DOCSLIB.ORG

(Musca Domestica) from a Livestock Farm in Tyumen Region, Russia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
(Musca Domestica) from a Livestock Farm in Tyumen Region, Russia Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2017 ONLINE FIRST ISSN 1311-1477; DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2027 Short communication INSECTICIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF HOUSE FLIES (MUSCA DOMESTICA) FROM A LIVESTOCK FARM IN TYUMEN REGION, RUSSIA M. A. LEVCHENKO, E. A. SILIVANOVA, G. F. BALABANOVA & R. H. BIKINYAEVA All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Veterinary Entomology and Arachnology, Branch of Tyumen Scientific Centre, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Summary Levchenko, M. A., E. A. Silivanova, G. F. Balabanova & R. H. Bikinyaeva, 2017. Insecti- cide susceptibility of house flies (Musca domestica) from a livestock farm in Tyumen re- gion, Russia. Bulg. J. Vet. Med. (online first). The susceptibility of the field populations of the house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera:Muscidae) from a livestock farm of the Tyumen region, Russia, to six insecticides (deltamethrin, cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, permethrin, fipronil, chlorfenapyr) is reported. After a forced contact of adult flies of susceptible strains and first generation of field populations with the residues of insecticides at the bottom of glass cups, the median lethal dose of each insecticide was determined by probit analysis. According to the resistance ratio, the susceptibility of the evaluated field population to insecticides increased in the order: cypermethrin < deltamethrin < permethrin ≤ chlorfenapyr < thiamethoxam < fipronil. Key words: field population, insecticides, Musca domestica L., resistance ratio, susceptibility The house fly Musca domestica L. (Dip- using insecticides. In Russia, pyrethroid tera:Muscidae) is a typical representative and neonicotinoid insecticides are most of zoophilous flies that cause significant commonly used to combat ectoparasites of harm to the animals as ectoparasites and animals. Fipronil and chlorfenapyr are interfere with the work of the maintenance among the new classes of insecticides in staff. Flies disturb the animals, reduce the Russia. Fipronil is used in crop produc- sanitary condition of farms and animal tion, medical pest control (mainly in the feed, may be carriers of infectious and form of gels and baits to control cock- parasitic diseases of animals (Förster et roaches), in veterinary medicine for com- al., 2007; Wang et al., 2011; Scott et al., bating ectoparasites on small domestic 2014). The main method of house flies animals. Chlorfenapyr is a promising pyr- control worldwide is chemical control role insecticide to control the insect popu- Insecticide susceptibility of house flies (Musca domestica) from a livestock farm in Tyumen region, Russia lation. Chlorfenapyr, a pro-insecticide, has not been carried out for more than 10 a unique mechanism of insecticidal activi- years (Pavlov, 2006). ty connected to the ability of its metabo- For effective control of the number of lites to block the ATP synthesis in insect pests, including the housefly, it is neces- body cells (US EPA, 2001). In world sary to carry out monitoring of the level of practice, chlorfenapyr is mainly used in susceptibility in field populations to the crop production and termite control, it is used insecticides. The aim of this study promising as a means to control the ma- was to assess the susceptibility to insecti- laria vectors and other synanthrope insects cides of different groups in the M. domes- (N'Guessan et al., 2007; Romero et al., tica population from a livestock farm in 2010). It is not introduced widely in Rus- the Tyumen region, where pyrethroid in- sia and is mostly used for plant protection. secticides had been used for a long time. It is known that M. domestica quickly For the experiment, 3–5-day old labo- develops resistance to insecticides used ratory susceptible and field populations against it (Scott et al., 2013; Khan et al., adult flies were used. Field population of 2015). Previously, researchers reported on flies was collected in the facilities (pigger- the formation of house fly populations ies, cowsheds) of a livestock farm in the resistant to pyrethroids and neonicotinoids Tyumen region (Chervishevo village, on livestock and poultry farms around the 56°56′08″ N. 65°25′34″ E.). Then insects world (Marçon et al., 2003; Kaufman et were transferred in an insectarium and al., 2010; Khan et al., 2013; Scott et al., kept in cages made of metal frame 25 × 25 2013; Abbas et al.. 