American Mineralogist, Volume 59, pages 427437,1974

Memorialof CecilEdgar Tilley May L4, 1894-January 24, 1973

G. A. CmNNenr

Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, , En:gland

projectingan ill-baked pudding at the cook. If in the future the son was to show a comparable in- toleranceof incompetence,it is improbablethat his displeasurewas ever so forcibly expressed. Of how Tilley first becameenthralled by Geology and Petrologywe have no record. His family was intenselymusical and Tilley himself as a boy was keenly interestedin the piano and was a proficient organ-player.In later years he expressedregret that in his first enthusiasmfor Sciencehe had allowed this interestto lapse.However, the Adelaideof his day, with its native scrub and the beautifully dis- played sectionsof the Adelaide System-the uncon- formities, tillites, metamorphic rocks and glanitic intrusives-within easy street-car or train ride cer- tainly offered ample incentivefor the young Natural Historian.By his secondyear at AdelaideUniversity he had accepteda post in the GeologlrDepartment as Cadet, whereby in exchange for making thin- sectionsand performingother small services,he was grantedremission of fees. The GeologicalStaff in Adelaide comprisedWalter Howchin, one of that doughtyband of stratigrapher-adventurerswho had decipheredthe Geology of a Continent by footwork, flair, and good fortune; and DouglasMawson, petrol- ogist, then absenton his Antarctic Epic. Mawson's locum tenens in 191.2was W. R. Browne. The With the death on 24 January 1973 of C. E. petrologyclass was small and the only outstanding Tilley, Petrologylost one of its foremostproponents, studentin it was Tilley, who reinforcedhis native and an Augustan Era in the history of our Science acumenwith avid readingof the latestjournals, de- wasbrought to a close. vouring them with his lunch-timesandwiches in the was born in Adelaide, South adjacentPublic Library. , on May 14, 1894, the son of a Civil Browne'sappointment in Adelaide terminatedat Engineerin the SouthAustralian State Service. One the end of 1912, but he spent some time in early of Tilley's earliestmemories, of a time at the turn of 1913 collecting from the Palaeozoicgranitic in- the century when his family was living in Darwin trusivesexposed at Victor Harbor on the coastsouth during harbor-constructionthere, was of his father of Adelaide;Tilley was a naturalfield-assistant. Dur- 'For ing this trip the two discovered a newly-exposed their assistancein the preparation of this memorial, I am indebted to many of Professor Tilley's friends and Permian glacial pavement,now known as "Selwyn's associates,in particular to Dr. W. R. Browne and Professor Rock." This appearsto have been Tilley's first ex- T. G, Vallance who made the early correspondenceavail- perienceof what he was later to call the "supreme able to me. exhilarationof the chase";as in many a subsequent

laa MEMORIALS pursuit, he followed hard on the scent,crossing the the "augustpresence of Harker" who, as he wrote, appropriatelynamed InvestigatorStrait to examine "had none of the severitywith which I had asso- the relatedgranites of CapeWilloughby on Kangaroo ciatedthe name."At that time the petrologicalinter- Island.The descriptionsof CapeWilloughby ( 1919) est of Cambridge University was divided between comprisehis first publishedpetrological work. the Sedgwick Museum of Geology, with Alfred After Browne'sreturn to Sydney,pupil andteacher Harker as Lecturer in Petrology,and the Mineralogy begana correspondencewhich lastedfor more than Department.Tilley's first impressionof the Sedgwick a decade;fragments, now in the possessionof T. G. Museumwas hardly favorable."It is about as good Vallance,survive. It is clear that the attractionsof as the Lab in AdelaideUniversity, only Mammalian stratigraphywere still strong for Tilley; he wrote skeletonsand Tertiary invertebratessurround you in lamentingthe lack of fossilsin the Adelaide Hills, and out of cabinets." His impressionof Cambridge and had to be cautionedby Browne against the Universitywas hardly better.The disciplineof Cap workingsof the "StratigraphicalMicrobe." However, and Gown, of the keeping of Term, Hall, and Gate- by the time in November l9l4 fhat he had com- hours, was to him irrelevant and sat but awkwardly pletedthe four-yearB.Sc. Honors course,his mind on his broad shoulders.A shy young man, he made was clear; in the subsequentyear he followed friends with difficulty, and immersed himself the Browneto SydneyUniversity where he againbecame more single-mindedlyin his work. Within two years an Undergraduate,completing the final-yearB.Sc. he had published five papers of quality, his treat- courseand beingawarded medals in both of his sub- ment of the Australian granite-gneissassemblages jects, Chemistry and Geology. Both Departments in particular giving an early exampleof his analytical eagerlysought his servicesas junior demonstrator; power. He had come to Europe at a petrologically he choseGeology. In mid-1916Australia had been exciting time. had but lately trans- at war for nearly two years, and Tilley had com- ferred his interest from igneous petrology, and the pletedhis annualobligation of military training.But field of metamorphismwas feeling the impact of his he had no heart for the clarions of war; on the originaland rigorousmind. Goldschmidt'sStavanger paradesof his Regimenthe cut an unsoldierlyfigure, memoir, Eskola's essay on the mineral facies of itching and bored in his coarsekhaki. Character- metamorphic rocks, and Br/gger's account of the istically,however, he utilized every possibleoppor- Fen District were shortly to appear. Tilley's first tunity; when set to guard enemyinternees, he spent excursionto continentalEurope was in 1921 when the time improvinghis knowledgeof German.In the he visited the classicNorwegian localities; here he eventhe was sparedthe ordealof the trenches.The gained a lasting impressionof the quality of the British armamentindustry, strained by the insatiable Oslo Department's facilities and research which dem,andsof the Ypresbarrages, called for