DOCSLIB.ORG

2020 in Brief Annual and Sustainability Report Our Journey Towards a Carbon-Free Future

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
2020 in Brief Annual and Sustainability Report Our Journey Towards a Carbon-Free Future 2020 IN BRIEF ANNUAL AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT OUR JOURNEY TOWARDS A CARBON-FREE FUTURE -84% -14% 2027 Carbon emissions Steel produced with LKAB’s Industrial park for reduced by 84 percent pellets contributes to 14 percent extracting critical minerals from 1960 to today’s lower carbon emissions than from mining waste pellet production the European average CO2 2020 2030 The first iron ore producer LKAB adopts new strategy First industrialised sponge to measure and report its to achieve carbon-free iron plant in production carbon footprint processes and products CONTENTS The year in brief 4 Comments by the President and CEO 6 Objectives for sustainable development 10 Strategy for the LKAB of the future 12 LKAB’s contribution to Agenda 2030 14 This is a summary of the Swedish version of LKAB’s Annual and Sustainability Report, which is available at lkab.com. The complete English version will be published on 22 April 2021. OUR JOURNEY TOWARDS A CARBON-FREE FUTURE The world is facing a challenge caused 2035 by emissions that have characterised New global standard development in recent decades. The iron for mining operations and steel industry accounts for one – carbon-free, digitalised quarter of total industrial carbon dioxide and autonomous emissions worldwide. At the same time, 2045+ demand for steel is expected to increase LKAB’s processes and by almost 50 percent by 2050. products carbon-free We provide the world with tomorrow’s resources and are setting a new world standard for the iron and steel industry of the future. Through consideration for the environment, the highest business ethics, digitalisation and innovation power, LKAB will assume a leading role in the transformation of our own industry, and over time, create conditions for a sustainable future. We contribute to vibrant communities with growth and prosperity today and for coming generations. LKAB IN BRIEF 2020 3 THE YEAR IN BRIEF 2020 IN BRIEF OVERVIEW AND KEY FINANCIAL RATIOS NON-FINANCIAL KEY RATIOS 2020 2019 2020 2019 2020 2019 Net sales, MSEK 33,914 31,260 Capital expenditure on property, Carbon dioxide emissions, plant and equipment, MSEK 2,763 2,373 kg per tonne of product 25.0 25.8 Operating profit, MSEK 11,654 11,788 Operating cash flow, MSEK 6,038 6,981 Energy intensity, Costs for urban transformation kWh per tonne of product 1593 158 provisions, MSEK -1,396 -1,441 Return on equity, % 20.8 24.2 Accident rate 6.3 6.8 Net financial income/expense, Net debt/equity ratio, % -3.0 -0.91 MSEK 797 1,136 Number of permanent Dividend to owner2, MSEK 5,850 6,104 employees at year-end 4,555 4,349 Profit/loss before tax, MSEK 12,452 12,924 Percentage of women among Profit/loss for the year, MSEK 9,757 10,173 permanent employees, % 24.7 23.8 1 Calculation of the net debt/equity ratio was changed in 2020. Note 42 in the Annual and Sustainability Report for 2020. 2 The dividend proposed by the Board of Directors will be put to the Annual General Meeting for approval on 22 April 2021. 3 Energy intensity for 2020 has been updated since the Year-End Report for 2020. NET SALES AND OPERATING PROFIT MSEK MSEK 35,000 30,000 25,000 33,914 20,000 Net sales (+8%) 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 -5,000 Net sales Net sales 2020 -10,000 MSEK 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Operating profit/loss 11,654 Operating profit (-1%) KEY EVENTS IN 2020 • New long-term strategy to achieve • The world’s first pilot facility for production carbon-free processes and products by of fossil-free sponge iron was commis- 2045 presented, including transitioning sioned as part of the HYBRIT initiative. to become a producer of carbon-free • LKAB expanded its ambition where sponge iron in the future. technology for extracting mining waste 28.5 Mt • The coronavirus pandemic called for is being developed to include the produc- Delivered iron ore flexibility in the operations, which were tion of inputs, such as hydrogen, and products (+14%) mainly affected by a slowdown in the electrified processes, which could European steel industry and the need eliminate carbon emissions from the to extend maintenance shutdowns. process almost entirely. • A seismic event on 18 May caused • LKAB actively supported local businesses extensive damage in the Kiruna mine. in Kiruna and Gällivare in connection with Nobody was injured, but production Covid-19 and LKAB Fastigheter halved of crushed ore from the mine was rents for commercial tenants. 