2015). Development × 25 cm of size, covered with fine mesh, of cross-resistance to insecticides of other with a special sleeve to run insects. The groups is also possible. For example, it is cages also had food (milk powder: glu- known that house fly population resistant cose 1:1) in Petri dishes and cups with to permethrin develops resistance to water with a cotton wicks in them. The fipronil (Liu & Yue, 2000). first generation of adult flies (F1) has been Information on the susceptibility of M. obtained in the laboratory out of the col- domestica field populations to the insecti- lected population of flies; it has been cides used on the territory of Russia is tested for susceptibility to insecticides. sporadic and mainly refers to flies of Susceptible insect culture was obtained towns (inhabited localities). Thus, in the from the laboratory of the Novosibirsk 1990s, a study of 19 populations of flies Agrarian University in 2009 and was from central (Moscow, Kaluga, Tver re- reared in the insectarium without contact gions) and southern (Astrakhan) regions with insecticides for more than 50 genera- of Russia, demonstrated their high resis- tions. tance to organophosphorus insecticides The testing was carried out using (chlorophos, carbofos) and tolerance or commercial insecticides containing del- sensitivity to such pyrethroids as perme- tamethrin (Deltsid 4% EC, Agrovetzash- thrin, neopinamine, fenvalerate hita, Russia; FAS 1% tablets, Agrovit on (Polyakova, 1995). It has also been re- scientific and technological orders of ported that the flies of the Moscow popu- Gigiena-Bio, Russia), cypermethrin (Sa- lation were highly resistant to pyrethroids marovka insecticide 25% EC, Samarovo, (Roslavtseva, 2001). Such studies of flies Russia), thiamethoxam (Agita 10% WG, on livestock complexes are rare and have NOVARTIS ANIMAL HEALTH Inc., 2 BJVM, ××, No × M. A. Levchenko, E. A. Silivanova, G. F. Balabanova & R. H. Bikinyaeva Switzerland), as well as industrial perme- to LD50 for laboratory strain of flies. Sus- thrin (97%, crystals, China), fipronil ceptibility of the field population to the (97%, powder, China), chlorfenapyr insecticides was determined based on the (97%, crystals, China). following criteria: RR<1 – high suscepti- To determine the toxicity of the insec- bility to the insecticide, RR=1 – absence ticides for flies the method of dosed con- of resistance (the population is sensitive to tacting of insects was used (Pavlov & the insecticide), RR=2–10 – very low re- Pavlova, 2005). The insect groups were sistance (the insects are tolerant to the exposed to the test drug without anaes- insecticide), RR=11–20 – low resistance thetic by forced contact with an insecti- (the insects are moderately resistant), cide residues on the bottom of a glass cup RR=21–50 – medium resistance, RR=51– for 30 min. Acetone solutions of insecti- 100 – high resistance (the insects are re- cide were prepared in 5–6 concentrations. sistant to the insecticide), RR>100 – very Then, 1 mL of each solution was added to high resistance (the insects are highly re- glass cups with diameter 35–40 mm and sistant to the insecticide) (Dremova et al., 40–45 mm height. After evaporation of 1999; Abbas et al., 2015). acetone a certain amount of active sub- Laboratory tests have shown that for stance – the dose – was left in each cup. flies of both laboratory and field popula- Then 10 flies were placed into each cup tions the pyrethroid deltamethrin had the by a piston, consisting of a mesh cloth and highest toxicity. Next came the pyrethroid a spring spacer ring, achieving close con- cypermethrin, pyrazole fipronil and neo- tact of the insects with the insecticide nicotinoid thiamethoxam. The permethrin residues on the bottom of a cup. After a toxicity was significantly lower. The low- 30–min exposure, pistons in cups were est toxicity against adults M. domestica of raised to supply insects with drinking both laboratory and field populations was bowls with 5% glucose solution. The death that of pyrrole chlorfenapyr (Table 1). of the insects was registered during one According to our results, the field day. Experiments with each dose of the populations of flies did not have a high insecticide were performed at least 3 resistance to deltamethrin, cypermethrin times. and permethrin. A very low resistance to The results of insect mortality depend- cypermethrin (RR = 3.66) and deltame- ing on the dose were analysed by probit thrin in the composition of the FAS prepa- analysis (Finney, 1971) using Free ration (RR = 3.07) should be noted. A LD50/LC50 Calculator (July 7, 2016; Dr. higher sensitivity to permethrin in the M. Alpha Raj by Calcuating LD50/LC50 studied population