The Sedgwick Museum of Sciences

Annual Report for the academic year 2008-2009

Darwin the Geologist – exhibition opened July 2009

SM Annual Rep 08-09 1

Contents

Section Page

General introduction 3 Director’s introduction 5 Improvements in access to collections & services 6 Collections care 11 Conservation Service 12 Learning in the Museum and the wider community 16 Strengthening links 21 Governance and museum management 23 Teaching and Research support 26 Research output 27 Appendix 34

SM Annual Rep 08-09 2 MISSION

To promote access to and stimulate learning through the collections in our care

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE SEDGWICK MUSEUM

The Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences is situated on Downing Street in the heart of Cambridge. It is the Museum of the University of Cambridge Department of Earth Sciences and houses a collection of 1.5 million rocks, minerals and fossils used by international researchers, as an opportunity for public display, for University research, training and teaching at a variety of levels. Opened in 1904, the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences has its origins in the early 18th century, and includes specimens donated by important figures such as and Mary Anning.

The Museum’s founder, John Woodward (1665 – 1728) was a Professor of Physic and a collector of rock, mineral, fossil and archaeological specimens from around the world. During his lifetime Woodward acquired and catalogued more than 9000 specimens, and developed a classification system that was published after his death. On his death in1728 he bequeathed two cabinets of specimens to the University of Cambridge, these were considered of such importance that the University bought two further cabinets of his collection the following year. In his Will, Woodward stipulated that his collection should be available "to all such curious and intelligent persons as shall desire a view of [it] for their information and instruction". Woodward’s collection formed the basis of Cambridge’s first geological museum the ‘Woodwardian Museum’.

Professor , (1785 – 1873) was the first to begin serious acquisition of specimens for the Museum. He had a passion for education and gave popular public lectures. Sedgwick was well acquainted with a number of collectors of the period, including Mary Anning, from whom he purchased several specimens, now on display in the gallery. Sedgwick persuaded the University to set aside space in the Cockerell Building for use as a museum for his collections, which opened in the early 1840’s. By the time Sedgwick died in the late 1800s, the collection had outgrown the Cockerell Building and it was decided a suitable memorial to Sedgwick would be a new Museum.

Professor Tom McKenny Hughes, (1832 – 1917) lobbied the University to erect a new museum, as a permanent memorial to Adam Sedgwick. He raised over £95,000 through public subscription towards its construction. The doors were opened for the first time on 1st March 1904, in a ceremony attended by King Edward VII.

The Museum building houses the main stratigraphic palaeontology, Earth structure and a mineral gallery. In recent years funding has enabled the original 1904 displays to be updated to include enhanced interpretation and

SM Annual Rep 08-09 3 new displays on earth processes and recently the lesser-known work of Charles Darwin as a geologist.

The collections of the Museum continue to grow as a direct result of research within its parent Department, donations from international researchers and the occasional donation of personal collections. As a Designated Regional Collections Centre for the Earth Sciences, the Sedgwick Museum has a responsibility for eight other university collections and absorbs parts of their collections from time to time.

Fossil shells in their original storage drawer in one of Dr Woodward’s cabinets

SM Annual Rep 08-09 4 Director’s introduction

The past year has seen the culmination of over four years of intense activity within the Sedgwick Museum. In July 2009, at the start of Cambridge’s Darwin Festival, the new permanent exhibition “Darwin the Geologist” was opened by the eminent Darwin biographer Professor Janet Browne of Harvard University. This exhibition has been a remarkable achievement whose effects have been felt right across the collections. One of the stores at the A.G. Brighton Building was fitted with mobile pallet- racking to accommodate collections displaced by the new Darwin exhibition. Documentation and research of the Charles Darwin “Beagle” Rock Collection led to the creation of three (globe, quiz & virtual microscope) digital interactive resources in the new exhibit. The interactive ‘dynamic globe’ documents Darwin’s epic voyage and the geological highlights he encountered, quoting directly from his diary records of the events. A significant number of the rocks collected by Charles Darwin are now on display for the first time ever. The exhibition interprets the rocks that Darwin collected, and explains the reasons for his interest in and the way his intellect developed during the voyage and afterwards. Geology always remained Darwin’s ‘first love’ and throughout his life he took time out to ‘talk geology’ at regular meetings with and, after Lyell’s death, with John Wesley Judd. The exhibit shows clearly that even if Darwin had never published “On the Origin of Species” he would still today be remembered for his remarkable scientific contributions to geology. Renovation of the exhibition spaces, upgrading of the storage areas, improvements in curation and digitized image additions (Heritage Lottery funded), as well as an active research programme into Darwin’s geological researches continue (Isaac Newton Trust funded). Access has also been considerably enhanced through HLF/Wolfson, Estates Management, and Designation Challenge Fund 5. Link all that with the enhancements to our educational resources and programme of activities as summarized below has made for a very demanding, and yet satisfying year of activity for all concerned. I feel we can justly look back on many jobs extremely well done. And this is not just me speaking. Recent reviews in Nature and the Museums Journal suggest that we have achieved something that is really appreciated by others.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 5

Improvements in access to collections & services

New platform lift in operation in the gallery (operator Sarah Finney, tester Cherry Booth)

1.1 Enhancements to facilities and resources in the Museum The Museum received a grant of £28,000 from the DCMS/Wolfson Fund in 2007. This funding was for improving access to the Museum and its collections. Improvements made during the academic year 2008-2009 included installation of a hearing loop to the Museum information point/shop, and two platform lifts to bridge the three levels of the Museum’s main galleries. Height-adjustable work-benches were installed to accommodate researchers in wheelchairs. Digital magnifiers were purchased for each of the museum’s three research rooms to aid visually-impaired researchers and visitors. Intercoms for contacting staff were installed to the Sedgwick Memorial Building and at the A.G. Brighton Building.

University of Cambridge: Estate Management & Building Services improved wheelchair access to the Sedgwick Memorial Building by replacing a portable ramp with a permanent stone and brickwork ramp.

1.2 Orientation and signage in the Museum DCMS/Wolfson funding enabled improvements to signage to be made, a new opening times sign was installed by the Museum’s main entrance. A new Downing Street sign is under construction and is due to be installed during 2010. New orientation signage was installed in the Museum’s entrance area in 2009 and was funded by a Designation Challenge Fund (DCF) Audience Development grant obtained in 2008. The Museum’s table-top gallery plan and information leaflets were updated to take account of the new Darwin exhibition and other improvements to the Museum. The new family-friendly leaflets were distributed to community centres

SM Annual Rep 08-09 6 through the Cambridge City Council distribution service. Large vinyl banners were printed for use in publicising the Museum at external events. A new series of promotional postcards was designed and printed using the commissioned images of prehistoric life that will appear on the interpretation panels to be installed in the Mahogany Wing.

1.3 Visitor care & training Customer care and service was improved from the start of the new financial year (August 1st 2009) by staffing the Museum shop/information point during weekdays (11:00-13:00 and 14:00-17:00).

1.4 Visitor numbers & audience development projects

Visitor numbers. The Museum received 71,323 visitors over the academic year 2008-2009 compared with 61,359 visitors for the previous year.

Audience Development. The Museum’s main efforts to raise visitor figures and broaden visitor profile focused on projects funded through a Designation Challenge Fund Audience Development grant. The following projects were aimed at widening audience access through targeted outreach work:

‘Collect’ A series of workshops with elders were run in February 2009 at the Cherry Trees Age Concern Day Centre by multi-media artist Catherine Watling and Museum Collections Assistant Matt Riley. Fossils from the Museum’s handling collections were used to stimulate dialogue among the participants about collecting. The participants went on to bring in and share their own collections and the stories behind them and discuss what motivates people to collect. (see 1.7 below)

‘Sedgwick Story Time’ Story teller and early-years specialist Marion Leeper extended the reach of a Renaissance–funded outreach project by devising and delivering interactive and hands-on story sessions specifically for under 5-s and their families during the half term holiday in February 2009. The sessions used the children’s books “Boy” by James Mayhew and “Hot, Hot, Hot” by Neal Layton as well as handling activities, props and games developed from the stories in association with staff and children from two Cambridge Nursery Schools- Homerton Early-Years Centre and Brunswick Nursery. The materials, story books and teachers notes were developed into two early-years Loan Boxes by freelancer Gilly Vose. These are now available for loan to use in Nursery Schools for creative earth-science based cross-curricular learning. The loan box project was funded through Community Learning and Outreach funding from Renaissance East of England. The loan boxes were launched at an INSET meeting for early years teachers, trainee teachers and museum educators in January 2009, during which qualitative evaluation data were collected by two student assistants. A small exhibition ‘Ice Age’ was also installed that showed and interpreted objects relevant to the stories.

