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National Commission on Violence Against Women - Komnas Perempuan) Komisi Nasional Anti Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan (National Commission On Violence Against Women - Komnas Perempuan) National Human Rights Institution Independent Follow-up Report on the review of Indonesia Follow up Report on the implementation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights in Indonesia submitted to UN Human Rights Committee A. Introduction 1. The National Commission on Violence Against Women (“Komnas Perempuan”), is one of the specific national human rights institutions aiming to build a conducive situation for the elimination of all forms of violence against women in Indonesia. Established under Presidential Regulation No. 65 of 2005 as its legal basis, the mandates of this Commission include a) public education, awareness and participation, b) monitoring and fact finding, d) proposing changes to law and policies, and e) strengthening national, regional and international networks. 2. As a national human right mechanism, Komnas Perempuan is actively involved in international human rights mechanism, including preparing the independent reports for Universal Periodic Review, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) Committee, Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) Committee, and Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (CCPR) Committee and other instruments ratified by Indonesia. Komnas Perempuan has not only presented her findings, but also contributed to strengthen gender perspective, and integrate it into the international instruments. Komnas Perempuan also urges the implementation of international recommendations made thereunder at the national and regional levels. B. Comments on Follow up Recommendation 3. After careful examination and monitoring of how recommendations from CCPR Committee have been implemented in Indonesia, and observation of Government of Indonesia’s follow-up report, Komnas Perempuan, in her capacity as an independent mechanism, will hereinunder convey her conclusions. Recommendation 8 4. Regarding the past human rights violations, Komnas Perempuan holds the position that victims’ access to truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence have not yet been fulfilled by the State. Komnas Perempuan has recorded gender based violence cases, particularly on sexual violence experienced by 61 women and girls in Aceh1, 135 women in Papua2 during the military operation, 122 women during 1965 incidents3 and 85 women during May 1998 riots4. The perpetrators in those incidents seem to be granted with impunity. Law No. 27 Year 2004 on the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC), which was annulled by Constitutional Court in 2006, has created a legal vacuum. 5. Although judicial procedure to seek justice hasn’t been achieved, victims’ rights to truth and reparation are immediate to be fulfilled. In regards to that, Komnas Perempuan, with strong support from civil society organizations and other National Human Rights Institutions, has urged local governments’ initiatives to provide redress for past human rights violation, interalia : a. Aceh Province: Qanun Aceh No.17 of 2013 on Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) was issued on 27 December 2013 as an initiative from Aceh’s People Representative Council. Early December 2015, this Council established a Selection Committee of TRC’s Commissioners consisting of five members (two men and three 1 There are 61 cases of sexual violence from 103 violence against women which spread in 13 cities/district in Aceh, Aceh Besar Regency, Southwest Aceh Regency, North Aceh Regency, East Aceh Regency, Langsa, Central Aceh Regency, Aceh Tamiang Regency and Benar Meriah Regency. Cases that occur during military operation, peace dialogue, post- peace MoU and in between those phase. Source: “Experience of Aceh Women : Seeking for Justice from Time to Time”, Special Rapporteur of Aceh National Commission on Violence Against Women and Network of Aceh Women Human Rights Monitoring, 2006 2 There are 261 cases of violence perpetrated by the state and communities between 1963 and 2009. This includes 138 cases by security/military personnel, of which 67 are cases of sexual violence. Source : Enough is Enough! Testimonies of Papuan Woman Victims of Violence and Human Rights Violation 1963-2009, a report prepared by National Commission on Violence Against Women (Women Commission), Women Working Group of Papuan People's Assembly and the International Center for Transtitional Justice (ICTJ) Indonesia, 2009 3 There are 165 cases of sexual violence and 120 cases of sexual violence perpetrated by security/military personnels. Source: Gender-based Crimes against Humanity: Listening the Voices of Women Survivors of 1965: Women's Human Right Monitoring Report, Komnas Perempuan, 2007. 