DEGELDEGEL תשרי תשע”ב תורה וחכמת ישראל מקהילת עלי צליון AND JEWISH STUDIES FROM ALEI TZION TISHREI 5772 דגלTORAH VOLUME 4 ISSUE 1 שנה טובה ומתוקה RABBI DANIEL AND NA’AMAH ROSELAAR DEVORAH, ELISHEVA, NETANEL AND CHANANYA TOGETHER WITH KEHILLAT ALEI TZION, WISH THE ENTIRE COMMUNITY A HAPPY NEW YEAR Aarons family Gaby, Guv and Gidon Lebens Michelle and Eli Bauernfreund Miriam and Alan Levenson Daphna, Ellie, Yoel, Ashira, Akiva Shimshon and Lauren and Simon Levy Rafael Mordechai Bergin Katten family Bloch family Susie, Eliot, Rina and Sara Kaye Karen and Anthony Bodenstein Saranne, Neil and Eliora Maurice Jessica, Sam, Aviva, Gil, Nomi, Noa and Emuna Caplan Adina, Rafi and Ella Mendelsohn Rachel, Elliot, Netanel and Maytal Cohen Jenny Goldsmith and Jacob Morrison Wood Raph Cooper Yolanda, Jonathan, Alex and Gidon Rosalki Ben Elton Jenna-Lee and David Sandler Mordechai Gedalla Leah, Trevor, Noa and Eli Silverman Lucinda, Martin and family Glasser Devora, Moishe Dovid, Tzivia, Avi and Yehuda Spitzer Moshe Goldin and family Joseph Sueke The Goldman Bnei Akiva shlihim Sandy Tapnack Gemma, Alastair and Rebecca Goldrein Ben Vos Hannah and Yossi Hanstater Sarah, Nathan, Sophie and Benjamin Woodward Jemma Jacobs Judy and Ed Zinkin Danielle and Simon Klinger CONTENTS Editor 4 Notes from the editor Ben Elton BEN ELTON questions and answers from Alei Tzion – שאלי ציון Design 5 David Bloxham, with RABBI DANIEL ROSELAAR thanks to Tammy 10 Hiddur mitsva Youngerwood MORDECHAI GEDALLA Sub editors תפילה established in גאולה The concept of 15 Joshua Freedman, David RABBI SHLOMO YOSEF ZEVIN, translated and edited by SIMON LEVY Pruwer, Edward Zinkin 21 Misunderstanding in good faith: Confronting Rav Soloveitchik’s position on Sponsorship co-ordinator interfaith dialogue Eliot Kaye who greatly NEIL CLARKE helped with fundraising, Sandy Tapnack 37 Remembering the days of old: The ambivalent approach to history in Jewish thought Front cover illustration DAVID PRUWER Yolanda Rosalki 45 Austritt and its Orthodox opponents: the debate over secession in Yolanda Rosalki is a traditionalist German Jewry, 1876-1939 artist and illustrator, for BEN ELTON more information on how her designs can enhance 64 The Eichmann trial in the British media your simha, email GEMMA GRUNEWALD [email protected] or visit Yolanda Productions on Facebook. Degel is a publication of the Alei Tzion Community. Views expressed are not necessarily those of the Rav, community or editor. | www.aleitzion.co.uk Schaller House, 44a Albert Road, London, NW4 2SJ | [email protected] 4 | NOTES FROM THE EDITOR Notes from the editor he Mussaf of Rosh Hashana frames the shofar and New York were so successful in recreating one strand blasts around three themes: malkhiyot, zikhronot of pre-War German Orthodoxy, that few realise that there and shofarot. In Sefer HaIkkarim R. Yosef Albo were others. The Orthodox opponents of separatism had a Tlinks these three sections to what he regards as the three philosophy and a vision which are very relevant to the essential elements of the Jewish faith: in God, His role in problems we face today. history and Revelation. In malkhiyot when we declare We now move into the theme of shofarot and the echoes God to be King, we affirm our belief in Him as the creator of Sinai in the halakha we live by every day. Rabbi and sustainer of the world. In zikhronot we acknowledge Roselaar sets out some of the sheilot and teshuvot that that He records the past, as He observes and remembers have crossed his desk over the past year. On a more our deeds. In shofarot we recall the shofar that sounded at abstract plane, Mordechai Gedalla scrutinises the concept Sinai as the Torah was given. of hiddur mitsva from the Talmud to the Rishonim and This edition of Degel touches on these three themes. Neil Aharonim. It is a style of essay that was made popular by Clarke develops a careful and close analysis of Rav the great R. Shlomo Yosef Zevin. His Mo’adim b’halakha Soloveitchik’s view of interfaith relations, which goes to is a classic now well known to the English speaking public the core of how R. Soloveitchik understood the in translation. Simon Levy has taken an essay from relationship God has with the Jewish people, how other another work, L’Or Hahalakha, which is still only faith communities also reach out to God, and why that available in Hebrew, and presented R. Zevin’s masterly must be treated with dignity. analysis of the theme of redemption in our daily prayers. David Pruwer has examined different attitudes within the I have completed the editing of this edition from New Jewish tradition towards the study of history, from the York, so I am especially indebted to those who helped Bible and Talmud to thinkers of the twentieth century and without needing to be accosted in shul. In addition to the beyond. As we would expect, there is a multiplicity of authors, I must thank Yolanda Rosalki for the beautiful voices and he has identified unexpected positions from cover illustration; the sub-editors Joshua Freedman, surprising