‘Darwin Stories’ Freelance Museum education facilitator Gilly Vose worked with two local schools (Brunswick Nursery and Milton Road Primary) to further build on the Museum’s provision for, and understanding of, early years learning. The project was themed around journeys and discovery in the context of Charles Darwin’s work and geological discoveries. In a cross-curricular project majority-funded by the Heritage

SM Annual Rep 08-09 7 Lottery Fund, she worked with the schools, with the storyteller Marion Leeper and textile artists Jenny Langley and Ricki Outis to develop an outreach programme of storytelling and craft-based workshop sessions, plus a visit to the Museum, that would bring the schools, particularly the children, together to learn (the nursery is a feeder school to the primary school). The project was driven by the commission of a story mat from Jenny Langley, funded by the Heritage Lottery Fund, which was to evoke landscapes, geological formations and places that Darwin visited during the five year voyage of the Beagle, as well as incorporating handling specimens. This formed the basis for the storytelling and further textile work carried out by the children, and will be used for ongoing formal and informal learning activities at the museum and for outreach. This project built on previous work with both of these schools to help develop working partnerships with teachers, and contact with families. Working with year 5 and 6 children at Milton Road in particular has sustained regular contact with the cohort as they have been involved with other stages of a wider Darwin project with the Museum, as well as visiting in year 3 as part of the school’s regular visits schedule. Additional visits are expected from these children and their families as the project continues.

1.5 Museum evaluation The Museum’s DCF Audience Development grant enabled evaluation of Museum displays and resources to be carried out and provided valuable training for Museum staff. Harriet Foster (Evaluation Officer for Renaissance East of England) met with museum staff to plan evaluation training for the new ‘Darwin the Geologist’ exhibition and delivered a training day specifically tailored to the Museum’s needs. Using the methods considered to be appropriate and the structured questions that resulted from this training, Kate Pontin (Freelance Evaluator) was employed to plan formative evaluation focus groups with Museum staff. Kate led adult, family and teacher focus groups to evaluate draft panels and interactive content for the exhibition. Additionally, draft material intended for a set of new interpretive panels for the Museum’s Mahogany Wing were evaluated at the same time. A further two focus groups were run by museum staff with Easton Further Education College Norwich, and Cambridge undergraduate students on a history of collecting course. The prototype interactive content for ‘Darwin the Geologist’ developed by specialist programmer Carl Hogsden was also evaluated. Following the opening of the ‘Darwin the Geologist’ exhibition in July 2009, Museum staff developed a programme of summative evaluation with Kate Pontin. The methods used were gallery comment cards and four days of structured interviews in the gallery with visitors to the exhibition. Four areas for improvement to the exhibition were identified and addressed by the Museum. Further staff training in evaluation methods was provided through staff participation in the planning and delivery of the summative evaluation programme. The family learning provision in the exhibition was improved by responding to feedback from the evaluation.

1.6 Museum website statistics and new developments The Museum received 46,116 visits over 2008-2009 with visitors viewing 143,000 pages. Visitors were most interested in the work of the museum (44%) it’s exhibits and research (28%), education resources (17%) and Museum events (11%).

A new Flash interactive, Tools of the Trade, was created for the exhibition ‘Charles Darwin - Becoming a Geologist’. It was designed to be accessed via a touch-screen in the Museum and also through the Museum’s website. It enables visitors to

SM Annual Rep 08-09 8 understand the tools that Darwin used to map the locations he visited and to analyse and identify the geological specimens he collected.

The Museum is developing a website to complement the ‘Darwin the Geologist’ exhibition. The website will include images and information about the rocks, minerals and fossils that Charles Darwin collected during the 5 year voyage of HMS Beagle. Almost 2000 specimens will be accessible through an interactive map of the voyage and through a more traditional search interface. The interactive map also includes some of Darwin’s observations on each of the sites visited. The website will also include information on Darwin’s geological theories and a section containing resources for teachers.

1.7 Exhibitions, displays and improvements to interpretation

‘Darwin becoming a geologist’ A Designation Challenge Fund: Opening up Collections grant funded the temporary exhibition ‘Darwin Becoming a Geologist’ that was opened in 2008. The exhibition focused on Darwin’s formative years before he embarked on the 5 years voyage of HMS Beagle. This joint initiative created two complementary Darwin- related exhibition with the University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge.

‘Darwin the Geologist’ A larger permanent Darwin-related display ‘Darwin the Geologist’ supported by the Heritage Lottery Fund, opened in July 2009. This display also incorporated the temporary DCF funded exhibition. Darwin the Geologist tells the story of the rocks that Darwin collected on the voyage of HMS Beagle (1831-1836). It begins with Darwin's schoolboy passion for collecting and identifying stones and the exciting geological debates he was exposed to while studying medicine in Edinburgh. When Darwin abandoned his medical studies, he came to study in Cambridge to prepare for the Anglican Clergy. Darwin was inspired to learn about natural philosophy by the Professor of Botany John Stevens Henslow (1796-1861), who arranged geological fieldwork training with Adam Sedgwick in North Wales and recommended him as a scientific companion to Captain Fitzroy on the Beagle voyage. The exhibition shows how Darwin collected, recorded, analysed and interpreted his geological specimens on the voyage. It takes the visitor on a journey through the geological ideas that Darwin developed from the first stop at the Cape Verde Islands through to his studies of the coral reefs at Tahiti, Cocos-Keeling and Mauritius towards the end of the voyage. A globe projection interactive explains where and how Darwin collected his rock samples during the voyage. A reconstruction of Darwin's cabin on HMS Beagle includes the actual rock specimens that he collected on one day at Wollaston Island, southern Chile, and the notebooks and scientific instruments that he used to record and analyse them. On display are Darwin's geological field notebook, pistol and hand lenses on loan from Down House (English Heritage). A microscope, goniometer and compass-clinometer similar to those that Darwin would have taken on the voyage; on loan from the Whipple Museum of the History of Science, University of Cambridge. Reconstructions of the desks of Robert Brown (1838), (1905) and Sally Gibson (2007) show how other researchers have used Darwin's collection to advance scientific knowledge. A virtual petrological microscope interactive display’s some of the thin sections that have been cut from Beagle collection rocks. The virtual microscope was developed in partnership with the . The exhibition concludes with the influence that Darwin’s geological work has on that of contemporary geologists investigating evolution, volcanoes, coral reefs and the movement of the Earth's crust.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 9 A variety of family learning events associated with the ‘Darwin the Geologist’ project and the University of Cambridge 800th anniversary celebrations were held.

New interpretative panels The Museum has been working with ‘palaeo-artist’ Bob Nicholls and designers CDA (Conibear Design Associates) to create new interpretative panels for the Mahogany Wing Gallery of the Museum. The project is a response to evaluation of earlier improvements to the gallery that highlighted a public demand for improvements in interpretation of the displays. The interpretative panels will use artwork showing reconstructed prehistoric animals and landscapes to explain some of the Museum’s key objects and collections. Palaeogeographic maps and global sea level curves will show how the arrangements of the continents and sea level have changed over time. The panels will be installed autumn 2010. Evaluation of the Mahogany Wing Gallery was part of a project funded through the Designation Challenge Fund.

‘Collect’ A series of workshops with elders were run in February 2009 at the Cherry Trees Age Concern Day Centre by multi-media artist Catherine Watling and Museum Collections Assistant Matt Riley (see 1.4 above). They produced a temporary exhibition based on the participants’ collections and workshop discussions. The exhibition was installed in the Museum in March 2009 and it will be on display until the end of 2010.

‘Ice Age’ A small exhibition of Ice Age animal fossils has been installed in the Museum’s education resources area to complement the MLA Renaissance funded ‘Sedgwick Story Time’ story sessions and loan box based on Neal Layton’s book “Hot, Hot, Hot”. The display includes fossils of some typical British Ice Age animals such as woolly mammoth, cave bear and woolly rhino as well as flint tools.

1.8 Identification service for the public Museum staff dealt with 315 on-the-spot identifications of geological objects brought into the Museum by the general public.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 10 Collections care

HLF funded mobile racking at the A.G. Brighton Building (installed 2009) Sarah Finney and Dan Pemberton looking suitably exhausted (Dan is on the right!)