27.1 Mt affected during the rest of the year. • New Group structure with two business Produced iron ore • Kiruna Municipality passed the required areas from the beginning of 2020: Iron products (-1%) amendment of the zoning plan for area Ore and Special Products. 2:4 in Mine City Park 2 after LKAB had requested that the government intervene. 4 THE YEAR IN BRIEF IRON ORE BUSINESS AREA 92% The Iron Ore business area mines and upgrades iron ore to produce climate-efficient products that Share of are transported to customers in the steel industry. The business area includes mines and processing net sales plants in Kiruna, Svappavaara and Malmberget, as well as rail freight services and ports in Narvik and Luleå. SALES BY REGION SALES BY PRODUCT AREA Percentage of sales (MSEK) Percentage of sales of iron ore products (MSEK) % % Europe ................................ 55 Pellets ................................ 87 Middle East Fines ................................... 11 and North Africa.............. 23 Other ......................................2 Rest of World (including Turkey) ........... 22 SPECIAL PRODUCTS BUSINESS AREA 8% The Special Products business area develops products and services for markets involving industrial Share of minerals, water-powered drilling technology, engineering services and mining and construction contracts. net sales The business area is also a strategic supplier within the Group. SALES BY REGION SALES BY PRODUCT AREA AND SERVICE AREA Percentage of sales (MSEK) Percentage of sales (MSEK) % % Europe .........................................66 Magnetite ...................................29 Rest of World.............................34 Mineral sands ...........................19 Mining and construction services ...............9 Other industrial minerals ......43 LKAB IN BRIEF 2020 5 COMMENTS BY THE PRESIDENT AND CEO A CLEAR WAY FORWARD 2020 was a strong year for LKAB. Despite the challenges that the year brought, we achieved both high volumes and strong earnings. We have also established the direction we will take to secure the operations beyond 2060, something which also means we are taking on a leading role in the transformation of our industry. Global challenges on the agenda One major focus during the corona pandemic The transformation Around the world the year has been has been to minimise the spread of the marked by Covid-19 and the challenges virus locally. This made demands of our will allow us to bear that the pandemic has brought at all levels employees and our organisation, and I am of society. LKAB was no exception, even humbly impressed by how this has been the investments though the overall effect was considerably managed. Measures included extending less for us than for many others. maintenance shutdowns to minimise the required to mine iron Steelmakers in our primary market of number of people in the workplaces, which ore competitively Europe were impacted by restrictions affected production volumes somewhat. on production as parts of society were deeper in our mines locked down, resulting in a general slowing Climate transition creates opportunities of demand. At the same time, steel The iron and steel industry accounts for and to create a future production in China continued to increase seven percent of global carbon emissions. and thus also demand for iron ore. Thanks LKAB’s total carbon emissions are for our operations to intensive work from the sales organisa- currently around 700,000 tonnes, which beyond 2060. tion, LKAB was able to redirect the volumes represents four percent of all emissions from our traditional markets to a market from Swedish industry and makes us the in growth. fourth largest source of emissions in Sweden. 