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Father Jean De Brébeuf Arrived in Québec with the Recollect, Joseph De La Roche D’Aillon

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Father Jean De Brébeuf Arrived in Québec with the Recollect, Joseph De La Roche D’Aillon PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN SOME PEOPLE (ALMOST) MENTIONED IN WALDEN: PÈRE JEAN DE BREBEUF AND THE JESUIT PACIFISTS Henry Thoreau knew that torture was as American as apple pie, and warfare as sacred as Mom. Nevertheless he paid attention to the activities of some folks in Canada who had been brave enough and audacious enough to worship God — without a single weapon in either hand. WALDEN: The Jesuits were quite balked by those Indians who, being PEOPLE OF burned at the stake, suggested new modes of torture to their WALDEN tormentors. Being superior to physical suffering, it sometimes chanced that they were superior to any consolation which the missionaries could offer; and the law to do as you would be done by fell with less persuasiveness on the ears of those, who, for their part, did not care how they were done by, who loved their enemies after a new fashion, and came very near freely forgiving them all they did. THE JESUITS “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project The People of Walden HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: JEAN DE BREBEUF PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1593 March 25, Sunday (New Year’s Day, Old Style): Jean de Brébeuf was born at Condé-sur-Vire in Normandy, France. NOBODY COULD GUESS WHAT WOULD HAPPEN NEXT The People of Walden “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: JEAN DE BREBEUF PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1600 There were probably fewer than 20,000 individuals in the five tribes of the Iroquois at this time. The Iroquois were sedentary rather than nomadic, living in clans in longhouses in fortified agricultural villages. These longhouses were covered with elm bark and might well be over 200 feet in length. Their history begins with the twin brothers, Enigorio and Enigonhahetgea (good spirit and evil spirit), their creatures the Eagwehoewe (people), and their enemies the Ronnongwetowanca (giants). The earliest people were championed by the hero Donhtonha and the less heroic Yatatonwatea and plagued by the mischievous Shotyeronsgwea. These early people were also threatened by, but survived, the Big Quisquiss or mammoth, the Big Elk, the great Emperor who resided at the Golden City to the south, the great horned serpent of Lake Ontario, and the blazing star that fell. Their monstrous enemies included the Konearaunehneh (Flying Heads), the Lake Serpent, the Otneyarheh (Stonish Giants), the snake with the human head, the Oyalkquoher or Oyalquarkeror (the Big Bear), the great musqueto, Kaistowanea (the serpent with two heads), the great Lizard, and the witches introduced by the Skaunyatohatihawk or Nanticokes. When the creation was renewed and restored, the Five Nations/Six Nations tribal alliance was formed and would intermittently be rescued by the intervention of Tarenyawagon, the Holder of the Heavens. The Five Nations was a tribal alliance, or Ggoneaseabneh (Long House), formed in order to effectively oppose the power of the Sohnourewah (Shawnees), Twakanhahors (Mississaugers), Ottauwahs, Squawkihows, Kanneastokaroneah (Eries), Ranatshaganha (Mohegans), Nay-Waunaukauraunah, and Keatahkiehroneah. Important figures in the history include headmen Atotarho I, Atotarho II, Atotarho III, Atotarho IV, Atotarho V, Atotarho VI, Atotarho VII, Atotarho VIII, Atotarho IX, Atotarho X, Atotarho XI, Atotarho XII, Atotarho XIII, the war headmen Shorihowane and Thoyenogea, Sauwanoo, Queen Yagowanea, and the allied or friendly Dog Tail Nation and the Kauwetseka. These were the original Five Nations in this tribal alliance: • The Teakawrehhogeh or Tehawrehogeh (Mohawks) • The Newhawtehtahgo or Nehawretahgo (Oneidas) • The Seuhnaukata or Seuhnowkahtah (Onondagas) • The Shoneanawetowah (Cayugas) • The Tehooneanyohent or Tehowneanyohent (Senecas) HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: JEAN DE BREBEUF PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN This tribal alliance was later joined by the Kautanohakau (Tuscaroras), to make up a Six Nations tribal alliance. The league’s primary law was the Kainerekowa, which simply stated that Iroquois should not kill one another. The Iroquois League’s organization was prescribed by a written constitution based on 114 wampums and reinforced by a funeral rite known as the “Condolence” — shared mourning at the passing of sachems from the member tribes. The council was composed of 50 male sachems known variously as lords, or peace chiefs. Each tribe’s representation was set: Onondaga 14, Cayuga 10, Oneida 9, Mohawk 9, and Seneca 8. This League was formed prior to any contact with white people and thus owed nothing to European influence. The Iroquois considered themselves Ongwi Honwi, superior people. Their isolation inland would protect them to some degree during the initial European epidemics along the continental coast, so that later on they would begin