2.2 Documentation backlog Collections staff documented or enhanced documentation for 15,407 objects during the academic year 2008-2009 compared to 11,500 objects during the academic year 2007- 2008. The steady increase in number of items documented is largely due to the employment of a Documentation Assistant through the MLA Renaissance HUB funded Sedgwick Museum Development Project. Additional support was given by a one-month student placement funded by the ‘ of the Sedgwick Museum’ and a YMCA graduate work placement student.

2.3 Cleaning and improvements to storage Major improvements to storage were made through the installation of 9 mobile pallet racks to one of the Museum’s palaeontology stores at the A.G. Brighton Building in West Cambridge. This was funded by HLF as part of the Museum’s ‘Darwin the Geologist’ project. Lighting was also improved and ramps and a false floor installed to improve access for object lifting and handling equipment. Museum volunteers working under the Conservator and Collections Assistant for Mineralogy & Petrology cleaned and improved storage for approximately 120 drawers of specimens. Museum volunteers completed a 2 year project to make archival quality enclosures for all of Adam Sedgwick’s field notebooks, maps and specimen catalogues.

2.4 Security, pest control and disaster planning The pest control measures at the A.G. Brighton Building have been extended to the Atlas Building at High Cross that houses the Museum’s Petrology (hand-specimen) Collection and the Departmental Examinations Series’. Heritage Lottery Funding for the ‘Darwin the Geologist project’ contributed to several improvements in security. The Museum’s intruder alarm system was

SM Annual Rep 08-09 11 completely upgraded, and all of the Darwin exhibition display cases had their locks serviced and new anti-intruder sensors fitted. The Museum’s CCTV monitoring system has been extended to the Museum’s Information point/shop, which is staffed full-time to improve security in the Mahogany Wing Gallery. New CCTV cameras were fitted to the ‘Darwin the Geologist’ display area.

2.5 Collections Management System The Museum has applied for funding for an archive management system that will be integrated into the Museum’s existing Collections Management System. This is part of a wider project to document the Museum’s archive in 2010-2011.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 12 Conservation Service

‘Petrified’ bird’s nest cleaned and conserved for display in Darwin’s Rooms at Christ’s College Cambridge during 2009

3.2 Major conservation projects A conservation assessment of Charles Darwin’s petrological collection was undertaken for the Museum’s HLF funded ‘Darwin the Geologist’ exhibition. Adam Sedgwick’s Megaloceros skeleton commonly known as the ‘Irish Elk’ was relocated to make room for the Darwin exhibition. The project (begun in early 2008) involved dismantling the skeleton and remounting it on a new base in a different location in the Museum.

An historic cast of a partial skeleton of Megatherium, which formed part of Adam Sedgwick’s original (1840) Woodwardian Museum collection, was conserved for the new exhibition.

Items borrowed from Down House, the Whipple Museum and the Linnean Society of London required a new climate-controlled case to be designed to house these objects.

The Museum’s conservation team worked with Britannia Storage to develop solutions for these new cases in the exhibition area.

Material from the Museum’s archives that was required for ‘Darwin the Geologist’ was assessed and conserved where appropriate. This included an original chalk & pastel portrait of Darwin (now on exhibit). The work was carried out by Museum Conservation Services Ltd in consultation with the Museum’s Conservator. A portrait of Adam Sedgwick conserved by the Hamilton Kerr Institute (funded by the “Friends of the Sedgwick Museum”) has also been incorporated into the new exhibition.

Facsimile notebooks and catalogues for ‘Darwin the Geologist’ were produced in collaboration with a Museum volunteer with specialist skills and with the services of

SM Annual Rep 08-09 13 Museum Conservation Services Ltd, under the supervision of the Museum’s Conservator.

Museum volunteer stitching a facsimile Darwin notebook

The activities of the ‘Darwin the Geologist’ conservation team are recorded in the Museum’s ‘Darwin the Geologist’ blog on the museum website.

Museum staff worked with Britannia Storage to develop a glass surround for the Museum’s mounted fossil Hippopotamus skeleton known as the ‘Barrington Hippo’. This work was made possible through a grant from the Geologists’ Association Curry Fund and is the final stage of a conservation project that began in 2005. It had not previously been possible to remount the hippo’s tail and pelvis, which had been removed following damage; the new glass case has enabled the hippo to be reunited with its tail.

The ‘Barrington Hippo’ in its new case with reconstructed tail and pelvis

3.3 Conservation Laboratory: equipment and training courses Equipment and Facilities Three new stereomicroscopes with LED lighting have been purchased to be used in training courses. Two height adjustable benches funded by the DCMS/Wolfson grant have been installed in the conservation lab and research room. New digital microscope facilities have been set up in the Conservation Laboratory.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 14 Training Courses A four-day course on fluid preserved specimens and three one-day MLA Renaissance funded Insect Pest Management (level 2) courses were hosted at the Brighton Building. The Sedgwick Museum has provided office accommodation and storage facilities at the Brighton Building Conservation Unit, for the MLA Renaissance funded Regional Conservator for Cambridge and Peterborough. Additionally advice on health and safety has been provided for a wide range of staff and visitors.

Insect Pest Management, Level 2 course held at the Brighton Building

3.4 Environmental monitoring of collections The Museum’s environmental monitoring system was upgraded to Darca Heritage II. A day of training in use of the new software was also provided for the Conservation team. The upgrade was necessary after inclusion of 6 new transmitters which had been added to the Museum’s existing Eltek system for the ‘Darwin the Geologist’ exhibition. An external sensor has been acquired so that the museum’s internal environment can be compared directly with the exterior.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 15 Learning in the Museum and the wider community

“Sedgwick Storytime” event for under 5-s (left) and the “Collect” project working with elders (right)

The Sedgwick Museum is a learning resource for the whole community, and public education programmes and events reflect the diversity of our visitors and their learning needs. Activities during 2008-09 have included a number of developments and new initiatives for both formal (schools, colleges and HE) and informal (families and community groups) learners. Most of these have been made possible through funding from Heritage Lottery, MLA’s Designation Challenge Fund, Renaissance and Cambridge City Council.

4.1 Audience development projects The Museum has continued to respond to regional and national priorities for both engaging new audiences and continuing to build stronger links with parts of the learning community with which we have established and successful relationships.

A DCF grant enabled the Museum to run several audience development projects. The Collect project was a collaboration between the Sedgwick Museum and artist Catherine Watling. A series of workshops with elders themed around collecting was run in February 2009 at Cherry Trees Age Concern Day Centre, and resulted in a temporary exhibition at the Sedgwick Museum. The Darwin the Geologist evaluation project focused on formative evaluation for the Museum’s new Darwin exhibition. Museum staff took part in evaluation training by Harriet Foster (Evaluation Officer for Renaissance East of England). Kate Pontin (Freelance Evaluator) worked with Museum staff to plan formative evaluation focus groups to evaluate draft panels and interactive content for the exhibition. Summative evaluation also took place after the exhibition opened in July 2009. The Widening Audience Participation project took advantage of a redesign of the museum’s gallery plan to produce family-friendly leaflets that were distributed to community centres with the aim of reaching families who have not visited before.

In a Renaissance funded project, we worked with teachers from 2 Cambridge nursery schools to research, develop and pilot loan boxes specifically for early years education. This project built new relationships with the teachers, children and parents from the schools involved, and early years teachers from other schools through a launch event at the Museum. The very popular “Sedgwick Storytime” events were a direct spin-off of the project

SM Annual Rep 08-09 16 4.2 Formal learning at the Sedgwick Museum

During the period 2008-09, the Sedgwick Museum has been visited by: 147 Children in Early Years education, including those taking part in the Story Box project. 770 Children in primary school groups including some schools participating in the More MAGIC project 624 Children in secondary school groups 319 young people from FE and sixth-form colleges including NVQ Childcare students from Norwich City College 263 undergraduate students visiting from HE institutions (UK and overseas) 1552 children and young people (pre-school – FE) visiting from overseas

In addition to teaching more than half of the children and young people visiting the Museum with educational groups, the Museum Education Officer has also run individual or group pre-visit planning and orientation meetings for 75 teachers to support both independent and taught visits by school and FE groups. A PGCE student from Anglia Ruskin University spent 8 placement days at the Sedgwick Museum observing and learning more about museum teaching practise as part of her teacher training. Supporting a Renaissance-funded initiative to embed an understanding of museum learning practise within Initial Teacher Education, as well as to share best practise in earth science education, the Education Officer ran hands-on geology workshops for all PGCE trainees in Early Years, Primary and Middle Years at the University’s Faculty of Education environmental science days.