competent seemsto have influencedthe characterof the De- chemists,and at the end of the year Tilley madehis partmenthe was later to create.For somesix years first voyageto Britain to work at a munitionsfactory he divided the summer vacation betweenfield-work at Queensferrynear .Here he soonestab- in Scotlandand excursionsto Scandinavia,Germany, lished a reputation for being the man-on-the-job, and Switzerland.Barrow's pioneer mapping of the availableat any hour of day or night; and here in metamorphiczones of the South-EasternHighlands chargeof a chemicalplant he had his first experi- had remainedneglected if not unnoticed,and several enceof the responsibilityhe waslater to exerciseso geologists,lacking Barrow's insight, had proposed well. unsound extensionsof his schemebased on such With the Armisticein 1918 Tilley returnedto curious criteria as the existenceof garnet with or Australia,but the resumptionof his post was brief. without albite. Into these Augean stablesof incom- He was awardedan 1851 Scholarship(from a fund prehensionswept Tilley. In a seriesof classicpapers set up in Britain from the profits of the great In- he expandedthe knowledgeof both field and petro- dustrialExhibition of 1851) and so after the lapse logicalrelations of the chlorite,garnet, and staurolite of barely a year was againon the high seas,bearing zonesto the limit then possible;indeed the subject an extensivecollection of metamorphicrocks from remainedas he left it for 30 yearsuntil the advent the Archeancomplex of Eyre's Peninsulaof South of the electron probe permitted the advanceto re- Australia.Tilley first setfoot in Cambridge,, sume.During this period he toyed with many other on Thursday,5 February 1920. He was taken into topics; he defendedEskola's new mineral facies MEMORIALS 429 schemeagainst influential but incomprehendingcriti- considerablyupon it. However, this experienceof cism, and utilized the experimentaldata then avail- distractive labor, absorbing second-handthe ideas able in an analysisof the phaserelations of contact- and observationsof others, must surely have con- metamorphic assemblageswhich in its context tributed to his final decisionnever to write a book: remainsas a standardtreatment. More particularly "Books?They aren't worth the candle!" and perhapsless successfully,he attempteda syn- During the late twenties Tilley first met Irene thesisof the metamorphicand tectonic characteristics Marshall.Their marriagein 1928,starting a partner- of the Dalradian;convinced that he could provethat ship of 45 years,certainly settled him in the Cam- the metamorphiczonation was inverted (i.e., garnet bridgewhich was henceforwardto be his home.The grade overlay biotite grade) he spent severalsum- same year saw Tilley's appointment as Lecturer in mers with G. L. Elles on a program of detailed Petrology,but greaterthings were in store. mapping in an attempt to show that the inversion Although most of the early occupants of the wasof tectonicorigin. If the resultingpaper (1930) Woodwardian Chair of Geology in Cambridgewere finds little favor today, many of the conceptsad- mineralogists, the separation of Mineralogy from vanced have never been refuted. With changing Geologycame with the establishmentin 1808 of a notions on the causeof Dalradian metamorphism, chair for Edward Daniel Clarke, whose public lec- we may yet seemany of the ideasof Elles and Tilley tures on "Mineralogy as Illustrative of the History resumedin moresophisticated guise. of the Sacredand Profane Arts" had raised the en- During this period Tilley remainedin the limbo thusiasmof the University. Clarke was followed by of the post-graduatestudent. His 1851 exhibition a sequenceof distinguishedmen-J. S. Henslow was convertedto a senior award,in 1922, and he (1822-1827), later Professorof Botany and the was appointedto the temporary position of Demon- teacherof CharlesDarwin; ( 1828- strator in 1923. but he remainedunsettled and un- 1832), the deviser of.the hkl systemof crystal nota- certain.He first met Norman L. Bowen on a field tion now named after his successor;and the great trip with Harker in Skye (1923), but a projected W. H. Miller (1832-1881).By thelate 19thcentury position at the Geophysical Laboratory did not the Department of Mineralogy was essentially a eventuateand a visit to Australia during the south- crystallographic department; the last Professor, ern winter of 1924 produced no firm ofiers of em- Arthur Hutchinson,had early recognizedthe im- ployment. Staying with his parents in Adelaide, he portance of the new tool of X-ray analysisand had wrote to Browne in a state of despondence,"My built up a thriving school including J. D. Bernal as own think-box is still in a state of topsy-turveydom Reader (- full Professor) in Structural Crystal- so that I occasionallyget a wild idea to chuck lography. Under the long reign of petrology. ." That this could be written by a (1818-1873) the GeologyDepartment had sufiered man who had accomplished-andwas to accomplish a comparable polarization, towards palaeontology. -5e nustr must be a profound comfort to us lesser When Tilley arrived in Cambridge, Petrology, still men. The doyen of the Australian geologicalworld, the province of the SedgwickMuseum, found much and head of the Sydney Geology Department in of its interestin the MineralogyDepartment. Tilley's studentdays, was T. W. E. (Sir Edgworth) The simultaneousretirement in 1931 of Alfred David. ln 1926 David cameto to complete Harker and Arthur Hutchinson thus naturally sug- his monumental Geology of the Commonwealthol gestedthe fusion of their posts.A committeeinclud- Australia. Tilley undertook to prepare accounts of ing Sir Ernest Rutherford,W. H. Bragg, and L. J. the Australian IgneousRocks for inclusionin this Spencerrecommended the establishmentof a De- work. An exhaustivesearch over 70 to 80 years partment of Mineralogy and Petrology and the sepa- of English, German, and Australian literature cer- ration of Crystallographyto form a new department. tainly distractedfrom the main-streamof the chase, (The latter recommendationwas never carriedout, and provided some choice comments."Of all states the CrystallographicLaboratory in Cambridgebeing Queenslandis the most horrid-where granitesare a later sub-departmentof the CavendishLabora- not intrusive but metamorphosedsediments, and tory). where any dark rock is a diorite." This work was Although Tilley was clearly heir presumptiveto never published,although W. R. Browne's (1950) the headship of the Mineralogy/Petrology Depart- later compilationand revisionof David'snotes drew ment, the systemof CambridgeUniversity ensures 430 MEMORIALS