of flies is probably due using Probit Analysis in Excel Blog) for to the fact that insecticides containing this calculating LD50 for 95% confidence in- pyrethroid are quite rare. tervals (CI), slopes, standard errors, and House fly populations with varying χ2. Median lethal dose was expressed as a degrees of resistance to pyrethroids were microgram of the active substance per found around the world on livestock and gram of tested insects’ weight. To deter- poultry farms. For example, in the USA, mine the susceptibility of the field popula- Musca domestica caught in pens for cattle tion to the insecticides the resistance ratio in the southeast Nebraska showed reason- (RR) was calculated as the ratio of LD50 able resistance to permethrin: resistance of the insecticide for field population flies ratio of 7.3 when contacting with insecti- BJVM, ××, No × 3 Insecticide susceptibility of house flies (Musca domestica) from a livestock farm in Tyumen region, Ru region, Tyumen in farm livestock a from domestica) (Musca flies house of susceptibility Insecticide 4 Table 1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Street Cats, City Rats: Synanthropes and Cinematic Urban Ecologies
    The Cine-Files, Issue 14 (spring 2019) Street Cats, City Rats: Synanthropes and Cinematic Urban Ecologies Graig Uhlin The second season of the BBC documentary series Planet Earth concluded with a somewhat atypical episode that focused on animals in urban environments. The episode, titled “Cities,” highlights the creation of habitats by various animal species out of the “unnatural” landscapes of global metropolises – including peregrine falcons in New York, leopards in Mumbai, and raccoons in Toronto. Urban development encroaches on natural habitats, and as animals move into urban spaces, they must adapt to new terrains in order to survive. The episode at times stresses the similarity of these built environments to the animals’ original environs; New York’s skyscrapers, for instance, provide falcons with tall ledges for nesting and updraft for flight, as well as ample prey at street level. Accordingly, the city is presented as an environment subject to the same competitive pressures seen in nature, wherein animals enact the same dominance rituals and territorial disputes. This ecosystem’s “top predator,” the voiceover narration comments, is humanity; it is people who “make the rules here.” Nonetheless, the episode emphasizes that urban habitats are often beneficial for animals. In Jodhpur, India, langur monkeys have access to an abundant food supply, provided by the residents of the city. This “constantly replenished source of food” enables more time for intra-species play and greater population growth, as the langurs “create troops far larger than in the forests nearby.” Far from functioning as a hindrance to the flourishing of animal life, the urban ecosystem provides a comparative advantage.
    [Show full text]
  • Irish Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): Distribution, Conservation and Functional Relationships
    Irish Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae): Distribution, Conservation and Functional Relationships Submitted by: Dipl. Biol. Robin Niechoj Supervisor: Prof. John Breen Submitted in accordance with the academic requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Limerick Limerick, April 2011 Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis and that it has not been submitted for any other academic award. References and acknowledgements have been made, where necessary, to the work of others. Signature: Date: Robin Niechoj Department of Life Sciences Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Limerick ii Acknowledgements/Danksagung I wish to thank: Dr. John Breen for his supervision, encouragement and patience throughout the past 5 years. His infectious positive attitude towards both work and life was and always will be appreciated. Dr. Kenneth Byrne and Dr. Mogens Nielsen for accepting to examine this thesis, all the CréBeo team for advice, corrections of the report and Dr. Olaf Schmidt (also) for verification of the earthworm identification, Dr. Siobhán Jordan and her team for elemental analyses, Maria Long and Emma Glanville (NPWS) for advice, Catherine Elder for all her support, including fieldwork and proof reading, Dr. Patricia O’Flaherty and John O’Donovan for help with the proof reading, Robert Hutchinson for his help with the freeze-drying, and last but not least all the staff and postgraduate students of the Department of Life Sciences for their contribution to my work. Ich möchte mich bedanken bei: Katrin Wagner für ihre Hilfe im Labor, sowie ihre Worte der Motivation.