More MAGIC A collaborative project with education officers from other Cambridge University Museums, More MAGIC (Museums and Galleries in Cambridge) was a pilot project to explore the potential for development of more collaborative resources and visit programmes for schools. The Museum Education Officer worked with the Education Officer from the Museum of Classical Archaeology to organise and run a series of INSET training evenings for both qualified primary teachers and trainees from the Faculty of Education to introduce a new joint visit session called “Other Times, Other Worlds” which combines planetary science and classical mythology. A total of 25 teachers attended, 19 of whom were first time visitors to the Sedgwick Museum. The sessions also provided a forum for discussion about how the museums might build on their relationships with schools. Findings from this pilot have led to a second phase of project work (from Sept 2009) involving more of the University Museums and collections in training and professional development activities for museum education staff, and in which the Sedgwick has again played a lead role. This project will be completed in March 2011.

Thu-Sat 23-25 October 2008: ‘Poetry rocks’ As part of the Cambridge Festival of Ideas, a group of Year 11 students participated in two days of performance poetry workshops. They were given four talks by Sedgwick Museum staff on Darwin’s rock specimens and collecting skills. With the help of two professional poets and two aspiring young poets, the participants wrote original works. These were performed in front of a live audience. The event was part- funded by Excellence East.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 17

Darwin young poets discovering Darwin’s collection of rocks with petrologist Dr Sally Gibson and (right) performing their work to a public audience

‘I really, really enjoyed the poetry workshop. Having not written much poetry at all I was amazed that I actually managed to compose one…I still can't believe that my poem I wrote was about rocks and that there was so much more about rocks that I didn't know about before I came on the course: like the beautiful colours that they are made up of despite their often rather dull exterior.’

‘I enjoyed the poetry writing and the speeches given by various different museum staff as they both made me think about the task more, in particular exploring different methods of writing and hearing anecdotes of Darwin’s expeditions. These anecdotes made Darwin appear more human than he did to me previously, as they showed he was not just a person in a history or science text book but was in fact a normal human.’

4.3 Community learning events in the Museum

Museum events promote a range of learning and skills development opportunities to participants, including some overlap with the formal learning programmes such as the “Poetry Rocks” project for young people which included a public performance. During 2008-9 the Museum ran 25 events which were attended by more than 6,000 people; a few of the highlights are described below. Some special events, such as Seismographics, interpreted some of the “unseen” earth science research that goes on behind the scenes in the Department of Earth Sciences.

Sat 25th October 2008: ‘Seismographics’ More than 900 people attended this drop-in family activity day and explored earthquakes and geophysics through hands-on science and art activities. Painting with golf balls, marbles and springs were used to demonstrate the physics behind earthquakes. Graduate student volunteer Joel Gill prepared and gave interactive earthquake science talks to bring the science to life. Funded by Cambridge City Council, Institute of Physics, Friends of the Sedgwick Museum and supported by British Geological Survey. Part of Big Draw and the Cambridge Festival of Ideas. Sat 1st November 2008: ‘She sells seashells on the seashore’ This popular live interpretation workshop for families included a talk from an actor in character as the Victorian fossil collector Mary Anning, and an artist helping to interpret fossils and bring them to life. Funded by Cambridge City Council and the Sedgwick Museum. Part of Big Draw and the Cambridge Festival of Ideas. Tuesday 14th October: The Big Draw(er) – adult drawing course

SM Annual Rep 08-09 18 This workshop for adult learners used objects from the museum’s handling collection as a stimulus for developing questioning, observing and drawing skills. Facilitated by artist Sarah Blake and the Museum Education Officer. Funded by Renaissance & Sedgwick Museum. Part of Big Draw and the Cambridge Festival of Ideas. “This has been such a treat- I never knew that fossils were so intricate and exciting” Sat 5 December 2008: ‘Christmas Corals’ The Sedgwick Museum invited visitors to join in with an ambitious craft project and crochet a model coral reef. The day included informative displays about Darwin’s theory of coral reef formation, a volunteer-led drop in crochet workshop, a range of hands-on activities and a special temporary display of corals from the Museum’s stores. Funded by Cambridge City Council and the Heritage Lottery Fund. ‘We saw huge corals and we were allowed to touch them and see them under the microscope’ ‘I enjoyed crocheting and made a coral and a bracelet’ Feb 18th 2009: ‘Twilight at the Museums’ 1200 people attended a special evening opening of the Sedgwick Museum during February half term. This event was organised in partnership with other University of Cambridge museums and collections. Funded by Renaissance and Museum donations. Sat 21 February 2009: ‘The Voyage of Charles Darwin’ premiere A new one man show entitled ‘The Voyage of Charles Darwin’ was performed for the first time to an audience of adults and young people. The show was written by Geoff Hales in conjunction with Sedgwick Museum staff. It featured Darwin looking back at his time on the Beagle just before the Origin of Species was published and highlighted his geological work on the voyage. ‘Darwin became more real, more of a person with his own hopes and fears’ Sat 21 February 2009: ‘Create-a-saurus’ More than 950 people took part in this drop-in creative science activity day. Volunteers from Timetruck and Rockwatch co-ran this huge hands-on event. The competition to design a dinosaur attracted more than 200 entries. Funded by Cambridge City Council & Museum donations, supported by Rockwatch and the Friends of the Sedgwick Museum.

“Create-a-saurus” event (left) and discovering earthquake science at “Seismographics”

Sat 14 March 2009: Fossil Detectives A panel of Museum staff experts promoted the Museum’s object identification service through a special drop-in identifications event, identifying more than 140 rock, fossil and mineral specimens during the day. Part of Cambridge Science Festival.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 19 11th July 2009: Under the Floorboards’ The street theatre company Pif Paf set up camp outside the Museum to perform for the first time ‘Under the Floorboards’ a musical adventure through geological time specially commissioned to celebrate the work of famous Cambridge Geologists for the 800th anniversary of the University of Cambridge. 200 people of all ages enjoyed the show. Supported by HLF and University of Cambridge 800th Fund.

4.4 Museum outreach

Funding from HLF and DCF enabled some new outreach work, such as the “Collect” project, and also supported the continuing development of the undergraduate-led (The Sedgwick Club) main outreach project, TimeTruck. This year TimeTruck’s volunteers celebrated 10 years of working with the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences to take fun hands-on earth sciences activities and handling objects on loan from the Museum into primary schools as part of Cambridge Science Festival. TimeTruck visited 8 schools in Cambridge, Ely and Huntingdon over a week in March 2009, and worked with more than 300 children. The Museum Education Officer ran training sessions for the volunteers and supported the development of new activities, such as a Darwin Story handling game, which was funded by the HLF.

“The students were really enthusiastic and patient with the children, especially answering all of their questions about dinosaurs and volcanoes. It was the highlight of the year for several of the children in my class” (Teacher)

“I feel very proud to be associated with TimeTruck. The schools visits and contact with children and their responsible adults have definitely encouraged me to pursue a career in outreach.” (TimeTruck volunteer)

4.5 Educational resources on the website A new Darwin the Geologist website is under construction as part of the HLF project and is expected to be operation during the 09/10 academic year.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 20 Strengthening links

5.1 Department-Museum co-ordination Following on from the continued success in the fund-raising and development strands of our activities it is now time to consolidate our activities. The Director has strengthened links with the Department by holding discussions that will produce: (i) the appointment of an additional Honorary Curator of Igneous Petrology; (ii) a new committee (The Sedgwick Museum Strategic Committee) which will comprise senior members of the Museum and Department. The remit of the committee will be to deal with and anticipate major changes in University-level strategy, as well as initiatives within the nationwide Museums sector. Progress. Both proposals have now been agreed, in principle, and will be acted upon during the academic year (2009/2010).

5.2 Collections Centre Our long-term rôle as a “Designated Collections Centre Scheme” (DCCS) under the special factor museums funding scheme (AHRC funded) requires the Sedgwick to support, advise and accommodate (where necessary) geological collections held at the following Universities: Sheffield, Leicester, Nottingham, East Anglia, Birkbeck (London), Imperial (London), RHBNC (London), UCL (London).

