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Report to Office of Water Science, Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, Brisbane
Lake Eyre Basin Springs Assessment Project Hydrogeology, cultural history and biological values of springs in the Barcaldine, Springvale and Flinders River supergroups, Galilee Basin and Tertiary springs of western Queensland 2016 Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation Prepared by R.J. Fensham, J.L. Silcock, B. Laffineur, H.J. MacDermott Queensland Herbarium Science Delivery Division Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation PO Box 5078 Brisbane QLD 4001 © The Commonwealth of Australia 2016 The Queensland Government supports and encourages the dissemination and exchange of its information. The copyright in this publication is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia (CC BY) licence Under this licence you are free, without having to seek permission from DSITI or the Commonwealth, to use this publication in accordance with the licence terms. You must keep intact the copyright notice and attribute the source of the publication. For more information on this licence visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en Disclaimer This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the responsibility of those parties. Information contained in this document is from a number of sources and, as such, does not necessarily represent government or departmental policy. If you need to access this document in a language other than English, please call the Translating and Interpreting Service (TIS National) on 131 450 and ask them to telephone Library Services on +61 7 3170 5725 Citation Fensham, R.J., Silcock, J.L., Laffineur, B., MacDermott, H.J. -
The Min Min Light and the Fata Morgana Pettigrew
C L I N I C A L A N D E X P E R I M E N T A L OPTOMETRYThe Min Min light and the Fata Morgana Pettigrew COMMENTARY The Min Min light and the Fata Morgana An optical account of a mysterious Australian phenomenon Clin Exp Optom 2003; 86: 2: 109–120 John D Pettigrew BSc(Med) MSc MBBS Background: Despite intense interest in this mysterious Australian phenomenon, the FRS Min Min light has never been explained in a satisfactory way. Vision Touch and Hearing Research Methods and Results: An optical explanation of the Min Min light phenomenon is of- Centre, University of Queensland fered, based on a number of direct observations of the phenomenon, as well as a field demonstration, in the Channel Country of Western Queensland. This explanation is based on the inverted mirage or Fata Morgana, where light is refracted long distances over the horizon by the refractive index gradient that occurs in the layers of air during a temperature inversion. Both natural and man-made light sources can be involved, with the isolated light source making it difficult to recognise the features of the Fata Morgana that are obvious in daylight and with its unsuspected great distance contribut- ing to the mystery of its origins. Submitted: 11 September 2002 Conclusion: Many of the strange properties of the Min Min light are explicable in terms Revised: 2 December 2002 of the unusual optical conditions of the Fata Morgana, if account is also taken of the Accepted for publication: 3 December human factors that operate under these highly-reduced stimulus conditions involving a 2002 single isolated light source without reference landmarks. -
Australia's Desert Fish Have Flourished for Millennia in a Changeable Environment TEXT by ROBERT LEHANE and BARRY SKIPSEY
Australia's desert fish have flourished for millennia in a changeable environment TEXT BY ROBERT LEHANE AND BARRY SKIPSEY Afloat in the Red Centre, pioneering freshwater fish researcher Hamar Midgley, assisted by his wife Mary at the oars, plies his science on one of the Finke River's permanent waterholes - refuges during dry times I for Australia's remarkable desert fish. About 10 species are found widely throughout Central Australia. The Midgleys found five at this NT waterhole, with bony bream, foreground, the most common. APRIL - JUNE 1996 105 • CHORUS OF BIRDS had shat- are literally the gene pools of Aus- tered the icy calm of the tralia's desert fish. Like the outback's A. winter sunriseI tanhrd woken other ephemeral watercourses, the peered Finke has only a few permanent holes, flap of my swag as a warming yellow but it's in them that fish survive dry gjow rose over the Finke River water- times, dodging predators and endur- hole. With each passing minute, the ing scorching summer days and bit- red dunes bordering the opposite bank terly cold winter nights. Then, like ripened to a richer hue. desert flowers, these remnant popula- Alerted by splashing, I shifted my tions explode into life when rains gaze back to the waterhole, where I come, multiplying and dispersing with saw — to my astonishment — a pair of long-awaited floodwaters to repopu- pelicans. I'd never seen these grand late the rivers and ephemeral lakes. birds so deep in Central Australia — To learn about these tenacious ani- I was only 110 kilometres south of mals, Fa joined an expedition led by Alice Springs. -
Malacologia, 1989, 31(1): 1-140 an Endemic Radiation Of