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Biology, Dispersal, and Management of the House Fly and Related Flies for Farmers, Municipalities, and Public Health Offi Cials 3
    The Fly Management Handbook A Guide to Biology, Dispersal, Connecticut and Management of the House Agricultural Fly and Related Flies for Experiment Farmers, Municipalities, and Station, Public Health Offi cials New Haven Bulletin 1013 KIRBY C. STAFFORD III, PH.D. Vice Director, State Entomologist May 2008 The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station New Haven, CT 06504 GENERAL ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Thanks are given to Joyce Meader, Connecticut Cooperative Extension Service, Dr. Bruce Sherman, Connecticut Department of Agriculture, Patricia M. Beckenhaupt, Director of Health of the Northeast District Department of Health, and Dr. Louis A. Magnarelli, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station (CAES), for reviewing the handbook. Their comments and suggestions were sincerely appreciated. I extend a particular thank you to James Rock (emeritus), Connecticut Cooperative Extension Service, for his considerable input and support. Thanks are also extended to Rose Bonito (CAES) for scanning illustrations and pictures and Vickie Bomba-Lewandoski (CAES) for publication and printing assistance. Much of the material on cluster flies is from a CAES fact sheet by Gale E. Ridge (available on the CAES website, www.ct.gov/caes). Thank you, Gale. Several portions on poultry IPM are based on Special Circular 338, Poultry Pest Management for Pennsylvania and the Northeast (1986), by Kirby C. Stafford III and Clarence A. Collison. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FOR FIGURES Most sources for the pictures and illustrations are noted in the figure captions. Requests for use of photographs and illustrations by the author or CAES may be directed to the author. Permission to use any other material must be obtained from the original source. The historical 1916 illustration of the unsanitary conditions in the introduction is from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Public Health Image Library (8264); the stable fly and green-bottle fly in Figure 6 and 8, respectively, are from United States Department of Agriculture Farmer’s Bulletin 1408.
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropod Communities in Urban Agricultural Production Systems Under Different Irrigation Sources in the Northern Region of Ghana
    insects Article Arthropod Communities in Urban Agricultural Production Systems under Different Irrigation Sources in the Northern Region of Ghana Louis Amprako 1, Kathrin Stenchly 1,2,3 , Martin Wiehle 1,4,5,* , George Nyarko 6 and Andreas Buerkert 1 1 Organic Plant Production and Agroecosystems Research in the Tropics and Subtropics (OPATS), University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany; [email protected] (L.A.); [email protected] (K.S.); [email protected] (A.B.) 2 Competence Centre for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation (CliMA), University of Kassel, Kurt-Schumacher-Straße 25, D-34117 Kassel, Germany 3 Grassland Science and Renewable Plant Resources (GNR), University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany 4 Tropenzentrum-Centre for International Rural Development, University of Kassel, Steinstrasse 19, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany 5 International Center for Development and Decent Work, University of Kassel, Kleine Rosenstrasse 1-3, D-34109 Kassel, Germany 6 Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University for Development Studies (UDS), P.O. Box TL 1882, Tamale, Ghana; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 31 May 2020; Accepted: 27 July 2020; Published: 1 August 2020 Abstract: Urban and peri-urban agricultural (UPA) production systems in West African countries do not only mitigate food and financial insecurity, they may also foster biodiversity of arthropods and partly compensate for structural losses of natural environments. However, management practices in UPA systems like irrigation may also contribute to disturbances in arthropod ecology. To fill knowledge gaps in the relationships between UPA management and arthropod populations, we compared arthropods species across different irrigation sources in Tamale.
    [Show full text]
  • Synanthropes
    Ozymandias I met a traveller from an antique land Who said: `Two vast and trunkless legs of stone Stand in the desert. Near them, on the sand, Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown, And wrinkled lip, and sneer of cold command, Tell that its sculptor well those passions read Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things, The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed. And on the pedestal these words appear -- "My name is Ozymandias, king of kings: Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!" Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare The lone and level sands stretch far away.' --Percy Bysshe Shelley Synanthropes Syn-an-thrope. Noun. \’sin-ən-thrōp\ 1. A creature which has evolved to survive in ecological niches created by humans (Ex.: Rats, cockroaches, crows, raccoons, cane toads, house geckos). 2. Any of the various creatures commonly considered to be pests or vermin (Ex.: Rats, cockroaches, crows, raccoons, cane toads, house geckos). 3. An animal which is just a little too human for its own good. This game is copyright 2013 by Ed Turner and Thought Check Games. NPCs now have simple rulesets, to accommodate simple NPCs. Icons made by Lorc. Available on http://game-icons.net Player Characters now have Careers outside of anthropology, which benefit Inspiration credit where it’s due: Jake Richmond’s Ocean for a lot about the team as a whole. Clues, Vincent Baker’s Apocalypse World for a lot about character design and the I talk about Synanthrope fashion a bit.