6 LKAB IN BRIEF 2020 COMMENTS BY THE PRESIDENT AND CEO We can make a significant difference by despite the fact that volumes were affected transforming our operations. Our strategy by measures to minimise virus spread. for the future sets out the path towards Production of crushed ore was also affected zero carbon emissions from our own by a substantial seismic event in the Kiruna processes and products by 2045. Among mine in May. Nobody was injured and some other things, this is dependent on develop- production was able to resume relatively SEK 6.0 bn ing a new world standard for mining quickly. However, extensive repair work came Operating cash flow in 2020 operations of the future. Through digitalisa- to be required and production was affected tion, automation, electrification and new for the rest of the year. At the end of the ways of working we will secure efficient, year the mine was operating at around 80 profitable and carbon-free mine production. percent of capacity. By redirecting crushed For future processing we are planning ore from our open-pit mine Leveäniemi, SEK 11.7 bn a gradual transition from iron ore pellets however, the processing plants were able Operating profit in 2020 to carbon-free sponge iron produced using to continue running at full capacity. new hydrogen-based technology. This will Despite the coronavirus pandemic, the increase the value of our products and at average global spot price for iron ore rose the same time give our customers direct to USD 109/tonne, an increase of 17 percent access to carbon-free iron for steelmaking. compared with the previous year. At the end Finally, we are broadening LKAB’s business of the year the spot price was USD 159/ and increasing our contribution to a circular tonne.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Year-End Report 2019: Strong Earnings in an Uncertain Market
    PRESS RELEASE Attachments: Date: 1 (3) 11/02/2020 Contact: Bo Krogvig, Senior Vice President Communications and Climate, LKAB Telephone: +46 (0)8 429 3445 Email: [email protected] Year-end report 2019: Strong earnings in an uncertain market Stable production and favourable market conditions enabled LKAB to increase its operating profit both for the quarter and for the full year, this despite lower delivery volumes. The market remains uncertain, however. Sales for full-year 2019 increased to MSEK 31,260 (25,892) and operating profit strengthened to MSEK 11,788 (6,869), an increase of 72 percent. The improved earnings are mainly due to higher iron ore prices and a stronger dollar exchange rate. Lower sales had an adverse effect. Operating cash flow for the full year increased to MSEK 6,981 (3,386). The improvement is mainly due to the increase in profits and to lower levels of capital expenditure. Higher expenditure on urban transformation had a negative impact. Profit for the year amounted to MSEK 10,173 (5,274) and the Board is proposing to the Annual General Meeting an ordinary dividend amounting to MSEK 6,104 (3,164). For the fourth quarter sales increased to MSEK 6,947 (6,911) and operating profit increased to MSEK 2,047 (1,900). The improved earnings are mainly a result of a stronger dollar exchange rate and lower costs for urban transformation provisions. Lower prices for highly upgraded iron ore products and lower delivery volumes during the quarter had an adverse effect. “I am pleased that we are delivering strong earnings despite an uncertain market and despite making significant investments in both the ongoing urban transformation and our projects for the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report and Sustainability Report
    ANNUAL REPORT AND LKAB SUSTAINABILITY REPORT ANNUAL REPORT AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT AND SUSTAINABILITY ANNUAL REPORT CONTENTS Events in brief 2 The LKAB Manifesto 3 Overview of the past year 4 President’s report 6 Group strategies 9 LKAB 2009 11 Economic trends, market 13 Steel demands iron ore 16 International trade 17 The iron ore mines 18 Prospecting, ore reserves 19 From iron ore to pellets 20 Production 2009 21 Research and development 22 Human resources 23 Investments 24 The industrial minerals business 25 Subsidiaries 26 2009 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 27 Stakeholders and sustainability issues 28 Value creation 29 Control of sustainability activities 30 Urban transformation 31 Environment 34 Co-workers 44 Involvement in local communities 49 About LKAB’s Sustainability Report for 2009 106 GRI index 106 Auditors’ statement of assurance 108 CORPORATE GOVERNANCE REPORT 50 Board of Directors and Group