that no heritage is apparent; he was advised that his and interest, seldom had such an array of investiga- absence during the final process of approving the tive facilities been assembledfor concentration on a proposals might be wise. Thus he took his long- particular object. His aim was to produce a labora- accrued academic leave, spending nine months at tory of the top rank both in teaching and in research, the Geophysical Laboratory in Washington, D.C. and produce one he did, with absolute dedication Here with J. F. Schairer he received his baptism in and not a little ruthlessness.It was made quite clear experimental petrology, completing the ternary sys- to students that the facilities he had provided were tem Na2SiOe-NazSizOr-NaAlSiO+-not a system of to be used to the full and that no time was to be great complexity, but rather more difficult in those sosslgd-"ffte hours of this Department, Mr. A, are pre-regulator days when the passageof a street-car 9 till 6 Monday to Saturday," one student was told laboring up the Connecticut Avenue incline could on returning from a mid-week excursion to London. send the galvanometerJight into a frenzy. Clearly he Another student kept a spare jacket in his room, to learned quickly from Schairer, with whom he also be negligently draped over his chair when he wished accomplished a formidable program of travel and to conceal his protracted absencefrom the Depart- fieldwork by railroad and model-A Ford. Many a ment. But after 7 p.m. the laboratory was Tilley's subsequent evening has been enlivened by Frank's own. Then he would work far into the night, or accounts of those excursions: how the two young prowl the darkened corridors and rooms checking men, cooling in the lake after a hot day examining that all was well with his creation. Only the occa- the Wausau nepheline syenite of Wisconsin, emerged sional touch of cigarette ash would next morning some distance from their clothes, disturbing a court- betray to the occupant of a room that he had been ing couple who reported to the local gendarmeriethe visited, or perhaps a letter, addressed in Tilley's presence of exhibitionists. Only in the nick of time formal but gracious style, containing some comment were they able to retrieve the garments of decency on the student's work. For Tilley was a shy man, and, as the police arrived, to point "They went that- and preferred the epistolary mode of communication away." Again, how Frank's schemefor a brief respite with all but his closest friends. Significantly, how- from an America dessicatedby the Volstead Act was ever, few students found this regime oppressive; and nearly ruined when Tilley (who was present on a one soon accommodatedoneself to Tilley's language. single-entry visa and must needs pose as an Ameri- "Most improbable" or "You can do better than can citizen to return from Canada) insisted on pro- this" meant what it said: the student himself was nouncing "Connecticut" with three C's. The scheme, expected to find the flaw in his own argument, or to however, succeeded and on the banks of Niagara devise a circuitous way of eliciting it fro,m the Pro- Tilley and Schairer took their glassesof Sauternes-a fessor. "You'd better make some more analyses" drink, in Frank's opinion, much inferior to beer. meant that the proposal was approved, but was not The appointment as Professor of Mineralogy and yet watertight. "Carry on with this" was the summa Petrology was announced, and in late 1931 Tilley cum laude which sent the student rejoicing away. returned to Cambridge to take up his new duties. He Tilley was a man who taught by example. He carried with him a lasting love of America. Perhaps stood so high that his approbation was sufficient re- because this had been his last youthful exercise, ward, with the excitement of working in a field America remained for him the land of promise; here selected by Tilley as significant. If he did not wel- he was always stimulated, relaxed, and happy. come intimate discussions, he did not reject them Back in England was the task of welding a new when he felt them appropriate; and he always made Department from the disparate elements of the old it quite clear when he could be disturbed. It was a order. That his relentless energy succeededso well fool or a neophyte who knocked a second time on is shown by the opening in 1933 of the new building his closed door; but when the door was ajar, the brim to his design, and the almost simultaneousrelease in of his hat just visible above the top, one could enter the literature of a flood of papers from himself and without hesitation. Then the interview would not be studentsutilizing what can only be termed the "Tilley prolonged; with his instant recall he could answer method." The exhaustive collection in the field, the the question in a trice, and so incisive was the razor painstaking petrographic prognosis, the literature that discussion was normally inappropriate. His search, the separation of minerals for analysis-all immense reprint collection (of some 14,000 titles this had been done before, but uever before, perhaps, at the time of his retirement in 1961) was kept in had there been a dictator with such an overall grasp boxes garnishing the walls, and although each was MEMORIALS 431 numbered serially by accession,he filed them alpha- from Bowen,he expressedkeen disappointment that betically, and as one's eye roved the walls it gained it containednot promisedspecimens, but merebutter the impression of a Pantheon-the names of the and cannedmeat! This