    [Show full text]
  • Pervasive Captivity and Urban Wildlife
    Ethics, Policy & Environment ISSN: (Print) (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cepe21 Pervasive captivity and urban wildlife Nicolas Delon To cite this article: Nicolas Delon (2020): Pervasive captivity and urban wildlife, Ethics, Policy & Environment, DOI: 10.1080/21550085.2020.1848173 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/21550085.2020.1848173 Accepted author version posted online: 06 Nov 2020. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cepe21 Publisher: Taylor & Francis & Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group Journal: Ethics, Policy & Environment DOI: 10.1080/21550085.2020.1848173 Pervasive captivity and urban wildlife Nicolas Delon [email protected] New College of Florida Division of Humanities Assistant Professor of Philosophy & Environmental Studies 5800 Bay Shore Rd Sarasota, FL 34243 Abstract. Urban animals can benefit from living in cities, but this also makes them vulnerable as they increasingly depend on the advantages of urban life. This article has two aims. First, I provide a detailed analysis of the concept of captivity and explain why it matters to nonhuman animals—because and insofar as many of them have a (non-substitutable) interest in freedom. Second, I defend a surprising implication of the account—pushing the boundaries of the concept while the boundaries of cities and human activities expand. I argue for the existence of the neglected problem of pervasive captivity, of which urban wildlife is an illustration. Many urban animals are confined, controlled and dependent, therefore often captive of expanding urban areas.
    [Show full text]
  • WILDLIFE in the CITY ADAPTING the URBAN FABRIC to MEDIATE the RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANIMALS and HUMANS by ANA CORDERO
    WILDLIFE IN THE CITY ADAPTING THE URBAN FABRIC TO MEDIATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANIMALS AND HUMANS by ANA CORDERO 1 WILDLIFE IN THE CITY ADAPTING THE URBAN FABRIC TO MEDIATE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANIMALS AND HUMANS by ANA CORDERO chair BRADLEY WALTERS co-chair STEPHEN BELTON A thesis presented to the University of Florida in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Architecture Gainesville, Florida, USA, 2018 2 3 BREAKDOWN 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 8 URBAN GROWTH AS A CATALYST 16 UNPACKING THE WILDLIFE THROUGH A TOOLKIT 34 DEVELOPING A RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CHOSEN CONTEXT 40 REINTERPRETING CONCEPTS AS A MEANS OF DISCOVERING RELATIONSHIPS 58 CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS 76 VISUALIZING IDEAS WITHIN A FRAGMENT OF MANY 94 RECOGNIZING THE FRAGMENTS THAT CREATE THE NETWORK 100 WORKS CITED 102 IMAGES CITED 4 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS At the beginning of this journey, the only thing that I was sure about was my desire to develop a project around the subject of animals. Throughout my life I have had the op- portunity to be surrounded by different types of animals, whether it was at my Grandpar- ent’s farm in Costa Rica or in my own home with my amazing dog Pluma. I want to thank my family; my mom for teaching me compassion for animals and showing me that a little bit of love for them can go a long way, and especially for supporting me every step of the way and giving me advice no matter in what direction my dreams were headed. To Di- ego, my inspiring role model of a father, for always putting aside time to help me through the difficulties that I encountered in academia or in my life.