Management 55 FINANCE 58 Group overview 58 Contents, financial statements 59 Report of the Directors 60 Financial reports and notes 68 LKAB, BOX 952, SE-971 28 LULEÅ, SWEDEN Proposed disposition of unappropriated earnings 104 www.lkab.com Auditors’ Report 105 Glossary 109 Addresses 110 Annual General Meeting 20092009 and financial information 111 ANNUAL REPORT AND LKAB SUSTAINABILITY REPORT ANNUAL REPORT AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT AND SUSTAINABILITY ANNUAL REPORT CONTENTS Events in brief 2 The LKAB Manifesto 3 Overview of the past year 4 President’s report 6 Group strategies 9 LKAB 2009 11 Economic trends, market 13 Steel demands iron ore 16
    [Show full text]
  • LKAB Is Looking for Talented Engineers in Mining
    LKAB is looking for talented Engineers in Mining LKAB is currently engaged in an important process to increase production, develop and streamline the existing production systems in our mines, and design new smart and fossil-free mining systems below our current main levels in our underground mines in Kiruna and Malmberget. These great challenges and opportunities will require additional talented mining engineers. Therefore, we are looking for mining engineers that are interested in being part of our journey towards the future, and are interested in technical development, innovation, and research in mining, with a focus on mine design, mining methods, rock mechanics, autonomous mining and underground logistics. Your qualifications All positions require a strong interest in identifying and overcoming the challenges that will be faced when mining below the present mining system. Qualities fundamental to these jobs are a passion for technology and problem-solving, a strong interest in suggesting and testing new solutions, and good analytical abilities. You enjoy teamwork and have good communication skills, and are interested in creating an international network of contacts. You hold a MSc or a PhD in one of the following areas: • mine design • mining methods • rock mechanics • geotechnical numerical analysis • mine seismology • autonomous mining • mining systems or • underground logistics Industrial experience is of great importance but all candidates will be considered. Those with similar backgrounds are also welcome to apply for one of the positions. You will be based in the city of Kiruna or Gällivare, close to the mining operations. Kiruna and Gällivare are situated in Swedish Lapland, above the Arctic Circle.
    [Show full text]
  • This-Is-Lkab.Pdf
    THIS IS LKAB PERFORMANCE IN IRONMAKING IT STARTS WITH THE IRON 1696 The ore-rich mountains 1912 Kiruna Church is completed, 1982 LKAB takes the decision 2010 LKAB earmarks a budget Luossavaara and Kiirunavaara, a gift from the company to the to introduce large-scale sub-level of billions of kronor for future after which LKAB was named, parish. The church will be moved caving, increasing productivity urban transformations in Kiruna are mentioned for the first time to the new centre of Kiruna as part noticeably. LKAB develops olivine and Malmberget. in a document by Samuel Mört, of the urban transformation. pellets, which prove to be a highly a bookkeeper at the Kengis works. competitive pellet product. 2011 LKAB makes record profits. 1940 Narvik is invaded by the The same year the LKAB Academy 1888 The first ore train rolls Germans and the port is blown up. 1989 The subsidiary Minelco, foundation is established to along the Ore Railway from Malm- Ore traffic focuses on Luleå until now LKAB Minerals, is estab- secure future recruitment. berget to Luleå. the port of Narvik is rebuilt. lished. Its task is to develop markets for the iron ore outside 2015 LKAB celebrates 125 1890 The company 1955 LKAB’s first pelletising of the steel industry. years and publishes a book about Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara plant – the first such plant in the company’s history. Aktiebolag – LKAB – is formed. Europe – is taken into operation 1997 Wireless communication in Malmberget, increasing the is introduced into LKAB’s under- 2018 The starting shot for the 1898 Hjalmar Lundbohm is degree to which the iron ore is ground mines using the Wireless SUM (Sustainable Underground appointed as local manager in upgraded and thus also the value Underground Communication Mining) initiative to develop a new Kiruna.
