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Litter and Soil Carbon Stock in Cultivated and Natural Area of Intergrated Forest for Conservation Education of Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park

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Litter and Soil Carbon Stock in Cultivated and Natural Area of Intergrated Forest for Conservation Education of Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park Available online at: http://journal.unila.ac.id/index.php/tropicalsoil 171 DOI: 10.5400/jts.2016.21.3.171 J Trop Soils, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2016: 171-178 Litter and Soil Carbon Stock in Cultivated and Natural Area of Intergrated Forest for Conservation Education of Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park Leoni Dellta Ellannia1, Agus Setiawan1 and Ainin Niswati2 1Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Lampung, 2Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture,University of Lampung, Jalan Sumantri Brojonegoro No. 1, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, e-mail: [email protected] Received 29 January 2016/ accepted 10 August 2016 ABSTRACT Intergrated Forest for Conservation Education of Wan Abdul Rachman (IFCE WAR) Great Forest Park is a conservation forest zone which has natural area and cultivated area. The natural area in Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park consists of secondary forest, whereas the cultivated area consists of agroforestry with cacao plants and agroforestry with coffee plants. The different land use in both areas caused the difference in carbon sink specifically in litter and soil. The research was aimed to study the difference of litter and soil carbon stock in natural and cultivated area in IFCE WAR Great Forest Park. The observation plots included in the current study was determined using purposive sampling method. The research was conducted in June until August 2015. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance and continued with honestly significant difference test. The results showed that there was no difference of litter carbon stock in cultivated area and natural area in IFCE WAR Great Forest Park, whereas the soil carbon stock in natural area was higher than that in cultivated area. Keywords: Agroforestry, conservation forest, litter carbon stock, secondary forest, soil carbon stock ABSTRAK Hutan Pendidikan Konservasi Terpadu Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rahman (HPKT Tahura WAR) adalah areal hutan konservasi yang memiliki areal budidaya dan areal alami. Pemanfaatan lahan areal alami di Tahura WAR terdiri dari hutan sekunder dan areal budidaya yang ditanami kakao dan agroforestri kopi campuran. Perbedaan pemanfaatan lahan menyebabkan kedua area memiliki simpanan karbon yang berbeda, khususnya pada serasah dan tanah.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan karbon serasah dan karbon tanah tersimpan di areal budidaya dan areal lindung. Plot di pelitian ini ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Juli-Agustus 2015. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analysis of Variance diikuti dengan Uji Beda Nyata Jujur.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata pada C serasah tersimpan di areal alami dan budidaya. Selain itu, C tanah tersimpan di areal alami lebih tinggi dibandingkan areal budidaya di HPKT Tahura WAR. Kata Kunci: Agroforestri, hutan konservasi, hutan sekunder, karbon serasah tersimpan, karbon tanah tersimpan INTRODUCTION of CO2 emission worldwide was about 34.5 billion tons, increased approximately 1.4% compared to Climate change has become a global problem that in the previous year (Olivier et al. 2013). and has attracted worldwide attention. Various Greenhouse gas production and release of CO2 impacts of climate change have emerged as natural into atmosphere can be mitigated by storing CO2 in disasters. The cause of this problem is the earth’s some places. Through photosynthesis, plants absorb surface warming due to fossil fuel combustion. The CO2 and convert it into nutrients and oxygen. combustion products increased the amount of However, the existing vegetation in the biosphere greenhouse gas emissions into atmosphere, has not been able to absorb all carbon emissions. In especially carbon dioxide (CO ). In 2012 the amount 2012, Indonesia has produced 0.49 billion tons of 2 carbon dioxide (Olivier et al. 2013). The major contributor of CO2 emission in Indonesia is J Trop Soils, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2016: 171-178 conversion of forest land into other land uses. In ISSN 0852-257X 172 LD Ellannia et al.: Litter and Soil Carbon Stock in Cultivation and Natural Area 2012, the forest area in Indonesia was about 134 MATERIALS AND METHODS million hectares (Direktorat Jenderal Planologi Kehutanan 2012). Forest as a dominant ecosystem Study Site has an important function in CO2 sequestration in large quantities. In forest, carbon is stored in The study was conducted in IFCE WAR Great vegetation including trees that produce litter. In Forest Park, which is about 1.143 ha. It is located in addition to forest, soil plays as carbon pool that able Bandarlampung, Indonesia, between 105°09’22.17"- to sequester more carbon in the form of soil organic 105°11’39.13" E