    [Show full text]
  • 4. Bezobratlí
    4. BEZOBRATLÍ EEncyklopedieNDFF.inddncyklopedieNDFF.indd 199199 110/25/060/25/06 12:57:5212:57:52 PMPM 200 BEZOBRATLÍ ŽAHAVCI 4.1 CNIDARIA – ŽAHAVCI CNIDARIA – ŽAHAVCI na světě či v Evropě byl zkompilován několikrát mezi 30. a 80. léty 20. století4, 20, 28, kvalitní souhrn údajů z posledních desetiletí k dis- Žahavci jsou zastoupeni v české fauně pouze dvěma řády třídy po- pozici bohužel není. lypovci (Hydrozoa): Hydroida s pěti druhy nezmarů a Limnomedusae, Rozšíření v ČR První nález medúzky sladkovodní v ČR pochází kam patří jediný nepůvodní druh žahavce u nás, medúzka sladko- z roku 1930 z Vltavy v okolí Prahy a dále po proudu (až po Mělník, vodní (Craspedacusta sowerbii). Vzhledem k tomu, že na evrop- kv. 5952–5652). Právě studium vltavské populace umožnilo vznik ském kontinentě je jediným sladkovodním druhem žahavce tvořícím 4. detailní monografi e o tomto druhu od E. Dejdara4. Populace pravdě- medúzová stádia, je v našich vodách zcela nezaměnitelná. podobně postupně zanikla po výstavbě vltavské kaskády a trvalém Medúzka sladkovodní je u nás populárním živočichem již od 30. let ochlazení vltavské vody. Ze 30. letech 20. století pochází také něko- 20. století, kdy byla poprvé v Čechách ve Vltavě pozorována1, lik nálezů z akvárií v Brně a Praze4. a vzhledem k tomu, že se jedná v současnosti o téměř kosmopolit- Další dokladované nálezy medúzky z volné přírody v ČR pocházejí ního živočicha2, 3, ani řada biologů si není vědoma toho, že se jedná z Ostravy (kv. 6175)17, v jejímž okolí bylo pravděpodobně již na přelo- o nepůvodní druh. Ve skutečnosti se však rozšířila po světě ze své mu 50.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Problems of Agrarian Industry in Ukraine
    CURRENT PROBLEMS OF AGRARIAN INDUSTRY IN UKRAINE Accent Graphics Communications & Publishing Vancouver 2019 Reviewers: Gritsan Y. I. – Doctor of Science (Biology), Professor of the Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University; Lykholat Y. V. – Doctor of Science (Biology), Professor, Head of the Department of Physiology and Introduction of Plants, Oles Honchar Dnipro National University. Skliarov P. M. – Doctor of Science (Veterinary medicine), Professor of the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics of Farm Animals, Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University Approved by the Academic Council of Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (protocol № 9 from 27.06.2019) Current problems of agrarian industry in Ukraine. Accent Graphics Communications & Publishing, Vancouver, Canada, 2019. – 228 p. ISBN 978-1-77192-487-0 DOI: http://doi.org/10.29013/NMZazharska.CPAIU.228.2019 The monograph is presented in four parts. The first part is devoted to the experimental and theoretical substantiation of the criteria for safety and quality assessment of goat's milk. Parameters of subclinical mastitis in goats, comparison of methods efficiency for determination of somatic cell count in goat milk, moni- toring studies of goat’s and cow’s milk in France and Ukraine, effect of exogenous and endogenous factors on the quality and safety of goat milk are described. The second and third parts are devoted to Coleoptera pests of stored food supplies and field crops. The forth part includes characteristics of Poaceae family members in the steppe zone of Ukraine as the main objects of farm animals feeding. Ecological characteristics of the species according to the Belgard Ekomorph System and their geographical analysis were presented.
    [Show full text]
  • B Is for Bug, O Is for Oikos: a Partial Dictionary of Household Arthropods
    B is for Bug, O is for Oikos: A Partial Dictionary of Household Arthropods By Madeleine Lavin Supervised by Catriona Sandilands A Major Paper submitted to the Faculty of Environmental Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Environmental Studies York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada April 5, 2019 Abstract Arthropods are the most numerous and diverse group of animals on the planet. This work seeks to explore the relations between humans and arthropods within the context of modern, North American homes. The unknown, sometimes undiscovered, or simply overlooked landscapes of human households provides a rich environment in which to explore the lives of arthropods that can offer different, and often humbling, perspectives to humanity. The species I explore are (for the most part) those that have cosmopolitan distributions and have specific adaptations that allow them to live alongside us in our dwelling spaces, our oikos. I reconceptualise human households as a multispecies assemblage, which serves as both a metaphor and a map for my explorations of the situated human-arthropod relations in this environment. I draw on a materialist approach that considers the intra- and interactions between human and nonhuman animals, plants, objects, and other things within human households. Interest in the investigation of human homes from the perspective of the natural and biological sciences has grown in recent years: I pair the scientific study of indoor arthropods with a phenomenological exploration of the lifeworlds of these creatures in order to discover why it is that these organisms make their homes alongside ours; raising the question of who is what to whom? In so doing, I also challenge the notion of what it means to be a pest by looking at the evolution and ecological roles of arthropods alongside human cultural perspectives and histories that make up what we know or think we know about these creatures.
