrapped in black plastic bags. Several houses stand vacant and, on a street where new houses were recently built, piles of debris from recent demolitions are uncollected. Last week, the Detroit Public Library system closed LIFE’S ESSENTIALS four branches libraries to save on utility bills and librarian St. Leo is a magnet for local salaries. The city recently shut several schools amid people needing help with food declining enrollment. and clothing. A provisional Detroit’s municipal problems have put an enormous plan would move its charity strain on city departments that provide basic services, operation to another building. hampering chances for a recovery. Only 60 percent of buses show up on time, according to a recent report on the city’s website. A plan for the construction of a major light-rail system has been repeatedly shelved. In coming weeks, the state of Michigan will decide whether to install an emergency financial manager with power to dramatically change Detroit’s cost structure in hopes of getting its deficit under control and start working down the city’s $12 billion debt load. 6 GHOST OF THE FUTURE? The archdiocese has had to shut 20 parishes. One such church is Martyrs of Uganda, seen on this page and next, whose abandoned hulk now adds to the city’s blight. Such a move could put city jobs and private contracts at risk, dealing another blow to small businesses and civic organizations. FIGHT FOR SURVIVAL While Vigneron struggles with the archdiocese’s finances and the state deliberates the city’s future, the effort to sustain aid to Detroit’s poor is supported by priests like Father Theodore Parker.

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