Specimens and collections acquired 08/09: Llanvirn : 80 specimens (DES – Cambridge) Barstow Formation Fossil Insects: 50 specimens (DES – Cambridge) Manifold Valley Fossils (University of London): 421 specimens (DCCS) Cambrian Trilobites (University of London): 150 specimens (DCCS) Eifel Region (University of London): 200 specimens (DCCS)

5.3 Friends of the Sedgwick Museum Our “Friends” have completed another extremely successful year, running a regular set of meetings with talks by guest lecturers, varied social functions, excursions and the Annual Field Trip for members. They are increasingly becoming involved with our undergraduates both socially and academically – by funding summer prize internships in the Museum. The ‘Friends’ have donated £7000 toward museum projects this past year.

5.4 Collaborative projects Museum with Institutions: University of Lincoln – undergraduate project supervision in conservation studies; The Open University virtual petrological microscope; The Geological Society – Darwin as a geologist exhibition advice

Museum research collaborations: NHM London – Barrett/Milner; Munich – Butler; UC London – Upchurch; Uppsala – Peel; Wollongong – Wright; Univ Chicago – Brusatte; University of Maryland – Herbert; Xu – Beijing (IVPP); You – Beijing (IVPP); University of Idaho – Geist; Dereje Ayalew – Dar-es-Salaam; Charles Darwin Research Station – Estes/Grant; Université Montpellier II, France – Dr R. Feist; Senckenberg Museum, Germany – Dr R. Lerosey-Aubril; Los Angeles County Museum, USA – Dr J. Long; University of California, Santa Barbara, USA – Prof S. Awramik; University of Otago, New Zealand - Dr M. Tuura;, University of Michigan, USA – Prof T. Baumiller; Museum Victoria, Australia – Dr P. Irwin; WA Museum, Australia – Dr A. Bevan; University of NSW,

SM Annual Rep 08-09 21 Australia - Dr M. Ebach; Université de Lille, France – Dr C. Cronier; Royal Society of WA, Australia - Dr V. Semeniuk; University of Lucknow, India - Dr D. Srivastava; NHM London – Dr J Taylor; NHM London – Dr J Todd; University of Granada Spain - Prof Antonio Checa; Otago university NZ - Prof Daphne Lee, MCZ Harvard, US – Prof Gonzalo Giribet; Field Museum Chicago, US - Dr Rudiger Bieler; British Antarctic Survey - Prof Lloyd Peck & Dr Alistair Crame; Univ Leicester - Dr M Williams; S.Australia Museum – Dr Pring; Pavia – Tarantino; Australian National University – Liu & Withers; Bochum – Schreuer; Reno – Darling; Newcastle, Australia – Howard; Sydney, Australia - Kennedy & Zhou; Virginia Tech - Zhao, Ross & Angel; Warsaw – Pawlak & Lukasiewicz; ISIS, UK – Knight; Milan – Gatta; Bayreuth - Boffa Ballaran;: Seville - Manchado, Romero, Gallardo, del Cerro & Schryvers; Idrissi – Antwerp; Barcelona – Planes.

5.5 National ‘events’ at the Sedgwick The Sedgwick Museum has continued to support national events in the geological sciences, including:

The Darwin International Festival (part-hosted by the Sedgwick Museum – session at the main festival chaired by the Director).

Darwin in the Field – international conference (hosted entirely by the Museum).

Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (annual international meeting) – part-hosted by the Sedgwick Museum.

Opening of the new ‘Darwin the Geologist’ exhibition (international event).

SM Annual Rep 08-09 22 Governance and museum management The Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences is managerially and fiscally embedded within the Department of Earth Sciences of the University of Cambridge. The Museum is not only a primary research and teaching facility for the Department, its staff and students, but it also provides opportunity for public access to the Department and University by acting as the point of contact for external researchers, special interest groups, industry, colleges, schools and the general public. The general ethos of the Sedgwick since its re-foundation in 1904, which was partly made possible through public donations, is to be a welcoming and accessible place of education.

Sedgwick Museum Staff

Established posts

Museum Director: Dr D.B. Norman Curator of Mineralogy & Petrology: Prof. M.A. Carpenter ScD Collections Manager: Daniel Pemberton MSc Conservator: Sarah Finney BA Collections Assistant (Min & Pet): Stephen Laurie BSc FGS Collections Assistant (Palaeontology): Matthew Riley MSc Museum Education Officer: Annette Shelford BSc Museum Computer Officer (part-time): Sandra Jackson BS

Contract posts

HLF grant – Project manager: Dr Francis Neary HLF grant – Curator-Conservator: Dr Esther Sharp HLF grant – Education assistant: Ms Suzy Antoniw INT grant – Postdoctoral researcher: Dr Lyall Anderson MLA Renaissance HUB – documentation project: Robert Theodore Cambridge City Council grant – Warders/Docents: Philippa Owles/Simon Crowhurst

Honorary staff Woodwardian Professor: David Hodell Honorary Curator of Palaeontology: Dr E.M. Harper Honorary Curator of Sedimentary Petrology: Dr K.J. McNamara Emeritus Woodwardian Professor: H.B. Whittington FRS Emeritus Woodwardian Professor: I. N. McCave Emeritus Curator of Mineralogy & Petrology: Dr G.A. Chinner Emeritus Curator of Palaeontology: Prof. R.B. Rickards

6.1 Staff changes Dr Francis Neary (HLF funded – exhibition project manager) has been offered a project management position in the Department of the History and Philosophy of Science, University of Cambridge, which will commence once his contract has been completed at the Sedgwick. Dr Esther Sharp (HLF funded – curator-conservator) completed her term of employment shortly after the opening of the new Darwin Exhibition and is applying for museum-related positions in the SW region.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 23 Suzy Antoniw (HLF funded – education assistant) has been offered a position in education/outreach at the Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, which she will be able to take up when her HLF contracts ends.

6.2 Working environment Several contract workers continue to occupy rooms in the Department of Earth Sciences, which attracts an additional overhead on museum funds. No other significant changes have occurred in this reporting period.

6.3 Staff training/development Museum staff received evaluation training funded through the DCF Audience Development grant. Training was received on the use of the new environmental monitoring system. Rennaissance SHARE scheme. ‘Flint day-school’ course on flint and identification of flint fossils and artefacts.

6.4 Museum Budget The museum has received a number of large and medium-sized grants working through the system. Apart from the significant HLF, Isaac Newton Trust and MLA Renaissance grants (which all support contract staff) the remainder of the administrative and functional burden for these and all other grants falls upon a comparatively very small group of established Museum staff. This level of funding, and the added workload, should not continue at this level given the size and complexity of our collections. ‘Post-Darwin’ it will be necessary to re-orientate our efforts toward core museum functions to a significant degree and take a far more strategic approach to our development activities.

Grants on-going or received: (£) • Cambridge City Council (Warding on Saturdays) 3,910 • Heritage Lottery Fund (Darwin the Geologist Exhibition) 519,000 • Isaac Newton Trust (Darwin Research Fellowship) 109,000 • University/Trinity College (Exhibition support Fund) 100,000 • DCMS/Wolfson (Access Improvement Grant) 28,000 • Designation Challenge Fund (evaluation of project works) 15,000 • Curry Fund (exhibition support – new display case) 3000 • Institute of Physics (seismometer gallery experiment) 2000 • MLA Renaissance HUB (Community learning and outreach) 990 • MLA Renaissance HUB (Museum development project) 12,000 • Excellence East (poetry project) 1,350 • 800th Anniversary Celebrations (“Pif Paf” theatrical project) 5,000

6.5 Grants applications and opportunities The Designation Challenge Fund (MLA) is being drawn to a close and in its place a new Designation Development Fund is being rolled out. This will provide an opportunity to address core-function matters at the Sedgwick and we are exploring the possibility of submitting a project that will help to develop our very large documentary archive.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 24 6.6 Buildings and major equipment updates During this reporting period all major works have been focused on (i) collections reorganisation: the new compactor racking installation at the Brighton Building, (ii) the gallery reorganisation, refurbishment and exhibition work for ‘Darwin the Geologist’ and (iii) improvements in access to the Museum (access ramps) and internally the installation of platform lifts for wheel-chair users. All have been completed to specification and on-time.

6.7 Emergency planning During this reporting period planning meetings (University/Department/Museum) have been held regularly throughout the year; these meetings are attended by the Museum Conservator who reports back directly to the Museum Committee at our monthly meetings.