must surelyrank as a unique great and half great in bold scrawl adorning the box- inversionof the Gospelplaint: "If the son ask for ends in strict rotation of the alphabet. But this bread,will the fathergive him a stone?" itself was a facade; many of the boxes had long Tilley at this time was a big man, physically ceasedto hold what they purported. I remember well splendid,huge of shoulder,and with great hands asking for the loan of a reprint by Burri, and, seeing curiously delicate when he came to handle the the Professor's great fist enveloping the file marked mineral aggregatesthat he loved. His far-awayblue "Osantl" said "No, sir, not Osann,-3rrri." The file eyeslooked through one and often gave no hint of continued to descend, and, as the other hand deftly the kind, simpleman which lay beneath.He recog- extracted two papers-the required reprint and an- nized that sound administrationwas necessaryto other, he replied "And here's a paper by Osann continuethe Departmenthe had created,and that which you ought to read." There was perhaps just administrationhe provided,although it is a reason- a twinkle of amused triumph in those faraway blue able suppositionthat he found the task an irksome eyes, for while Tilley perhaps could never under- diversionfrom the chase.Relaxation he soughtwith stand the slowness of many petrologists' thought his family; a familiar Cambridge figure cycling processes,he was well aware that his filing system sedatelyhome through the streetsin hat and rain- was far more efficient than many more sophisticated. coat, he regularly took afternoontea with Mrs. T. A glass-fronted bookcase occupied one wall of and daughterAnne, returning to the Departmentfor this room; the shelves of reprint-boxes reached to further work, a brief dinner in College,and then long the ceiling of two more sides.On a desk in the center hoursof applicationat his desk. he did his writing, and on the fourth wall, beneath In many waysTilley's published researches during the south facing windows, was his work bench. A the first two decadesof the Department represent clutter of rocks, thin-sections, cabinets, and reprints "moppingup" operations.In his wide readinghe en- gave a spurious air of disorder. The centerpiecewas counteredmany problems for which he could sense an old brass microscope manufactured by Messrs answers,or could seethe way to resolution.In this Swift. It was rumored to contain cobwebs, but if he made extensiveuse of the superb collectionof such were present it was not from disuse; the stage, rock sectionsoriginated by T. G. Bonney and con- worn irregular by the passageof countlessslides, had tinuedby Alfred Harker afterwhom it is now named; been replaced at least once. "It's not the microscope, at this stagethe Harker Collectionwas growing at it's the man," he would say, and it was not until with the rate of somethousand slides a year, largely from failing eyesight in his latter years that he welcomed the fieldwork of Tilley himself.So he wrote on the a superior instrument. The secret of his extraordi- phaserelations of kyanite-amphibolites,two-amphi- nary facility with the microscope lay in patient appli- bole parageneses,Bulysites, and on cordierite-antho- cation; he always acknowledged the necessity of phylliterocks. A studyin whichhe first demonstrated "getting one's eye in" for a rock-type, and for him the mylonitic characterof the St. Paul'sRocks was this involved thorough determination of optic orien- carried out on the material collected during the tation, frequent extraction of minerals from un- "Beagle" expeditionand bequeathedby Darwin to covered thin-sections and their R.I. determination. Cambridge University. His abiding interest during and isolation in acid. When one reads that the theseyears was, however, in the pyrometamorphism sillimanite recorded by Williams from the Kimberley of calcareousrocks and in calcareouscontamination eclogites is not sillimanite but kyanite, one has no of magmas,a subject leading inevitably into the hint of the tedious isolation with HF of minute fibers broaderfield of alkali-rockgenesis. which this determination involved. But he was a man With the passingof the yearsand the increasein who derived great aesthetic pleasure from thin sec- pressureof work, Tilley's admirably elegantearly tions; he loved the beauty of rocks as much as he style of writing becamecornpacted, almost terse; his was fascinated by their meaning. So he sat for hours later paperswere seldomlong, being precis of his into the night, cigarette in mouth, with a towel over own rapid thoughtprocesses. He assumedthe reader his left shoulder to wipe the dust and ash from his to haveknowledge of the literatureequal to his own, slides. His preoccupation with rocks was such that and also that argumentstrivial to him werc equally when, during the austere war years, a parcel arrived trivial to others.Thus cornerswere cut to produce 432 MEMORIALS publicationsof almost Latin compactness.Works sist the feeling that in this master-strokehe was difficult enough,if taken step by step, becamein springing de nouo from a field of metamorphic Tilley's shorthanddocuments of obscurityto the less studies;but Tilley had neverbeen a narrowspecialist, intelligentor well-informed.As with his writing was and his early continuinginterest in basaltis testified his lecturing-but what a joy it was to hear him on by one of his earliestpapers-one on a basaltfrom his latestenthusiasm! Then with his blue eyessearch- KangarooIsland, in which, recordingthe existence ing a horizonfar beyondthe narrow confinesof the of an "enstatite augite of uniaxial character" he room and his spirit seeminglydisembodied from his must have been one of the first petrologiststo use massiveframe, the ideas would eagerlyemerge in the term "tholeiite" in its modeln context,Nonethe- thoseunforgettable softly-booming tones. less"Some Aspects" came as revelationto a petro- By the end of the 1940'sTilley, an acknowledged logical world conditionedfor a decadeto the dif- leaderof his profession,had amasseda considerable fusenessof the granitization"debate." In