sources. Jemma Jacobs, David Pruwer and Edward Zinkin; Eliot Kaye who greatly helped with fundraising, Sandy Tapnack Those who believe Pruwer has made a case for the validity who oversaw the finances and everyone who placed a of Jewish historical study can turn to articles by Gemma greeting or advertisement, and made it possible for you to Grunewald and me. Grunewald presents a fascinating hold this issue in your hands. In particular, I am grateful picture of how the trial of Adolf Eichman was seen in to Lucinda and Martin Glasser who have dedicated this Britain and reported in the British press. She highlights a issue in memory of Martin’s grandfather Dr Emil Glasser. moment when the British Left was trying to reconcile its נ"ז ר' אברהם יצחק בן ר' בנימי ן ל"ז .traditional support for Israel with other values I have looked at an almost forgotten group of Orthodox I hope Degel enhances your Yamim Noraim, and I wish all religious leaders, the rabbis of Germany who did not readers a Shana Tova! follow Rav Hirsch out of unified kehillot and into BEN ELTON separatist communities. R. Hirsch’s successors in London QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FROM ALEI TZION | 5 Questions and answers from Alei Tzion RABBI DANIEL ROSELAAR embers of Alei Tzion ask a wide range of The Rema notes that halakhic times are measured halakhic questions, in person, by email and according to halakhic (or ‘seasonal’) hours and thus sometimes by text. Some of the questions are midday is not necessarily 12 noon but whatever time the Mpersonal in nature while others have communal midpoint between morning and evening is. The Mishna implications. What follows is a selection of the questions Berura assumes that since plag haminha and minha that I have been asked during the course of the past year ketana are measured according to seasonal time, the half- together with the answers that I provided. hour between hatsot and minha gedola should also be measured in this way (which will be a leniency in the May one chew gum before Shaharit? short winter days and a stringency in the long summer 6 The Talmud in Masekhet Berakhot states that a person days). However, he does not record an unambiguous should not eat before he or she prays in the morning. ruling because he also raises the possibility that since this extra half hour is required to ensure that one does not 1 Two verses are cited in support of this prohibition – ‘lo accidentally pray before midday, perhaps thirty clock- tokhlu al hadam’ which is interpreted to mean that one minutes are all that is required irrespective of the time should not eat until one has prayed to the Almighty to of year. preserve his life, and ‘ve’oti hishlahta aharei gavekha’ which is interpreted to mean that one who eats before In their eagerness to pray early (for understandable praying is displaying a sense of arrogance by satisfying reasons), some people have suggested that perhaps keriat himself before addressing Heaven.2 haTorah could commence within the first half hour following midday, with the proviso that the Amida is not The Shulhan Arukh rules that whilst one may not eat recited until the half hour has elapsed. Rav Eliezer before one prays it is permitted to drink water because 7 Waldenberg addresses this possibility. He rejects it on the 3 there is no issue of arrogance. The Aharonim extend this grounds that the Mishna refers to this leining as ‘Shabbat leniency to include tea and coffee but debate whether one be’minha’, which suggests that it must be read at a time may add sugar and milk because that may be regarded as 8 when Minha itself may be recited. He further cites 4 an unnecessary self-indulgence. Some authorities are various Kabbalistic sources to the effect that Ashrei and permissive in this regard, but only because this is a Uva L’tsion also should not be recited before the time of normal way for these beverages to be consumed. minha gedola. Unlike water, chewing-gum can hardly be regarded as Somewhat surprisingly, the Aharonim do not properly essential and the sugary flavourings smack of self- address the considerations of the Mishna Berura about indulgence. Consequently chewing-gum should not be seasonal versus clock-minutes and the general practise consumed before prayer in the morning. seems to be strict – namely, to wait 30 clock-minutes in the winter and half of a seasonal hour in the summer. How early can the first Minha minyan commence However, since a convincing rationale has been presented on winter Shabbat afternoons? to suggest that times of tefilla follow seasonal hours, my The Shulhan Arukh rules that one may commence Minha recommendation would be that the early Minha can half an hour after midday, which in Temple times was the commence half a seasonal hour after hatsot with the aim earliest time that the afternoon sacrifice was ever offered.5 6 | QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS FROM ALEI TZION of not beginning the Amida until thirty clock-minutes meal there without proper illumination.13 In such an after hatsot.