6.8 Health and Safety Significant improvements have been made to the Museum during this reporting period through the developments (access-related) made possible by the combination of HLF, DCMS/Wolfson and EMBS grants.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 25 Teaching & Research Support

7.1 Undergraduate/Postgraduate project supervision A range of projects were supervised by the staff of the Museum – these ranged from internal Departmental projects for 4th year students, to several projects undertaken by students from the Department of Zoology. Outside Cambridge student supervision included support for students from the University College London, the and the University of Bristol. External research students from Berlin (Humboldt), the University of Bogota (Colombia) and the University of North Illinois (USA) were also supervised. Supervised visits: In total 218 GB-based HE students were supported by the Sedgwick during the reporting period. Overseas HE student research visits totalled 183.

Museological and Educational Group visits to the Museum have been steadily rising in recent years, and are reaching at a point where we cannot sustain this level of support and time-commitment given current staffing levels. Supervised visits: During 2008/09 there were 152 facilitated visits.

7.2 Conservation support and advice Complete commitment of the Conservation Unit to the Darwin Exhibition project meant that our support and advice service was restricted. Full service is planned for October 2009 and will commence with a project linked to the University of Lincoln and supervision of natural science trainee conservators.

7.3 Research visits and loans The Museum made 57 loans of research collections during the academic year 2008- 2009; these were made to research departments both nationally and internationally. Ninety-two specimens were also loaned to ten external institutions (museums and research departments) for new exhibitions. Specific Darwin-related loans were made to: American Museum of Natural History, the Yale Centre for British Art, the Natural History Museum of Osaka, the Australian National Museum in Canberra, Berlin Natural History Museum, the National Museum of Wales, the University of Cambridge Library, and the Fitzwilliam Museum. Other major exhibition loans (unrelated to Darwin) were made to:

• The Royal Society of London • Stevenage Museum • Peterborough Museum

SM Annual Rep 08-09 26

Research output (host/collaborative/external)

The research output associated with the Sedgwick Museum continued in strength and volume, despite the workload associated with the Cambridge and Museum celebrations associated with Darwin’s bicentenary year. Multi- disciplinary research at the Sedgwick involves very wide international collaboration (Australia, China/Asia, Europe, Africa, South America) which is one of the core functions of the Museum and its internationally renowned collections.

The skull of Equijubus normani from Inner Mongolia

Two major Darwin-themed international conferences and one International symposium were hosted by the Museum during 2009: The Cambridge Darwin Festival (July 5-10, 2009). Comprised meetings and receptions in the Museum, the Director convened and chaired an international conference (within the Festival) on Darwin’s contributions to the Earth Sciences. Prof. Janet Browne (Harvard) opened the new ‘Darwin the Geologist’ exhibition (6 July) during the Festival. Darwin in the Field (July 11-14, 2009). Hosted and organised at the Sedgwick Museum. The Annual Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology was part hosted at Sedgwick Museum and Christ’s College, Cambridge.

Director The director’s principal research themes are:, anatomy, taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny, and integrative palaeobiology of dinosaurs. Subsidiary work, associated with research in the Galapagos Islands, and the development of the new Darwin exhibition is linked to Charles Darwin’s

SM Annual Rep 08-09 27 exploratory geology of that region, and has been an extraordinary diversion over the past two years.

Herbert, S. and Norman, D.B. (2009) Darwin’s geology and perspective on the fossil record. Pp. 129-152. [eds] M. Ruse and R. Roberts. Cambridge Companion to the “Origin of Species”. Cambridge University Press. Moore, J.R and Norman, D.B (2009) Quantitatively evaluating the sources of taphonomic biasing of skeletal element abundances in fossil assemblages. Palaios, 24 (9). pp. 591-602. ISSN 0833-1351 Herbert, S. and Gibson, S.A. and Norman, D.B. and Geist, D. and Estes, G. and Grant, T. and Miles, A.J. (2009) Into the field again: re-examining Charles Darwin's 1835 geological work on Isla Santiago (James Island) in the Galapagos archipelago. Earth Sciences History, 28 (1). pp. 1- 31. ISSN 0736-623X Maidment, S.C.R. and Norman, D.B. and Barrett, P.M. and Upchurch, P. (2008) Systematics and Phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 6 (04). pp. 367-407. Norman, D.B. (2008) Book of the week: The Legacy of the Mastodon. Times Higher Education Norman, D.B. (2008) Science made simple: Dinosaurs. Independent News and Media Limited, United Kingdom. Benson, R.B.J. and Barrett, P.M. and Powell, H.P. and Norman, D.B. (2008) the Taxonomic Status of bucklandii (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Middle of Oxfordshire, Uk. Palaeontology, 51 (2). pp. 419-424. Butler, R.J. and Porro, L.B. and Norman, D.B. (2008) A Juvenile Skull of the Primitive Ornithischian Dinosaur Heterodontosaurus tucki from the 'Stormberg' of Southern Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28 (3). pp. 702-711. Butler, R.J., Upchurch, P. and Norman D.B.. 2008. The phylogeny of the ornithischian dinosaurs. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 6 (1): 1-40.

Curator of mineralogy & petrology Research continues on the study of the molecular structure and bonding within the crystal lattices of a wide range of minerals (both naturally occurring and synthetic).

Carpenter, Michael A. and McKnight, Ruth E. A. and Howard, Christopher J. and Zhou, Qingdi and Kennedy, Brendan J. and Knight, Kevin S. (2009) Characteristic length scale for strain fields around impurity cations in perovskites. Physical Review B, 80 (21). p. 214101. Herrero-Albillos, J. and Marchment, P. and Salje, E. K. H. and Carpenter, M. A. and Scott, J. F. (2009) Elastic behavior associated with phase transitions in incommensurate Ba2 NaNb5 O15. Physical Review B, 80 (21). p. 214112. Idrissi, H. and Schryvers, D. and Salje, E. K. H. and Zhang, H. L. and Carpenter, M. A. and Moya, X. (2009) Pinning of the martensitic microstructures by dislocations in Cu74.08 Al23.13Be2.79. ESOMAT european symposium on martensic transformation . Salje, E. K. H. and Zhang, H. L. and Idrissi, H. and Schryvers, D. and Carpenter, M. A. and Moya, X. and Planes, A. (2009) Mechanical resonance of the austenite/martensite interface and the pinning of the martensitic microstructures by dislocations in Cu74.08 Al23.13 Be2.79. Physical Review B, 80 (13). p. 134114. Moxon, T. and Carpenter, M. A. (2009) Crystallite growth kinetics in nanocrystalline quartz (agate and chalcedony). Mineralogical Magazine, 73 (4). pp. 551-568. ISSN 0026-461X, Online ISSN: 1471-8022 Manchado, J. and Romero, F. J. and Gallardo, M. C. and Cerro, J. del and Darling, T. W. and Taylor, P. A. and Buckley, A. and Carpenter, M. A. (2009) Dielectric,

SM Annual Rep 08-09 28 calorimetric and elastic anomalies associated with the first order I4/mcm \leftrightarrow Pbcm phase transition in (Ca, Sr)TiO3 perovskites. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 21 (29). 295903. Zhao, Jing and Ross, Nancy L and Angel, Ross J and Carpenter, Michael A. and Howard, Christopher J. and Pawlak, Dorota A and Lukasiewicz, Tadeusz (2009) High-pressure crystallography of rhombohedral PrAlO3 perovskite. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 21 (23). 235403. Carpenter, M. A. and Howard, C. J. (2009) Symmetry rules and strain/order- parameter relationships for coupling between octahedral tilting and cooperative Jahn–Teller transitions in ABX 3 perovskites. I. Theory. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, B65 (2). pp. 134-146. Carpenter, M. A. and Howard, C. J. (2009) Symmetry rules and strain/order- parameter relationships for coupling between octahedral tilting and cooperative Jahn–Teller transitions in ABX3 perovskites. II. Application. Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science, B65 (2). pp. 147-159. Angel, R. J. and Gatta, G. D. and Ballaran, T. B. and Carpenter, M. A. (2008) The mechanism of coupling in the modulated structure of nepheline. Canadian Mineralogist, 46 (6). pp. 1465- 1476. McKnight, R. E. A. and Kennedy, B J and Zhou, Q and Carpenter, M. A. (2009) Elastic anomalies associated with transformation sequences in perovskites: II. The strontium zirconate–titanate Sr(Zr,Ti)O3 > solid solution series. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 21 (1). 015902. McKnight, Ruth E. A. and Howard, C. J. and Carpenter, M. A. (2009) Elastic anomalies associated with transformation sequences in perovskites: I. Strontium zirconate, SrZrO3 Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 21 (1). 015901. McKnight, R. E. A. and Moxon, T. and Buckley, A. and Taylor, P. A. and Darling, T. W. and Carpenter, M. A. (2008) Grain size dependence of elastic anomalies accompanying the α-β phase transition in polycrystalline quartz. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 20 (7). 075229. Pring, A. and Tarantino, S. C. and Tenailleu, C. and Carpenter, M. A. and Zhang, M. and Liu, Y. and Withers, R. L. (2008) The crystal chemistry of Fe-bearing sphalerites: An infrared spectroscopic study. American Mineralogist, 93 (4). pp. 591-597. Walsh, J. N. and Taylor, P. A. and Buckley, A. and Darling, T. W. and Schreuer, J. and Carpenter, M. A. (2008) Elastic and anelastic anomalies in (Ca,Sr)TiO3 perovskites: Analogue behaviour for silicate perovskites. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 167 (1-2). pp. 110-117.

