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+ Natali A, Professor of Cartqraphy, the Hebreu Uhiversity of -Msalem, Israel DICTIONARY of Toponymfc TERLMINO~OGY Wtaibynafiail~

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+ Natali A, Professor of Cartqraphy, the Hebreu Uhiversity of -Msalem, Israel DICTIONARY of Toponymfc TERLMINO~OGY Wtaibynafiail~ United Nations Group of E%perts OR Working Paper 4eographicalNames No. 61 Eighteenth Session Geneva, u-23 August1996 Item7 of the E%ovisfonal Agenda REPORTSOF THE WORKINGGROUPS + Natali a, Professor of Cartqraphy, The Hebreu UhiVersity of -msalem, Israel DICTIONARY OF TOPONYMfC TERLMINO~OGY WtaIbyNafiaIl~- . PART I:RaLsx vbim 3.0 upi8elfuiyl9!J6 . 001 . 002 003 004 oo!l 006 007 . ooa 009 010 . ol3 014 015 sequala~esfocJphabedcsaipt. 016 putting into dphabetic order. see dso Kqucna ruIt!% Qphabctk 017 Rtlpreat8Ii00, e.g. ia 8 computer, wflich employs ooc only numm ds but also fetters. Ia a wider sense. aIso anploying punauatiocl tnarksmd-SymboIs. 018 Persod name. Esamples: Alfredi ‘Ali. 019 022 023 biliaw 024 02s seecIass.f- 026 GrqbicsymboIusedurunitiawrIdu~morespedficaty,r ppbic symbol in 1 non-dphabedc writiog ryste.n& Exmlptes: Chinese ct, , thong; Ambaric u , ha: Japaoese Hiragana Q) , no. 027 -.modiGed Wnprehauive term for cheater. simplified aad character, varIaoL 031 CbmJnyol 032 CISS, featm? 033 cQdedrepfwltatiul 034 035 036 037' 038 039 040 041 042 047 caavasion alphabet 048 ConMQo table* 049 0nevahte0frpointinlhisgr8ti~ . -.- w%idofplaaecoordiaarurnm;aingoftwosetsofsnpight~ -* rtcight8ngfIertoeachotkrodwithap8ltKliuofl8qthonbo&. rupenmposedonr(chieflytopogtaphtc)map.see8lsouTM gz 051 see axxdimtes. rectangufar. 052 A stahle form of speech, deriyed from a pbfgin, which has became the sole a ptincipal language of 8 qxech comtnunity. Example: Haitian awle (derived from Fresh). ‘053 adllRaIfeatlue see feature, allhlral. 054 055 * 056 057 Ac&uioaofsoftwamrcqkdfocusingrdgRaIdatabmem rstoauMe~osctlto~thisdatabase. 058 ckalog of defItitioas of lbe contmuofadigitaldatabase.~ud- hlg data element cefw labels. f0mw.s. internal refm codMndtextemty,~well~their-p,. 059 see&tadichlq. 060 DeMptioa of 8 basic unit of -Lkatifiile md defiile informatioa tooccqyrspecEcdataf!eldinrcomputernxaxtLExampk Pateofmtifii~ofluwtby~namaturhority’. 061 drufieki S~foc8spedfiCQtaclementh8eornPutv~rdExample: thefieWfachecoordinatcrin8placeaamecomputetd 062 DataachangekspeciaiIybyamputer~viasmdan&&c&es dfcc tetmhology not bound to a pmiatlar language. 063 v&e a cwtent of a paaiallar data ckmcnt in 8 specific comput- er record. Example: 0x.01.94 in the data field fa ‘date’. ofa The posihility of ma&g andfor using the same data 011differem amputefsystexns. ’ 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 6 081 dottnatrixprinteE computer-Iiakedpciatiagdevice whidl prints text, and ill amy cawglaphia,aasetiesofsmaudooandaoc8slinuoruei& secaIsomstermodc 084 ctanat.SpSC llutpartofrtoponymwhichdc4saotcoas&ue 8gttWfCtum arxiwhichdisfh~ifflumodlasofuaesamef~~rt auy Lade m UdcIe mdkx other liaguisticeIunea& Exullpk POltElizabeth:RiOmCapegf. edonym* Endonym sanchoed by a aames authority. Example: anxx~g the allonyms Hull rad Kingstua-upoo-HulI (Engtand), the latttr ir the see feature. topogtaptlk 090 Qcbojrm* AcmrdiqtoUaitedNyioososagc:nameusedint~~ gwlge for a topoglaphic falalre situawi ourside tile nru vhae rhattquageIlasoffiisfans3.raddiff~gfiQmtfletndoayln a0t only tWugh convvsion cc the omissioa of dIa&tia Exam- ples: Warsaw b the Eqlish exofl~ for warszawp: IJYoch is FreachfortmRnn;MaiIaadisGewaforMiho.’l’heofficiaUy r0msrhdeadoqmMaslonforb4xxaa isaourarym.norisSao Pa010 foe so Pa010 QCPiayia Beijiig, WhiIe Peking k il exatym The Uakd Natious recomfneod minimizingttleuseOfexmynuIfl iatetnatisapl usage. A diffehq view holds that 8 same givm by a partiarlat hguktrc 00mtnunI~ to 8 plaa wwl f&y belonged ta a politicalcntitp (e.g. 8 couattyl when the language of ti CommrmitY had offi mtus, and wItid differs from the official etXtOUym. Oc to 8 Pb ia m area where this ~guage, white having no offida! statu% b salf widely spoken - does sot amstitute an utOq’= seealso tndId0m.I Ilane. 091 substitutionof an uonym for aa endonym. See aJso nattts tratts- fotmaf5on. 7 092 exmmmalm seefealtJre,exaatemstnal.* 093 anaim seename.etmtmmu 094 f&egmicltlaaat seegeaerlc clemulr. false 095 fenumci8ss seedsa,f- 0% -fatmn&m3 see W-P- 097 Icrtrprs,- seefemwe,maQaadC 098 . terapn.- 101 fedture, mall-made Geogtaphkal feature made,et significantIymod&d, by man. Examples:caa& road; popufakdplace c!omplementaIyterm: featun, aatuml. 102 fearuce,aatucal ‘Topographic feature oocaude or signifiatly modified by man. Ewmples: iivu (but aot canao; futst (but oat plrlwiod. chmple- fnemaytam:ftatu~atamna& 103 fmphJnial 304 feitrps,topgm@c 105 futrpn,- OrgM, aderai md aamed aaecdal of canpatter ?ceords. 109 fuu A typefaceof 4 spa5iWrype. style mtl size. -let 12-pOht Tiies Roman; 10 cpf eh3racter-per-fncfzf- Brougham t talk 110 form. graphic 111 famat 112 facmat,a>mplta se focmaf. fik. 113 format, file 114 full title’ 115 gazetim, index 118 132 gcqheme l34 13s 136 137 hmiwsa . l38 139 140 141 142 143 144 14s 146 147 148 152 fntaf8ca 163 tqtmge, Mtiotul* 164 iqu8ge,Ma-or~ ltis ktgu8gt,offici8l 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 185 seectgiul. tin* 186 187 188 Ths 8c5dFkstody of hum80 language in dl its aspects, including, phoae.tiu phoaoIogy, awphology. qntax and semantks. 109 litetafy htlguage See Language,literary. 190 local mane See name.IocaL 191 We Gr@iicsymbtarcombiicaofsymbofswhichrepresenaan catimfkeamphemesudtarword,withoutsqmatelyqx’esas- ing ftt corrztituea phonema or aylldlu Exmples: hp8neae Kanji III fw pat18or sao (mooot8in):Chinese 7@ for thoog (midmel. 192 S=lerdcoo.Gogograpbic 193 seescrlps,logoppa 194 195 196 197 198 199 mrp, dti=ipN* Map script in a mukiscriphral amp. 203 204 205 207 ltlltrkef, vowel* 208 209 213 214 215 216 217 818 219 220 tbo In tbe spedfic coataa of.this gkssaty 8 topoaym. 221 seeanc4lyuL 222 Seeaitmstandaidited 223 Toponym~gof rgeneric mdrsp==~w,@~f* spdic cotnpma comktiag.l>f a@e tlm cot woni. empIe: Mount Coatr; Nearport;Newfoundla& Kerioki::R8-m Siam Nevada oriental; Stem-Tint. CotnpkmaWjf Wttc aamc simplex, 14 . 224 om=.compOund see mole. composite. 225 Tqmnym applied to aa ufl;~~vrrstrfaf featum Exmtpk Niu Olympics 4x8 Mats). 226 227 Toponyut&mdiahistocWdoaune&~andbehgnumaeia curmu Ix& Exanlpk Ebuaaml uor York. Eglandl: Media- haunt (for MiIaao, Italy); New Amstdam UrnNew Yak. USAl: Edo (for Tokyo. JapanI. 228 oome, indig- Topcqm in, ac derived front. aa Migenous tngurgc Bumtpk culabah (Aborigiaal.