MALACOLOGIA, 1989, 31(1): 1-140 AN ENDEMIC RADIATION OF HYDROBIID SNAILS FROM ARTESIAN SPRINGS IN NORTHERN SOUTH AUSTRALIA: THEIR TAXONOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION AND ANATOMY By W.F. Ponder, R. Hershler*, and B. Jenkins, The Australian Museum, Sydney South, NSW, 2000, Australia CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Absence of fauna The mound springs—a brief description Conservation Geomorphology and water chemistry ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Spring groups and complexes REFERENCES Climate APPENDIX 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS List of stations Taxonomy List of springs not sampled Taxonomic rationale Stations at which no hydrobiids were Materials collected Methods Locality maps Characters APPENDIX 2 Anatomy Tables of measurements Physiology Materials Methods ABSTRACT RESULTS Taxonomy Artesian springs between Marree and Fonscochlea Oodnadatta contain an endemic fauna of Fonscochlea (Wolfgangia) hydrobiid snails that have undergone an Trochidrobia adaptive radiation in which habitat parti- Anatomy tioning and size displacement are clearly Anatomical description of evident. Ten new species in two new en- Fonscochlea accepta demic genera, Fonscochlea and Trochidro- Anatomical description of bia, are described. Three of the species of Trochidrobia punicea Fonscochlea are divided into a total of six Physiology geographic forms, which are not formally named. Two geographic forms are restricted DISCUSSION to single springs, the remainder being found Evolution and relationships of fauna in several springs, spring groups, or com- Geological history plexes of springs. Fonscochlea is divided in Relationships of mound-spring inver- to two subgenera, Fonscochlea s.s. contain- tebrates ing five species and Wolfgangia with a single Evolution of species within mound species. springs Both genera are represented in most Dispersal springs, with up to five taxa present in single springs in the Freeling Springs Group and in Environmentally-induced variation some of the other springs in the northern part Ecology and behaviour of the spring system. -
Hydrogeological Overview of Springs in the Great Artesian Basin
Hydrogeological Overview of Springs in the Great Artesian Basin M. A. (Rien) Habermehl1 Abstract The Great Artesian Basin (GAB) is a regional groundwater system consisting of aquifers and confining beds within the sedimentary Eromanga, Surat and Carpentaria Basins. They under- lie arid to semi-arid regions across 1.7 million km2, or one-fifth of the Australian continent. Artesian springs of the GAB are naturally occurring outlets of groundwater from the confined aquifers. Springs predominantly occur near the eastern recharge margins and the south-western and western discharge margins of the GAB. These zones of natural groundwater discharge represent areas of permanent water, with widely recognised cultural, spiritual and subsistence importance to Indigenous people for tens of thousands of years. The unique hydrogeological environments – discharge, hydrochemistry and substrate – support a range of endemic flora and fauna protected under the EPBC Act (1999). Springs have formed in many areas across the GAB; however, the largest concentrations occur near the south-western margins of the basin. Supporting these flowing artesian springs is a multi-layered aquifer system, comprising Jurassic- to Cretaceous-age sandstones and siltstone, and confining beds of mudstones. Hydrogeological, hydrochemical and isotope hydrology studies show that most artesian springs and flowing water bores in the GAB derive their water from the main Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous Cadna-owie Formation – Hooray Sandstone aquifer and its equivalents. Focusing on springs in South Australia, this paper provides a summary of the hydrogeology of the GAB, including zones of recharge and regional groundwater flow directions, with a major focus on summarising under- standing of the occurrence and formation of springs. -
Fishes of Australia's Great Artesian Basin Springs – an Overview
Fishes of Australia’s Great Artesian Basin Springs – An Overview Adam Kerezsy1 Abstract Patterns of fish distribution within Great Artesian Basin springs fall into two distinct categories: the opportunistic colonisation of springs by widespread riverine species following flooding, and long- term habitation – and speciation – within isolated spring complexes by fishes endemic to certain spring complexes. The endemic fishes of Australia’s Great Artesian Basin springs persist in what some would consider the most unlikely fish habitats imaginable. Within predominantly hot and dry landscapes, they inhabit the only reliable wet areas, which are frequently the same temperature as the surrounding plains and as shallow as the body depth of some of the species. There are seven narrow- range fish species endemic to Great Artesian Basin springs: the Dalhousie catfishNeosiluris ( gloveri), Dalhousie hardyhead (Craterocephalus dalhousiensis), red-finned blue-eye Scaturiginichthys( vermeilipinnis), three localised species of gobies (Chlamydogobius gloveri, C. micropterus and C. squami genus) and the Dalhousie mogurnda (Mogurnda thermophila). These species occur at only three locations: Dalhousie in South Australia; and the Pelican Creek and Elizabeth springs complexes, which are both in Queensland. An eighth species, the desert goby (Chlamydogobius eremius) has a wider range across multiple spring complexes in South Australia. All GAB endemic spring species should be considered endangered due to their small ranges and small populations; however, their formal status varies widely between state, national and international legislation and/or lists. Additionally, all fish endemic to GAB springs are threatened by a broad suite of factors that endanger inland aquatic ecosystems, such as water extraction, pollution, and the possibility that alien or unwanted species may become established. -