Honorary Curator of Sedimentary Petrology Research focused on structure and evolution, and patterns of evolution and diversification of species through Phanerozoic time.

McNamara, K. J. (2009) Stromatolites – great survivors under threat. GeoScientist, 19 (12). pp. 16-22. Bevan, A. W. R. and McNamara, K. J. (2009) Australia’s Meteorite Craters. Western Australian Museum, Australia. ISBN 9781920843960 Feist, R. and McNamara, K. J. and Cronier, C. and Lerosey-Aubril, R. (2009) Patterns of extinction and recovery of phacopid trilobites during the Frasnian- Famennian (Late ) mass extinction event, Canning Basin, Western Australia. Geological Magazine, 146 (1). pp. 12- 33. McNamara, K. J. (2009) Pinnacles.. Western Australian Museum, Welshpool DC, W.A.. ISBN 9781920843441 McNamara, K. J. (2009) Stromatolites. Western Australian Museum, Welshpool DC, W.A.. ISBN 9781920843458

SM Annual Rep 08-09 29 McNamara, K. J. and Feist, R. and Ebach, M. C. (2009) Patterns of evolution and extinction in the last harpetid trilobites during the Late Devonian (Frasnian). Palaeontology, 52 (1). pp. 11- 33. ISSN 1475-4983 Tuura, M. E. and Baumiller, T. K. and McNamara, K. J. (2008) Drill holes in Australian Cainozoic brachiopods. Historical Biology, 20 (3). pp. 203-212. Lerosey-Aubril, R. and McNamara, K. J. (2008) The Cephalic Median Organ of Trilobites. In: Advances in trilobite research. Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid, pp. 229-235. ISBN 978-84-7840-759-0 McNamara, K. J. (2008) Earth and life - origins of Phanerozoic diversity. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 55 (8). pp. 1023-1036. ISSN 1440-0952 McNamara, K. J. and Feist, R. (2008) Patterns of trilobite evolution and extinction during the Frasnian/Famennian mass extinction event, Canning Basin, Western Australia. In: Advances in Trilobite Research. Instituto Geológica de España, Madrid, pp. 269-274.

Honorary Curator of invertebrate palaeontology Research focus is on the biology and evolution of bivalve molluscs and predator-prey interactions in the fossil record.

Sartori, A. F. and Harper, E. M. (2009) Sticky bivalves from the Mesozoic: clues to the origin of the anomalodesmatan arenophilic system. Lethaia, 42 (4). pp. 486- 494. Harper, E. M. and Peck, L.. S. and Hendry, K. R. (2009) Patterns of shell repair in articulate brachiopods indicate size constitutes a refuge from by Harper, EM, Peck, LS and Hendry KR in press. Marine Biology, 156 (10). pp. 1993-2000. Morton, B. and Harper, E. M. (2009) Drilling predation upon Ditrupa arietina (polychaeta: serpulidae) from the mid-atlantic açores, portugal. Açoreana Suplemento, 6 . pp. 157-165. Goetz, A. J. and Griesshaber, E. and Neuser, R. D. and Luter, C. and Huhner, M. and Harper, E. M. and Schmahl, W. W. (2009) Calcite morphology, texture and hardness in the distinct layers of rhynchonelliform shells. European Journal of Mineralogy, 21 (2). pp. 303- 315. Williams, M. and Haywood, A. M. and Harper, E. M. and Johnson, A. L. A. and Knowles, T. and Leng, M. J. and Lunt, D. J. and Okamura, B. and Taylor, P. D. and Zalasiewicz, J. (2009) Pliocene climate and seasonality in North Atlantic shelf seas. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 367 (1886). pp. 85-108. Morton, B. and Harper, E. M. (2008) Predation Upon Mytilus galloprovincialis (mollusca: Bivalvia: Mytilidae) by Juvenile Carcinus maenas (Crustacea: Decapoda) Using Mandibular Chipping. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, 88 (03). pp. 563-568. Esteban-Delgado, F. J. and Harper, E. M. and Checa, A. G. and Rodriguez-Navarro, A. B. (2008) Origin and Expansion of Foliated Microstructure in Pteriomorph Bivalves. Biological Bulletin, 214 (April). pp. 153-165. Harper, E. M. and Checa, A. G. and Rodriguez-Navarro, A. B. (2008) Organization and mode of secretion of the granular prismatic microstructure of Entodesma navicula (Bivalvia: Mollusca). Acta Zoologica, 89 . pp. 132-141.

Isaac Newton Trust Research Fellow (Evolution/Darwin)

Anderson, L. I. (2009) Charles Darwin and Andrew Smith an overseas exchange. Scottish Journal of Geology, 45 (1): 59-68. Le Heron, DP, Howard, JP, Alhassi, AM, Anderson, L, Morton, A and Fanning, N (2009) Field-based investigations of an 'Infracambrian' clastic succession in SE

SM Annual Rep 08-09 30 Libya and its bearing on the evolution of the Al Kufrah Basin. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 326 (1): 193-210. Anderson, L. I. (2009) Reviews: Thomson, K. 2008. The Legacy of the Mastodon. The Golden Age of Fossils in America. xvii + 386 pp. Geological Magazine, 146 (6). pp. 941-942. Anderson, L. I. (2009) Charles Darwin and Andrew Smith an overseas exchange. Scottish Journal of Geology, 45 (1). pp. 59-68. Anderson, L. I. (2009) First non-calcified dasycladalean alga from the Carboniferous. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen, 251 . pp. 119- 128. Anderson, L. I. and Taylor, M. A. T. (2008) Charles Peach, Palaeobotany and Scotland. Geological Curator, 8 (9). pp. 393-425. Dunlop, J. A. and Penney, D. and Tetlie, O. E. and Anderson, L. I. (2008) How many species of fossil arachnids are there? Journal of Arachnology, 36 (2). pp. 267- 272.

Collections-based research workers at the Sedgwick Museum

1. Roger Benson (vertebrate fossils)

Benson, R. B. J. (2009) The first definitive carcharodontosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from Asia and the delayed ascent of tyrannosaurids. Naturwissenschaften, 96 . pp. 1051-1058. Benson, R. B. J. (2009) An assessment of variability in theropod dinosaur remains from the Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) of Stonesfield and New Park Quarry, UK and taxonomic implications for Megalosaurus bucklandii and Iliosuchus incognitus. Palaeontology, 52 (4). pp. 857-877. Benson, R. B. J. (2009) A new large basal tetanuran (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Wessex Formation (Barremian) of the Isle of Wight, England. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29 (2). pp. 612-615. Benson, R. B. J. (2009) Dinosaurs of Dorset: Part I, the carnivorous dinosaurs (Saurischia, Theropoda). Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, 130. pp. 133-147. Brusatte, S. L. and Benson, R. B. J. and Hutt, S. (2008) The osteology of Neovenator salerii (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Wealden Group (Barremian) of the Isle of Wight. Palaeontographical Society Monographs 162 (631). Benson, R. B. J. (2008) A redescription of 'Megalosaurus' hesperis (Dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Inferior Oolite (Bajocian, Middle Jurassic) of Dorset, United Kingdom. Zootaxa, 1931: 1175-5334. Benson, R. B. J. and Xing, Xu (2008) The anatomy and systematic position of the theropod dinosaur Chilantaisaurus tashuikouensis Hu, 1964 from the Early Cretaceous of Alanshan, People's Republic of China. Geological Magazine, 145 (6). pp. 778-789. Benson, R. B. J. (2008) New information on Stokesosaurus, a tyrannosauroid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from North America and the United Kingdom. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28 (3). pp. 732-750. Darlington, J. and Benson, R. B. J. and Cook, C. and Walker, G. (2008) Resolving relationships in some African fungus-growing termites (Termitidae, Macrotermitinae) using molecular phylogeny, morphology, and field parameters. Insectes Sociaux, 55 (3). pp. 1420-9098. Benson, R. B. J. and Barrett, P. M. and Powell, H. P. and Norman, D. B. (2008) the Taxonomic Status of Megalosaurus bucklandii (dinosauria, Theropoda) from the Middle Jurassic of Oxfordshire, Uk. Palaeontology, 51 (2). pp. 419-424.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 31 2. Nicholas Butterfield (invertebrates and origins of metazoa)