to wield a great deal of influence in the native American world. HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: JEAN DE BREBEUF PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: JEAN DE BREBEUF PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN John Bartram’s 1751 diagram of an Iroquois longhouse and the town of Oswego. HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: JEAN DE BREBEUF PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1609 June: Having established a settlement at Québec, the French had reached west with their trade in furs to the vicinity of Montréal. They found the area so devastated by intertribal warfare that it was possible for them to travel along the St. Lawrence for days without glimpsing any human being. The Algonkin and Montagnais were being so harassed by Mohawk war parties that they usually were remaining well clear of the river. What the potential fur-trading partners for the French wanted was not so much trade goods, which were nice, but assistance in fighting the Mohawk, an Iroquois nation. At the suggestion of some Ottawa warriors, eleven lightly armored French fusileers took their firesticks along with a Huron, Montagnais, and Algonkin war party of some hundreds, to make trouble to the south along the shores of Lake Champlain. When the opposing parties were massed for close combat, Samuel de Champlain fired once, killing one Iroquois leader and seriously injuring another with the same bullet. The ranks of the Iroquois broke and ran and then there was some general slaughter. (The Mohawk would quickly learn that they needed to discard such mass formations, and shuck their ineffective wooden body armor, and in the future they would attempt to counter French firearms by dropping to the ground just before firearms were discharged.) As a result of this fateful encounter, the Iroquois confederation would ally themselves with other tribes and with the Dutch, and permanently become the intractable enemy of everything French. “Our founding fathers understood that the guys with the guns make the rules.” — Executive Vice President of the NRA (National Rifle Association) Wayne LaPierre speaking in the Regency Ballroom of the Washington DC Marriott Wardman Park Hotel to the Conservative Political Action Conference at 10:15-10:45AM on February 27, 2009 HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: JEAN DE BREBEUF PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: JEAN DE BREBEUF PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1610 Not having caused enough of a mess already, Samuel de Champlain, armed and dangerous, took his firestick and joined in yet another native attack, this time against a Mohawk fort on the Richelieu River. Soon the Mohawk would be driven from the valley of the St. Lawrence and the Algonkin and Montagnais would achieve ascendancy over this area and its fur trade. Meanwhile the French would be pushing west to the villages of the Huron. However, with Dutch traders arriving in the Hudson Valley of New York, more than willing to sell guns and powder and lead and steel blades, the Iroquois would be able to solve a part of their weaponry problem. “Our founding fathers understood that the guys with the guns make the rules.” — Executive Vice President of the NRA (National Rifle Association) Wayne LaPierre speaking in the Regency Ballroom of the Washington DC Marriott Wardman Park Hotel to the Conservative Political Action Conference at 10:15-10:45AM on February 27, 2009 DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION? GOOD. The People of Walden “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: JEAN DE BREBEUF PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1617 November 8, Saturday (some say October 5, Sunday) (Old Style): At the age of 24 Jean de Brébeuf became a novitiate of the Society of Jesus at Rouen, France as a scholastic (actually, what he had wanted was to become a lay brother). LIFE IS LIVED FORWARD BUT UNDERSTOOD BACKWARD? — NO, THAT’S GIVING TOO MUCH TO THE HISTORIAN’S STORIES. LIFE ISN’T TO BE UNDERSTOOD EITHER FORWARD OR BACKWARD. “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project The People of Walden HDT WHAT? INDEX THE PEOPLE OF WALDEN: JEAN DE BREBEUF PEOPLE MENTIONED IN WALDEN 1621 Captain John Mason, who had been acting as Proprietary Governor of Cuper’s Cove on the coast of Newfoundland since 1616, returned at this point to England. He would not be replaced and nevertheless the colony would endure for the remainder of the century. Back in England, he would consult with Sir William Alexander about the possibility of establishing a new colony, this time on Nova Scotia. In Canada, the Iroquois began their system of extermination, and carried on the most sanguinary and destructive warfare in the history of the world. A mission was sent to France to represent the defenceless state of the colony. The patent for the colony was transferred to William and Emeric de Caen. In France, the normally very robust Jean de Brébeuf experienced some sort of collapse of his bodily health. It would not be possible for him to continue theological studies.
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