sustainability Article Development of Biosorbent Derived from the Endocarp Waste of Gayo Coffee for Lead Removal in Liquid Wastewater—Effects of Chemical Activators Mariana Mariana 1,2, Farid Mulana 1, Lisa Juniar 3, Dinda Fathira 4, Risna Safitri 4, Syawaliah Muchtar 1 , Muhammad Roil Bilad 5,* , Amir Husni Mohd Shariff 6 and Nurul Huda 6,* 1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
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[email protected] (S.M.) 2 Research Center for Environmental and Natural Resources, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia 3 Graduate School of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia;
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[email protected] (R.S.) 5 Department of Chemistry Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika (UNDIKMA), Jl. Pemuda No. 59A, Mataram 83126, Indonesia 6 Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia;
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[email protected] (N.H.) Citation: Mariana, M.; Mulana, F.; Abstract: This study reports the development of bio-based adsorbent by utilizing coffee endocarp Juniar, L.; Fathira, D.; Safitri, R.; Muchtar, S.; Bilad, M.R.; Shariff, (CE) waste as a raw material for lead (Pb) removal from liquid wastewater. The effect of NaOH and A.H.M.; Huda, N. Development of HCl as activation precursors on the characteristics and performance of the resulting adsorbents was Biosorbent Derived from the investigated.