Skeptoid 3 Pirates, Pyramids, and Papyrus
Skeptoid 3 Pirates, Pyramids, and Papyrus By Brian Dunning Foreword by Richard Saunders Illustrations by Nathan Bebb Skeptoid 3: Pirates, Pyramids, and Papyrus Copyright 2011 by Brian Dunning All Rights Reserved. Skeptoid Podcast ©2006-2011 by Brian Dunning http://skeptoid.com Published by Skeptoid Media, Inc. Laguna Niguel, CA First Edition ISBN: 978-1453881187 Printed in the United States of America It ain’t what you don’t know that gets you into trouble. It’s what you know for sure that just ain’t so. Wrongly attributed to Mark Twain Acknowledgements Although I do nearly all of the work researching and writing Skeptoid on my own, the following individuals provided a mas- sive amount of help with referencing and finding further read- ing suggestions for all the chapters in this book, and I am greatly indebted to them: Michael Arter, Mike Bast, Erwin Blonk, Mike Bohler, Katie Brockie, Justin Crain, Adam Deso, Josh DeWald, Lee Dunn, Jack Flynn, John Folsom, Kevin Funnell, Derek Graham, Greg Hall, Kerry Hassan, Diane Johnson, James Lippard, Kelly Manning, Tom Markson, Bob McArthur, Mark Metz, Dennis Mitton, Lee Oeth, Leonardo Oliveira, Kathy Orlinsky, Tom Rhoads, Rico Sanchez, Thomas Shulich, Mike Weaver, Glen Wheeler, and Sarah Youkhana. Also thanks to Joe Nickell for giving me a (somewhat more than) gentle nudge improving the quality of these books. To Erika – The brightest light in my universe, and quite possibly in all the other ones as well. Contents Foreword: Why Skeptoid Is Part of My Life ............................ 1 Introduction .............................................................................. 3 1. Search for the Missing Cosmonauts ..................................... 5 2. -
Culture and Geography: South Australia's Mound Springs
Culture and geography: South Australia’s mound springs as trade and communication routes* © Colin Harris One of Australia’s most richly patterned trade and communication routes is that associated with the mound springs of northern South Australia. Extending in a great arc for almost five hundred kilometres south and west of Lake Eyre, the springs provided permanent, potable water in an otherwise harsh desert environment. The resultant human activity which has focussed on and been dependent on the springs for many thousands of years brings together in a most evocative and graphic way many of the key themes of this Conference. An introduction Artesian springs occur throughout the world, but are particularly prominent in parts of inland Australia. Described from the earliest years of European settlement as ‘mound springs’, they are natural outlets for the pressurised ground water of the 1.76 million km2 Great Artesian Basin, one of the largest of its kind in the world. Many of the hundreds of springs occurring in the Basin are located along its margins where the water-bearing aquifers abut adjoining basement rocks, although other occur as inliers where tectonism allows the water to escape to the surface along fault lines and through fracture zones.2 Since European settlement aquifer drawdown in the wake of bore-sinking has resulted in widespread flow decline and spring extinction. Areas of western and central western Queensland still have many active springs,3 but most in north-western New South Wales are either extinct or reduced to slight flows or seepages.4 Northern South Australia now has the most active and numerous springs. -
Central West Region
GP training in the Central West region Central West Health Hospital services include accident and Central West Health’s strategic plan was developed emergency, inpatient care, general and elective surgery, following consultation with local communities, councils medical imaging and maternity services. Other healthcare and healthcare partners, aiming to sustain quality health services include a range of community and primary services in remote Queensland and to improve access to healthcare services such as immunisation, child and specialist care for our residents. maternal health, chronic disease, allied health and mental health services. The plan aligned with the former government’s blueprint for better health and the government’s objectives for The model of service delivery is based on five hospital the community to revitalise frontline services, invest in hubs in Alpha, Barcaldine, Blackall, Longreach and Winton effective planning and infrastructure, realise value for with satellite primary health clinics at Aramac, Bedourie, money and increase transparency for performance. Birdsville, Boulia, Isisford, Jericho, Jundah, Muttaburra, Tambo and Windorah. Region-wide services for child and maternal health, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and chronic Winton disease management, together with a range of allied health and community health services are based in Longreach and Longreach Barcaldine Alpha other service hubs. Central West Blackall Central West Health’s doctors also work in general practices across the region under contract arrangements to deliver an integrated approach to primary and acute healthcare. Lifestyle The Central West is the heart of Outback Queensland, a place built by pioneers and stockmen. Embrace the country lifestyle with Central West’s wide open skies, breathtaking landscapes and warm, dry climate. -
