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Ancientchristian009983mbp.Pdf v* 7 5 Ancient Christian writers 5 the 281.1 A 54 v. 7 5^-58538 Ancient Christian writers; tne works of the Fathers .In trans- lation. Keep Your Card in This Pocket Books will be issued only on presentation of proper cards. library Unless labeled otherwise, books may be retained for two weeks. Borrowers finding books marked, de- faced or mutilated are expected to report same at library desk; otherwise the last borrower will be held responsible for all imperfections discovered. The card holder is responsible for all books drawn on this card. Penalty for over-due books 2c a day plus cost of notices. Lost cards and change of residence must be re- ported promptly. Public Library Kansas City, Mo. ARNOBIUS OF SICCA THE CASE AGAINST THE PAGANS ADVERSUS NATIONES ANCIENT CHRISTIAN WRITERS THE WORKS OF THE FATHERS IN TRANSLATION EDITED BY JOHANNES QUASTEN, S. T, D, JOSEPH C. PLUMPE, PH.D. Professor of Ancient Church History Associate Professor of New Testament and Christian Archaeology Greek and Ecclesiastical Latin The Catholic University of America Washington, D, C, No. 7 THE NEWMAN PRESS WESTMINSTER, MABYtANB 1949 ARNOBIUS OF SICCA THE CASE AGAINST THE PAGANS NEWLY TRANSLATED AND ANNOTATED BY GEORGE E. MoCRACKEN, PH.D, F.A.A.R. Professor of Classics Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa VOLUME ONE INTRODUCTION, BOOKS ONE -THREE THE NEWMAN PRESS WESTMINSTER, MARYLAND 1949 Nihil obstat: JOHANNES QUASTEN, S, T. D. Censor Deputatus Imprimatur: PATRICIUS A. O'BOYLE, D. D. Arcliie-piscopus Washingtonensis die 12 Fetruarii 1949 COPYRIGHT 1949 BY REV, JOHANNES QUASTEN, S. T, D* AND RBV. JOSEPH C, PLUMPE, PH. D. JPRXNTBD JN TUB UNfTBD STATES OF AMERICA ST J, H. FimST COMPANY, BALTIMOEB, MARTtAND CONTENTS VOLUME ONE PAGE SAINT JEROME'S TESTIMONIES ON ARNOBIUS 2 INTRODUCTION 3 TEXT 58 BOOK ONE: PAGAN SLANDERS OF THE CHRIS- TIANS REFUTED 58 BOOK Two: ATTACK ON PHILOSOPHY: THE MORTALITY OF THE SOUL 114 BOOK THREE: PAGAN GODS ARE REALLY AN- THROPOMORPHIC 192 NOTES . 229 INTRODUCTION 231 BOOK ONE 268 BOOK Two 301 BOOK THREE 348 (Index in Vol. 2) ARNOBIUS OF SICCA THE CASE AGAINST THE PAGANS SAINT JEROME'S TESTIMONIES ON ARNOBILIS De viris illustrious 79: In the reign of Diocletian Arnobius taught rhetoric most successfully at Sicca in Africa and wrote the books Adversus gentes which are commonly available. Chronicon (326-7 A. D.)- Arnobius enjoys great repute as a rhetorician in Africa. While he was giving instruction in oratory to the youth of Sicca and was yet a pagan., he was drawn as the result of dreams to belief in Christianity. Failing, however, to obtain from the bishop acceptance into the faith which he had hitherto always attacked, he gave all his efforts to the composition of most splendid books against his former religion; and with these as so many pledges of his loyalty, he at last obtained the desired affiliation. Epistula 70 (ad Magnum') 5: Arnobius published seven books Adversus gentes and his pupil Lactantius the same number, De viris illustribus 80 : ... Firmianus, who is also called Lactantius, Arnobius* pupil, in the reign of Diocletian .... Epistula 58 {ad Paulinum) 10: Arnobius is uneven and prolix and without clear divisions in his work, resulting in confusion. Epistula 6^ (ad Tranquillinum*) 2: I think Origen ought at times to be read for his learning, in the same manner that we treat Tcrtul- lian and Novatus, Arnobius and Apollinarius, and a number of ecclesiastical writers both Greek and Latin: we should choose out the good in them and shun what is contrary. INTRODUCTION In these two volumes we present in a new English dress is in the remarkable what many ways most patristic document now extant, the seven books of Arnobius Adversus nationes, the last surviving apology composed before the end of the 1 2 persecutions. Written from the point of view of a layman not yet perfectly instructed concerning the nature of the Christian faith, this surprising work is now of primary interest because it affords us an opportunity to study the psychology of an eccentric personality who, though living at a critical moment in history, nevertheless seems to have been relatively unaffected by his times. Despite the fact that the learning of Arnobius is impressive 3 to many, negative judgments are more frequently found. " Indeed, one scholar of first rank speaks of him as misin- formed, virulent, and to us tolerant moderns, somewhat re- 4 " pulsive." Another asserts that the semi-philosophical, semi-religious discussions of the partially-instructed Christian . (are) . only the elegant refutation of an already dying 5 system, and a rhetorical statement of Christian truth, both 7 8 incomplete and imperfectly apprehended." Still another " " maintains that Arnobius is not a systematic but