~, Ehfr*ozini c?du,sourh~. 229 Toponytn applied by (I geographically limited secux of a BnguWc communi~toafeatufewithinitsuea Itmaydifferfromtbe standatdlzed cndonym. 230 Toponym applied to a feature oa the surf= of the tnooa, Exam- pfes: Gagaria; Msre T~quillitatis. 231 Name of a hydrogaphk fcaturc associated with the tea 232 Topoaym h a minority hguage. 233 Toponym sanctioned by I &zgaIIj axstituted (e.g. natioaaI) names authority and applied witbill its jtlhcaiorl. 234 oseetoponynt. 235 Desui~venamecxprrssedhIocal~sndlarlguage.~les: &Rub’ aMWE (he anpty quarter. Saudi Ambii: Da&t-e Kavir (big desea. tan). 226 A word which desfgoates an individual being or object. Examples: All%% Bdiig. 237 Siigfe-word toponym. &ally consisting of a specifk axnpoaa oaly. Examples: ICiiev; Temulco: MalaW Al-Qi&imb Caid is GtSO4SilTlplCC~.SincsilltheorigiMlAl%biCIlleU3i&pl- coastitutes a bound morplume, ic an integral unhypbmaed pdii colnplanaltacy tune aamee composite 238 Namesuc&aedbytaamuauthorityathepref~aarnefkom among a aumber of aUonyms for 8 given festurc Howcva, 8 siagle feannc may have more t&a one aandHiz& aamc Exam- ple: lcaapw and ape Towa (but not capemu). 239 ~topoapm. 240 An uonym ia dtively widetpresd use by a partiatfar Ihguktic commun.Q and usually found in its paditioa aud titerat~. Exam- ples: Akxandrie [Freud11 for &Wan~yah kabii; J&&s (Span&h) for Yerushaayim G&brew): Pelchg Er@MlI foC seijing Kllilld. 241 oalne, Ysiaat see alloqm. 242 -rutbority 243 244 245 246 at7 248 251 aoa-offichl language 252 OCXl-- 2s3 aoa-vowened 254 255 256 263 pbOOdC 264 phonetic, pilaeid 16 267 Relating ro phonoIogy. a58 77leaudyofspeedlsoundsdtheir~iar~taa- guageccintwoorlnmlaclguagesconsiderultogetberfora.xnpar- 8th Purposa. 269 see ffsture, pllysical. -270 Graphic qmbol which rept-emts M objeu via graphic-visual simi- larity in order to convey &her itJ meaning or the sound of its name. See alsophonogram. lm A datively stablef&n of speechdeveloped 85 aft uudliary lan- page, whose VW end sphtn of anplo;umeru m-e aalzuwly limited rad whae granunw, pbonotogicalsmxcmre andaylem simpk rhaa thoseof &~3iaagwge(s) from which it w8s evolved. Exampla. Tok F’isiafNec+MelslKsiacl) bssed00 English): Bazw MIih~blMill@klndoaesip;petitMauresqut(Fd~kr N&~:FaaagaIbbuialybmmZulu.Sourh~.A pidghwhidbeamcshemo&ertongueofrlhgdsdc~ tyksaidlobe-see8Isoereole, 272 Acronjrnr for pictum clement: the unit of srorage and display ‘m ~rastymodc 273 see topoap name.plaix 0. 274 See index* place aames. 275 se data ilombility. 276 see IMguage. pliacipal. 277 Asetofiaswaionsdireaiagtheaxnputerwhichoper&tsto petfonn.cOmplaneataytewdataztbesecaabeoperateduponby rprognm. 27a see oafne. pmper. 279 (al 8acic focla of 8 logographic 4wactcr. Example: one of the 214CXnesebasiccfiaactcn which epesalt categocia of sease. such s rhe charaaer fw *tree’ 00 the basis of w&i& the Iogogmns for qJei5ilc kinds of tree are cwtnraed. 280 h a computer, norage and display of data oa a dense grU of pixels amangedincohxnns and cows. Example: Satellite imagesarc amally mcml in castermode. Complementary tezmz vector mode. 17 Re-collvasi~ of 8 mutt of tnasiskradoa iat tbes4wwe&* see ataoteverliity. Ackauai&ofcrmJn-wIlicb~tsrwrittea~ftcmto becoavertedfromoascriptor~ting~tatb~,md suhsequmtlyto he ceconvertedback
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