4 13-15 May 1998 Fact Finding Team Report women). This committee has a mandate to propose 21 candidates. The Council will elect 7 (seven) Commissioners among whom 2 (two) are women. The Commissioners will serve from 2016 until 2021. b. Palu Municipality: Palu Municipal Government has issued the Mayor Decision No.25 of 2013 on Regional Human Rights Action Plan. Mayor addressed his apology to victims of 1965 human rights violation. The Government also prioritizes access to health, housing and sanitation services, and employment for victims and their family. As policy reinforcement, the Municipal Government signed an MoU with the National Commission on Human Rights (“Komnas HAM”), Komnas Perempuan and Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK). Komnas Perempuan bears the tasks to strengthen the capacity of the state officials related to their human rights and gender knowledge, and to promote Palu as a women’s right-friendly municipality. Komnas Perempuan in on the view that this process is part of effort to urge transitional justice and institutional reform. Therefore, the guarantee of non-recurrence will be uphold by next local leader and state apparatus. c. Special Capital Region of Jakarta: Special Capital Region of Jakarta City Administration in cooperation with Komnas Perempuan and victims’ community built a memorial site of May 1998 tragedy. The memorial Prasasti Jarum Mei was built on the mass grave of May Tragedy victims at Pondok Ranggon cemetery as a sign of symbolic recovery, recognition of the victims’ right to truth and a symbolic effort to guarantee non- recurrence. Furthermore, the City Administration labels this memorial site as a local heritage and includes it in Jakarta City Map. Apart from it, The City Administration also built Trisakti Memorial Site, another tribute to May 1998 tragedy. d. Papua Province: Papuan Legislative Council has issued a Special Bylaw No. 1 of 2011 regarding the Restoration of the Rights of Papuan Women Victims of Violence and Human Rights Violation. This bylaw was proposed by Network of Papuan Women Human Rights Defenders (“TIKI”), Papuan People Assembly (“MRP”) and Komnas Perempuan. This bylaw ensures the reparation of Papuan indigenous womens’ rights, including prevention and protection from violence in domestic and public sphere. Unfortunately, this bylaw has to be signed by the Governor prior to its implementation. 6. In regard to having an appropriate measure to resolve past human rights violation, Government of Indonesia has indicated to take national reconciliation. Komnas Perempuan has not been formally involved with the key ministry who initiate this process. The process is still on early stage. Komnas Perempuan urges that the national reconciliation will prioritize not only on victims’ recovery but also judicial process to prosecute and punish the perpetrators. Past human right violation cases should be resolved immediately since victims and witnesses are getting older. To delay resolving past human right violation cases which occur either in armed conflicts, such as in Aceh, Papua, Maluku, Poso or religious-based conflicts (Ahmadiyah, Syiah, GKI Yasmin, HKBP Philadelpia, and Aceh Singkil) will contribute to impunity and enable similar conflicts to occur again in the future.Furthermore, Komnas Perempuan has recorded that there is an increasing number of discriminatory bylaws pertaining to religion and morality from 365 in August 2014 to 389 in September 2015. Only several of these bylaws have been amended or annulled. Recommendation 10 7. Based on data of General Attorney in August 2015, there are 4 women (two foreigners and two Indonesians) who face death row in Indonesia. On the other hand, there are 225 Indonesians, who are waiting for their execution overseas. Human rights groups and activists have been advocating either to abolish death penalty or to urge de facto moratorium on the death penalty in Indonesia. There are challenges in addressing this issue, interalia: a) Death penalty is still believed to be acceptable punishment in mainstream Islamic perspective in Indonesia; b) Death penalty is still very much supported by the public since it is mostly applied for drugs related cases; c) The lack of understanding about human rights among policy makers, and opinion makers, including public solicitors in Indonesia; d) Death penalty is contained in Indonesian Criminal Code. 8. Komnas Perempuan has taken several strategic measures to reinstate de facto moratorium on the death penalty, including: a. Suspension of Mary Jane Veloso’s execution: Komnas Perempuan worked to propose suspension to this Philippine female migrant worker. After 3 days monitoring which includes obtaining information from Mary Jane at Wirogunan Prison, Komnas Perempuan sent her fact-finding
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