this debate record of service to professionalsocieties. From itself he had taken no formal part, but there can be L924 he had servedthe MineralogicalSociety of no doubt of wherehis sympathieslay. An extended Great Britain as councillor,Vice-President, and as field excursionto the Pyreneesin 1951 had provided ManagingTrustee; election as Presidenthad comein abundantmaterial for a study of the enclavesof the 1948. He had served at regular intervals on the Querigutgranite. Although this reachedmanuscript Council of the GeologicalSociety of London, to the stage,it was neverpublished. Working, however,in presidencyof which he waselected in 1949.Election the parallelfield of alkalinerocks, he attemptedto as Fellow of the prestigiousRoyal Societyof London differentiatebetween similar rocks of igneousol of had come in 1938; two terms on its Councilhad metamorphicorigin, and showedby studyingnephe- introducedhim to the higherechelons of the British line-orthoclasetielines how at least somehigh-tem- scientificworld and had ensuredhis electionin 1949 peratureigneous types could be separatedfrom lower as Vice-President.Thus it was that in 1950 Tilley temperature,metamorphic parageneses. His fasci- found himself presidingregularly over the general nation at this time with nephelinewas legendary, and and council meetingsof three London Societies, the story is told of how one eveningin a Pyrenean with the necessityof making intelligentcontribution Inn as the wine flowed and the songsbecame more to many topicsfar from his own particularinterest. boisterous,his greatvoice could be heard abovethe In this he certainlysucceeded, although we may sym- din: "Well now, R,--: What aboutthese nephe- pathizewith speakerssuch as the palaeontologist lines?" who, after readinga paperon the stratigraphicalsig- With his Departmentrunning smoothly and effi- nificanceof a certainfossil tooth, was askedby the ciently, Tilley began a closer involvementin the Presidentwhether his tooth consistedof fluorapatite more generaladministration of the University,serv- or of hydroxyapatite! ing on the General Board of the Faculties (the The dutiesof his Presidencies.as all othershe un- effectiveruling committeeof CambridgeUnivenity) dertook,he regardedseriously, and thereis no doubt and as Chairmanof the Board of ResearchStudies. that at this time he had undertakentoo much. The His CambridgeCollege, Emmanuel, had electedhim preparationof a fitting addressto the Geological a Fellow in 1931 and now in 1952 appointedhim Societyworried him greatly,and seemsto havebeen Vice-Master.Tilley seemsto have enjoyedthe ex- the final factor in the nervousbreakdown which he erciseof the power which thesepositions afforded thensuffered. A brief convalescence,spent character- him, and he developeda reputationas a formidable istically in fieldwork in the Haliburton-Bancroft enforcer of soundnessand common-sense.A man alkalinegneisses, soon restoredhis health, and the with no hobbiesother than his work, he was inter- significanceof his addresswas never in doubt. estedin politics and the "art of the possible,"and "Some Aspects of Magmatic Evolution" sum- his committee-workcertainly gave him abundant marizedin masterlyfashion what was then known opportunityto observethe manifold aspectsof the of basaltchemistry and distributionand, in its rea- interactionof humanbeings. soned prediction of tholeiitic compositionsas the In 1955 Tilley spent a year in a global circum- likely candidatesfor a primitive magma, set the navigation,visiting his old friends and studentsin scenefor the further advanceswhich followed closely. the United States, New Zealand, Australia, and In looking at Tilley's bibliography,it is hard to re- India. Our Societyhad honoredhim with the award MEMORIALS +JJ of the RoeblingMedal, an honor receivedwith his During these years of "retirement" Tilley had characteristicself-effacing modesty, and the Geo- kept his connectionswith the scientificsocieties and physicalLaboratory had appointedhim a Research took particularinterest in the infant I.M.A. During Associate.Thus startedthe pattern of yearly visits his secondterm as Presidentof the British Min- to America which he was to maintain for 12 years eralogicalSociety (1957-60) he had been the and which, in bringinghim once more into intimate British delegateto the founding meetingin Madrid contactwith experimentalpetrology, was to stimu- (1958); he servedas Chairmanof the Program latethe last greatflowering of his genius. Committeefor the New Delhi meetingin December Tilley's final serviceto the Departmenthe had 1964, at the end of which he becamedoyen of the createdand nourishedcame when he, with several Mineralogicalworld as I.M.A. President.The aban- membersof his staff, recognizedthe significanceof donmentof the 1968 meeting,however, meant that the experimentson "X-ray Microanalysis"then being he presidedover only two sessionsof the I.M.A., at undertakenin Franceand in the CavendishLabora- his own Departmentin Cambridge(1966) and in tory. Although to his death he retained a slight Tokyo-Kyoto(1970). suspicion of the electron-probe,much preferring Shortlybefore the Tokyo meetinghe had suffered analyseswhose derivation he thoroughlyunderstood, a mild thrombosis;such attackswere to occur more yet it was his farsightedprovision of a grant and a frequentlyin the last threeyears of his life, and were position which initiated the researchlaboratory of to terminateit. He beganto walk with a stick, but J. V. P. Long which now flourishesin Cambridge. still rode his bicycle, seeminglythe same massive Retirementcame in 1961. For him it must have figure,with unhurried purposethrough the increas- been a terrible break; but at the retirementdinner ingly congestedstreets of Cambridge.He confessed, he madehis farewellspeech warning his staff of the half-humorously,half-wryly to "slowing down," al- dangers of the future, and then cut himself ofi though he was still working with the energy of a completelyfrom Departmentalaffairs. But in many man ten yearshis junior. He attendedthe dinnersof waysthe divorcefrom his creationcannot