    [Show full text]
  • LKAB 2019 Annual and Sustainability Report
    2019 ANNUAL AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT LKAB aims to create prosperity by being one of the most innovative, resource-efficient and responsible mining and minerals companies in the world. 02 LKAB ANNUAL AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2019 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION RESPONSIBILITY AND GOVERNANCE The year in brief 2 Sustainable enterprise 50 Comments by the President and CEO 4 Risks and risk management 51 How we create value 8 Comments by the Chairman of the Board 58 Objectives for sustainable development 10 Corporate governance report 59 Board of Directors 66 BUSINESS CONTEXT AND STRATEGY Executive management team 68 Global context 13 Strategic priorities 16 FINANCIAL RESULTS Group overview 70 PRODUCTS AND MARKETS Financial statements 73 Customer offering 21 Notes 83 Drivers and trends 22 The Board’s attestation 121 Market development 24 Auditor’s report 122 OPERATIONS SUSTAINABILITY NOTES Exploration 27 Notes to the sustainability report 126 Mining 31 Auditor’s Limited Assurance Report Processing 33 on the Sustainability Report 144 Transport 34 OTHER INFORMATION Suppliers 35 Mineral reserves and mineral resources 146 Employees 36 Ten-year overview 150 Social responsibility 40 Terms and definitions 151 Environmental responsibility 44 Annual General Meeting and financial information 153 Impact in the value chain 48 Addresses lkab.com Administration report pages 2–3, 8–14, 35–72 and 121. Sustainability report pages 8–14, 35–41, 44–47, 50–56 and 125–143. RAIL TRANSPORT PORTS ABOUT LKAB’S ANNUAL AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2019 The Board of Directors and the President hereby submit the annual and sustainability report for Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (publ), corporate identity number 556001-5835, for the calendar year 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • LKAB 2018 Annual and Sustainability Report in Brief
    2018 IN BRIEF ANNUAL AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT PERFORMANCE IN IRONMAKING LKAB IN BRIEF LKAB IN BRIEF BUSINESS CONCEPT To manufacture and deliver upgraded LKAB’s values form iron ore products and services for iron- making that create added value for the basis of how the customers on the world market from business is operated. our base in the Swedish orefields. Other closely related products and services that are based on LKAB’s know-how and that support our main business activities may be included in operations. VISION LKAB shall be perceived by customers as the supplier that adds the most value, thus leading the way in our chosen market segments. PERFORMANCE IN IRONMAKING Performance in Ironmaking is LKAB’s promise to customers. It means that we always put the customer at the centre and ensure quality, stability and delivery reliability throughout our value chain from mine to port. Through close, in-depth cooperation with our custom- ers we develop our products and help improve our customers’ processes. COMMITTED INNOVATIVE RESPONSIBLE The performance of our We emphasise creative We act for the long-term, customers is at the heart thinking to drive improve- show respect and put of everything we do. ments forward. safety first. This is a summary of the Swedish version of LKAB’s annual and sustainability report, which is available on lkab.com. The English version of LKAB’s annual and sustainability report will be published on April 25th, 2019. It will also be available at lkab.com. 2 LKAB ANNUAL AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2018 IN BRIEF LKAB IN BRIEF 150,000 tonnes of iron ore are mined by LKAB 77% 82% every day of LKAB’s iron ore prod- of LKAB’s delivery LKAB’s ore deposits are largely mined ucts are exported to volumes consist of in underground mines more than a thousand metres below the surface, steelworks in Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Condition and Performance Control of Mine Hoist LKAB's Kiruna Mine
    Service reference case description Condition and performance control of mine hoist LKAB’s Kiruna mine LKAB Kiruna mine ABB delivered its first complete mine Luossavaara-Kiirunavaara AB (LKAB) is an international high-tech minerals group, one of the world’s leading hoist in 1937. Since then, more than producers of upgraded iron ore products for the steel industry 600 units all over the world have been and a growing supplier of industrial minerals products to installed. High speed and heavy loads other sectors. with high safety and performance, Most of the iron ore products are sold to European steel- demand advanced technology for drive, works. Other important markets are North Africa, the Middle control and brake systems. Qualified East and Southeast Asia. Industrial minerals are sold mainly maintenance personnel and fast in Europe but also to growing markets in Asia and the USA. LKAB has around 3,700 employees, of which about 600 are access to competence is necessary to outside Sweden. maintain high safety, high performance and availability. ABB offers mine hoist Both LKAB’s mines in Kiruna and Malmberget are among the world’s most modern, thanks to investments in advanced services for condition and performance technology and large-scale production systems. control to maintain the equipment in the “as commissioned” condition. The production at Kiruna, Sweden’s northernmost city, is fully automatic from loading to unloading pocket in the head frame. The yearly output of the plant is 30 million tons of iron ore products. ABB has a unique capability to engineer, deliver, install and provide after sale service for entire mechanical and electrical mine hoist systems of all types.
