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TAXON:Schoenoplectus Californicus (C. A. Mey.) Sojak SCORE:21.0

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TAXON:Schoenoplectus Californicus (C. A. Mey.) Sojak SCORE:21.0 TAXON: Schoenoplectus SCORE: 21.0 RATING: High Risk californicus (C. A. Mey.) Sojak Taxon: Schoenoplectus californicus (C. A. Mey.) Sojak Family: Cyperaceae Common Name(s): California bulrush Synonym(s): Elytrospermum californicum C. A. Mey. giant bulrush Scirpus californicus (C. A. Mey.) Steud. southern bulrush Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 21 Jan 2016 WRA Score: 21.0 Designation: H(HPWRA) Rating: High Risk Keywords: Aquatic Sedge, Environmental Weed, Dense Cover, Rhizomatous, Water-Dispersed Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 y subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 y 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Creation Date: 21 Jan 2016 (Schoenoplectus Page 1 of 18 californicus (C. A. Mey.) Soj TAXON: Schoenoplectus SCORE: 21.0 RATING: High Risk californicus (C. A. Mey.) Sojak Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 y=1, n=0 y conditions if not a volcanic island) 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 y 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 y 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs 504 y=1, n=0 n -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native 601 y=1, n=0 n habitat 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 y 604 Self-compatible or apomictic 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 4+ years = -1 2 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants 701 y=1, n=-1 y growing in heavily trafficked areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 802 yr) 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 y 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced 805 biocontrol agents) Creation Date: 21 Jan 2016 (Schoenoplectus Page 2 of 18 californicus (C. A. Mey.) Soj TAXON: Schoenoplectus SCORE: 21.0 RATING: High Risk californicus (C. A. Mey.) Sojak Supporting Data: Qsn # Question Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? n Source(s) Notes Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of [No evidence of domestication] "Native to coastal areas of southern the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. University United States (south of South Carolina and California) south to of Hawai͚i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. Argentina and Chile in salt or freshwater marshes at low elevations" 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication NA 103 Does the species have weedy races? Source(s) Notes WRA Specialist. 2016. Personal Communication NA Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet High tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" Source(s) Notes "Native: Northern America North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Kansas, - Oklahoma Northern Mexico: Mexico - Baja Sur, - Coahuila, - Durango, - San Luis Potosi South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico, - Texas Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama, - Arkansas, - Florida, USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network, - Georgia, - Louisiana, - Mississippi, - North Carolina, - South 2016. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Carolina, - Tennessee Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Southern Mexico: Mexico - Chiapas, - Guanajuato, - Hidalgo, - [Accessed 19 Jan 2016] Jalisco, - Mexico, - Michoacan, - Puebla, - Queretaro Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona, - California, - Nevada Southern America Brazil: Brazil Mesoamerica: El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras Southern South America: Argentina; Chile; Paraguay; Uruguay Western South America: Bolivia; Ecuador; Peru" 202 Quality of climate match data High Source(s) Notes USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network, 2016. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. [Accessed 19 Jan 2016] Creation Date: 21 Jan 2016 (Schoenoplectus Page 3 of 18 californicus (C. A. Mey.) Soj TAXON: Schoenoplectus SCORE: 21.0 RATING: High Risk californicus (C. A. Mey.) Sojak Qsn # Question Answer 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y Source(s) Notes Floridata. 2015. Schoenoplectus californicus. http://mobile.floridata.com/Plants/Cyperaceae/Schoenop "Hardiness: USDA Zones 7 - 11." lectus%20californicus/1120. [Accessed 19 Jan 2016] Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 2002. Flora of [Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental North America: Volume 23: Magnoliophyta: versatility] "Brackish to fresh marshes, shores, often emergent in Commelinidae (in Part): Cyperaceae. Oxford University water; ϬʹϭϰϬϬm" Press, Oxford, UK Wagner, W.L., Herbst, D.R.& Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of [Elevation range exceeds 1000 m, demonstrating environmental the flowering plants of Hawaii. Revised edition. University versatility] "in Hawai'i naturalized or possibly indigenous, 0-1,220 m, of Hawai͚i Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, HI. on all of the main islands except Kaho'olawe." Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y subtropical climates Source(s) Notes Erickson, T.A. & Puttock, C.F. 2006. Hawai'i Wetland Field "Distribution: California bulrush is native to coastal areas of the Guide: An Ecological And Identification Guide to Wetlands tropical and subtropical Americas, now distributed worldwide in And Wetland Plants of the Hawaiian Islands. Bess Press brackish to freshwater marshes and shores..." Books, Honolulu, HI "Native: Northern America North-Central U.S.A.: United States - Kansas, - Oklahoma Northern Mexico: Mexico - Baja Sur, - Coahuila, - Durango, - San Luis Potosi South-Central U.S.A.: United States - New Mexico, - Texas Southeastern U.S.A.: United States - Alabama, - Arkansas, - Florida, USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network, - Georgia, - Louisiana, - Mississippi, - North Carolina, - South 2016. National Plant Germplasm System [Online Carolina, - Tennessee Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Southern Mexico: Mexico - Chiapas, - Guanajuato, - Hidalgo, - [Accessed 19 Jan 2016] Jalisco, - Mexico, - Michoacan, - Puebla, - Queretaro Southwestern U.S.A.: United States - Arizona, - California, - Nevada Southern America Brazil: Brazil Mesoamerica: El Salvador; Guatemala; Honduras Southern South America: Argentina; Chile; Paraguay; Uruguay Western South America: Bolivia; Ecuador; Peru" Creation Date: 21 Jan 2016 (Schoenoplectus Page 4 of 18 californicus (C. A. Mey.) Soj TAXON: Schoenoplectus SCORE: 21.0 RATING: High Risk californicus (C. A. Mey.) Sojak Qsn # Question Answer Does the species have a history of repeated 205 y introductions outside its natural range? Source(s) Notes [Presumably introduced and naturalized in at least three locations outside native range] "Naturalized: USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network, Australasia 2016. National Plant Germplasm System [Online New Zealand: New Zealand Database]. http://www.ars-grin.gov/npgs/index.html. Pacific [Accessed 20 Jan 2016] North-Central Pacific: United States - Hawaii South-Central Pacific: Cook Islands" 301 Naturalized beyond native range y Source(s) Notes "Ecological, taxonomic, and physiological notes are given on de Lange, P. J., Gardner, R. O., Champion, P. D., & Tanner, Schoenoplectus californicus. This species has been recently recorded C. C. (1998). Schoenoplectus californicus (Cyperaceae) in as naturalized in New Zealand, despite the possibility that it may New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 36(3), 319- have been present in the country since c. 1900 and overlooked 327 through confusion with the indigenous
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