a popular * philosopher, while a fourth condemns him as neither a clear thinker nor a skillful writer who made no deep study. Finally, 10 the book itself is, in the words of a great German scholar, " " a most infamous pamphlet wliich compromised the Chris- tian faith more than it helped. While there is more than a grain of truth in all these severe 4 ARNOBIUS: THE CASE AGAINST THE PAGANS strictures, taken alone they are hardly fair to Arnobius who 11 in modern times has suffered much from undeserved neglect. Indeed, thus far the only first-rate study giving a favorable is a book opinion on Arnobius' theological importance by 12 Adversus Rapisarda published as recently as I945- The nationes has hitherto been translated into our tongue but once 13 and that as long ago as iS/i. Though our writer bristles with obscure allusions and unresolved problems which cry hitherto to for ex- aloud for exegesis, we have had depend tended commentaries upon one German and a few Latin 14 editions, the last of which appeared more than a century ago. Actually, the treatise has much of value for us today. 15 Usually classified among the apologies because it contains a vigorous defense of Christianity from slanderous charges brought by pagan opponents, it is, as a matter of fact, the most intense and the most sustained of all extant counterattacks 10 upon the contemporary pagan cults. When its testimony upon such matters is subjected to critical control, this fact makes it a mine of great richness for our knowledge of the religion which Christianity supplanted in the fourth cen- 17 of tury. Indeed, the chief phase that worship which Arno- bius neglects to discuss is the cult of the emperors, an omis- 18 sion for which no convincing explanation has been offered. Modern neglect of our author, however, has merely paral- leled the example of antiquity, for only one ancient ivriter, St. Jerome, who mentions him six times, tells us anything about Arnobius. Of these six testimonies, which are given in full 10 on page 2, four are biographical; the two which deal with his style and content will be examined later* The data contained in the four biographical testimonies are not wholly consistent, nor are they in complete harmony with internal evidence to be found in the text of the Adversus INTRODUCTION 5 nationes as it has come down to us, yet no scholar now seriously entertains doubt that Jerome is referring to the treatise with which we are dealing. There was, of course, another ancient writer of the same name, even more obscure, " " called Arnobius the Younger to distinguish him from our 20 man, yet sometimes confused with him; but since the 21 younger Arnobius lived in the middle of the fifth century, Jerome cannot have known of him and in any case the state- ments quoted do not fit his work at all. ' ' Jerome is doubtless right in giving the name as Arnobius but the manuscript on which we uniquely rely for our of the text Parisinus knowledge (codex 1661) regularly spells ' 22 it Arnovius/ This, however, is only an apparent dis- to as of crepancy, be easily explained the result confusion, frequent in this manuscript, of the sounds of fc and v in Late Latin. a Etymologically, the name shows affinity with num- 23 ber of Greek personal names, but we cannot therefore con- clude that Arnobius was himself of Greek origin, though he 24 may have been. So far as we know, he had no other name, a fact which may argue that he was indeed Greek in race. Note that in both instances where Jerome mentions the * ' title, he gives it as Adversus gentes while the evidence from 25 ( the manuscript shows it to be Adversus nationes.' While " the both may be translated identically as Against Pagans/' the witness of the manuscript has been generally thought better by more-recent scholars, since it is easier to understand how Jerome, perhaps citing from memory, could employ for than to gentes, a more or less precise synonym nationes, 26 explain how a copyist could make the reverse substitution, We should not, however, support this choice by alluding to the Ad nationes of Tertullian for, if Arnobius was consciously used either influenced by Tertullian's title, he might have 6 AKNOBIUS: THE CASE AGAINST THE PAGANS verbal are noun with equal propriety. These discrepancies seen, therefore, to be of no particular significance. was a rheto- That Jerome is right in stating that Arnobius rician, no one who has read the Adversus nationes would ever of shall at doubt, since the style, which we presently speak of greater length, bears all the earmarks of the practitioner occasional that profession. Moreover, although there are passages which appear to treat rhetoric with some disdain, there are also instances in which the author's interest in that 27 28 subject is ill-concealed.
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