    [Show full text]
  • Railway Technology Review
    ISSN 0013-2845 September 2015 Railway Technology ETR Review INTERNATIONAL EDITION Planning ETCS Innovation in track components Inspection and maintenance Hybrid Drive Economic The next step - Ecologic Ergonomic The Hybrid Machine Sylomer® under-sleeper pads Use of Sylomer® under-sleeper pads to reduce ballast wear on a Scandi- navian heavy-haul railway line The heavy-haul railway line between Luleå and Narvik can conveniently be considered in two parts: the Swedish section (Malmbanan) and the Norwegian section (Ofotbanen). This line has been carrying continuously increasing loads, and so the infrastructure manager decided in 2014 to insert under-sleep- er pads as a means of improving the quality of the track geometry. This decision was influenced by the positive experience that the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) had had with the use of pads under con- crete sleepers and also by projects such as Innotrack and RIVAS. This article contains a brief description of the Iron Ore Line in Scandinavia and the challenges due to heavy train loads. It also explains how under-sleeper pads work and describes the approaches tried out for switches and crossings. 1. OVERVIEW AND FACTS irunavaara Aktiebolag), the Swedish opera- Mag.(FH) Harald Steger Product management tor of the iron mines. These last-mentioned Getzner Werkstoffe GmbH Malmbanan is a railway line providing a trains can have up to 68 wagons with an axle [email protected] route for heavy freight trains in the north of load of 30 t and they run over Malmbanan Scandinavia, linking the sea ports of Luleå at 60 km/h in a laden state and at 70 km/h if (Sweden) and Narvik (Norway).
    [Show full text]
  • Swedish Mining Company Regains 234 Days and Over 700 000 SEK Of
    LKAB Gains 234 Days and 700 000 SEK Back to the Business with Rubrik’s Modern Cloud Data Management LKAB is a state-owned mining company that operates in the rich iron ore deposits located near the towns of Kiruna and Malmberget in the northern part of Sweden. The company produced 26.9 Mt of iron ore products in 2018 and have INDUSTRY plans to increase production by 5% per year through 2021. The company takes environmental impact seriously and is committed to reducing carbon dioxide Utilities emissions by 12% by 2021, as well as limiting the amount of nitrogen emitted by the mining process. RESULTS • 90%+ management time savings “IT is a critical component of modern mining operations—perhaps even more so due to the type of mining we perform,” said Robert Pohjanen, IT Architect at LKAB. • 234 days per year and over 700 000 SEK of additional “We employ a deep mine that is 1.3 km underground. This type of mine is more productivity back to costly to run than our competitors’ open mines, forcing us to be efficient and agile the business as a business. We utilize technology extensively in the mine, ranging from fiber- optics for monitoring to equipping the entire site with Wi-Fi.” • 90%+ faster restores • Seamless cloud archival to “Our small IT department supports 4,000 employees in Sweden and 2,000 Microsoft Azure employees internationally. We are always looking at the total cost of operating our technology solutions and strive to automate processes wherever possible by THE CHALLENGE employing cutting-edge, best-in-class technologies like Rubrik,” said Pohjanen.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Electro-Dynamic Braking on Locomotives and Its Effect on Rolling Contact Fatigue
    Page 1133 Use of electro-dynamic braking on locomotives and its effect on rolling contact fatigue T. Nordmark & S.A. Khan /XOHn8QLYHUVLW\RI7HFKQRORJ\/XOHn6ZHGHQ C. Domay /.$%.LUXQD6ZHGHQ ABSTRACT: The mining company LKAB uses IORE locomotives to haul iron ore trains. When evaluated using life cycle cost (LCC) analysis for reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS), wheel life is found to be 930,000 km. The IORE locomotives are equipped with electro-dynamic (ED) brakes, but because of the inability of the contact grid to handle the full regenerative energy from the locomotives, the use of the ED-brake was restricted until the contact grid was upgraded in 2010. From around 2011, the wheel life started to decrease because of increased rolling contact fatigue (RCF), dropping to around 350,000 km. LKAB suspected the use of the ED-brake was contributing to the RCF problem. A field test compared one locomotive with ED-braking reduced to a minimum level to a locomotive with full ED-braking capacity. The wheels of the two locomotives were visually inspected at intervals of about 13,000 km. The results showed no difference in RCF performance between the locomotives. 1 INTRODUCTION from 2001 to 2005 showed that the wheel life would reach 930.000 km. This paper looks at the effect of electro-dynamic (ED) A complete locomotive consists of two sections braking on the generation of rolling contact fatigue with a Co-Co wheel arrangement each. The (RCF) on the wheels of IORE locomotives used by continuous power rating is 10,800 kW (14,400 hp), the Swedish mining company LKAB to haul iron ore and the tractive effort is 1,200 kN with the possibility trains.