have been his College, and was agreeablysurprised at his too unwelcorne:he was now free to work unfettered lionizationby the youngerfellows, and the evident on the researchthat he loved, and he was freed from enjoymentthey took in his reminiscencesof life in his perfectionistanxieties. He retained a room in the Cambridgeof J. J. Thomsonand ErnestRuther- the Departmentbut cameunobtrusively, even hum- ford. On Friday, 19 January 1973 a dinner was bly, not wishing to disturb or be disturbed by the held by Cambridgegeologists to mark the centenary undergraduatetumult about him. But retaining his of the death of Adam Sedgwick.Tilley was an in- Fellowship of Emmanuel College, he preservedhis vited guest; at the last moment he felt weary and links with the University, and soon was known to his would not come.He died on the followingWednes- former staff as the genial and entertaininghost day,gently, at his fireside. familiarto his friendsin the UnitedStates. With his long list of publicationsan enduring For the next five years, however,the focus of his testimonyof his industryand intellect,Tilley's place researchinterest was the GeophysicalLaboratory, in scientifichistory is secureand will remain after and the long seriesof collaborativepapers and re- the glory of the tangiblesymbols of contemporary ports on basalt character and genesistestify to the recognition-the RoeblingMedal (1.954), the Wol- stimulationhe both receivedand gaveduring those laston Medal of the GeologicalSociety of London winter sojourns in Washington.It was no small (1960), the of the Royal Society satisfactionto him to be able to ride with so many (1967), and the numerousHonorary Degreesand of his old friendsand students,so closeto the head Foreign Membershipsof ScientificSocieties-have of the chasewhich in so many ways he had started. faded. More significantperhaps is the heritagehe' But age was beginningto tell; each year he re- leavesin the changedstyle of our Science.To his turnedto Washingtonmore stooped,more shrunken. tenacityand brilliant exponence,the final translation ln 1967he cameto the GeophysiialLaboratory for of the old GeophysicalLaboratory doctrine into the last time, but on decidingnot to leave Britain universallyaccepted terms must in great measure again, he immediatelycommenced an association be due. To him as much as to any other man must with the Laboratoryin Manchesterof his old pupil be attributedthe eventualreadiness of Petrologyto W. S.Mackenzie. which lasted till hisdeath. meet the challengeof the New Geology. 434 MEAIORIALS

Publications of C. E. Tilley

1919 L925 The occurrence and origin of certaj.n quartz- A prelirninary survey of meEamorphic zones tourmaline nodules in the granite of C. in the Southern HlghJ-ands of . Wllloughby. ?rans, Rog, Soe, S, Aust. 43, GeoL. Soc. 8f, 100-112, 156-155. Contact metamorphic assemblages in the The peErology of the graniti.c mass of C, syslem CaO-MgO-A1203-S102.GeoL. Mag. Willoughby, Kangaroo Island. ?rans. 62, 363-357 . Roy. Soc. S, Aust, 43, 3L6-341-. Petrographlcal notes on some chloritoid Electrlcal precipitatlon of suspended rocks. GeoL. Mag. 62, 309-3L9. particles. Chen, Eng. .Reu, (Melbourne), II, 575-576. 1926 Some rnineralogical transformations in A publication for Geological Abstracts. crystalline schists. Mineral, 2L, Econ. GeoL. 14. Mag, 34-46. L920 On garnet in peliEic contact zones. Minez'aL. The metamorphism of the Precambrian dolonites Mag, 21,, 47-50, of Southern Eyre Peninsula, S. Australia, Pts, I. and IL GeoL, Ma7. 57, 449-462, r927 492-500, Vesuvianite and as products of regional metamorphism. GeoL. Mag. 64, L92I 372-37.6. A tholeiitic basalt from Eastern Kangaroo Island. Trans. RoA, Soc. S, Austz'. 45, L928 276-27 7 . A nonlicellite-nepheline basalt from TasmanLa - a correction to nineral data. GeoL, I4ag. 65, Precambrian pa.ra-gneisses of Southern Eyre 29-30. Peninsula, South Ausfralia, Pts. I. and IT. GeoL, Mag. 58, 251-259, 305-312. 0n a cusierite-bearing contac! rock fron California. Geol, Mag. 65, 37L-372. The graphite rocks of Sleaford Bay, . Econ. GeoL. l-6, 184-198. GeologieaL Problens of Antaz,ctica. Aney,, Geogt,. Soe, Spec, Pub, No. 7, 315, The granite-gneisses of Southern Eyre with R.E. Priestlev. Peninsula and their associated amphibolites. GeoL. Soe. 77, 75-134, I929 1922 On as a product of interaction of limestone and basaltlc llquid, GeoL. Mag. DensiEy, refractivity, and comoosition 66,347-353. relations of some natural glasses, MineraL. Mag. 19, 275-294. On (calciurn orthosllicate, a nerrrnineral) and i!s associated minerals fron the limestone 7923 contacE zone of Scawt Hil-1, Co. Antrisl. The petrology of the metamorphosed rocks of Minev,al, Mag. 22, 77-86, lhe Start area, GeoL. Soc. 79, L7L-2O4. 1930 The metamorphic limestones of Comnonwealth Scawtite, a ne$r nineral from Scawt H11L, Co. Bay, Adelie Land, Antarctica. Aust. Antrim. Mineral, Mag. 22, 222-224. Antay,ctic Etpedition Rep. 3, P, 3, 23L- 244. An association of afwillite hrith spurrlte. GeoL, Mag, 67, 168-169. Paragenesis of the minerals of the lhree- component system Mg0-A1203-SiO2 in Petrographical notes on rocks frorn Elephant rhernal meramorphism. GeoL. Mag. 60, 1Ol-107. Island, South SheElands. Rep. 'Questl Erpe&Ltion 1921-22. Cap. IY, L-8, Genesis of rhornbic pyroxene in thernal metamorphlsrn. GeoL. Mag. 60, 410-418. Hornfels from Kenidjack, Cornwall. Suntn. Prog. GeoL. Suy,ts.Pt. II, 24-39, with Sir John F1etr. 1924 Metanorphisro ln relation to structure ln the Contact metamorphisrn Ln the Comrle area of the Scottish Hlghlands. Irans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, Perthshire Highlands, GeoL. Soc. 80, 2L-7r. 56, Pt, III, 627, wirh G.L. Elles. The facies classification of metamorphic rocks. GeoL, Mag, 6I, 167-l7L MEMORIAI.S 435

1931 1938 The dolerite-chalk contact of Scawt. Hil1, Co. Cumtringtonite-bearing rocks from the Lew-isian. Antrin. The productlon of basic alkalL rocks GeoLl,!ag. 75,76-81 . by Ehe asslmllation of limestone by basaltic Alurninorrs pyroxenes in metamorphosed limestones. magma. MineraL, Mag. 22, 439-468. GeoL. Mag, 75, 81-86.