Australia EXTRAORDINARY OVERLAND EXPEDITIONS
Australia EXTRAORDINARY OVERLAND EXPEDITIONS PRE-RELEASE BROCHURE 2020 OUTBACKSPIRITTOURS.COM.AU Welcome to Outback Spirit Australia’s leading small group tour company Exploring the vast Australian Outback is for many people like an awakening. It delivers an enhanced sense and new perspective of this extraordinary country; it’s environment, culture, wildlife and history. Outback Spirit has been showcasing the Outback for 21 years. From modest beginnings with a single 4WD bus, we’ve grown to become the number 1 choice for Australians seeking a small group outback adventure. Over the past year nearly 7000 people travelled with us into the outback, half of which were repeat clients setting off on another adventure. Getting off the beaten track without sacrificing comfort or professionalism has been a hallmark of our brand since the very beginning. Our fleet of luxury 4WD Mercedes Benz coaches provide an unrivalled level of comfort and safety, whilst our passionate and knowledgeable guides make every trip an enlightening and memorable experience. Delivering above and beyond expectations is what Outback Spirit is known for. Join us for an adventure in 2020, and you’ll see why. Andre & Courtney Ellis Brothers / Founders / Owners 3 Why Choose Outback Spirit? Award winning tour company Number 1 in the outback. The company that more Australians choose for small group outback touring Australia’s largest range of outback expeditions All Mercedes Benz fleet, guaranteeing your comfort and safety Passionate & experienced tour leaders 10 year Experience -
Elizabeth Springs Is One of a Suite of Nationally Important Artesian Springs in the Great Artesian Basin, Which Is the World’S Largest Artesian Basin
Australian Heritage Database Places for Decision Class : Natural Identification List: National Heritage List Name of Place: Great Artesian Basin Springs: Elizabeth Other Names: Place ID: 105821 File No: 4/08/222/0015 Nomination Date: 09/07/2007 Principal Group: Wetlands and Rivers Status Legal Status: 09/07/2007 - Nominated place Admin Status: 30/10/2008 - Assessment by AHC completed Assessment Recommendation: Place meets one or more NHL criteria Assessor's Comments: Other Assessments: : Location Nearest Town: Warra Distance from town 24 (km): Direction from town: S Area (ha): 145 Address: Springvale Rd, Warra, QLD LGA: Diamantina Shire QLD Location/Boundaries: About101ha, Springvale Road, 24km south of Warra, comprising Lot 1 on SP120220. Assessor's Summary of Significance: Elizabeth Springs is one of a suite of nationally important artesian springs in the Great Artesian Basin, which is the world’s largest artesian basin. The artesian springs have been the primary natural source of permanent water in most of the Australian arid zone over the last 1.8 Million years (the Pleistocene and Holocene periods). These artesian springs, also known as mound springs, provide vital habitat for more widespread terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates with aquatic larval young, and are a unique feature of the arid Australian landscape. As these artesian springs are some distance from each other in the Australian inland, and individually each one covers a relatively tiny area, their isolation has allowed the freshwater animal lineages to evolve into distinct species, which include fish, aquatic invertebrates (crustacean and freshwater snail species) and wetland plants. This results in a high level of endemism, or species that are found nowhere else in the world. -
OFFICIAL PROGRAM 2021 Australia’S Richest Camel Races #Bouliacamelraces Bouliacamelraces.Com.Au Sponsored by the MAYOR’S WELCOME
OFFICIAL PROGRAM 2021 Australia’s Richest Camel Races #bouliacamelraces bouliacamelraces.com.au Sponsored by THE MAYOR’S WELCOME Welcome to Boulia! Traditional land and home of the Pitta Pitta, Land of the Min Min Light, capital of the Channel Country, birthplace of motorised cattle transport, a shire full of beautiful natural landscape and rangeland grazing for the beef industry, and of course, home to the famous Boulia Camel Races! You are in for a jam-packed time filled with fun, great entertainment and edge of your seat racing. The Boulia Camel Races Committee has worked hard to present you with a fantastic event and we at the Boulia Shire Council are proud to be able to sponsor this magic weekend. Camel Races shows how community and even smaller groups of people can show case our patch of Queensland and Australia. While you are here, why not explore some of the 62,000 odd square kilometres that make up the Boulia Shire? We have plenty for you to experience – the Boulia Heritage Complex including world class marine fossils, Police Barracks, the Min Min Encounter 45 minute animatronics show, the first 3D crossing in Australia, magical sunsets and sunrises or why not take a trip to the small township of Urandangi for a cold drink at the Dangie Bush Resort. Did you know that Boulia is also a link in the Outback Highway, ‘Australia’s Longest Shortcut’, through the heart of Australia from Winton (QLD) to Laverton (WA)? I am sure you will enjoy the place we call home while you are here, so why not stay a little longer and experience all the beautiful things Outback Queensland has to offer.