    [Show full text]
  • MESTO DEJINY Narvik, a Swedish Norwegian Border Town
    MESTO a DEJINY Narvik, a Swedish Norwegian Border Town Steinar Aas vol. 8, 2019, 1, pp. 54-79 DOI: https://doi.org/10.33542/MAD2019-1-03 This article gives an insight into the industrialization and colonization processes of northern Scandinavia. Urbanization due to industrialization is a vital part of the perspective, and brings us into an industrial mega system in Swedish Lapland in the late nineteenth century based on iron ore export. It was to be connected to the industrial centre of Europe, especially the Ruhrgebiet of Germany, and paved the way for a new kind of urban development in peripheral Europe – the industrial network town. The history and foundation of the Norwegian harbour town Narvik is vital for gaining insight into this mega system. By studying Narvik we can envisage particularities of, and similarities and diff erences between Norway and Sweden when it comes to their urban economic foundations, urban development/planning regimes, and the relations between the municipalities, the modern nation states and the dominating companies. Even the development of a uniquely Scandinavian identity connected with the labour movement and the development of a post-war social democrat order visibly results from the new industries. Thus the common Swedish-Norwegian fi gure of the rallar – something like navvy or construction worker – has a signifi cant place in this study, and the use of the fi gure in addition to later processes of memory creation, both within the Norwegian and Swedish labour movements, is addressed. Keywords: Urban History. Modernization. Industrialization. Norwegian History. Swedish History. Technology. Urban Planning. Memory Studies.
    [Show full text]
  • LKAB 2020 Annual and Sustainability Report
    2020 ANNUAL AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 02 LKAB ANNUAL AND SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2020 OUR JOURNEY TOWARDS A CARBON-FREE FUTURE % -84% -14 Steel produced with LKAB’s Carbon emissions reduced pellets contributes to 14 percent by 84 percent from 1960 to lower carbon emissions than ON THE WAY today’s pellet production the European average TO ZERO EMISSIONS CO2 The first iron ore producer to measure and report its carbon footprint CONTENTS INTRODUCTION OUR IMPACT IN-DEPTH SUSTAINABILITY INFORMATION This is LKAB 2 Responsibility for our impact 40 Notes to the sustainability report 123 The year in brief 4 Acting ethically and responsibly 41 Reporting principles and Comments by the President and CEO 6 Suppliers and purchasing 42 GRI/COP Index 142 Innovative environmental work 44 Auditor’s Limited Assurance GOALS AND STRATEGY Environmental impact Report on the Sustainability Report 144 Goals for sustainable development 10 and resource consumption 46 Drivers of industrial transformation 12 FURTHER INFORMATION Strategy for the LKAB of the future 14 RISKS AND RISK MANAGEMENT 48 Mineral resources and mineral The pace of transformation 16 reserves 145 How we create value 18 FINANCING 55 Ten-year overview 150 Terms and definitions 151 OUR OPERATIONS CORPORATE GOVERNANCE Annual General Meeting, financial Iron Ore business area 20 Comments by the Chairman of the Board 56 calendar and contact information 152 Special Products business area 30 Corporate governance report 57 Board of Directors 64 EMPLOYEES 36 Executive management team 66 FINANCIAL RESULTS Group overview 68 Financial statements 72 Administration report pages: Notes 81 4–5, 10–13, 18–19, 20–33, 36–70 and 118.
    [Show full text]