Butterfield, N. J. (2009) Modes of pre- multicellularity. Precambrian Research, 173 (1-4). pp. 201-211. Brocks, J. J. and Butterfield, N. J. (2009) Biogeochemistry: Early animals out in the cold. Nature, 457 (7230). pp. 672-673. Butterfield, N. J. (2009) Oxygen, animals and oceanic ventilation: an alternative view. Geobiology, 7 (1). p. 1. Balthasar, U. and Butterfield, N. J. (2009) Early Cambrian “soft-shelled” brachiopods as possible stem-group phoronids. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 54 (2). pp. 307-314. Butterfield, N. J. (2009) Fossil preservation in the burgess shale. In: A Burgess Shale primer: history, geology and research highlights. Burgess Shale Consortium, Toronto, pp. 63-69. Butterfield, N. J. (2009) Macroevolutionary turnover through the Ediacaran transition: ecological and biogeochemical implications. In: Global Neoproterozoic Petroleum Systems: The Emerging Potential in North Africa. Geological Society Special publications, 326 (326). Geological Society, London, pp. 53-64. Butterfield, N. J. (2008) An early Cambrian radula. Journal of Paleontology, 82 (3). pp. 543- 554. Harvey, T. H. P. and Butterfield, N. J. (2008) Sophisticated particle-feeding in a large Early Cambrian crustacean. Nature, 452 . pp. 868-871.

3. Simon Conway Morris (origins of multicellular life – pattern and process of evolution)

Conway Morris, Simon (2009) Walcott, the Burgess Shale and rumours of a post- Darwinian world. Current Biology, 19 (20). R927-R931. Conway Morris, S. (2009) Cherchez le Darwinism. Elsevier. Conway Morris, S. (2009) The predictability of evolution: glimpses into a post- Darwinian world. Naturwissenschaften, 96 (11). pp. 1313-1337. Berry, A. and Cobb, M. and Conway Morris, S. and Coyne, J. and Lawrence, P. and May, R. and Nusslein-Volhard, C. and Ptashne, M. and Ridley, M. and Zuk, M. (2009) (Re)Reading The Origin. Current Biology, 19 (3). Conway Morris, S. (2009) The Burgess shall animal Oesia is not a chaetognath: a reply to Szaniawski (2005). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 54 (1). pp. 175-179. Conway Morris, S. (2008) A redescription of a rare chordate, Metaspriggina walcotti Simonetta and Insom, from the Burgess shale (middle Cambrian), British Columbia, Canada. Journal of Paleontology, 82 (2). pp. 424-430. Conway Morris, S. and Peel, J. S. (2008) The earliest annelids: Lower Cambrian polychaetes from the Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, Peary Land, North Greenland. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 53 (1). pp. 137-148.

4. Susannah Maidment (fossil vertebrates)

Mateus, O. and Maidment, S. C. R. and Christiansen, N. A. (2009) A new long- necked 'sauropod-mimic' stegosaur and the evolution of the plated dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 276 (1663). p. 1815. ISSN 0962-8452 Maidment, S. C. R. and Norman, D. B. and Barrett, P. M. and Upchurch, P. (2008) Systematics and Phylogeny of Stegosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 6 (04). pp. 367-407. Maidment, S.C.R . and Porro, L.B. (2009) Homology of the palpebral and origin of supraorbital ossifications in ornithischian dinosaurs. Lethaia, 43 (1). p. 95.

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5. Richard Butler (fossil vertebrates)

Butler, R. J. and Goswami, A. (2008) Body size evolution in Mesozoic birds: little evidence for Cope's rule. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 21 (6). pp. 1673-1682. Butler, R. J. and Porro, L. B. and Norman, D. B. (2008) A Juvenile Skull of the Primitive Ornithischian Dinosaur Heterodontosaurus Tucki from the 'Stormberg' of Southern Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28 (3). pp. 702-711.

6. Laura Porro (vertebrate fossils, mechanics and evolution)

Butler, R. J. and Porro, L. B. and Norman, D. B. (2008) A Juvenile Skull of the Primitive Ornithischian Dinosaur Heterodontosaurus Tucki from the 'Stormberg' of Southern Africa. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 28 (3). pp. 702-711. Maidment, S.C.R . and Porro, L.B. (2009) Homology of the palpebral and origin of supraorbital ossifications in ornithischian dinosaurs. Lethaia, 43 (1). p. 95.

SM Annual Rep 08-09 33 Appendix Income Amount (£) AHRC award 163,896 Host HEI allocation 503,207

Other award making bodies (£) • Cambridge City Council (Warding on Saturdays) - annual 3,910 • Heritage Lottery Fund (Darwin the Geologist Exhibition) – 3 year [519,000] • Isaac Newton Trust (Darwin Research Fellowship) – 3 year [109,000] • University/Trinity College (Exhibition support Fund) – 3 year [100,000] • DCMS Wolfson (Access Improvement Grant) – 2 year [28,000] • Designation Challenge Fund (evaluation of project works) – 1 year [15,000] • Curry Fund (exhibition support – new display case) -1 year [3000] • Institute of Physics (seismometer gallery experiment) – 1 year [2000] • Renaissance East of England (Community learning and outreach) 990 • Renaissance (Documentation backlog project) – 2 year 50% funding [12,000] • Excellence East (Poetry workshops) – one off [1,350] • 800th Cambridge Festival (“Pif Paf” show) – one off [5,000] Other sources of income • Donations 1,846 • External trading: Photographic and filming charges and corporate hire 2,145 • University 50% matching funding for MLA Documentation Project 12,000 Total £1,482,344

Expenditure Amount (£) Staff costs – direct (salary) 372,776 Staff costs – indirect (RAM) 22,088 Stewardship costs (eg. exhibitions, conservation, documentation)

Exhibition development costs/Research activity: HLF/INT/Univ 760,567 Storage, Conservation, Monitoring (HLF) 125,000 Conservation materials (HLF + Univ) 25,000 Documentation (Renaissance + Univ) 25,000 Imaging for documentation project & exhibition (HLF + Univ) 20,000

Improving public access (DCMS – EMBS/Univ) 13,000 Grant administration (indirect costs - RAM) 6,362 Museum expenditure (indirect costs – RAM) 17,710 Accommodation (eg. rent, maintenance, cleaning, security) – (RAM) 67,261

Outreach (eg. publicity, marketing, events) • Schools learning programmes 2,600 • Publicity leaflets, plans etc etc 1,200 • Trilobite newsletter 350 • Schools Outreach activities 1500

SM Annual Rep 08-09 34 • Public learning events programme 2,800 • Timetruck outreach work and training (National Science Festival) 16,900 • Teacher training events and INSET 1000 • Museum information leaflets printing 750 • Trails 480 Total £1,482,344

No of Items Documented as a % of Collection 0.01% No of Items Documented 15,407 Loans 57 loans Exhibitions (new) 4 (DCFIV, HLF, Ice Age, Collect)

Registered enquiries 148 Palaeo + 24 Min & Petrology 09

- Website Hits 46,116 visits = 143,000 pages Total Educational Visits 110 (groups) FE Visits 22 (groups) Performance Performance

- HE visits 19 (groups) School visits 69 (groups) Lectures – HE/FE/Academic Society/Specialist 52 Groups)/Education (INSET, etc) Visitors 71,323 Funding (core AHRC) £163,896 Year 2008-09

AHRCCore Funding InformationIndicator 2008 Museum Sedgwick Museum

SM Annual Rep 08-09 35