L932 On sca\^rtlte pseudonorphs after ' Scawt On the proposed rdoctoringr of the Norm. Hil1, Co. Antrim. Minexal. Mag.25,38-40. MineraL. Petrogr, Mitt. 43, 67-68. The status of hornblende ln low grade metamgrphic zones of green schists. GeoL, Mag. 75, 497- 1933 The ternary syslem Na2SiO3-Na2Si2O5-NaAlSiO4. Mi-nez,al. Petz'ogr. MLtt. 43, 406-42L. The identity of molengraaffite h'ith lanprophyllite. Trans. GeoL. Soe. S. AfrLca, 41, 109-111. Portlandit.e, a new mineral fron , co. Antrin. MLneraL. Mag. 23, 4L9-42O, 1939 Kyanite-gedrite parageneses. GeoL. Mag. 76t L934 326-330, Progressive metasomatism in the flint nodules of the Scawt Hill contact zone, Minez,al. 1940 Mag. 23, 513-518, with A.R. Alderrnan. A group of gneisses (sil]-irnanitic and cordieritic) from fhe moraines aE CaPe Denison, AntarctLca. Hydrocalurnite (4CaO.A12O3.L2H2O),a nerr Aust, Antav'ctic Erpe&Ltion 1911-1914 Sci' Rep. mlneral from Scawt Hill, Co. Antrin' Ser. A, 4, 339-344. Minez.al. Mag. 23, 607-6L5, with H.D. Megaw and M.H. Hey. A report on the rock specinens of MacRobertson Land and Kemp Land. Discouery Rep. 19, 1935 180-183. role of kyanite in the rhornfels zone' of The On fluoborlte from Selibin, l"laLaya. GeoL, Mag. the Carn Chulnneag granite (Rossshire). 77 , 74L-L44, h'-ith R.W. Johnston. MtneraL. Mag. 24, 92-97. Metasomatism associated rrith the gteenstone- 1942 hornfelses of Kenldjack and Botallack, Tricalcium disilicate (rankinite) ' a nelt mlneral Cornwall, MineraL. Mag. 24, I8L-202. fron Scawt H111, Co. Antrim' Mineral. Mag. 26, 190-196. Report on rocks fron the Souch Orkney Islands. Discouery Rep. I0, 383-390. 1944 A note on the gneisses of Run. GeoL, Mag. 8L, 1936 729-L3L, Eulysites and related rock t.ypes frorn Loch L946 Duich, Rossshire. Mineral. Mag. 24, Bustanlte from Treburland manganese mine, Cornwall, 33r-342. and its paragenesls. Mineral, Mag. 27, 236-24I. Enderbite, a new member of the charnocklte t947 series. GeoL. Mag, 73, 312-3L6. The duniEe-mylonices of St. Paulrs Rocks (Atlantic). An, J. Sei, 245, 483-491. The paragenesls of kyanlte eclogites. Minez"aL. Mag. 24, 422-432. 1948 The gabbro-limestone contact zone of Camas Mor, LY 5I Muck, Inverness-shire. C. R. Soc. GeoL. Pyro)snangite from Inverness-shire, Scotland. FinLande, 20, 97-Lo5, An. Mineral, 22, 720-727. The occurrence of an orEhorhornbic high-tenperaEure Anthophylllte cordierite granulites of the form of Ca2sio4 (bredlgite) in the Scawt Hill L|zatd. GeoL. Mag. 74, 3O0-3O9. contact-zone and as a constituenE of slags. MLneraL. Mag' 28, 255-27I' wlth H.C.G. Vincent. The paragenesis of kyanite-arnphibolites. MLneraL. Mag. 24, 555-558. Cuspldine frorn doloruite contact skarns, Broadford, Skye. Minenal. MaA, 28, 90-95. WollastoniEe solld solutions from Scawt Hil1, co. Antrim. Mineral, Mag. 24, 569-572. Earlier stages in the metamorPhism of siliceous dolomites. Mineral. Mag. 28' 272-276. Rocks from Enderby Land, AnEarctl,ca. B.A.N.Z.R.F, Rep. 2, Pt. 1, 1-16. 0n iron-rollastonites in contacE skarns: an example fron Skye. Am. M")neral' 33, 736-138. 436 MEMORIALS

1948, continued, 1 958 Dolomlte conEacE skarns of the Broadford The leucLte nepheline dolerite of Meiches, area, Skye - a prelLrninary note. Vogelsberg, Hessen. An. Mineral. 43, C,eoL. Mag. 85, 213-216. 7 58-76L . Probleos of alkali rock genesis (WlIlian L949 Srnith Lecture). Q. J, GeoL, Soe. LL3, An a1kall facies of granite at granite- ?r 1- lAn dolornite contacts in Skye. GeoL. Mag. 86, 81-93. Some new chernLcal data on assemblages of the Assynt alkali suite. Tz,ans. Edinbungh SoBe aspects of magmatLc evolution. Pz,es. GeoL. Soc, 17, !56-164, Add, GeoL. Soc. !O6, 37-6I. The conposition of co-existing pyroxenes 1n 1951 metamorphic assemblages. GeoL. Mag. 95, A note on the progressive metanorphlsm of 403-408, $rith I.D. Muir. sLliceous LlnesLones and dolomites. GeoL, Mag. 87, L75-L78. L959 A note on the nosean phonolite of the Wolf The zoned conEact-skarns of the Broadford area, Rock, Cornwa1l, GeoL. Mag. 96, 503-504. Skye: a study of boron-fluorlne metamasonatls[ in dolonites, Minez,al, Mag. 29, 62I-666. 1960 KLlauea Magma1959-60. GeoL. Mag. 1952 97, 494-497 . Nephellne parageneses. Siz, Douglas Ma,tson Anniuersazg 1)oLwne, University of DifferenElation of Hawaiian basalts; some Adelaide, !67-I77. variants in lava suites of dated Kilauean eruptions. J. Petrol. l,47-55. Sone trends of basaltlc magma in limesEone syntexis. An. J, Sei. Bouen VoL,, 196l 529-545. Igneous nephellne-bearing rocks of the Haliburlon-Bancroft province of Ontario. 1953 J. PetroL. 