and 5°24’ 09.78"-5°26’11.41" S as matter up to 2 Gigatons yr-1 (Lal 2008). shown in Figure 1 (Unit Pelaksana Teknis Daerah In general, forests have three major functions, Taman Hutan Raya Wan Abdul Rachman 2009). namely for protection, production and conservation. The structure of vegetation in this forest area is Conservation forest plays an important role for shown in Table 1. The study was conducted in June preserving natural resources and ecosystems, until August 2015. therefore, hardly any timber harvesting activities in Research Design and Plot Description this area. However, due to economic pressures, people have cleared the forest land and planted Soil samples and litter samples were taken crops, which is in contrast with the function of using purposive sampling method, according to the conservation forest. This condition will decrease representative study site conditions in IFCE WAR carbon sequestration ability of forest land, so the Great Forest Park. In this study, the experiments amount of carbon stored in forests, especially in litter were designed in completely randomized design with and soil will be reduced (Monde et al. 2008). two factors. The first factor was land use that One of the existing conservation forests in the consisted of 3 plots of natural area and 3 plots of Lampung Province is the Integrated Forest for cultivated area. The second factor was soil depth Conservation Education of Wan Abdul Rachman at 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. Litter samples (IFCE WAR) Great Forest Park which has natural were also taken from 6 land uses with 3 replications. area and cultivated area. The difference of land use The natural area in IFCE WAR Great Forest in both areas may affect forest ability to sequester Park consists of secondary forest, which is not carbon. This study aims to estimate the amount of utilized by local people. On the other hand, the litter carbon stock and soil carbon stock both in cultivated area, which is also part of Wan Abdul natural and cultivated areas of IFCE WAR Great Rachman Great Forest Park, has been utilized by Forest Park. RESEARCH LOCATION, PLOTS MAP OF ANALYSIS OF LITTER AND SOIL CARBON STOCK IN CULTIVATION AND NATURAL AREA N 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 km 0 1 2 3 4 cm Information Slope Classes Research Plot River 0 - 8% (Flat) Street 8 - 15% (Slope) Contour line 15 - 25% (Slightly steep) Integrated Conservation 24 - 45% (Steep) Education Foret >45% (Very steep) Plot Coordinate Point Name Latitude Longitude PA1 S5o 25’ 455” E105o 09’ 509” PA2 S5o 25’ 392” E105o 09’ 577” PA3 S5o 25’ 355” E105o 09’ 652” PB1 S5o 24’ 396” E105o 10’ 443” o o PB2 S5 24’ 465” E105 10’ 465” PB3 S5o 26’ 285” E105o 12’ 196” SITUATION MAP RESEARCH LOCATION Map Source 1. Thematic map of Forest area Lampung Province scale 1:250,000. 2. Indonesia Topographic Map scale 1: 50,000 3. Coodinate point data were collected by GPS Garmin Figure 1. Location of soil and litter sampling in Wan Abdul Rachman Great Forest Park, Lampung. J Trop Soils, Vol. 21, No. 3, 2016: 171-178 173 Table 1. Plants species observed in natural area and cultivated area of IFCE WAR Great Forest Park. Species Natural area Cultivated area Aleurietes moluccana ü ü Ficus ampelas ü - Dehaasia cuneata ü - Pterocymbium javanicum ü - Litsea firma ü - Acmena melanostica ü - Bridelia glauca ü - Anona sp. ü - Archidendron microcarpum ü - Oraxylum indicum ü - Macaranga tanarius ü - Villebrunea rubescens ü - Ricinus communis ü - Vitex pinnata ü - Coffea robusta ü ü Archidendron pauciflorum ü - Litsea roxburghii ü - Artocarpus integra ü - Spondias pinnata ü - Etlingera solaris ü - Aglaia elaegnoidea ü - Ficus hispida ü - Dalbergia latifolia - ü Durio zibhetinus - ü Theobroma cacao - ü Parkia speciosa - ü Erythrina lithosperma - ü Archidendron pauciflorum - ü Persea Americana - ü Lansium domesticum - ü Myristica fragrans - ü local people as agroforestry with cacao plants and Plot 1 of the cultivated area was located at the agroforestry with coffee plants. Observation plots altitude of 525 meters above sea level, whereas plot in the natural area consisted of more plant species 2 of the cultivated area was located at 540 meters than in the cultivated area. Twenty two species were above sea level. Both plots consisted of only 3 plant observed in the plots of natural area, whereas 11 species and the predominant species was species were observed in the plots of cultivated area Theobroma cacao. The difference between both (Table 1). Plot 1 of the natural area was located at plots was the predominant tree in plot 1 was Durio the highest elevation with an altitude of 1,029 meters zibethinus, whereas the predominant tree in plot 2 above sea level. In this plot 12 plant species were was Dalbergia latifolia. Plot 3 in the cultivated identified and the predominant plant species was area, which was located at the altitude of 369 meters, Litsea firma . Plot 2 of the natural area was located consisted of 10 plant species. The predominant plant at 1,006 meters above sea level. About 8 plant species in this plot was Erythrina lithosperma. species were observed in this plot and the predominant plant species were Litsea firma and Soil Carbon Sampling and Analysis Vitex pinnata.
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