    [Show full text]
  • Open for Competition: Domesticates, Parasitic Domesticoids and the Agricultural Niche
    Fuller, D Q and Stevens, C J 2017 Open for Competition: Domesticates, Parasitic Domesticoids and the Agricultural Niche. Archaeology International, No. 20: pp. 110–121, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/ai-359 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open for Competition: Domesticates, Parasitic Domesticoids and the Agricultural Niche Dorian Q. Fuller and Chris J. Stevens This paper explores the relationship of weeds and crop parasites in the domestication of crop-plants within the Old World, drawing predominately on China and the Near East. This relationship is explored using the concept of niche construction in which the act of cultivation sets about chains of feedback in which the ecological worlds of plants and humans became increasingly intertwined resulting in ever increasing spheres of interdependence. Into this domestication entanglement a number of peripheral organisms (termed parasitic domesticoids) were drawn, from the weeds which came to inhabit arable fields, to the insect pests and rodents that came to settle in the grain stores of the first farmers. The evolution and spread of these organisms is then outlined against that of the crop itself. Introduction There is no doubt that the suite of human and population increase, whereas domesti- activities involved in cultivation created coids are parasitic in that they prosper at the environments that would not otherwise expense of domesticates and humans. These exist, and non-human organisms have categories are not necessarily fixed for all adapted to these environments. The adapted, time, as crops can become weeds and vice- co-evolved organisms include domesticated versa some weeds have become crops. These plants (true domesticates) as well as what we categories can be applied beyond the plants will refer to as domesticoids, comprising taxa in the field, in that other organisms, such that tagged along becoming also increas- as rodents and insects can be considered ingly part of the cultivated environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Lesser Sundas Tour Report 2017
    LESSER SUNDAS TOUR REPORT 2017 2nd – 19th JULY 2017 TOUR HIGHLIGHTS Either for rarity value, excellent views or simply a group favourite. • Orange-footed Scrubfowl • Marigold Lorikeet • Flores Hawk-Eagle • Elegant Pitta • Spotted Harrier • Sumba Myzomela • Sumba Buttonquail • Rote Myzomela • Javan Plover • Timor Friarbird • Black-fronted Dotterel • Flores Minivet • Australian Pratincole • Bare-throated Whistler • Wedge-tailed Shearwater • Trumpeting Fantail • Sumba Green-Pigeon • Flores Monarch • Black-backed Fruit Dove • Russet-capped Tesia • Red-naped Fruit Dove • Timor Stubtail • Pink-headed Imperial Pigeon • Rote Leaf Warbler • Eastern Barn Owl • Timor Heleia • Flores Scops Owl • Chestnut-capped Thrush • Rote Boobook • Chestnut-backed Thrush • Little Sumba Boobook • Orange-banded Thrush • Mees’s Nightjar • Timor Warbling-Flycatcher • Glittering Kingfisher • Black-banded Flycatcher • Cinnamon-banded Kingfisher • White-bellied Bushchat • Sumba Hornbill • Timor Flowerpecker • Citron-crested Cockatoo • Flame-breasted Sunbird • Jonquil Parrot • Timor Sparrow • Iris Lorikeet • Komodo Dragon SUMMARY: Once again our Lesser Sundas tour provided a fantastic opportunity to see over 90 Indonesian endemics, including some of the most localized and range-restricted species on the planet. Our tour commenced on Sumba where we pretty much cleaned up on all of the endemics including great looks at Little Sumba Boobook, Mees’s Nightjar, Sumba Hornbill, Sumba Myzomela and others. Next up was Rote Island where we saw Rote Boobook, Rote Myzomela and the distinctive Rote Leaf-Warbler, plus a number of other ‘Timor’ endemics as well. Back on Timor we nailed Timor Boobook, Black-banded Flycatcher and Orange-banded Thrush before setting off to the beautiful island of Flores. Our attempts at Flores Scops-Owl proved rather fruitful with point-blank views that none of us will ever forget, and there was also Flores Hawk-Eagle, more Elegant Pittas, and the dawn chorus of Bare-throated Whistlers just has to be experienced.
    [Show full text]