2, 38-48, wlth J. cittins. The grennaite of Norra KErr. CeoL. fdren, StockhoLn FBrh. 75, 32L-326. Differentiation of Hawai.lan basalts: Trends of Mauna Loa and Kllauea hist.oric The nephellnite of Etinde, Camerooos, West rnagna. Am. J. Set,259,50-68, with Africa. GeoL. Mag. 90, 145-151. J.H. Scoon. Latlutrite (sulphatic potassium calcium Mugearites and their place in a1ka1i igneous alunLniurn silicate) a new nineral fron Albano, rock series. J. GeoL. 69, 186-203, wlth Italy. MineraL. Mag, 30, 39-45, wirh N.F.M. I.D. Muir. Henry. Contributions to the memoir "Nepheline 1954 Syenlte Deposits of Southern Ontarior' (by Nepheline-alkall feldspar paragen€.ses. D.F. Ilewitt). )ntaz*io Dep, Mines 69, An. J. Sei, 252, 65-75. PE. 8,1950 (1951) 58-63,726-128, L30, L38-L42 - rv)) Hawallan Vol-canoes. Abbott Memortal Lecture. ConEribuLion to discussion on the origin of Unlverslty of Nottingharn, 20 pp. the Earth. Pnoe. GeoL. Soc. London, No.1521,48-49. r960 Some nevr chemical data 1956 on the alkall rocks of the Vredefort Mountain Land, South Afrlca. Nephellne assoclations. Vez,h. Kon. Ned. Tv'ans. GeoL. Soc. S, Afz'Lca, 65-70, GeoL. Mijn. Gen., G"owner VoL., 16, 1-11. I 961 1957 The occurrence of hypersthene in Hawaiian Contrlbutlons to Ehe petrology of llawailan basalts. GeoL. Mag, 98, 257-260. basalts: I. The picrlte basalts of Kilauea. hn. J. Sci. 255, 24L-253, with I.D. Mulr. The nephellne rocks of the Port l{erald Ht11g, Southern Nyasaland, )uerseas GeoL. Mirtez,al. ParagenesLs of anthophyllite and hornblende Resou!'. 8, 255-259. frora the BancrofE area, OnLario. An. Minez'al. 42, 472-4L6. 1962 A note on the pitchstones of Arran. GeoL. Mag, The Hebridean Plateau magma type. Tpdns. 94,329-333. Edinhurgh GeoL. Soe. 19, 208-215, wtth I.D. Mulr. On the replacement of anorthosite by hydrogrossuJ"ar in the Transvaal. Tratts, GeoL. Soc. S, Aft"iea 60, 15-17. MEMORIALS 1) I

1962, conEinued. Published Ln Ehe Annual Report of the Director Origin of basalc magnas: An experimental of the Geopttyeteal Lobonatory, Cazmegie Institute' study of nat.ural and synEhetic rock Washington, Ieap Books. systems. J. Petnol. 3, 342-532, 1956 PrLmitive magnras,1955, 168-171' wlth H.S. I 963 Yoder, Jr. ConErl-butions to the petrology of l{awailan basalrs, rr. The tholelitlc basalts of L957 Manna Loa and Kilauea, An. J. Sci. 25, Basalt magmas. 1956, 56-161, wlth H.S' Yoder, Jr. 11I-128, r4'ith I.D. Muir. L959 L964 Eclogites. 1958, 89-94, with H.S. Yoder, Jr. Iron enrichmenE and pyroxene fractlonatlon in Eholeiites. GeoL. J.4, PE. I, L43-L56., 1961 with LD. Muir. Sinpl"e basalc systens. 1960, 106-113, Intermediate members of the oceanLc basalt- r^rlth H.S. Yoder, Jr. trachyte association. GeoL. Eov,en. Forhand. 85, 434-443, with I.D. Muir. 1963 Melting relations of basalrs. !962' 77-84' Basalts frorn the northern part of Ehe Rift wlth H.S. Yoder, Jr., and J.F. Schalrer. Zone of the l"lid-Atlantic Ridge. J. Petr.ol. 5, 409-434. Pyroxenes and associated nLnerals in the crust and Dantle: Pyroxene Quadrllateral. 7966 L962, 84-95, wlth H,S, Yoder, Jr. and A note on the dunite (perldotlle) mylonites J.F. Schalrer. of St. Paulrs Rocks (Atlantic). GeoL, Mag. LO3, L?O-L2J. 1964 New relations on melting of basalts. 1953' BasalEs from the Northern Part of the Mid- 92-97, \tit}:. H.S. Yoder, Jr. and J.F. Schairer. Atlantic Rldge. II. The AElantls CollectLons near 30oN. J. PetroL, 7, Pyroxene fractlonatlon ln nafic Eagna at hlgh I93-2OL, wlth I.D. Muir. pressures and lts bearing on basalt genesls. L963, LL4-L21, wlth H.S. Yoder' Jr. L967 The porphyroclast minerals of the perldoEite-mylonites of St. Paulrs Rocks (Atlantic). GeoL, Mag. 1-O4, BIOGRAPIIICAI MEMOIRS 46-48, wlEh J.V.P. Long. 1940 Tholeiite and tholelltic series. GeoL. Mag, Alfred Harker (1859-1939) . )bit. Notices, I04, 337-343, with I.D, Muir, Roy. Soc. London, 8, L97-2L6, wlth A.C. Seward. 7969 t94L Melting and crystalllsation relatlons of Waldemar Christopher Brdgger (1851-1940). Kilauean Basalts of Hawaii. The lavas )bit. Notices, Roy.Soc, London, 10, 1-15. of the L959-6O KLlauea erupEion. Eav,th Planet. Sci, Lett. 5, 469-477, wi'th 1948 R.N. Thornpson. vicEor Morj-tz Goldschnldt (1888-1947). )bit. Notices, RoA, Seo. London' L7t 5L-66. r970 Melting and crystalLlzatlon relatlons of the t957 Snake River basalts of Southern Idaho, Norrnal LevL Bo$ren (1887-1956). Roy. Soe, USA. Eaz,th. Planet. Sai, Lett, 8, 79-92, London, 3, 7-22. wlth R.N. Thonpson. 1960 I97L Douglas Mawson (1882-1958). RoA. Soe. London, Meltlng relaEions of some lavas of Reunion 5, LL9-L27, with A.R. Aldernan. Island, Indlan Ocean. I4ineral. Mag, 38, lGmorial of Leonard James Spencer. An. Mineral, 344-352, wlth R.N, Thompson, I'I.J. WadsvtorEh' 45, 403-406. and B.G.J. Upton. 1961 L972 Leonard Janes Spencer. Roy. Soc. London, ?, Melting relations of some oceanlc basalts. 243-248. GeoL. J. 8, 59-64, with R.N.'Thonpson and P.A, Lovenbury, Meltlng relations of some ultra a1kali volcanics. GeoL, J. 8, 65-70, with R.N. Thompson.